300 Fahrenheit to Celsius. Temperature scales

Temperature scales. Celsius scale, Kelvin scale, Reaumur scale and Fahrenheit scale. Temperature scales in degrees Celsius, Kelvin, Reaumur, Fahrenheit from +100°С to -100°С

Temperature scales Celsius, Kelvin, Reaumur, Fahrenheit

There are several temperature scales. Celsius scale, Kelvin scale, Reaumur scale, Fahrenheit scale. The division values ​​in the Celsius and Kelvin scales are the same. The Reaumur scale is coarser than the Celsius and Kelvin scales due to the fact that in the Reaumur scale the price of a degree is higher. The Fahrenheit scale is the opposite, more precisely because there are one hundred eighty degrees Fahrenheit for every one hundred degrees Celsius.

Comparison table for Celsius, Kelvin, Reaumur, Fahrenheit scales

Comparison table of zero values ​​of the Celsius, Kelvin, Reaumur, Fahrenheit scales

Celsius

The Celsius scale is a centigrade thermometric scale that has two main points:

The first point corresponds to 0°C Celsius, the second point corresponds to 100°C Celsius.

Kelvin scale

The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale in which degrees are counted from the temperature of absolute zero. The temperature of absolute zero is 273.16°C lower than the melting temperature of ice.

Reaumur scale

The Reaumur scale is a thermometric scale that has the same two main points as the centigrade scale:

Melting point of pure ice at normal pressure;

Boiling point of pure water at normal pressure.

The first point corresponds to the number 0°R of the Reaumur scale, the second point corresponds to 80°R of the Reaumur scale. The Reaumur scale was introduced by the French physicist R. Reaumur in 1730.

Fahrenheit

The Fahrenheit scale is a temperature scale used in the USA, England and a number of other countries. On the Fahrenheit scale, the melting temperature of ice corresponds to 32°F, and the vapor temperature of water boiling at atmospheric pressure corresponds to 212°F. One hundred degrees on the Celsius scale corresponds to one hundred and eighty degrees on the Fahrenheit scale.

Celsius

The Celsius scale is used to measure temperature in everyday life and in science. The temperature in degrees Celsius is broadcast by radio stations and television channels; the temperature in degrees Celsius is shown on the Internet by weather informers. Many thermometers, car climate control dials, and air conditioner remote control displays are calibrated in degrees Celsius.

Kelvin scale

The Kelvin scale is used in science. The temperature of absolute zero corresponds to zero degrees on the Kelvin scale. In photography, white balance corresponds to a specific color temperature. For example, white balance on a sunny day (or flash light) corresponds to a color temperature of 5500 K.

Reaumur scale

The Reaumur scale is used quite rarely in most countries.

Fahrenheit

The Fahrenheit scale is used in the USA, England and some other countries. Sometimes in hotels you can find air conditioners whose remote controls are calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit.

For convenience, you can use the table for converting degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit:

Short version of the table converting degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit:

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Initial value

Converted value

kelvin degrees Celsius degrees Fahrenheit degrees Rankine degrees Reaumur Planck temperature

Optical power in diopters and lens magnification

More about temperature

General information

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Story

The word “temperature” arose in those days when people believed that more heated bodies contained a larger amount of a special substance - caloric - than less heated ones. Therefore, temperature was perceived as the strength of a mixture of body matter and caloric. For this reason, the units of measurement for the strength of alcoholic beverages and temperature are called the same - degrees.

Since temperature is the kinetic energy of molecules, it is clear that it is most natural to measure it in energy units (i.e. in the SI system in joules). However, temperature measurement began long before the creation of the molecular kinetic theory, so practical scales measure temperature in conventional units - degrees.

Kelvin scale

Thermodynamics uses the Kelvin scale, in which temperature is measured from absolute zero (the state corresponding to the minimum theoretically possible internal energy of a body), and one kelvin is equal to 1/273.16 of the distance from absolute zero to the triple point of water (the state in which ice, water and water pairs are in equilibrium). Boltzmann's constant is used to convert kelvins into energy units. Derived units are also used: kilokelvin, megakelvin, millikelvin, etc.

Celsius

In everyday life, the Celsius scale is used, in which 0 is the freezing point of water, and 100° is the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure. Since the freezing and boiling points of water are not well defined, the Celsius scale is currently defined using the Kelvin scale: a degree Celsius is equal to a kelvin, absolute zero is taken to be −273.15 °C. The Celsius scale is practically very convenient because water is very common on our planet and our life is based on it. Zero Celsius is a special point for meteorology, since the freezing of atmospheric water changes everything significantly.

Fahrenheit

In England and especially in the USA, the Fahrenheit scale is used. This scale divides the interval from the temperature of the coldest winter in the city where Fahrenheit lived to the temperature of the human body into 100 degrees. Zero degrees Celsius is 32 degrees Fahrenheit, and a degree Fahrenheit is equal to 5/9 degrees Celsius.

The current definition of the Fahrenheit scale is as follows: it is a temperature scale in which 1 degree (1 °F) is equal to 1/180th the difference between the boiling point of water and the melting temperature of ice at atmospheric pressure, and the melting point of ice is +32 °F. Fahrenheit temperature is related to Celsius temperature (t °C) by the ratio t °C = 5/9 (t °F - 32), that is, a change in temperature of 1 °F corresponds to a change of 5/9 °C. Proposed by G. Fahrenheit in 1724.

Reaumur scale

Proposed in 1730 by R. A. Reaumur, who described the alcohol thermometer he invented.

The unit is the degree Reaumur (°R), 1 °R is equal to 1/80 of the temperature interval between the reference points - the melting temperature of ice (0 °R) and the boiling point of water (80 °R)

1 °R = 1.25 °C.

Currently, the scale has fallen out of use; it survived longest in France, the author’s homeland.

Comparison of temperature scales

¹ Normal human body temperature is 36.6 °C ±0.7 °C, or 98.2 °F ±1.3 °F. The commonly quoted value of 98.6 °F is an exact conversion to Fahrenheit of the 19th century German value of 37 °C. Since this value is not within the range of normal temperature according to modern concepts, we can say that it contains excessive (incorrect) accuracy. Some values ​​in this table have been rounded.

Comparison of Fahrenheit and Celsius scales

(o F- Fahrenheit scale, oC- Celsius scale)

To convert degrees Celsius to Kelvin, you must use the formula T=t+T 0 where T is the temperature in kelvins, t is the temperature in degrees Celsius, T 0 =273.15 kelvins. The size of a degree Celsius is equal to Kelvin.