Climatic features of various regions of the African continent. The Sahara was blooming The hot choking wind of the Sahara usually blows
"From 2015. The winning player in the top three is highlighted in bold. The winner of the game has his final score indicated. There were 43 issues in total.
Issue 1 (1 244), January 2, 2015
Participants:
Alena Volkova, Julius Yakubovsky(0 points), Svetlana Chuiko; Sergey Plotnikov, Ekaterina Krupskaya, Oleg Zhelkov; Alexander Lemeshev, Oksana Grigorenko, Victor Mazurenko;
- In the Tver province, the word "goat" was used. What did it mean? (7 letters)
- What, according to Macedonian belief, cannot be done with a goat? (8 letters)
- In Belarus, on the first day of Christmas, mummers walked around and took a "goat" with them - that was the name of a comrade dressed in a skin mask. At the same time, they asked the owners to give our "goat" a "sieve of oats, on top of a sausage, a sieve of buckwheat on ..." what? (8 letters)
- What word in Russian comes from Italian, which literally means "goat pose"? (6 letters)
- What is the name of one of the roles of a goat in a traveling fairground circus? Vasily Peskov described this circus act. True, he saw it in India, but they say that once we also had such a circus act, and even more so in the Guinness Book of Records such a goat is even described, or such a number with a goat, on whose horns a monkey was sitting. (11 letters)
- The name of which literary genre comes from the naming of mythical creatures with a goat's beard and legs? (6 letters)
- The people said: "God created three evils - THIS, vodka and a goat." (4 letters)
Issue 2 (1 245), January 9, 2015
Participants:
Natalia Grozovskaya (Las Vegas), Alexander Timofeev (Kolomna), Svetlana Efimova (Ivanovka village); Daria Cherkasova (Tula), Vasily Pestryak-Golovaty (Gatchina), Irina Novikova (Moscow)(2,550 points); Violetta Lyubina (Anievo), Oleg Fetkushov (Moscow), Inga Shennikova (Kislovodsk);
- The Russian Baba Yaga, as you know, flies on a broomstick or in a mortar. And what did the Hedgehog-Baba fly with the Western Slavs? (6 letters)
- Which of his fairy-tale characters did the animator Leonid Shvartsman draw from his mother-in-law? (8 letters)
- Everyone remembers Vasnetsov's painting Alyonushka. It was called at first " Something Alyonushka ". It is surprising that this word was once called an orphan. (7 letters)
- You probably remember Bazhov's fairy tale "Two Lizards". The hero of Andryukh of this tale ends up in the bathhouse of the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, and it is precisely described there that everything in this bathhouse is made of stone, except ... (5 letters)
Issue 3 (1 246), January 16, 2015
Participants:
Lydia Tsyntsar (Kapchak village), Georgy Virvichets (Strunino village), Natalia Neit (Novokuznetsk); Yuri Shesternin (Balakovo), Anatoly Agrafenin (Borskoe village), Olga Mazurenko (Golitsyno); Lyubov Volkova (Kazan)(2 600 points), Julia Alba (Novosibirsk), Sergey Semyonov (Tikhoretsk)- In the old days in Russia, children were not given names before baptism, and if they did, they did not tell anyone, so the proverb was born among the people: “Before baptism, all the guys are…” who? (6 letters)
- What worldly, that is, non-churchly, name did the parents give their son, wishing him to grow up big, strong and strong? (7 letters)
- Emperor Paul I forbade the use of the word "snub-nosed" in conversations and letters, since he himself was snub-nosed. What nickname for pets did he also forbid to use? (5 letters)
- They say that the Serb had to do something for the fourth time in my life to be baptized again and change my name. (8 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 4 (1 247), January 23, 2015
Participants:
Andrey Khozyainov (Ust-Stsima village), Elena Pesetskaya (Yadrino village), Galina Rybakova (Krasnoyarsk); Telman Aliev (village Halameli), Elena Romanova (St. Petersburg), Elena Bakurova (Arkhangelsk); Alexey Pashin (Khimki), Victor Kanov (Moscow), Nadezhda Smolyanskaya (Kotovo)(2,750 points)
- Epiphany night and Mass were the last dates of Christmas divination. What should have been done in the house for traditional Epiphany divination? (9 letters)
- Epiphany night and Mass were the last dates of Christmas divination. The typical Epiphany divination of the girls about the groom was going to fetch water. She had to be picked up at 12 o'clock in the morning with buckets and try to bring it home without looking back. What else should have been done? (7 letters)
- What shouldn't have been done within 12 hours of baptism? (7 letters)
- What on the day of baptism, after returning from the festive liturgy, did the hostess draw a cross over the doors and windows to close the entrance of the evil spirits? (7 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 5 (1 248), February 6, 2015
Participants:
Latokat Rasulova (Angren)(6 400 points), Mikhail Fadeev (Kolomna), Natalia Samoilova (Volgograd); Irina Tsoi (Novosibirsk), Alexander Stepanov (Dubrovka village), Pavel Ignatiev (St. Petersburg); Nikolay Kanaev (village Ivankovo), Elizaveta Danilina (Raichikhinsk), Sergey Shalov (ecopos. Tsitsa);- What does the word "Seminar" mean in Latin? (9 letters)
- What quality of character in the 17th century was evidenced by the cuffs on the sleeves of the students' suits? (8 letters)
- What helped the overseer keep track of the students and determine which students were missing lectures? (7 letters)
- What, in the old days, has been operating to this day since the opening of the first university in Russia, helping rectors to present to students on Tatiana's day? (8 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 6 (1 249), February 13, 2015
Participants:
Nadezhda Ryntseva (Sheksna village), Sergey Milenko (Vasilchuki village), Elena Tsvetaeva (Moscow); Immo Lesvisi (Rome), Vladimir Brilev (Novorossiysk)(1,800 points), Ekaterina Konstantinova (Gagarin); Nadezhda Basket (Privolzhsk), Karina Kurnosova (Bryansk), Boris Muss (St. Petersburg);
- In the middle of the 18th century, a Parisian named Boulanger founded an institution, on the sign of which he wrote in Latin: "Come to me all those suffering from stomach and I will restore you." And what for the first time in the 18th century was he going to restore all those suffering from the stomach? (6 letters)
- What was first used in 1910 at the Novoyaroslavets restaurant in St. Petersburg? (7 letters)
- What service could be found in the presence of an ancient Russian tavern if there was a pole with a bundle of straw tied to it? (6 letters)
- In the Olgino district near St. Petersburg, once upon a time, a restaurant was always popular among summer residents, where visitors were served only his... What? (6 letters)
Issue 7 (1 250), 20 February 2015
Participants:
Tatiana Kuznetsova (village of Mundybash), Andrey Kravtsov (Sochi), Olga Kovaleva (Vladimir); Sevada Malkhasyan (Pereslavl-Zalessky), Natalia Dmitriuk (Kolchugino), Vakha Musaev (Grozny); Vera Rodionova (Balakovo), Victor Dmitriev (Pudomyagi settlement), Ekaterina Barinova (Ryabinki village)(4,700 points);
- What was the original meaning of the word "slave" in Russian, after which it was called "forced laborer"? Generally this is- a related word for "child" or "timid". (6 letters)
- During the time of the Novgorod Republic, the merchant brotherhood was called "Ivanovskoe hundred"; in order to join it, the merchant had to contribute a large sum of 50 hryvnias. What was the name of the merchant who did this? (6 letters)
- What was the name of the collection of acts on noble families, that is, genealogical books? (7 letters)
- By the decree of Peter I in the 18th century, the following punishment of a nobleman for a major act was introduced. This punishment was that a sword was tied over his head and deprived of the nobility, after which he was called that way. How? (6 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 8 (1 251), February 27, 2015
Participants:
Ruslan Zulkarnaev (Baymak), Olga Khazieva (Mozhaisk), Nadezhda Melnik (Nikolaev); Olesya Pronina (Kaluga region), Vitaly Sedov (settlement Krakovo), Andrey Matusevich (Volsk); Roman Bulyzhnikov (settlement Romanovka)(500 points), Natalya Verova (Penza), Alexander Yuriev (farm Dubovoy);
- What word was borrowed from the Polish language, in which it means "hired carriage, cab". This is consonant with the phrase "Shake while driving." What kind of word is that? (9 letters)
- What, according to the rules of etiquette in the 19th century, was it recommended to keep girls in their teeth when entering an underground railway tunnel, so that someone would not kiss her using the darkness? (7 letters)
- Where was the workplace of the omnibus conductor? (8 letters)
- Honore de Balzac wrote about stagecoaches: “The British are afraid to drop their dignity and therefore do not open their mouths; The Germans are sad on the road, the Italians are too careful, the Spanish stagecoaches are completely gone, the Russians do not ... ”. What? (6 letters)
- What was the name of the passengers on the top floor of the race, where the seat cost 3 kopecks? (11 letters)
- Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev recalled that the conductor in the Petersburg tram from time to time shouted: "Yellow - ... station!", "Green - ... station!" or "Red - ... the station!". What was red, yellow and green? (5 letters)
- What in 1935 sounded on the metro platform before the train began to move instead of the modern, familiar announcement of stations "Beware, the doors are closing!" (5 letters)
The participant guessed the horizontal and the first vertical word, but did not guess the second vertical word.
Issue 9 (1 252), 6 March 2015
Participants:
Dawn Musatov, Valentina Drogina, Olesya Kovalenko; Marina Kosheleva, Nadezhda Savelyeva(2,900 points), Nadezhda Maslova; Svetlana Titova, Irina Krivulya, Natalia Zabelina;
- Among the Cossacks, two days before the wedding, the bride's parents had to present a dowry, this was celebrated as a holiday. What was it called? (7 letters)
- On Christmas Eve at midnight, girls approached the open doors of the bathhouse and lifted up their skirts. You had to stick your skirt up in the bathhouse into the open cold door of the bathhouse, and then it’s simple: if the bathhouse spirit — the bathhouse — touches with a shaggy hand, then she will have a rich groom, if she is naked, she will be poor, and if wet, then the groom will be who? (7 letters)
- What was necessarily included in the bride's dowry in any village, in any village, in any city? (7 letters)
- What was the name of the whip that the groom put in his boot on his wedding day as a symbol of marital power? (6 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 10 (1 253), 20 March 2015
Participants:
Evgenia Stolyarova (Zheleznodorozhny), Valentina Sukhareva (village Dmitrievy Gory), Sergey Pitaev (Sochi); Veronica Ratomskaya (Moscow), Alexander Orlov (Veliky Novgorod), Grigory Markov (Ozyory); Valery Bolotov (Istra), Natalia Nekrasova (Tver)(600 points), Sergey Larin (Melenki);- What are the Bedouins trying to do to reduce the evaporation of water from the body in the desert? (7 letters)
- A mirage in the desert is a dangerous phenomenon. Once 60 people and 90 camels died in the desert, following the mirage 60 kilometers towards the well. What in ancient times helped travelers to be convinced whether a mirage was in front of them or not? (6 letters)
- One of the species of beetles lives only in the Namib Desert, in the morning it climbs high dunes and waits. What? (5 letters)
- That the inhabitants of the desert, the Bedouins, considered it immoral to sell, considering this drink the drink of life? (6 letters)
- The hot, stifling wind of the Sahara usually blows after the vernal equinox. The Arabs call this wind Khamsin, this is a very unpleasant phenomenon, immediately the heat rises to incredible proportions. What does this word mean in translation? (9 letters)
- What do the Arabs call the great master of the desert? (5 letters)
- What did the agricultural peoples of western Sudan, the inhabitants of the desert, the Tuareg supply and still supply? (4 letters)
The participant guessed the horizontal and the first vertical word, but did not guess the second vertical word.
