Azov sea water temperature. Water temperature in the Sea of Azov throughout the year Where is warmer in the Sea of Azov in June
The Sea of Azov is characterized by significant temporal and spatial variability of thermal conditions. This feature is explained geographic location on the southern periphery temperate latitudes(on the border of freezing and non-freezing seas), the shallowness of the Sea of Azov, the ruggedness of its shores, relatively low salinity, etc. The interaction of all these factors determines the features of the thermal conditions of the Sea of Azov.
The main source of heat entering the surface of the Sea of Azov is solar radiation. The amount of total solar radiation absorbed by the Sea of Azov per year, on average for many summer period is about 4000 MJ / m2. Of this amount of heat, 2200 MJ / m2 is consumed annually for evaporation, about 1500 MJ / m2 for effective radiation, and 300 MJ / m2 for contact heat exchange with the atmosphere. The heat balance of the Sea of Azov surface is described in detail on the page dedicated to the climate.
Water exchange with the Black Sea, as well as the runoff of the Don and Kuban, have an insignificant effect on the thermal regime of the Azov Sea. On average, the Don waters cool the sea per year, and the Black Sea and Kuban waters warm it. A quantitative assessment of the thermal influence of the above factors, referred to the entire water area of the sea, showed that for the year the cooling effect of the Don is about 0.8 MJ / m2, and the warming effect of the Kuban and the Black Sea waters is 2.1 and 7.5 MJ / m2, respectively.
The predominant role of radiation factors in the formation of the thermal regime of the Sea of Azov is clearly traced in the zonal distribution of the mean annual long-term values of water temperature according to the data of coastal stations. They gradually increase from 11.2 ° С in the northern part of the Azov Sea to 12.2-12.4 ° С in the southern, i.e. by about 0.5 ° С per 1 ° latitude. There are no distinct trends in the long-term temperature variation. Visually, one can distinguish a slightly lower background temperature of the Sea of Azov in the second half of the 20s - early 30s and an increased one - in the second half of the 60s - early 70s.
Calculation of long-term linear trends from the second half of the 1940s to 1986 showed almost no trend in Berdyansk and a slight positive trend (0.03 ° С) in Mysovoye. The latter circumstance is possibly associated with a slight increase in the warming effect of the Black Sea waters in the cold part of the year (October-February) in connection with the construction of the Tsimlyansk hydroelectric complex and an increase in river runoff withdrawals. This is to some extent confirmed by calculations of long-term trends. average monthly temperature waters of the Azov Sea. It also follows from these data that the trends of monthly values are much larger than the annual ones, but on the whole over the year, with long-term averaging, they are practically balanced.
Seasonal changes in water temperature in the Sea of Azov, as well as in other shallow water areas of temperate latitudes, are very pronounced. The mean monthly long-term values of water temperature at the coastal hydrometeorological stations of the Sea of Azov indicate the following. Swing annual course in different regions of the Sea of Azov it is 23.2-24.7 ° С, and decreases somewhat in the direction from north to south, mainly due to the difference between the lowest temperatures in the northern and southern regions of the Sea of Azov.
The most low temperature observed in January-February, and the highest in July. During the period of greatest warming, the water temperature is practically equalized throughout the Azov Sea. Since the beginning of cooling (August), the water temperature in the southern part of the Sea of Azov becomes higher than the temperature in the northern and central regions... From April to July, the picture is reversed. This is probably connected not only with the zonal arrangement of observation points and with the morphological features of the regions, but also with the warming effect of the Black Sea waters on the southern regions of the Sea of Azov during the cooling period, and with their cooling effect during the period of intense warming of the shallow Sea of Azov. In the open deeper regions of the Sea of Azov Maximum temperature water is celebrated in August.
The most intense warming of waters in spring is traced from April to May. According to the coastal stations, at different points it is rounded to 7-9 ° С (average 7.9 ° С), in the open areas of the Sea of Azov - 6.5-9.5 ° С (average 8.4 ° С). The fastest cooling of waters near the coast occurs from September to October by 6-7 ° С (average 6.5 ° С), and in the open areas of the Sea of Azov from October to November - by 5.5-7.7 ° С (average 6 , 7 ° C).
The seasonal variation of the water temperature at the coastal stations differs little from that in the shallow areas of the Sea of Azov and differs significantly from the seasonal variation in the deep-water areas. The maxima of the curves are shifted by about half a month; during the period of heat accumulation, the water temperature in shallow-water areas is higher than in deep-water ones, and during the cooling period, vice versa.
