Presentation on the topic of trauma. Presentation on the topic "types of injuries"
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Presentation on the topic: Injuries
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bruise Ears b - closed damage to tissues and organs without significant disruption of their structure. Most often, superficial tissues are damaged (skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles and periosteum). Usually occurs as a result of a blow with a blunt object or a fall. First aid for a bruise In case of a bruise, apply something cold through a cloth. An iodine mesh is applied to the bruised area only after 24 hours. It is impossible to use local irritants directly after an injury, as this will cause even greater swelling of the damaged tissues. Types of injuries
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sprain Sprain and rupture of ligaments is an injury that occurs as a result of the impact on the ligamentous apparatus of a joint of a load that exceeds the elasticity of the tissues. occur with sudden movements in the joint that exceed its normal amplitude and do not coincide with its normal direction. Ligament rupture is characterized by constant pain, hemorrhage at the site of injury, severe limitation of joint function and pain on palpation. When sprains and ruptures of ligaments, the limb, unlike fractures, is not deformed. In the first minutes after the injury, apply ice to the damaged joint, then secure the joint with an elastic bandage, but do not wrap it too tightly so as not to disrupt blood circulation. If the victim experiences a feeling of numbness in the bandaged limb, the bandage should be loosened. It is useful to again apply crushed ice in a plastic bag on top of the bandage to the injured area. The day after the injury, there is no need to apply ice; it is better to take warm baths and apply heparin ointment to the sore joint. For pain relief, you can give analgin or aspirin. If after 2-3 days the pain has not decreased and the swelling at the injury site does not go away, consult a surgeon. Types of injuries
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dislocation Dislocation is a violation of the integrity of the articular surfaces of bones under the influence of mechanical forces or destructive processes in the joint First aid Fixation of the damaged limb with a scarf, splint, etc. Apply something cold to the affected area. Minor dislocations can be adjusted on their own if there is no bone damage. Reduction is carried out back to the mechanism of injury. Reduction of the articular ends is carried out only by a doctor in order to avoid additional injuries in the future - functional treatment (gymnastics, massage, etc.). For old dislocations (3 weeks after injury) - surgery. For pathological dislocations - treatment of the disease that led to the dislocation. Surgery is sometimes necessary to restore function. Types of injuries
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electrical injury Electrical injury is a painful condition of the body caused by exposure to electric current. A person who has received a general or local electrical injury should be placed on a flat surface, be sure to call an ambulance and take the following actions: 1. Check the pulse, and if it is absent (circulation stops), perform an indirect massage hearts; 2. Check breathing, and if it is not there, perform artificial respiration; 3. If there is a pulse and breathing, the victim should be placed on his stomach and at the same time turn his head to the side. This way the person will be able to breathe freely and will not choke on vomit; 4. Burns resulting from electrical trauma should be covered with a bandage, which must be dry and clean. If your feet or hands are burned, you need to place rolled bandages or cotton swabs between your fingers; 5. Inspect the victim for other associated injuries and, if necessary, provide assistance; 6. If the person is conscious, it is recommended to give him liquid to drink in large quantities; Types of injuries
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Traumatic brain injury Cranial injury - damage to the bones of the skull or soft tissues, such as brain tissue, blood vessels, nerves, meninges. First aid: lay the victim on his back and monitor his condition (pulse, breathing); if the victim is unconscious, then he needs to be turned on his side (prevention of tongue retraction, as well as vomit entering the respiratory tract if vomiting occurs); apply a bandage to the wound on the head In case of an open head injury, cover the edges of the wound with bandages and then apply a bandage. Signs. general weakness, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, amnesia Types of injuries