Issue 11 (1 254), March 27, 2015
Participants:
Olga Timofeeva-Obolenskaya (Cheboksary), Sergey Ryabov (Samara), Emmanuila Shtuko (Tver); Natalia Churaeva (Moscow)(7,750 points), Alexander Logvin (Druzhba village), Yulia Solntseva (Magnitogorsk); Inna Morozova (Strunino), Andrey Nosov (Shakhty), Lyudmila Sukhomlinova (settlement Gribansky);
- To depict what, according to the testimony of Vladimir Ivanovich Gilyarovsky, did make-up artists use a wet bull's bubble? (6 letters)
- During the reign of Peter I, the first public theater was built on Red Square, when it was called “Theatrical Horomina”, and in it a theater, and a hara, and shops, and doors and windows. What was strictly forbidden in this "theatrical horomine"? (7 letters)
- In the 17th century, in France, "merry drinking songs" became widespread, which were called the songs of the "Virskaya Valley". What theatrical genre was born literally free songs? (7 letters)
- How in Germany, and later in Russia in the 18th century, was the acting association called, or otherwise the troupe? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 12 (1 255), April 3, 2015
Participants:
Vera Koltsova (Bezhetsk), Gennady Aksyonov (Gololobovka village), Olga Mamaeva (Orlov town); Natalia Ruleva (Dubovka), Svetlana Selezneva (Moscow), Alexander Milkin (Michurinsk)(3,150 points); Natalia Yavkina (Moscow), Alexey Boriskin (Orekhovo-Zuevo), Nikolay Baidukov (Novokuibyshevsk);- What event took place for the first time in Antarctica on January 29, 2007? (8 letters)
- The Chukchi said that your place in heaven depends on how you feel about this, in this life. What is the conversation about? (6 letters)
- The peoples of the Far North cannot imagine their life without deer, they say that if a deer leaves a person, what leaves with a deer? (7 letters)
- Svalbard winterers returning to their homeland have a tradition. Why do they throw the sides of the ship into the water, sailing from the coast in order to someday return to Spitsbergen? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 13 (1 256), April 10, 2015
Participants:
Svetlana Mikheeva (Zheleznodorozhny), Sergey Tregubov (settlement Glebychevo)(4,000 points), Lyudmila Kurilina (settlement Smirnovka); Vladislav Golubenkov (Tula), Adam Saidov (Grozny), Svetlana Virvichas (Strunino); Marina Snemshchikova (Protvino), Veronika Ilinykh (Kirov), Lyudmila Domnina (settlement Shilovo);
- In the old days, there was a popular belief that daily food was needed what ... What should be done? (10 letters)
- According to the daily routine, pirates who were not on duty went down into the hold and for hours played sleeping. What did they each hold in their mouths? (6 letters)
- At the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Emperor Paul I established a curfew in St. Petersburg. No one was allowed to appear on the street after 9 pm, no one except doctors and ...? (8 letters)
- In Russia there was a saying: "I will get up early in the morning, I will go to the big nose and the head of clay." Where did you go early, getting out of bed? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 14 (1 257), April 17, 2015
Participants:
Evgeny Mikhailovsky (Zheleznodorozhny), Sergey Gerasimov (Syktyvkar)(1,400 points), Lyudmila Semyonova (Shemursha village); Oleg Kolosov (Gelendzhik), Svetlana Dashevskaya (Kolchugino), Larisa Terentyeva (Syktyvkar); Mikhail Domnin (settlement Shilovo), Olesya Shegulkova (Uryupinsk), Olga Semyonova (Tikhoretsk);
- What word used to mean "to sing to the nightingale"? The nightingale begins to sing, how else did the people say? What does he start to do? (8 letters)
- The people said: "The nightingale is a small bird, and the forest will shout ...". What should the forest do when the nightingale sings? (7 letters)
- What musical instrument in France at the end of the 17th century was originally used to train songbirds? (8 letters)
- What, according to the recollection of the Russian writer Ivan Shmelev, should one do with the nightingales so that they sang? (6 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 15 (1 258), April 24, 2015
Participants:
Diana Khodokovskaya (Korosten), Yuri Alekseev (Kamyshovka), Svyatoslav Shershukov (Klin)(1,950 points); Victor Lukashov (Yeysk), Galina Yasnaya (St. Petersburg), Anna Peushkina (Nizhny Novgorod); Alibek Askhabov (Khasavyurt), Nina Bogatykh (Voronezh), Dmitry Pryanov (Troitsk);
- In 1672, the Sicilian Francesco Procopio opened the first Parisian coffee house, in addition to coffee, another novelty was served in this coffee house. Which one? (9 letters)
- What was the name of coffee with rum or vodka before? The quote by Vaschenko-Zakharchenko "Memoirs about uncles and aunts" was called. There was even such a word: "... the hour came, it was necessary to have dinner, after dinner there were jams, poppy seeds, nuts, coffee with pretzels and crackers, while uncle was doing something." (7 letters)
- The word "Kahwe", from which the word "coffee" comes from, the Arabs called coffee, and wine, and something else. (6 letters)
- In the 18th century in Prussia, coffee began to compete with beer. The income from which significantly replenished the state treasury, then Frederick the Great banned the import of coffee beans and hired special people, they were supposed to. What to do? (6 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 16 (1 259), 30 April 2015
Participants:
Alexander Karpich (Novaya Usman village), Vladimir Orlov (village of Izhma)(1,400 points), Inna Shumilina (St. Petersburg); Dmitry Lysenko (settlement Bogorodskoe), Ekaterina Khamukova (Biysk), Abraham Troyan (Braila); Nikolay Kostrikov (station Kumylzhenskaya), Victor Ziegemann (Zimmern), Natalia Seredina (Volgograd);
- What in the villages in ancient times were they put to ripen tomatoes that were not ripe in the garden? (7 letters)
- What did the peasant women plant in the garden, dressing in torn clothes and pulling their hair tightly? (7 letters)
- What was adapted to a pole in Russia to make a garden scarecrow? There is such a quote: “... and a quick-witted woman will raise on a stick and put it in the garden, and start this is to scare the sparrows, and they scatter. " What is it about? (6 letters)
- One of the types of summer agricultural work is fertilization, but what was one of the best fertilizers called in the old days? (6 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 17 (1 260), May 8, 2015
Participants:
Anton Ivanyuk (Kuznetsk), Alexander Stukalin (Kaliningrad), Evgeny Agafonov (Ryazan); Evgeny Kalinin (Bryansk), Nikita Rud (St. Petersburg), Ilya Altman (Moscow); Dmitry Gabelko (Voronezh)(9,000 points), Andrey Erkov (Serpukhov), Rubin Rodin (Moscow);
- What innovation appeared at the parade on May 1, 1925 in Moscow? (8 letters)
- The culmination of the parade on June 24, 1945, was the march of 200 banner-bearers who threw German banners on a special platform at the foot of the Mausoleum. What element of the standard-bearers' uniform was burned after the parade? (8 letters)
- What did the officers of the time of Paul I take with them when going to their daily morning divorce or parade? (7 letters)
- What attribute was used initially by the hussars constantly, and then only at parades and shows? (6 letters)
- The “budenovka” headdress, however, under a different name was developed during the First World War for the parade of victors in Berlin, scheduled for the summer of 1917. As you know, the author of this model was the artist Viktor Vasnetsov, the soldiers at the parade were supposed to represent Russian knights. What was the name of Budenovka? (9 letters)
- What weapons were used at the parade on November 7, 1941 in Moscow by the cavalry, as a parade? In general, this weapon was in service with the Red Army until 1935. (4 letters)
- The Pavlovsk Life Guards regiment had two privileges at parades: to march with rifles at the ready and carry gunshot ... What? (6 letters)
The participant guessed all three words and won the car.