Monthly values of water temperature have much greater variability than annual averages. So, according to the hydrometeorological stations Mysovoye and Berdyansk, standard deviations in different months vary from 0.7 to 2.2 ° C. Their greatest values fall on April and October, i.e., at the time of the most intense seasonal changes temperature. The smallest - for the summer and early autumn, when the rate of seasonal changes in the water temperature of the Sea of Azov is underestimated, as well as for January-February in Berdyansk, where the ice cover helps to stabilize the temperature. Data on open areas of the Sea of Azov is insufficient to obtain quantitative characteristics standard deviations monthly values of water temperature, but their qualitative analysis on the whole confirms the results obtained from the data of coastal stations. Some difference is that in the open sea in May the deviations turn out to be slightly larger than in April. The highest values of water temperature, according to urgent observations at coastal stations, are observed in July and in different areas of the Sea of Azov are 29.3-32.8 ° C. The lowest (from -2.4 ° C in Genichesk to -0.5 ° C in Taganrog) can be observed in any of the winter months.
The spatial distribution of water temperature over the water area of the Sea of Azov, due to its small size and shallow depths, is characterized by weak contrast. According to coastal stations, during the period of the greatest cooling (February) average temperature water in the surface layer of the sea varies from 0-0.2 ° С in the northern part of the sea to 1.0-1.2 ° С in the south. There is very little data for the open areas of the Sea of Azov in winter. However, since the heat storage of water here is greater than in the coastal regions, it should be expected that the water temperature should also be somewhat higher than the indicated limits.
The temperature field is also characterized by a low contrast during the period of the greatest warming of waters (July-August). Average values of water temperature in the surface layer of the Sea of Azov, both in coastal areas and in the open sea, vary within 24-25 ° С. During periods of warming up and cooling down, temperature contrasts increase. So, in April, the water near the coast warms up to 8-11 ° С, and in the open areas of the sea it is below 7 ° С (in the central part of the Sea of Azov it does not exceed 5.5 ° С). In October, the water temperature of almost the entire open water area is above 14 ° С, and in the coastal areas, with the exception of the southernmost ones, it is below 14 ° С.
Spatial distribution of water temperature in the bottom layer of the Sea of Azov in general outline similar to the distribution in the surface layer. During the cooling period, the temperature background in the bottom layers, especially in the deeper regions, is slightly higher than at the surface, and during the warming up period, on the contrary, it is lower. From the analysis of the available database, it follows that, starting from October, the average water temperature in the bottom layers in most areas becomes higher than in the surface layers, with the exception of the deepest areas, where, due to the higher heat capacity of water masses, their cooling at the surface, and at the bottom it occurs more slowly than in the shallow waters of the Azov Sea.
In November, apparently, a weak unstable vertical temperature stratification is established everywhere, which is easily destroyed by wind-wave mixing and, after reaching the vertical winter convection to the bottom, is replaced by homothermy. The restructuring of the vertical thermal structure of the Azov Sea water begins in March-April. Weak stable stratification is formed in most areas of the sea, with the exception of the deepest areas of the central part of the sea and the southwestern squares, where the temperature of the surface layer of the Sea of Azov is lower than the temperature of the bottom layers due to the accumulation here in spring under the influence of prevailing winds drifting ice. Stable thermal stratification persists on average from May to September. The vertical temperature stratification of the Azov Sea is usually insignificant.
The calculation of the frequency of occurrence of temperature differences in the surface and bottom layers, based on observations at roadstead stations, showed that in the overwhelming number of cases the difference does not exceed 1 ° С, but in some cases, with weak winds and significant salinity gradients, it can reach 5-7 ° C.
Analysis of data on selected shallow squares of the Sea of Azov with the largest number observations (depths 4-6 m) and deeper areas (depths 10-12 m) made it possible to identify some features of the vertical thermal structure in different areas of the Sea of Azov. First, they confirm the weak temperature stratification of the sea waters. Average vertical gradients in both shallow and submerged areas do not exceed 0.12-0.13 ° C / m. Second, there is a noticeable difference in the formation of the vertical thermal structure in areas with different depths during the navigation period. In shallow areas, where the water warming up in the upper and bottom layers proceeds with a slight time shift, the gradients gradually increase and reach highest values in July, when the surface water layer is at its maximum. With the beginning of its cooling, the gradients decrease, and in October the stratification becomes unstable.
In the submerged areas of the Sea of Azov, where the heating of the bottom layers is slower with a significant lag behind the heating of the surface layer, the greatest gradients are established already in May-June, and then begin to decrease. In April and October, homothermy or weak instability is practically established.