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Wound - a violation of the anatomical integrity of the integumentary or internal tissues throughout their entire thickness, and sometimes also of internal organs, caused by the mechanical impact of the wound. First aid for any injury is aimed at: stopping bleeding (at least temporarily), protecting the wound from secondary contamination and penetration into it germs, relieve pain in the victim and provide rest to the injured part of the body. To do this, it is necessary first of all to expose the part of the body where there is a wound: the victim’s clothes or shoes are carefully and, if possible, painlessly removed, and if this is difficult, they are cut at the seams. Types of injuries
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Fracture A bone fracture is a complete or partial disruption of the integrity of the bone under a load exceeding the strength of the injured skeletal area. Fractures can occur either as a result of trauma or as a result of various diseases accompanied by changes in the strength characteristics of bone tissue. First aid If there is bleeding, stop it. Determine whether the victim can be moved before qualified medical personnel arrive. It is not recommended to carry or move a patient with spinal injuries or multiple fractures. apply a splint. A splint can be any object that will prevent movement in the damaged limb (grabbing the joints above and below the fracture site). If access for medical personnel is difficult or impossible and there are contraindications to moving the victim, ensure that the damaged areas are as completely immobile as possible, after which a stretcher with a solid base is used, to which the victim is securely fixed. Types of injuries
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A burn is damage to body tissue caused by high temperature or the action of certain chemicals (alkalis, acids, heavy metal salts, etc.). Burn There are 4 degrees of burn: 1) redness of the skin, 2) formation of blisters, 3) necrosis of the entire thickness of the skin, 4) charring of tissue. First aid Providing self- and mutual assistance plays an important role. Its main goal is to stop the effect of the damaging factor on the victim. So, for example, in case of a thermal burn, it is necessary to eliminate the contact of the victim with the source of the burn and cool the affected surface (under cool running water, for at least 15-20 minutes (only if the integrity of the skin is not compromised); relevant no later than 2 hours after burns), in case of electrical injury - interrupt contact with the power source, in case of chemical burns - wash off or neutralize the active substance, etc. Types of injuries
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Types of injuries Concussion - general damage to the body due to a sharp mechanical effect of an air, water or sound wave, impact with the ground or water, etc. contusion The victims need complete rest, emergency medical care and urgent hospitalization. In the future, for persistent movement disorders (paresis, paralysis), physical therapy is carried out, and for speech disorders, speech therapy classes and other special therapeutic measures are carried out. In the acute period after injuries and contusions of the brain, victims are advised to have a cold head and complete rest. The patient must be placed on his side (when vomiting, vomit may enter the respiratory tract). With an open skull injury, stopping bleeding, both internal and external, is in the foreground. After injuries and contusions, it is undesirable for the patient to work in noisy and cramped rooms; heat is contraindicated for him. A course of pine baths or baths using valerian root, peony root, lemon balm herb, and hops has a good effect on patients.
“Transport immobilization” - The Kramer staircase splint is universal. The tire is simple and easy to handle, permeable to X-rays. Hip fracture. The splint is modeled along the back of the lower leg, covering the knee and ankle joints. Evacuation of victims with hip injuries is carried out on a stretcher in a lying position.
"Help for Trauma" - Movement. First aid. First aid for sprains. It is recommended to bandage the injured arm to the body. Muscles. First aid for bruises. Human skeleton. Connection of bones. Be healthy. Bone fractures. Musculoskeletal system. Clavicle fracture. Kerchief. Immobilization. First aid for fractures.
“First aid for injuries” - First aid for injuries to the pelvic region, spine, back. If the victim is not breathing, begin resuscitation. Trauma to the pelvic area. It is IMPOSSIBLE to apply splints to the legs if the victim is lying in the “frog” position. First aid for spinal injury. Injury to the spine, back.
“Medical care for injuries” - Apply a tight bandage to the injured area. Dislocations usually occur when a large force is applied. Providing first aid for open fractures. Maintain a patent airway. Prevention of musculoskeletal injuries. If possible, give the victim oxygen.
"Injuries" - Burn. Injuries. Fracture. Stretching. Dislocation. Contusion. First aid for various types of injuries. Injury. Electrical injury. Traumatic brain injury. Types of injuries.