Volume 18 (1 261), May 15, 2015
Participants:
Svetlana Kaurova (Strunino), Irina Fedotova (Veliky Novgorod), Ilya Abaryonov (Zaprudny settlement); Evgeny Tsepelov (Moscow), Nina Pervukhina (settlement Shuvalovo), Olesya Gumbina (Ukhta); Nadezhda Churaeva (Borodinsky settlement), Sergei Sorros (St. Petersburg), Valentina Ivanova (Moscow)(350 points);
- What was the name of the twin brother in the old days? (8 letters)
- What did the word "son-in-law" originally mean? (8 letters)
- As the husband of the daughter used to be called, that is, the son-in-law living with her parents, that is, the man who married his daughter, but remained to live in the house of his wife's parents. What was it called before? (6 letters)
- A plate with what in some provinces did the mother-in-law put on the table, as a sign of special attention and favor to her son-in-law? (6 letters)
- Saint Gregory the Theologian said: "The first marriage is a law, the second is lower than forgiveness for human weakness, the third is a crime, and the fourth is ..."? (9 letters)
- So the people called the aunt, the wife of his own uncle. What was it called? (5 letters)
- There is such a proverb: "One child is a disguised daughter, the other is a narrowed one." Who, according to popular beliefs, is the constricted child? (4 letters)
Issue 19 (1 262), 22 May 2015
Participants:
Yana Friedman (Frankfurt am Main)(3,000 points), Vitaly Avilov (Moscow), Anastasia Prak (Balakirevo settlement); Eleonora Pozhidaeva (Tula), Igor Gerasimov (worker of the settlement of Maina), Julia Kuznetsova (Mytischi); Maria Virvichas (Yaroslavl), Dmitry Skorina (Minsk), Tatiana Canova (Moscow);- What is the name of one of the varieties of the top, common in Russia? (6 letters)
- How was a toy called in the old days, especially in the central provinces of Russia? (7 letters)
- Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl has such a designation for a children's toy, so Vladimir Ivanovich apparently designated it himself, of course he did not invent it, but heard somewhere and wrote it down: "Carrot" or "Turnip gun", "Feather" or "Tube with a piston", which slaps, shoots with a repina or potato cork. What did the kids call it? (7 letters)
- What was the first military toy for the tsar's children? (7 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 20 (1 263), May 29, 2015
Participants:
Svetlana Kalacheva (Nikolskoye village), Yuri Levanov (Nizhny Novgorod), Denis Abzhalilov (Krasnaya Polyana village); Galina Rodionova (Domodedovo), Gennady Kolosov (Kaluga), Valentin Tereshchenko (Lyubertsy); Alena Man (settlement Srednevo)(2,950 points), Lyudmila Starodubtseva (Sevastopol), Nikolay Popov (Arkhangelsk);- Ancient rituals associated with the birch, having become a fun holiday, have come down to our century. Eggs, pies, and especially a loaf decorated with greens were brought on Semik (Thursday before the Trinity) always and everywhere. Part of the food was eaten by breaking the branches on the birch, and part was left over the trees. In Novgorod-Seversky, for example: they left bread and bacon. What was left under a birch in Pereslavl-Zalessky? (8 letters)
- With what in Russian folklore birches were sometimes compared? The quote is as follows: “There is a tree, green blooms, in this tree there are 4 lands: the first is for the sick, the second is for the people. this is, third - light from darkness, birch torch, fourth - decrepit swaddling, old cracked pots were usually fastened with birch bark ”. What is the second - to people ... What? (7 letters)
- In the old days, in order to get rid of a toothache, it was recommended to spread rags with birch tar, circle the cheek 12 times and throw a rag. To whom? (5 letters)
- Whose daughter, according to Polissya beliefs, is a birch? (4 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 21 (1 264), 5 June 2015
Participants:
Oksana Sakharova (Zheleznodorozhny), Vasily Osadchiy (Novokhutornoye village), Ekaterina Veronova (Vladimir city); Tatiana Tuzova (Alanya), Artyom Simonov (Astrakhan), Lyubov Molodykh (village of Donskoe); Valeria Boretskaya (Gabovskoe s / p), Renat Karimov (Grozny), Mikhail Yakovlev (Moscow)(4,300 points);- What element of the urban structure, which first appeared in 1782 in Paris, originally had exclusively sanitary and hygienic significance? (7 letters)
- What hygienic and cosmetic procedure was born several thousand years ago due to the tradition of hand-to-hand combat? (6 letters)
- At the beginning of the 10th century, Russia entered into an agreement on a trade union with Byzantium, there was a separate requirement to provide Russian merchants, not only food, drink and lodging, but also ... and as much as necessary. (4 letters)
- In the 19th century, a young girl had to take care of the frequency, whiteness and satin of her hands. The hands were covered with fresh veal and dipped into what? (6 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 22 (1 265), 11 June 2015
Participants:
Natalia Nikitina (Syktyvkar), Valery Seredenko (Ramenskoye), Tamara Mateeva (Kolchugino); Denis Simukov (Podporozhye), Margarita Vartanyan (Krasnodar), Viktor Mikoshina (settlement Dubovaya Roshcha); Yuri Agafonov (Orekhovo-Zuevo), Lyubov Zhelonkina (Irkutsk)(5 550 points), Alexey Bryndin (St. Petersburg);
- Money was brought to the springs and springs dedicated to St. Paraskeva and thrown directly there, in addition, objects and even towels, sometimes they brought yarn and sheep's wool, and at the same time they shouted like this: “Good girl - for stockings! Matushka Fridays on ... ”What for? (8 letters)
- In Russia, the springs caused by the fall were considered especially sacred. What? (7 letters)
- Katnakhpyurs in Armenian mythology are legendary life-giving holy springs. Such glaciers have a miraculous property - they increase the number of ... What? (6 letters)
- When a spring was found in the old days, it was first of all cleared of rubbish. And what was hung on the tree next to him? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 23 (1 266), 19 June 2015
Participants:
Marina Repkova (Nikopol), Nikolay Koryakin (Lomovka village), Andrey Sazonov (Novoe Devyatkino village); Sergey Mironov (Moscow)(2,400 points), Tatiana Fomicheva (Aleksin), Roman Khamin (Maykop); Svetlana Borodina (Moscow), Rashid Zinnikov (v. Tatarskaya Pishlya), Nikolay Gulvansky (Sugrut city);- What kind of cooper's utensils with a long nose in the old days was the riddle "In our house there is a nosed guest"? (8 letters)
- Since ancient times, tubs, barrels and other cooperage products have been used as measures. What was the name of a measure of milk bread in half a tub in Russia? (8 letters)
- The barrel can be put, put down, can be rolled. What kind of cooper product cannot be put? It can be in a standing position, for which it was called a stand-up vessel. (5 letters)
- According to scientists, the first barrels appeared in Mesopotamia almost 4,000 years ago. And what were they for? (5 letters)
- What is Dahl's name for the three-legged tub under the washstand? (9 letters)
- The main measure of volume in Russia is the caddy or barrel, sometimes the top of the caddy was covered with a metal hoop so that it could not be cut off, that is, to cut off the top and release it for the same fee less grain. What was the name of such a kadi? (4 letters)
- How else in Russia was the master of the cooper called? (5 letters)
Issue 24 (1 267), June 26, 2015
Participants:
Lydia Petrunina (Murom), Dmitry Novozhilov (Moscow), Igor Savintsev (Togliatti); Nadezhda Garmashova (Lytkarino)(2,600 points), Vitaly Malinov (Cheboksary), Lyubov Khramovicheva (Pervomaisky settlement); Alla Zinkova (Saratov), Pavel Popov (Samara), Maxim Tatarov (Mirny);- In the 19th century, what did the passengers on board have to present when boarding a steamer, besides tickets, especially on transatlantic flights? (8 letters)
- What is the difference between the Odessa bindyuzhnik and other port loaders? (6 letters)
- What did a sailor have the right to wear after that, as he rounded the Cape of Good Hope? Thanks to this, in all port taverns, he had the right to one free glass of alcohol, as well as to put his feet on the table with impunity. (6 letters)
- What word, what concept arose as a result of the custom that existed in Italy in the XIV century - to detain on a raid for 40 days ships that came from countries where there was a plague? (8 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Release 25 (1 268), 31 July 2015
Participants:
Gennady Khazanov, Ekaterina Andreeva, Yuri Vyazemsky; Vladimir Vinokur, Elena Malysheva, Dmitry Dibrov; Alexey Buldakov, Zarifa Mgoyan (Zara), Arkady Inin(7,000 points);- What is the name of the festive delicacy common in Russia, which, in particular, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich sent as a present to his bride Natalya Naryshkina? (8 letters)
- In the second half of the 19th century, 2,000 people attended the big balls in the Winter Palace. What was the name of the official invitation to the palace to participate in the ceremonies? (8 letters)
- At the beginning of the 19th century, there was a custom in Russia to invite guests to some central dish. What dish did Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin invite guests to? (8 letters)
- In the old days, what was the respect for the owner of the house expressed during the meal? (8 letters)
The super game was not held.
Issue 26 (1 269), 4 September 2015
Participants:
Galina Polyakova (Kovrov), Andrey Grazhdankin (Moscow), Innarya Supkhankulova (city of Voysk); Irina Vager (settlement Tevriz), Igor Kravtsov (Uralsk), Zinaida Kurach (Ramenskoe); Vera Kurbakova (settlement Krasnye Tkachi), Vasily Kasyanov (Arkhangelsk)(6 100 points), Marina Nautran (St. Petersburg);
- Buckwheat has always been considered the most revered of cereals. Buckwheat has always enjoyed special respect among the Russian people. What did the Russians call it? (7 letters)
- For porridge, not only grain in the form of cereals is suitable, but also flour. Previously, milk or butter was added, and porridge was obtained. What was the popular name for this porridge? (8 letters)
- What was the name of the liquid porridge to the main grain, to which the peas were added? (8 letters)
- In Russia, porridge has always been the most common hot food in the army, especially in field conditions. The soldiers themselves gave some porridge specific names. What was the name of pearl barley porridge in a soldier's environment? (8 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 27 (1 270), September 11, 2015
Participants:
Yuri Martirosov (Moscow), Olga Kharitonova (Strunino), Sogdiana Pyasetskaya (Povarovo settlement)(2 300 points); Anatoly Topyrkin (Mozhga), Anastasia Kovalenko (Shchelkovo), Ruben Poteev (St. Petersburg); Nina Pashekhontseva (Moscow), Vera Sukhova (Putyatino village), Marina Chilova (Nartkala town);
- What in some countries do metallurgists get for being harmful instead of milk? (8 letters)
- In one ancient Indian treatise it was said: "The property of improving vision is attributed to dishes made of gold, the property of improving the eyesight, of bronze - to promote the development of the mind, of iron - to treat jaundice." And what does silverware treat? (6 letters)
- One of the most important, according to alchemists, the process for obtaining gold was the combination of sulfur and mercury. The yellow sulfur brought color and hardness with it, and the silvery mercury brought a metallic luster and heaviness. What did they call the process of combining sulfur and mercury? (7 letters)
- What semi-metal of the 17th century is included in the diet of the inhabitants of the Austrian province of Styria? (6 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 28 (1 271), 18 September 2015
Participants:
Oleg Moteev (Balashikha), Natalia Torokhova (Strunino), Alexandra Wait (Chelyabinsk); Igor Kostrovin (Labytnangi), Arina Rostovskaya (St. Petersburg), Nikolay Kabichkin (Yangier); Pavel Seredenko (Ramenskoye), Tatiana Kosheleva (Sochi)(2 350 points), Kirim Krymov (Brykovye Gory settlement);
- What was the name of newly emerging rural settlements in Russia until the 20th century? (7 letters)
- What was the name of a village, a large settlement or a farm in the old days? (8 letters)
- In the 15th century, artisans from Novgorod were invited to Moscow, who named the place where they were settled in honor of their native street in Novgorod. What was the name and is still called this place? (7 letters)
- What was the name of the settlement, village, kuren among the western and southern Slavs? (4 letters)
- What was the name of the suburb, the posad in Russia, what is enclosed by the outer ring of the city walls? (7 letters)
- What was the name of the German settlement in Moscow, where the foreigners lived? According to one version, the word comes from the name of the place for games in honor of Kupala, which were organized and loved by Russians and foreigners. (5 letters)
- So, according to Vladimir Dal, a small village, a village, a village is called in the Novgorod province. (4 letters)
The participant guessed the horizontal word, but the other two could not.