An essential addition to the characteristic temperature regime The Azov Sea is the analysis of internal and external heat turnover. Calculation of heat turnover, in essence, is a continuation of the calculation of heat balance. The external heat turnover is considered to be the half-sum of the absolute values of the incoming and outgoing parts of the heat balance of the Azov Sea surface, and the internal heat turnover is the difference between the maximum and minimum heat content of the water mass.
On the shallow Sea of Azov, which occupies a small area, there are no pronounced climatic regions, but here two different zones of external heat circulation can be distinguished. One of them is located in the central part of the Azov Sea, the other - in the coastal shallow area, including the Taganrog Bay. The difference in the external heat turnover of these zones per year is 800 MJ / m2. As the maps of the external heat turnover show, its maximum values are located in the central, deep-water part of the Sea of Azov, and the minimum - in the shallow water, and the isolines of the external heat turnover generally repeat the isobaths. The dependence of external heat turnover on the depth of the Sea of Azov is closely related to annual amplitudes heat balance. In those regions where the amplitude of the heat balance is higher, the external heat turnover is greater, minimum values heat turnover are located in areas with a smaller amplitude of the heat balance. The close relationship of the heat balance of the Sea of Azov with the depth is explained by the fact that the active layer is the entire water column and with an increase in depth due to a decrease in the expenditure part of the heat balance (lower water temperature in the deep-water part and associated lower heat losses for evaporation), the final value of the balance increases. The maximum and minimum values of the external heat turnover per year are about 1200 and 400 MJ / m2, respectively.
The distribution of the internal heat turnover generally repeats the distribution of the external one, and the depth of the Sea of Azov is of decisive importance here too. This is explained by the fact that the extreme values of heat content in the small and shallow Sea of Azov occur during periods when the entire mass of water has almost the same temperature, and the heat content is determined only by the depth, on which the spatial distribution of internal heat turnover depends.
Internal heat turnover is slightly less than external. For the entire sea, the difference between the total values of external and internal heat turnover per year is 113 MJ / m2. Following VS Samoilenko's reasoning about the effect of the ice cover on the discrepancy between the values of the external and internal heat turnover of the Sea of Azov, this difference can be attributed to heat losses during ice formation. Rough calculations of the possible thickness of ice (average for the sea), which should form by the end of winter according to the formula proposed by him, and comparison of the obtained value with actual data allow us to consider this assumption legitimate.
The processes of ice formation and ice melting are reflected not only in the internal, but also in the external heat turnover of the Sea of Azov. During the period of ice melting and ice removal to the southern regions of the Sea of Azov, there is a slight decrease in water temperature and a related decrease in the expenditure part of the heat balance, thereby affecting the external heat turnover.
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The temperature of the surface layers of seawater in the Black and Azov seas depends entirely on the time of year and time of day; in the open sea it fluctuates on average from 6 to 25 ° C, reaching 30 ° C in shallow water.
The Azov Sea is the northeastern side basin of the Black Sea, with which it is connected by the Kerch Strait, in ancient times the Cimmerian Bosphorus. The width of the strait at its narrowest point is 4.2 km. This is the shallowest sea in the world, its depth does not exceed 15 meters.
The Black Sea is the inland sea of the Atlantic Ocean basin. The Bosphorus Strait connects with the Sea of Marmara, then, through the Dardanelles Strait, with the Aegean and Mediterranean seas... The Kerch Strait connects with the Sea of Azov. The Crimean Peninsula cuts deep into the sea from the north. The water border between Europe and Asia Minor runs along the surface of the Black Sea. Area 422,000 km2. The outlines of the Black Sea resemble an oval with a longest axis of about 1150 km. The greatest length of the sea from north to south is 580 km. Deepest- 2210 m, average - 1240 m.
Water surface temperature in the Black and Azov seas
Color gradations show the temperature of the sea surface in degrees Celsius.
The map, which provides information for the past day, is updated daily at about 4:00 UTC.
UTC - Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
The water temperature field was built on the basis of operational satellite and ground-based observations.
The map was built at the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia according to NCDC / NOAA data.
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With the onset of summer, tourists rush closer to the sea. Everyone missed the warmth, the sun and sea water... But not everyone knows where to go and which sea to choose. Today we will talk about the Sea of Azov in June. The water temperature this month is normal, and as the reviews of tourists say, you can swim and sunbathe. And this is so for everyone who, during the cold months, managed to miss the sea and is in a hurry to make up for lost time. We have photo and video materials about the Sea of Azov and about the resorts that stand on the shore of this chic and already warm sea... Watch and wait for summer.