“First aid for fractures” - Bleeding. First aid for fractures. Fracture of the radius. Edema. Fracture line. Classification of fractures. First medical aid. Typical fracture sites. Absolute signs of a fracture. Bone fracture. Cracks and breaks. Timely provision of medical care. First aid. Signs of a fracture.
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The presentation on the topic “First aid for injuries” can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Subject of the project: life safety. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 20 slide(s).
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First aid for musculoskeletal injuries Injuries to the musculoskeletal system are the most common (from ordinary bruises to severe fractures and dislocations). First aid for such injuries is aimed at reducing pain and preventing further damage. They can be obtained under various circumstances: a fall, awkward or unexpected movement, or a car accident. There are four main types of injuries to the musculoskeletal system: fractures, dislocations, ruptures and sprains of ligaments, muscles and tendons, and bruises. A fracture is a violation of the integrity of a bone as a result of mechanical stress. Fractures can be open or closed. A dislocation is a displacement of a bone from its normal position in a joint. Dislocations usually occur when a large force is applied.
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Rupture - rapid mechanical impact on soft tissue with great force can cause rupture of ligaments, muscles, blood vessels and nerves. The most common tissue ruptures occur in the arms and legs. Stretching is a mechanical effect on soft tissues of not very great force in the form of longitudinal traction. The most common are muscle strains in the neck, back, thigh, or calf. A bruise is a closed tissue injury that occurs when struck by a hard, blunt object or dropped on a hard surface. In this case, not only the skin can be damaged, but also the deeply located organs of the chest and abdominal cavity.
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PROVISION OF FIRST MEDICAL AID FOR BRUISES, STRAINS AND RUPTURES OF LIGAMENTS AND MUSCLES
Apply cold to the damaged area
Apply a tight bandage to the damaged area
Give the victim painkillers
Provide rest to the injured limb and place it in an elevated position
Deliver the victim to a medical facility
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PROVIDING FIRST MEDICAL AID FOR DISLOCATIONS
Provide rest to the injured limb
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PROVIDING FIRST MEDICAL AID FOR OPEN FRACTURES
Stop the bleeding and treat the edges of the wound with an antiseptic
Apply a sterile bandage to the wound in the area of the fracture
Immobilize (immobilize) the limb in the position in which it was at the time of injury
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PROVISION OF FIRST MEDICAL AID FOR CLOSED FRACTURES
Carry out immobilization (immobilize the fracture site)
Give the victim a pain reliever and apply cold to the injury site.
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Prevention of musculoskeletal injuries. Physical exercise has a beneficial effect on the musculoskeletal system as a whole and on individual muscle groups. An effective physical training program (running, walking, aerobics, cycling, swimming, skiing) helps strengthen the body and prevent injuries.
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First medical aid for traumatic brain injury and spinal injury Traumatic brain injury is the most life-threatening type of injury, which may be based on a contusion of the brain or destruction of its substance. Brain damage is often associated with spinal injuries. People who have suffered a traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury may experience significant physical or neuralgic impairment, including paralysis, speech problems, memory problems, and mental disorders. Many victims remain disabled for life. Traumatic brain injuries are divided by mechanism into bruises, compression and wounds, and by their manifestations and nature of changes into concussions and contusions of the brain with or without damage to bones, membranes, and brain matter.
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Injury to the spine and back is one of the most severe injuries that deprive the body of support, and when the spinal cord is involved in the traumatic process, the functions of internal organs and limbs. Injuries to the spinal cord and nerves can cause paralysis, loss of sensation or motor activity. Injuries to the spine and back are divided into bruises and fractures with or without involvement of the spinal cord in the traumatic process. Trauma can be closed or open (wounds). First aid: give anesthetic; place the patient on his back; cover wounds with aseptic dressings.