Issue 29 (1 272), 25 September 2015
Participants:
Elmira Gultyaeva (St. Petersburg), Pavel Kozlov (Moscow), Sergey Egorov (Alexandrov city); Tamara Kabzar (Evpatoria), Irina Maksimova (Suzdal), Sergey Isaev (Bogoroditsk)(1,850 points); Oleg Komarov (Domodedovo), Artur Zapunyan (Dagomys settlement), Ilona Dilbaryan (Moscow);
- What was the name of the shirt front, which the Russians put on their shirts for big holidays? (8 letters)
- Dahl wrote that the brides at the wedding braided a braid in two, twisted around their heads and put on a kokoshnik. What was the name of the girl who got married without the permission of her parents? (10 letters)
- What fashion shoes, which came to the village from the city at the end of the 19th century, did young women and guys, dandies from wealthy families, wear in any weather and only on major holidays? What are you talking about? (6 letters)
- What kind of footwear Empress Anna Ioannovna was allowed to wear to the ladies of the court for a ceremonial dress? (7 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 30 (1 273), October 2, 2015
Participants:
Artyom Vasilenko (Krasnodar), Snezhana Zakharova (Tyumen), Vladimir Utkin (Novaya village); Roman Tikhomirov (settlement Leninsky), Natalia Tenkova (Moscow), Ekaterina Gorchakova (Syktyvkar); Andrey Brik (Moscow), Larisa Nogovitsyna (Izhevsk), Semurlakh Akhizmilov (Klichkhan village)(4,450 points);- The main snack for vodka is pickled cucumber, pickled mushroom, sauerkraut. What meat product is traditionally marinated for beer in the Czech Republic? (9 letters)
- How were the first cans of canned food opened? On a can of veal roast of 1824 was the following inscription: "Open with something, cutting through the top lid along the perimeter." (6 letters)
- In Russia, canned food took root badly, the food was unusual, the first factory for the production of canned food was set up only in 1870. Where were the tests of the new product, canned food, carried out? (6 letters)
- Russia has long been famous for salted mushrooms and they were served to the tsar's table and exported to Europe. In what valuable and famous mushrooms were salted and preserved? (7 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 31 (1 274), October 9, 2015
Participants:
Timofey Likhanov (Angarsk), Ksenia Goryacheva (Vereika village), Artak Vesrapyan (Sochi); Igor Latyshko (St. Petersburg)(3,000 points), Irina Alyoshkina (Moscow), Valentin Sarksyan (Vanadzor); Oleg Kharitonov (Verkhnyaya Pyshma), Nadezhda Molchanova (Veliky Novgorod), Denis Ustyuzhanin (Balashikha);
- What was the name of the St. Petersburg Sytny market earlier due to the fact that there they sold hot food in taverns, from stalls and to the delivery? (7 letters)
- What was the name of an official in Ancient Athens who observed that sellers in the markets used only the weights and measures established by the law? (8 letters)
- In the 16th-18th centuries, fortune-tellers could be found at the fairgrounds and market squares who predicted a happy marriage, unexpected wealth, an imminent inheritance and other happy and incredible events in life. What were they guessing at? (6 letters)
- What first appeared in Russia at the Nizhny Novgorod fair in the middle of the 19th century? (6 letters)
- Sometimes bazaars were timed to coincide with holidays, for example: a Christmas fair - for Christmas, a willow fair - for Palm Sunday. What was the name of the fair that opened in the third week before Lent? (8 letters)
- For what on the holiday of St. Nicholas Winter (December 19, new style) prices were set at bazaars and fairs? (4 letters)
- What was the name of a wooden stick with notches about 50 cm long and about 4 cm in diameter in bazaars, on which the loaned goods were counted? (3 letters)
The participant did not guess the horizontal and two vertical words.
Issue 32 (1 275), October 16, 2015
Participants:
Nadezhda Agafonova (Bogoroditsk), Elena Lysenko (Tikhoretsk)(1,300 points), Pavel Ukhanov (Lyubertsy); Elena Polskaya (Moscow), Lyudmila Plyusnina (Syktyvkar), Vladislav Ermoshin (Astrakhan); Alexandra Fox (St. Petersburg), Victor Parakhnyan (Syktyvkar), Mikhail Kochereshko (Podstyopki village);
- What was the name of a pair of oxen or horses harnessed in one harness in the old days? (7 letters)
- As we know, the house has a quiet, kind spirit, which was called Dymova. Dymovoy was responsible, as it were, for a person. Who in the house was in charge of the cattle? (8 letters)
- Having won the victory, the ancient Roman commander entered the city and sacrificed a bull. What was the name of the celebration in Rome when the sheep was sacrificed? (6 letters)
- For the annunciation, salt was burned in the oven. With this salt, considered to be healing, small buns were baked, intended for the treatment of livestock. What was the name of this bun? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Volume 33 (1 276), October 23, 2015
Participants:
Clara Kozhneva (Balakovo), Nadezhda Andreeva (Novocheboksarsk)(800 points), Daniil Muzhinsky (Kasimov); Taisiya Pavenskaya (St. Petersburg), Maria Konovalova (Tula), Sergey Kanushkin (Lyubertsy); Felix Shilutsky (New York), Julia Korochkina (Serpukhov), Igor Kryukov (Yaroslavl);
- What word comes from the name of the ancient Roman courtyard, built in honor of the goddess-keeper of the hearth and the entrance to the dwelling? (9 letters)
- The floor of the hut was considered a dangerous and gloomy place. What did the peasants never put on the floor? (8 letters)
- Next to the bedroom in the Russian house there was always a room where women combed their hair and tidied it up. What was the name of such a room? (7 letters)
- What decorative element of the hut served to protect against evil spirits, evil eye and other troubles? (8 letters)
- What was the name of the small depression in the corner of the stove, where the burning torch and resin were placed? (7 letters)
- In the old days, the bed was placed with the headboard against the wall. In the direction of what footstool? (4 letters)
- European borrowing. What was the name of the floor in Russia? (5 letters)
The participant guessed the horizontal word, but the other two could not.
Volume 34 (1 277), October 30, 2015
Participants:
Fazyl Shiapov (Zainsk), Elza Kasimova (Kumertau), Nikolay Peresadin (Lugansk); Matvey Krivolapov (settlement Chashnikovo), Tatiana Zhuchkova (Tula), Evgeny Sarychkin (s. Orda); Mikhail Alubaev (Konstantinovsk), Maria Zaporozhskaya (Osokino village)(900 points), Yuri Kornoukhov (Kulakovo village);
- With the help of what signs were carved on the cuneiform tablets of Basil and Babylon? (8 letters)
- What is the name of a person in banking who permanently resides in the territory of the state for more than half of the past year, that is, 183 days or more? (8 letters)
- What is the name of the macaque monkey that lives in Southeast Asia and India? (5 letters)
- What is the name of a joke aimed at fooling, embarrassing a person? (8 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 35 (1 278), 6 November 2015
Participants:
Oleg Vostroknutov (Mirny), Tatiana Chernykh (Mikhnevo settlement), Irina Pinaevskaya (Verkhovazhye village) (no winner); Saltanat Ismagulova (Uralsk)(8,900 points), Mikhail Bykov (Vologda), Alexander Khokhlov (Komi Republic); Larisa Nikitina (Moscow), Natalia Kazakova (village Khlopovo), Stanislav Tatarnikov (village Kraskovo);
- What did the ancient Chinese etiquette prescribe to chew before addressing the emperor? (8 letters)
- What, at that time, exclusively female headdress should married ladies wear at the ball? (5 letters)
- The only dish that in Russia was allowed to be eaten on the street was considered bad form ... What? (5 letters)
- What article of clothing for women of the 18th-19th centuries? was it indecent to wear, even if it was not visible? (9 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Volume 36 (1 279), November 13, 2015
Participants:
Alexey Eremchuk (Kemerovo), Victor Baum (Bremen), Julia Chernyaeva (Strunino)(7,000 points); Victoria Sarmina (St. Petersburg), Sergey Prischepa (v. Mikhailovka), Albina Askarova (v. Panaevsk); Alexander Simonov (Ryazan), Rozaliya Koval (the village of Synkovo), Boris Ivanova (Istra);
- There were several techniques in the Russian dance: a step, crackers, knees, and a shot. What else? (8 letters)
- What was the conductor of the orchestra before the prominent German composer Karl Weber began using the baton at the beginning of the 19th century? (6 letters)
- One of the oldest musical instruments in Russia. The first mention, which occurs in 1096. (7 letters)
- What, according to Gogol, were balalaikas made in the south of Russia? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Volume 37 (1 280), 20 November 2015
Participants:
Lyubov Bukhova (Ryazan), Lyubov Belyaeva (Pochora), Eduard Shipov (Alexandrov city)(9,000 points); Arsu Kerimova (settlement Severoonezhsk), Alexander Skvortsov (Kolchugino), Artyom Avakimov (Krasnodar); Zinaida Shudrik (local Svoboda), Tatiana Shabrova (Moscow), Vladimir Tykunov (Bogolyubovo settlement) (no winner);
- What was the name of the reserved, impenetrable forest in the old days? They say that it is precisely this word, according to one of the versions, that the name of one city near Moscow Zaraysk occurs and this word is found in the literature. (6 letters)
- What was the name of the forest with twisted trees in Mother Russia? They say that such a forest, for example, was now on the Curonian dew. (6 letters)
- How in the old days, which is found in the dictionary of Vladimir Dahl, was called a forest crook, a thick rhizome, a club? (5 letters)
- How were impassable places called in the Smolensk region? It rarely happens, but this is plural word. (4 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 38 (1 281), November 27, 2015
Participants:
Asya Shilova (Tomsk), Alexey Toropov (Ust-Tsilma village), Zareta Davletukayeva (Grozny); Alexander Anokelov (Bataysk)(4,550 points), Anastasia Babintseva (St. Petersburg), Vasily Simonov (Alexandrov); Maria Berezina (village of Turdaki), Denis Kurbakov (Kubinka settlement), Yuri Matvienko (village Beautiful fairy tale);
- What word, in the old days, meant a person interested in a hunter, going somewhere? (6 letters)
- What was the name of the bear trap used by the Trans-Baikal hunters? (7 letters)
- What is the name of the trap used in Siberia and the Far East in animal hunting? (6 letters)
- An Eskimo hunter once told a writer, an outstanding ethnographer, an expert on the north, Vladimir Bogoraz, this is what he said: “You think that we do not kill seals and walruses, and it almost happened!”. Who? (7 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 39 (1 282), December 4, 2015
Participants:
Galina Chernyakova (Torzhok), Alexander Klitschko (Omsk), Natalia Zhuravleva (Zhukovsky); Nikolay Sgerya (Yuzhnoye village)(2,200 points), Galina Bemmakh (Vetlyanka village), Natalya Palkina (Zhukovka town); Alexander Yashchenko (Moscow), Lyudmila Eresko (Krasnodar), Svetlana Kamyshova (Yaroslavl);