The Azov Sea is big. On its shore there are children's camps, where from the beginning of summer there are a lot of students who spend their school holidays. There are many resort towns on the seashore, many of them are famous all over the world and foreigners come here. Perhaps the most famous is the resort town of Yeisk. Up to a million tourists from all over Russia come here in the summer. Beautiful town, nice beaches and well-developed infrastructure. It is pleasant and comfortable to have a rest in Yeisk.
Also, tourists who prefer to rest in their homeland are known for such resorts as: Kirillovka and Novokonstantinovka. These are small resorts that only live by receiving tourists in the summer season. It is even larger than a village, but during the beach season there are so many tourists here that the villages turn into cities with a population of under two hundred thousand people.
As we have already said, the Sea of Azov is large, so at different resorts there can be absolutely different weather and sea water temperature. Look further at the summary table, which shows which sea resorts have the most best water in the month of June:
Reviews of tourists.
Since tourists rest here from May to October, they left a lot of reviews about the rest on the Sea of Azov. Let's read them.
Svetlana.
“We had a rest with friends in Kirillovka. The sea was warm, the weather was sunny. We swam almost every day, as it rained a couple of times. The water is not very clean. On the beach, the bottom was not entirely sandy, but rather clayey interspersed with sand. Therefore, when you enter the sea, your feet are not very pleasant. And if children start running around here, then all the dregs from the bottom rises up, and the water is dirty. You come out of the sea, and you have black spots! There are no special excursions, but you can walk yourself. We walked along the sea, here in the evenings beautiful landscapes... all in all. Plus there is only one - the warm sea, but otherwise not very much. "
Danya.
“In June, there is no place to spend much time on the sea. The water is cool, and people have been swimming in the Sea of Azov since mid-May. We rested in Berdyansk with our family. The rest turned out to be different. I liked something, something not very much. Yes, the sea is warm, the weather is sunny. The beach is normal, but otherwise not very good. There are no excursions, nowhere to go. We just walked around the city as a family in the evenings, went into nature and examined everything ourselves.
The sea here is clean, although they said there would be mud. The wind and waves did not bring any bottles, or branches, or other debris. The beach is sandy, the entrance is shallow and the children liked it. But I repeat - we rested here only because of the sea. In July, the Black Sea will also become warm, then we will go to Sochi or Anapa. "
What does a tourist need to know?
The Azov Sea does not have a direct outlet to the ocean. First, it connects with the Black Sea and this connection is called the Kerch Strait. Now there is a bridge that will connect mainland Russia with Crimea. Cars and trains will drive across the bridge. Currently, there is a ferry crossing there, thanks to which you can get to the Crimea by sea. But there is often a storm at sea, and the crossing may operate according to actual weather.
The Sea of Azov washes the shores of Russia, Ukraine and Crimea. Most famous cities near the sea: Yeisk, Taganrog and Rostov-on-Don. Rostov and the Sea of Azov are connected by the Don River. And many tourists directly along the river get to the sea on boats and boats. There are thousands of large and small resort towns and villages on the shores of the Azov Sea. Annually in the midst beach season about a million Russians rest on the shores of the sea.
Azov sea- the shallowest and warmest sea. It is considered an excellent place for families with children, since the depth here does not exceed 15.5 meters, and the coast is gently sloping and consists of sand.
Monthly sea temperatures in the Sea of Azov
When is the best time to go to rest?
Many tourists open the season in mid-May, going on vacation to the popular resorts of the Azov Sea: Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Yeisk, Berdyansk, pages Golubitskaya and Dolzhanskaya as well as villages Kuchugury and Overflow... These resorts are ideal for relaxation.
Fresh air, good climate and the sea, which warms up faster than anywhere else in the resorts, allows you to choose the Sea of Azov as wonderful place for rest already At the beginning of June... The daytime temperature this month is +25 degrees, and the water warms up to + 23 ° C.
Better yet, relax on the Sea of Azov in July since the quantity sunny days here it is 28-30, the sea water is constantly warm (+28 degrees).
July for those who are looking for a beach holiday or planning a trip to the sea with children.
The exact same weather holds here in August, but, in contrast to July, the number of tourists is slightly less. Nevertheless, this month is considered heavenly for those who do not want to leave the sea, since the water temperature is magnificent - + 25 degrees.
The Sea of Azov, as well as the resorts located along the coast, are actively developing, every year attracting more and more " family tourists". New entertainment appears here, and beach vacation always on the top.