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PROVIDING FIRST MEDICAL AID FOR HEAD OR SPINE INJURIES
If possible, keep the victim's head and spine motionless, use your hands to secure the victim's head on both sides in the position in which you found him
Maintain a patent airway. In case of vomiting, turn the victim on his side to prevent blockage of the airways with vomit.
Monitor the victim's level of consciousness and breathing. Stop external bleeding
Maintain the victim's body temperature
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First medical aid for chest injuries Chest injury is primarily, to varying degrees, severe disturbances in the function of breathing and circulation, caused by a disorder of the respiratory movements of the chest, a decrease in the respiratory capacity of the lungs, blood loss and limitation of the contractile activity of the heart muscle. Chest injuries are divided into bruises, compression and wounds with or without damage to the skeleton of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity.
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PROVIDING FIRST MEDICAL AID FOR RIB FRACTURES
Apply a tight bandage to the chest, making the first moves of the bandage while exhaling. If you don't have a bandage, you can use a towel, piece of cloth or sheet
Place the victim in an elevated position in a sitting (reclining) position
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PROVISION OF FIRST MEDICAL AID FOR STERMAL FRACTURE AND CLOSED PNEUMOTHORAX
Place the victim in an elevated position with the head of the bed raised, clear the injury site from clothing
If possible, give the victim oxygen.
Call an ambulance immediately
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PROVISION OF FIRST MEDICAL AID FOR STERMAL FRACTURE AND OPEN PNEUMOTHORAX
Treat the edges of the wound and cover the wound with napkins, apply a sealing bandage
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First aid for abdominal injuries
Abdominal trauma occurs from a sharp mechanical impact on the anterior abdominal wall, organs of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space, leading to severe impairment of respiratory and circulatory function, and in some cases, with ruptures of internal organs, to internal bleeding, acute peritonitis, and shock. In case of abdominal injuries, the victim should not consume any pills, water, or food.
Abdominal wall contusion
Closed abdominal injuries accompanied by intra-abdominal bleeding
Closed abdominal injuries, accompanied by rupture of one or another hollow organ
Abdominal wounds (open and closed)
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PROVIDING FIRST MEDICAL AID FOR AN ABDOMINAL WOUND
Apply a sterile bandage to the wound, securing it with strips of adhesive tape
If internal organs are exposed, cover them with a clean, damp cloth or sterile wipes.
Transport the victim on a stretcher in a lying position
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First aid for injuries in the pelvic area
Pelvic area injuries are a complex of various injuries to the pelvic bones and adjacent soft tissues and internal organs. Injuries to the pelvic area are divided into bruises, compression and wounds. The victim complains of pain, cannot raise his straight leg and, bending it at the knee joint, drags his foot. If the victim is unconscious, a fracture of the pelvic bones can be determined by the following signs: upward displacement of any half of the pelvis, deformation of the pelvic bones, shortening of the femur.
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Repetition of the topic Types of damage to the human body
Test work 1. Find the third odd one out 1. Knife, glass, shovel 2. Nail, bullet, awl 3. flows in an even stream, dark 2. Insert the missing words into the sentences. Scarlet, 1. A wound is a violation of the integrity of the skin 2. A chopped wound has edges that are very smooth and deep. 3. Bleeding is the flow of blood from a damaged vessel
3. Put the letter “B” if the statement is true. Put the letter "N" if the statement is incorrect. Venous bleeding - dark blood, an even stream Arterial bleeding can only be stopped by applying a tourniquet Lacerated wounds arise from rupture under tension During initial treatment, the wound is treated twice with an alcohol tincture of iodine Heavily contaminated wounds must be washed with a 2% solution of hydrogen peroxide V N V L N
Lesson topic
Studying new material Getting to know the classification of injuries Studying techniques for providing primary care for closed injuries
Closed injuries Bruises Sprains Lacerations Dislocations
Bruise - mechanical damage to soft tissues or organs that is not accompanied by a violation of the skin
Signs of bruises Pain Swelling Bruising Functional impairment
Providing primary care for bruises Apply cold to the bruised site Apply a tight bandage to the bruised site Ensure rest of the injured limb Deliver the victim to a medical facility. paragraph
Stretching is excessive overstrain of tissues under the influence of the external environment, acting in the form of traction.