- What did the river workers call the pusher tugs in jargon? In earlier times, there were some amazingly assigned names to these tugs, and this is where the name came from. (8 letters)
- What invention of the ancient Egyptians allowed them to increase the speed of their boats? (8 letters)
- What was the name of the crew quarters on the Novgorod ships in the XII-XV centuries? (6 letters)
- What word in Russian comes from the name of the boats, which the Zaporozhye Cossacks once made robber raids? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Volume 40 (1 283), December 11, 2015
Participants:
Ksenia Dobolatova (Lyubertsy), Galina Kutas (Minsk), Evgeny Kotikov (village of Ratovo); Irina Mikhailovskaya (Kaliningrad), Vladimir Tarubarov (Moscow), Tatiana Zavuschak (Pyt-Yakh)(3,150 points); Olga Shutenko (Gatchina), Roman Kholofyan (Moscow), Victor Litao (Lüdinghausen);
- According to the myths of ancient Greece, Apollo often spent his time on this mountain, it was also the seat of nine muses. What kind of grief are we talking about? (6 letters)
- On the western edge of the valley of the Bely Iyus river, not far from the capital of Khakassia, the city of Abakan, there is a mountain range, this place has several names: "Mountains of Happiness", "Mountains of Khokho-Babai". The last name comes from the name of the hero Khokho-Babai, who guarded the valley. The ridge got another name from the northernmost mountain at the top, where there is a rock in the form of a cube and this outline is very similar to ... What? (6 letters)
- Allegedly, the spirit of the black lives in the gorges of impassable mountains ... Whom? The spirit does not just catch fear, but is said to be able to cut the rope. This is a legend. What is it about? (9 letters)
- In the Alps there is a small town called Serfaus, the small town is famous not only for its magnificent ski resort, but also for something else. What is it about? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Volume 41 (1 284), December 18, 2015
Participants:
Elena Shcherbakova (Engels), Denis Smirnov (Veliky Novgorod), Lyudmila Gurpalova (Moscow); Oleg Dmitrenyuk (Kostroma), Snezhana Zakharova (Tyumen), Ekaterina Pishchulina (Odintsovo); Andrey Rudenok (Dedovsk), Iraida Makshanova (Pavlovsky Posad)(800 points), Tatiana Abrosimova (Volgodonsk);
- In Finland, in the old days, brides had to collect their own dowry on their own. To do this, they went into every house and asked for something to submit. What did the bride have the right to throw into the pot of porridge for the owners if they were greedy? (6 letters)
- The people of the island of Borneo respect a very unusual wedding tradition, so it has been for many, many years in a row, the tradition says that newlyweds are not allowed to attend for the first three days after the wedding. What? (6 letters)
- At the bridegroom, not only the groom's relatives could refuse the bride, the bride's relatives could also refuse the groom. Where, in this case, was the bride supposed to go? (5 letters)
- In Ukraine, such a custom was once adopted: a pumpkin - a harmelon - was brought out to a very nasty groom. What were the matchmakers dissatisfied with closing the door so that the girl would never marry, and never? (5 letters)
- Vasily Pukirev's painting "Unequal Marriage" was painted in 1862 if Pukirev was French. What would he call this picture? (9 letters)
- In Nigeria, if a girl before the wedding does not gain weight properly, she will be returned to her parents' house, and no matter how hard it is for her, the beginning of family life for her necessarily symbolizes the jumps through the groom together ... What? (5 letters)
- In Russia, in the midst of a bachelor party, peddlers, that is, friends of the bride and her relatives, came and brought a dowry. That the groom passed on with them to his bride? (5 letters)
The participant did not guess the horizontal and two vertical words.
Issue 42 (1 285), December 25, 2015
Participants:
Natalia Bespalova (settlement Shakhovskaya), Alexander Kurdyumov (Moscow), Ekaterina Nuzhdova (Nikolsk); Yuri Kuchin (Yaroslavl), Zinaida Baratova (Pyatigorsk), Vladimir Oparin (Perm)(3,200 points); Olga Shmalenyuk (Shatura), Nikolay Chuev (Moscow), Valentina Storozhevykh (St. Petersburg);
- At the end of the 19th century, James Wide worked on the railway tracks of the Port of Cape Town, he once lost both legs as a result of an accident. He bought a baboon from the market, which he trained to carry on a cart between the hut and the signal booth, and also helped him with his work. Whose duties did this baboon learn to perform? (10 letters)
- According to a belief in Thailand, once upon a time, a monkey army helped the god Rami to cope with the onslaught of enemies, so every year the inhabitants of Thailand thank their monkeys. What is the form of gratitude? What are they doing in honor of the monkeys? (6 letters)
- Several centuries ago, the people of Nama living in Africa attracted especially gifted baboons to work. Who did they use these monkeys as? (6 letters)
- Monkeys can be envied because they never have ... What? (8 letters)
- What did the image of a monkey with an apple in its mouth symbolize in the Middle Ages? (12 letters)
- Is a mirror test used to test for animal self-awareness? put paints in two marks: one is visible in the only way, and the other only through the mirror. The animal must demonstrate skill in using a mirror. All surviving primates, some species of dolphins and, along with monkeys, the only non-mammal passed this test. Who? (6 letters)
- If a monkey yawns, then most likely it is tired and wants to become, but sometimes the yawning of monkeys means something completely different. What exactly? (6 letters)
The participant did not guess the horizontal and two vertical words.
Volume 43 (1 286), December 30, 2015
Participants:
Vitaly Oleinikov, Ekaterina Oreshnikova(2 800 points), Evgeny Dorogaykin; Dzerassa Kabulova (Khimki), Andrey Povolotsky (Kovalevka settlement), Irina Golushko (Smolensk); Shanava Shanavazov (Makhachkala), Elizaveta Wolf (Komsomolsk-on-Amur), Alexander Rozhkov (St. Petersburg);
- After the eruption of Montagne Pele volcano on the island of Martinique in the West Indies in 1902, only two people survived: a shoemaker who lived on the edge of the island, and another ... Who? (11 letters)
- "I love a thunderstorm in early May, when the first thunder ..." - this is how Tyutchev's poem "Spring Thunderstorm" begins. At the end of it, the culprit of the unraveling elements is mentioned - the goddess Hebe. What did she symbolize among the ancient Greeks? (9 letters)
- Before the flood, God told Noah to build an ark. 300 cm - length, 50 cm - width, height - 40 cm. What was measured? The minimum size is 44.5 cm, if the longest is 55.2 cm. How was Noah's ark measured? (6 letters)
- In 1931, in Mississippi, a tornado lifted 83 tons and moved it 24 meters. What did he lift on the Mississippi? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
SIMOOM
SIMOOM
(arab. poisonous wind, from samm - poison). A hot, deadly wind blowing in the northwest. Africa, Syria, Arabia and northeastern India.
Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language.- Chudinov A.N., 1910 .
SIMOOM
Arab. samum, from samma to poison, from samm, poison. A hot, choking wind accompanied by a violent hurricane.
An explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots. - Mikhelson A.D., 1865 .
SIMOOM
a destructive sultry wind blowing during the equinox in the steppes of Arabia and Africa.
Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language - Pavlenkov F., 1907 .
SIMOOM
a sultry and stifling wind blowing from the northeast in the African and Arabian steppes during the equinox.
A complete dictionary of foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language. - Popov M., 1907 .
Simoom
samuma, m. [arab. samum]. Sandy whirlwind, sultry southwestern dry wind in the deserts of Africa and western Asia.
A large dictionary of foreign words. - Publishing house "IDDK", 2007 .
Synonyms:
See what "SAMUM" is in other dictionaries:
- (Arabic سموم (samūm); sultry wind) dry hot local winds. Samum is observed in the deserts of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula and most often has a western and southwestern direction. Mostly in spring and summer. Such a wind ... ... Wikipedia
- (Arabic) the name of the dry hot wind in the deserts of the North. Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Samum is often accompanied by sandstorms ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Cm … Synonym dictionary
simoom- (wrong samum) ... Dictionary of pronunciation and stress difficulties in modern Russian
SAMUM, samuma, husband. (Arabic samum). Sandy whirlwind, sultry southwest. dry wind in the deserts of Africa and west. Asia. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
SAMUM, ah, husband. A dry, sultry desert wind blowing in a squall and forming sandy whirlwinds. | adj. crazy, oh, oh. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
simoom- fire-jet (Bryusov) Epithets of literary Russian speech. M: Supplier of the court of His Majesty, the partnership of the Quick Press A. A. Levenson. A. L. Zelenetsky. 1913 ... Dictionary of epithets
simoom- sandstorm - Topics oil and gas industry Synonyms sandstorm EN dust storm ... Technical translator's guide
simoom- Dry hot and dusty wind in the Sahara, the Middle East and the deserts of Arabia ... Geography Dictionary
A; m. [arab. samum] In the deserts of Arabia and North Africa: dry, sultry wind, carrying sand and dust. ◁ Reckless, oh, oh. With th storm. S. squall. * * * Samum (Arabic), the name of a dry hot wind in the deserts of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Samum, Sergey Dyachenko, Marina Dyachenko. Vona is a bitter vidma-adventurer, to enchant and know the reason for that time, to protect only a penny. Vin is a demon who possessed her ...
Sahara was blooming
The word "Sahara" conjures up the image of a sultry desert - this vast sandy ocean in the minds of people. Most of us imagine boundless sands, and above them - the scorching sun. Even in the name itself, it seems like a drying wind, because its name comes from the Arabic word "sahra" - "reddish". The world's largest desert stretches across the entire north of Africa and occupies one quarter of the entire African continent. The life of a number of African countries (Mali, Libya, Niger, Chad, Morocco, Tunisia) is associated with this desert, and four-fifths of the territory of Algeria is the Sahara.
Starting on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, it stretches for thousands of kilometers to the east - to the Nile itself. Seven thousand square kilometers is the area of almost all of Europe, but even now the desert is inexorably expanding its space.
Meanwhile, dry valleys, high-mountain plateaus, and mountain gorges open up from a bird's eye view ... In some places, there is Mediterranean vegetation: cypresses, pistachio and olive trees. Now all this is well studied, and in the footsteps of the remaining cultures, one can tell about the climate that was here before.
Sahara is the world's largest desert
Humanity accumulated information about the Sahara and its knowledge about it very slowly. It seems strange, because around the Sahara there are countries with ancient civilizations, in which many scientists lived. Even the outstanding German naturalist and geographer Alexander von Humboldt, in the middle of the 19th century, believed that the Sahara was the greatest sandy sea that stretches all the way to India.
In our century, scientists first started talking about the connection between works of art and paleography. This happened after the discovery of the famous polychrome frescoes at Tassili Ajer in the Sahara. Some scattered finds date back to the beginning of our century, and in 1933 a whole rock gallery was accidentally discovered by an officer of the French colonial troops Brenand. Soon the first groups of scientists arrived here, and research began, which was carried out for several decades. The study of rock art has shed light on the history of the Sahara over the past millennia.
The very fact of the existence of drawings in the desert suggests that the natural conditions of the Sahara were previously different. The perfectly preserved images seem to indicate that the climate was dry and perfectly prevented active weathering. The characteristic patina covering the drawings indicates their antiquity. In addition, these rock carvings have provided scientists with very valuable environmental data. The most ancient frescoes depict the animals around man, which are found only where heavy rains fall, and the ground is covered with dense vegetation. So, for example, for the life of some animals the conditions of the savanna were required, for others - the semi-desert. The bulls depicted in many could only live in meadows in the very heart of the Sahara, and rivers and lakes were needed for crocodiles and hippos.
The rock art of the Sahara is a real storehouse of information that gives clear ideas about the ancient population of the Sahara, about the various tribes and nomads who brought with them an influence alien to the local population. These pictures show how the climate and fauna of the Great Desert changed.
After research by scientists, the Sahara appeared as a vast, once green plain that fed giraffes and buffaloes (and now they have survived only in Egypt), elephants, ostriches and antelopes. Rhinos inhabited dense palm groves, and lions roamed there. Scientists have convincingly proved that the Sahara once possessed steppe flora and fauna, but lost them. And this loss occurred long before the first historical information about this appeared. Two or three thousand years ago, it was less drained than it is now. But drought and increased heat forced many animals to go to the savannah, where they almost all live to this day.
The Arabian historian of the 1st century El-Bekri described the city of Hama, located four hundred kilometers west of Timbuktu, as a flourishing agricultural area. Now this place is probably one of the most deserted in Mauritania.
Seventy years ago, the city of Luga in Senegal was considered the main center for the production of peanuts. Now, under the scorching breath of the sands, it seemed to wither, and the center of peanut production moved to the city of Kaolak.
The fact that these lands were really blooming is known from many historical facts. In ancient times, almost everywhere (with the exception of some zones), the climate was more humid than it is now. For a long time, a humid climate prevailed throughout the arid (now!) Belt, stretching from western Africa to Rajasthan in northwestern India. Even in the dry center of today's Sahara, the annual rainfall was 250-400 milliliters per year (now only six milliliters). The level of Lake Chad was forty meters higher than the current one, and the lake itself reached the size of the Caspian Sea. On the site of the Sahara in the distant, distant past, there was a blossoming garden, and it "turned green like Normandy." Nowadays, the humidity in the Sahara is insignificant, in addition, the wind intensifies evaporation, dries and burns plants, distills sand and thereby destroys plants, preventing them from developing.
So the great Sahara - this now pernicious, infinite space - was not at all barren. People lived and worked here, they grew crops of fruits and cereals. During the winter (!), Moisture accumulated in the lowlands, and the peasants managed to use it to harvest before the sun burnt out the soil. Until now, in Algerian bazaars, you can see all the variety of the gifts of the desert - an abundance of lemons, oranges, almonds and other fruits. And among other things, carrots are striking in their extraordinary size - two pieces per kilogram.
Around 1000 BC NS. The Sahara gradually began to acquire its present appearance, from century to century the desert spread further and further. The rich and lush vegetation of Tassili-Ajer was replaced by lean bushes, which the locals call talha.
The main factor in the Sahara is the climate, as it is least controllable. With the help of irrigation and protective barriers, it can be slightly improved, but it cannot be completely changed. However, at one time it was believed that the cause of the emergence of the Sahara was precisely some climate change. True, it is now known that this region has become a desert not so much because of the changed climate, but because of human activity. And it happened when the tribes of hunters were replaced by nomadic shepherds. It would seem that cattle breeding should not have affected the appearance of the planet, because pastoralists do not plow the land. They do not replace one vegetation cover with another, do not burn forests in order to obtain a place for arable land. They can graze livestock in places that are not suitable for farming.
But it seems so only at first glance. People roamed the once blooming Sahara with huge herds. Animals not only ate vegetation, but also trampled it down, destroyed the vegetation cover, which over time began to lose its strength. The turf became so weak that it could no longer hold the sand. And he advanced more and more, turning the flourishing lands into barren deserts. Scientists estimate that forty thousand hectares of sand are turned into a desert every year.
This, of course, is just one of the reasons the sands keep on advancing. There are others. For example, on the fertile lands in Algeria for a long time there was a rapid construction of industrial enterprises, housing, roads were laid. True, they caught on in time and introduced a strict account of the plots allocated for all types of construction.
The aridity characteristic of today's Sahara is no longer found in any other desert in the world. Kalahari, Arabia, Central Asian deserts, Australia - they are all more humid. The most lifeless even in the Sahara itself is Tenezruft - one of the hottest and driest regions on the globe. The indigenous population calls Tenezruft "the land of heat and thirst." In this abandoned area, where the heat reaches + 50 ° C, not a single blade of grass grows. There are not even insects. All around is scorched earth, the temperature of the sand is + 70 ° C, and it is impossible to walk on it with bare feet.
For a long time, the Sahara seemed to have been forgotten by God and people. Only caravans of nomads plowed its endless expanses, carrying dates and salt on humped camels. Merchants and merchants equipped the caravans, took with them guides who could navigate by the stars, and stocked up food for six months. During the long journey, water reserves were replenished in rare oases, and therefore water sometimes became more expensive than gold.
As a rule, a caravan consisted of 300-400 camels and many mules, but it could also consist of a thousand camels. This depended solely on how many camels and other animals could be watered from wells along the way. Lack of water turned into inevitable death. So, for example, in 1805 a huge caravan died between Timbuktu and Taudenni. In the deadly embrace of the desert, 2,000 people and 1,800 camels remained.
The sand in the Sahara does not lie in an even veil, but forms long sandy hills that stretch in endless rows. It is very shallow and loose, and even at the slightest breeze it covers up the traveler's tracks. A stronger wind drives the sand far ahead and pours it in long ridges. Such places look like the sea, covered with motionless waves, frozen in one position. But their immobility is apparent. The wind drives grains of sand in front of it, and these hills, albeit slowly, but constantly move from place to place. In the sun they sparkle now with reddish, now golden light, and between them they turn blue, then blacken the hollows separating them.
But sometimes the sand comes to life. It begins to move, gather in one place and form huge sandy pillars. These pillars move, whirling through the desert now quickly, now slowly. When they are illuminated by the sun, they appear to be fiery. The strong wind that drives these pillars sometimes divides one pillar into two, or else connects several into one huge one, reaching almost to the clouds. These pillars are called tornadoes, and woe to the caravan if such a tornado overtakes it.
But even if the tornado passes by, the danger for the caravan has not yet passed, because behind the tornado, a samum usually begins to blow - a sultry wind. It is born in a giant frying pan of the hottest desert, and here, the strongest eddies arise from temperature changes. The withering power of the samum is felt even in Europe. Sometimes it blows with the force of a real storm, sometimes it is even barely noticeable, but it is always burning and causes great suffering to people.
Long before the Samum, the inhabitants of the Sahara guess its approach. It begins with a subtle movement of air, which becomes heavy and suffocating. The sky is covered with a light grayish or reddish fog. The heat increases with each passing hour. People complain and moan, because even a light touch of the breeze is very burning, causes severe headaches and weakness, and generally makes a person feel bored. Gradually gusts of wind become stronger and sharper, finally merge into a continuous whirlwind, and in a few minutes a real sandstorm is already raging around. The wind whistles and roars, raises clouds of sand, the stuffiness becomes unbearable, the body is drenched in sweat, but almost immediately dries up. The lips crack and bleed, the tongue seems to be filled with lead. Then the skin cracks, and the burning wind inflicts fine hot sand into the wounds and thus further increases the suffering of a person.
Even wild animals at the onset of a sandstorm become fearful, and camels become restless and stubborn, crowded together, refuse to go forward and even lie down on the ground. But a camel is for a desert inhabitant, like a horse for a Russian peasant, is a true friend. No wonder they came up with many affectionate names for him, glorified him in fairy tales, myths and legends. An Arabic proverb says: “Allah created man from clay. After what he had done, he had two pieces of clay left. From one he created a camel ... ”The Prophet Muhammad, like his father, was a camel shepherd and a guide of caravans. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Qur'an speaks of the camel as the main wealth of a Muslim. Sometimes, however, they mention the stupid and arrogant disposition of the camel, but this favorite of Allah is not stupid, but proud. Because he knows the hundredth name of Allah, not known even to people. Mohammed told his adherents 99 of his names, and the last whispered in the ear of the camel in gratitude for the fact that he saved him in difficult times - carried him away from his enemies.
The camel is ingeniously adapted to withstand heat and dryness. His hump is a piggy bank of fat for the worst times. If the fat of a camel were evenly distributed throughout the body, this would make it difficult for him to cool. His stomach consists of three sections and holds 250 liters, he feeds on the rough, tough vegetation of the desert. And this animal also has unusually wide hooves, as if specially adapted for walking on the sands.
But one cannot assume that there is nothing pleasant in the desert, because "... from another piece of clay, Allah created a date palm." The date palm is everything for the desert dweller. Its fruits serve as his main food; in the past he used to pay taxes to his bosses with them. From a tall, straight trunk of a tree, he makes his buildings and utensils; from the fibers of the bark weaves ropes and ropes, from large feathery leaves - mats, brooms, brooms. Only in the desert can you appreciate all the benefits that the date palm brings.
The Arabs claim that dates are “fingers of light and honey”, “bread of the desert”. The date tree has adapted better than other plants to the conditions of the Sahara. It grows on any soil, even if its salinity exceeds twelve grams per liter of water, it is not afraid of a sharp temperature drop - from + 50 ° to -10 ° Celsius. The flowering time for most types of date palm is from mid-March to mid-April, the harvest is taken from July to November.