Signs of sprains Pain Swelling, rapid increase in size Bruising Movement in the joint is possible, but painful and significantly limited
Providing primary care for sprains: Apply cold to the damaged area Apply a tight bandage to the joint Provide rest to the injured limb Place the injured limb in an elevated position If the pain does not decrease and swelling increases, consult a traumatologist
Rupture - damage to soft tissues from the impact of high-speed force in the form of traction
Signs of ruptures: Sharp pain Swelling Change in skin color (turns blue) Impossibility of flexion and extension in the joint due to bleeding in the joint
Providing primary care for ruptures:
Providing primary care for ruptures: Apply cold to the damaged area Apply a tight bandage Ensure rest Give anesthetic Give an elevated position to relieve swelling
Dislocation - displacement of bones relative to each other in the joint area
Signs of a dislocation: Pain Change in joint shape Unusual position of the limb Change in limb length Complete lack of movement in the joint
Providing primary care for a dislocation: Ensure rest of the injured limb Apply a tight bandage Give an anesthetic Contact a traumatologist
Consolidation of the studied material Complete the phrase: Closed injuries include bruises,... PMP for bruises: 1. Apply cold 2. 3. Provide rest
... - excessive overstrain of tissues under the influence of the external environment acting in the form of traction Signs of sprains Swelling, rapid increase in size Movement in the joint is possible, but painful and significantly limited
Homework Textbook, paragraph 2.2 pp. 121-123
Keep to the right. Mandatory signs. Additional information signs. Priority signs. Poems about traffic rules. Security problem. Why follow traffic rules? Warning signs. Prohibition signs. Information and service signs. Road signs and their designations. Traffic rules Signs of special regulations. Types of road signs. About the importance of traffic rules for children. Recommendations. The importance of traffic rules.
“Traffic rules for 7th grade” - Under no circumstances should you run out onto the road. The best way to save your life on the road. Don't do high-speed racing where people are walking. Why do you need to know the rules of the road? ABC of safety. You cannot cross the street at a red light, even if there are no cars on the road. It is safest to cross the road with a group of pedestrians. Pay attention to whether a car is approaching you.
“Characteristics of natural emergencies” - Vulcan. Avalanche. Snow avalanches. Factors that lead to catastrophic consequences. Sel. Did you know. Causes of tsunami formation. Dry avalanche speed. Tsunami. Sometimes mudflows occur in the basins of small mountain rivers and dry lairs. Natural emergencies. An avalanche of dry snow. During a storm, excitement increases gradually, people usually have time to move away. The average speed of mudflows is 2-4 m/s, reaching 4-6 m/s.
"Earthquake Information" - But not helpless! Questions to be learned: If you act calmly and thoughtfully, you will increase your chances of staying safe. The earthquake had a magnitude of about 7 on the Richter scale. What to do after an earthquake. There are about 100 strong earthquakes a year around the globe. The epicenter is the area of the Earth's surface located above the source of the earthquake. Stand in the opening of an interior door or in the corner of a room.
“Pat burning” - Types of peat fires. Grassroots stable fire. Fire storm. A sign of a fire is hot ground and smoke from the soil. 90% of all forest fires are ground fires. Horse fires. Types of forest fires are determined by the layer of forest in which the fire spreads. When the soil under the trees burns out, the trees fall randomly. The average speed of advance of the front of a fluent crown fire is up to 40 m/min. Ground fire.
“Consequences of earthquakes” - Safe places. Magnitude of the earthquake. How earthquakes are assessed. Injury and death. Consequences of earthquakes. Earthquake. Review the building's evacuation plan. Measures to reduce losses from earthquakes. Finish the sentence. Accidents at industrial enterprises. Fires.