And although the date palm is quite unpretentious, it is not so easy to grow it. Strange as it may seem, the peasants all the time have to deal with the drainage of the soil around the date palm, because the underground waters ruin it. But the results of their work surpass any praise: about fifty varieties of date palm (out of 96 species in the world) have taken root here ...
The date palm has become a kind of fetish: "to cut down a palm" means "to kill." And when the owner of a tree that has already dried up takes an ax in his hands, he is often persuaded not to do it - various arguments are given to justify the "infertile culprit." This ceremony is called "reasoning" of the palm tree. The owner seems to let himself be convinced and, knocking several times with his butt on its dry trunk, turns to the tree with a "last warning." Indeed, oh, how difficult it is to raise a hand against an old friend!
The date palm is man's sister, the camel is his brother. Without them, a person would hardly have survived in the desert, which Allah created, so that a person could rest in it and wander calmly alone.
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How to Build a Landing Page with WordPress from Scratch
A landing page is a web page designed primarily to capture a visitor's attention and their details - like an email address - via a lead form. They are designed to target a specific audience depending on the product you are marketing.
A landing page can also be a squeeze page used to redirect traffic to the main website. You can have as many landing pages as you want on your site. In fact, the more landing pages you have, the more leads you are likely to get.
For instance, if you are marketing a new product via an email campaign, you can redirect traffic from your targeted email campaign to a specially designed product landing page. The same applies to any promotion you do via email or other means. The key thing is to create a unique landing page for every campaign you launch.
Landing Page Basics
There are no written rules as to what a landing page must have or look like. However, after years of experimenting with a range of landing page styles, I have come to the conclusion that certain key aspects should be considered when designing landing pages. Here are the top four:
- Specificity: When designing a landing page, be specific about what you offer. You should also know what’s in it for you. For instance, if you offer free info when a user signs up on your landing page. How are you going to benefit?
- Benefits: The best marketing lingo can get a visitor's attention. But if you don’t clearly explain how they are going to benefit, your conversions may be thin. A good landing page must be clear on how the user will benefit from the offer.
- Urgency: The wording on your landing page should create a sense of urgency. Explain why a page visitor should take your offer now not later.
- Conversion: Now you’ve grabbed a visitor’s attention and managed to convince them about your great offer. So how do they get it? Your landing page must make lead conversion as simple as possible.
Creating Landing Pages With WordPress
WordPress offers plenty of ways to build stunning landing pages. I'll discuss two options you can use to create your landing pages, as well as a third options we recommend only for developers or advanced WordPress users with coding knowledge.
1. How to Create a Landing Page with a WordPress Theme
There are a ton of WordPress themes specifically designed for creating landing pages. These single page themes often include great features such as local scrolling, eye catching sliders, features boxes and more to make building you own landing page easy. Here are a few of our favorites.
Zerif Pro WordPress Theme
Zerif Pro is the premium version of the super popular Zerif lite single page business WordPress theme. With easy to use options for creating a professional website like drag and drop page sections, the Site Origin page builder, customizable colors, sliders and more it's a great option for your landing page.
Total WordPress Theme
Of course the Total WordPress Theme(which includes 40+ quick start demos) is an excellent option especially for landing pages. The theme features more than 500 live theme Customizer design options (colors, fonts, page widths, etc), front end drag & drop page builder, 100 page builder elements, custom post types (for staff, portfolio and testimonials), a customizable header and footer plus tons more. There’s nothing you can’t build with Total.
Freelancer WordPress Theme
Freelancer is a flexible single page WordPress theme designed for freelance designers, developers, photographers and other creatives. The theme includes an easy modular layout for adding sections and displaying important info like services, previous work, contact information and more.
SImpleShift WordPress Theme
The SimpleShift one page WordPress theme is a clean and simple business style theme that you could use to build a one page website. The theme has plenty of features to showcase key point using icon boxes, callouts, testimonials, and more for you landing page.
WP Singular WordPress Theme
WP singular is an intuitive one page WordPress theme with a simple page builder, custom widgets, unlimited colors, ajaxed portfolio, Google fonts and more. It's a great start for a landing page to promote your goods or services.
Once you’ve decided on your favorite theme - install and activate it! To add a new theme go to Appearance> Themes> Add New and then browse for an awesome free theme from WordPress.org repository, or click on the Upload link to install a premium or free theme from somewhere else.
Creating Your Homepage with a Theme
In this example we'll be using Zerif Lite by ThemeIsle, which you can get from their website or from your WordPress dashboard. Simple install and activate the theme to get started.
Most single page WordPress themes use a “home” page template to make getting started easy. To use a template go to Pages> Add New, give your page a name and then select the page template from the Page Attributes section in the sidebar. In Zerif this is the Frontpage template. Then publish your page.
With your Home page published you’ll need to set it as your front page in order for it to be shown when visitors come to your URL. Just got to Settings> Reading and select the page you just created under Front page displays> A static page... Then save your changes.
Now you can start customizing your landing page content. Zerif Lite uses theme options in the Customizer under the “Frontpage Sections” option (which can be accessed under Appearance> Customize). You can also click on the blue pencil icons to quick edit some of page content as well. When you’re done just save and you’re landing page will be ready to go!
Not all landing page themes will use the WordPress Customizer for your front page options. Some themes use custom post types which will show up in your WordPress dashboard (typically near your posts, media, pages etc options), some include built-in drag and drop elements just for the home template and others include page builders (which we ' l be talking about next). If you have any questions about how to use your theme consult the documentation, or if it's a premium theme contact support.
2. How to Create a Landing Page with WordPress Plugins
Themes are great, but one of the easiest ways to build a landing page with WordPress is by using a plugin. There are plenty of landing page plugins out there of both the free and premium variety. They all work more or less the same way: typically, they offer a collection of landing page templates for different purposes.
After installing and activating, you can manage page customizations using the plugin’s settings page. Some plugins allow for third-party extensions where you can add further customization and functionality to your landing pages using hooks, filters, and actions. There are a few notable WordPress landing page plugins to consider:
But we also recommend considering a general page building plugin such as:
Our personal favorite is the WP Bakery Page Builder which happens to come free with our top selling Total WordPress theme.
How to Build a Landing Page with a Plugin
To use a page builder plugin you’ll first need to install and activate a compatible theme. You shouldn’t have any trouble with most themes, but it’s always better if you can find a theme that was specifically created or tested to work with your preferred plugin. In our example we’ll be using the WP Bakery Page Builder with the Total theme, which will prompt you to install and activate the recommended plugins.
If your theme doesn't include prompts, check the documentation to see how to install any included plugins. Or if you’ve purchased a page builder on your own go to Plugins> Add New> Upload Plugin to install and activate.
Once your page builder plugin is active, go to Pages> Add New to start building.
Total happens to include a special option for a “Landing Page” page template. When building your page this template will remove the header and footer sections for you (which makes sense because these area are better suited for multipage websites where you’d need to navigate between pages). Just make sure to save your page if you want to select a template.
With your page ready to go it's time to start building. If using the Visual Composer you’ll now have the option to use the backend editor or the live frontend editor. Total fully supports the frontend editor and we highly recommend using it since you can see each element as you’re building. Just be sure to Update or Publish your page once you've finished editing. If you want to learn more about using this specific page builder, have a look at our Visual Composer guide.
Next, you’ll need to set your front page to the page your just created (this step should sound a bit familiar since most themes require you edit this setting). So go to Settings> Reading> Front page displays> A static page and select your new homepage.
Bonus: Import a Readymade Template
Oh, and if you are using the Total WordPress theme there’s also the option to import a pre-made landing page (or a multipage site design) to get started. Total includes a ton of imports in the Theme Panel> Demo importer.
Click to begin importing. Total will even prompt you to install and activate the plugins required for the specific demo you want to import.
From there you’ll have the option to import the XML content, images, theme customizer settings, widgets and even sliders (if applicable). Once the import finishes you can edit and customize your page (s) to your liking.
To make changes just go to your pages, locate the page you want to edit, hover and click on the “Edit with Page Builder” option. This will open the front-end editor. Simply point and click to get editing, then click the “update” button at the top of the screen to save your changes. It really doesn’t get much easier!
Other Online Tools
Like plugins, there are many online tools for creating landing pages (just do a quick Google search and you can see for yourself). These basically work like WYSIWYG website builders, allowing you to select and use user interface components to whip up a landing page in no time. They have their limitations though and some are not flexible. A properly designed and hand-coded page is often much superior and infinitely more flexible.
3. How to Build a Landing Page with WordPress Page Templates (Advanced)
If you are a developer or a knowledgeable / advanced WordPress user you can edit your current WordPress theme to add custom page templates for your landing page. Many commercial WordPress themes come with a host of page templates each with a specific purpose. A theme can have one or several templates. Though high quality themes offer several pre-built landing page templates for various purposes.
That said, you can create your own landing page from a blank page template. You just need some CSS skills and an eye for design. For illustrative purposes, I'm going to build a simple landing page using a blank page template in the TwentyThirteen theme. I'm just going to put a big catchy heading along with a big button on a blank page template.
Please note that this method is ideal if you are building a landing page that’s going to have a dedicated domain - i.e. it is not going to be part of your main website. Multisite does not give you much flexibility in design but a dedicated domain gives you freedom to dismantle the theme anyway you want without worrying about other pages.
Note: We only recommend this option for developers or advanced WordPress users who are knowledgeable and experienced coders. If you're new to WordPress we strongly suggest sticking to themes and plugins when building your landing pages.
Step 1: Create a child theme folder
Since I’ll be making changes to another theme it’s important to start by creating a child theme. This way any changes to the theme won’t be lost when the core theme is updated.
To get started you’ll first need to connect to your website via FTP and create a new folder for your child theme in your wp-content / themes directory. We recommend adding “child” to the end of the theme you’re editing (e.g. twentythirteenchild or something similar you’ll recognize). This is where you will add new files to make changes to your core theme.
Step 2: Create a new style.css file for your child theme
Open the child theme folder you just created and add a new file named style.css(this will be your new stylesheet). Next, in your WordPress dashboard go to Appearance> Editor... In the editor window, you will see the theme's default stylesheet open.
Using the original theme file as a guide, create the heading section for your child theme's style.css file you just created, which might look something like this:
With your new stylesheet ready the next step is to load the parent stylesheet by enqueuing it.
Step 3: Create a functions.php file for your child theme
When you activate your child theme your website won’t load any styling so you’ll want to load your parent theme’s stylesheet. To do this create a new blank file named functions.php in your child theme folder. Then add the following code:
This will load your edited child theme styling after your parent theme stylesheet. You now have a functioning child theme for the TwentyThirteen theme - time to make changes!
Step 4: Customize your styling
With your child theme ready to go you can start customizing your landing page. First you might want to remove the main navigation since you’re creating a landing page. To do this add the following code to your child theme style.css file ( Note: your navigation element name might be different from ours. To find the element name you can use your browser inspector tool or check the header.php file):
If you view your site now, the navigation is gone. Instead we’re going to insert a big CTA button that will redirect to a registration page and later to the main website.
Next we'll simply customize the site header (h1) in the stylesheet by changing the font size. The site header is identified by the class .site-title... Again, double check your own theme to see what element name your header uses since it may be different that the one in the example. To enlarge the font size add the last line of this code to your child theme's stylesheet:
Save and refresh your page. You should see a bigger title:
Step 5: Create a blank page template and name it front-page.php
In the WordPress editor, click on Page Template (page.php) to view its code. Copy the first lines up to get_header () which should be similar to this:
Open a code editor and create a new file called front-page.php Paste the lines you copied in the previous step. Save this new file in your child theme folder.
Why front-page.php? Since this is going to be a static front page, you want to ensure that it is always selected and displayed first and front-page.php has the highest priority in the WordPress template hierarchy). Also, you may or may not insert footer (using the get_footer () function) in your template file. I’ve omitted it.
Remove the first line in the comments section and replace it with the template name - we called ours My Landing Page.
Save the changes. If you try to view your site now, you’ll be greeted by a blank page with only the modified header. That’s the front-page.php template. It is blank as we’ve not put any content as yet.
Step 6: Insert custom content markup for the landing page
Now that we’ve edited the header and created a blank page template, it’s time to add actual content to the landing page. All that’s left is to put our big button into our new front-page template. Just paste this code into your file and save. It's just a link wrapped in a div and that's all.
When you view your site, you will see the heading we’ve just inserted into the content part of the page along with the link text for the button:
Now it's time to give the page some life with CSS styling. Go to Appearance> Editor... Click on Stylesheet to open the style.css file for editing. Paste this code and save:
Your page should now look like this:
Congratulations! You just built a custom landing page using WordPress. While you probably won’t be using it in real-life as it’s very basic, but the idea was to show you how to do it using a page template. You can edit any page of any theme and create a custom landing page this way.
Conclusion
We've looked at three common ways to build WordPress landing pages. We really recommend using a theme or plugin. But if you want to go the DIY route make sure to brush up on your coding skills first.
Are you using landing pages for your marketing campaigns? Can you share your experience, successes, or challenges you’ve found along the way? I'd love to hear all about it!
The Sahara is the most famous desert. No wonder it is the largest desert in the world. It is located on the territory of 10 African states. The oldest text, in which the Sahara appears as the "great" North African desert, dates back to the 1st century AD. A truly endless sea of sun-scorched sand, stone and clay, revitalized only by rare green spots of oases and one single river - this is what the Sahara is.
"Sahara" or "Sahra" is an Arabic word, it means a monotonous brown desert plain. Say this word out loud: can you hear in it the wheezing of a man choking with thirst and incinerating heat? We Europeans pronounce the word "Sahara" softer than Africans, but it also conveys to us the formidable charm of the desert.
The word "Sahara" is associated with images of endless, hot sand dunes with very rare emerald green oases. But in reality, here, in the vast expanses of the Sahara, you can find almost any kind of desert landscape. In the Sahara, in addition to sand dunes, there are barren rocky plateaus strewn with stones; there are unusual fantastic geological formations; you can also see thickets of thorny bushes.
The Sahara stretches from the dry, thorny plains of northern Sudan and Mali to the shores of the Mediterranean, where the ruins of ancient Roman cities sweep its sands. In the east, it goes beyond the Nile and meets the waves of the Red Sea, and five thousand kilometers from there in the west it reaches the Atlantic Ocean. Thus, the Sahara occupies the entire north of Africa, stretching for 5149 km. from Egypt and Sudan to the western shores of Mauritania and Western Sahara. The world's greatest desert covers an area of 9,269,594 sq. Km.
The Sahara is an arid desert, and no river invades it. In many places, it receives less than 250 mm of precipitation per year, and in some parts of the Sahara, it does not rain for years. The main territory of the desert is located in the interior of the land, and the prevailing winds have time to absorb moisture before it penetrates into the heart of the desert. The mountain ranges separating the desert from the sea also force the clouds to rain, keeping them out of the way. Because clouds are rare here, the desert is brutally hot during the day. After sunset, hot air rises to the upper atmosphere, so temperatures can drop below freezing at night. Kebili, where the temperature rises to 55 ° C, is one of the hottest places in the desert, not only because of the scorching sun, but also because it lies in the path of the sirocco, the wind that originates in the burning heart of the desert and drives hot to the north, like from the stove, air. The highest shade temperature on Earth was recorded here, + 58 °.
Sand dunes of the Sahara in some places dunes are extremely mobile and they move through the desert under the influence of wind at a speed of up to 11 m per year. Huge areas of rolling sand dunes, each covering up to 100 square kilometers, are known as ergi. The famous Fudge oasis lives under the constant threat of impending dunes with all-pervading sand. It is interesting that in other regions of the Sahara, the dunes practically stand for millennia, and the hollows between them serve as permanent caravan routes.
The arid lands of the Sahara have never been cultivated, and only nomadic tribes roam here with small herds. From an economic point of view, most of the Sahara Desert is unproductive, and only a few oases develop diversified agriculture. Recently, a serious concern has been caused by the advance of the desert in the territories adjacent to the Sahara. This phenomenon is observed with the wrong choice of agricultural methods, which, combined with natural factors such as drought and strong winds, leads to the onset of the desert. Removing native vegetation weakens the soil, which is then dried out by the sun; the wind carries it away in the form of dust, and the desert reigns where the shoots once rose.
The Tuaregs, who always roam the most remote and uninhabited regions of the Sahara, are called "blue ghosts." A blue veil covering his face so that only a strip for the eyes remains, the young man receives at a family celebration when he turns eighteen years old. From that moment on, he becomes a man, and again never in his life, neither day nor night, he does not remove the veil from his face and will only slightly move it away from his mouth while eating.
Although many areas of the Sahara are covered with sand, a much larger area is occupied by waterless plains, strewn with large stones and polished pebbles. And in the very heart of the Sahara, there are ridges of sandstone cliffs that stick out vertically on the Tassilin-Ajer plateau. Here they form an amazing labyrinth of gaps, bizarre curved columns and curved arches. Many resemble modern tower houses, with shallow caves visible at their foundations. Lower columns often resemble skewed mushrooms. All these fantastic figures were sculpted by the wind, which picked up pebbles and sand, gouging and scratching the surface of the rocks, cutting horizontal grooves in the cliffs, deepening cracks between layers of sandstone. The exposed rock, baked by the sun, not covered by vegetation or soil, gradually crumbles into sand, which other winds will then carry away in other parts of the desert in order to heap them there.
In some places, under the ledges, on the walls of shallow caves, you can find animals painted with bright yellow and red ocher - gazelles, rhinos, hippos, horse antelopes, giraffes. There are drawings and domestic animals - herds of variegated cows and bulls with graceful horns, and some with a yoke around their necks. The artists also depicted themselves: they stand among their herds, sit near huts, hunt, drawing bows, dance in masks.
But who were these people? Perhaps the ancestors of nomads, who still follow the herds of half-wild long-horned spotted cattle that roam among the thorny bushes beyond the southern border of the desert. The time when these drawings were applied to the rocks is not precisely established, but several styles are clearly distinguished in them, from which it clearly follows that this period was very extended. According to most experts, the earliest drawings appeared about five thousand years ago, but none of the animals depicted currently inhabit the hot, barren sands and pebbles of the Sahara. And only in a narrow gorge with steep walls there is a bunch of old cypresses, the rings on the trunks of which indicate an age of at least two to three thousand years. They were young trees when the last drawings adorned the cliffs in the neighborhood. Their thick, gnarled roots have worked their way through sun-shattered slabs, widening cracks and knocking over debris in a stubborn effort to make their way down to the underground moisture. Their dusty needles manage to turn green, giving the eye a rest from the monotonous brown and rusty-yellow tones of the surrounding rocks. Their branches still bear cones with live seeds under the scales. But not a single seed is accepted. The land around is too dry.
And this , remember, we have already discussed it.
The climate change that turned the Tassili Plateau and the entire Sahara into a desert lasted a very long time. They began about a million years ago, when the great glaciation that fettered the world of that time began to decline. The glaciers that crawled from the Arctic, covering the entire North Sea with a hardened pack, and in Europe reached the south of England and the north of France, began to retreat. As a result, the climate in this area of Africa became more humid, and Tassili was dressed in green. But about five thousand years ago, rains began to fall further south, and the Sahara became drier and drier. The shrubs and grass that covered it died from lack of moisture. The shallow lakes have evaporated. The animals and people who lived in it migrated in search of water and pastures further south. The soil weathered and the former fertile plain, sparkling with wide lakes, eventually transformed into a kingdom of bare stones and loose sand ...
The sun regulates the entire life of the Sahara. It's hot in the desert during the day and cold at night. Daily fluctuations in air temperature reach more than thirty degrees. But the heat of the day is easier for a person than for the night cold. Oddly enough, but in the Sahara, people suffer more from the cold than from the heat during the year.
Long-lasting storms have the greatest effect on humans. Dust and sand storms are a magnificent sight. They are like fires, quickly engulfing everything around. Puffs of smoke rise high into the sky. With frantic force, they rush through the plains and mountains, knocking out stone dust from the destroyed rocks in their path.
After hot days with storms, the air in the Sahara is highly electrified. If at this time in the dark you remove one blanket from another, then the space between them is illuminated by sometimes crackling sparks. Electric sparks can be extracted not only from hair, clothing, but even from sharp iron objects.
Storms in the Sahara are often extremely violent. The wind speed reaches, according to some researchers, 50 m per second or more. There is a known case when, during a storm, camel saddles were thrown two hundred meters. It happens that stones the size of a hen's egg are moved by the wind without lifting them from the ground.
Knowing the wind patterns is very important when traveling across the Sahara. One day in February, in the erg of Shega, a storm kept one traveler under a rock for nine days. Experts of the Sahara have calculated that in the desert, on average, out of a hundred days, only six are windless. Unfortunately, little is known about the origin and laws of wind movement. v desert.
Hot winds in the north of the Sahara are destructive. They come from the center of the desert and can destroy crops in a few hours. These winds most often blow in early summer and are called sirocco, in Morocco they are called shergi, v Algerian Sahara - "shekhilli", in Libya - "gebli", v Egypt - "samum" or "hamsin". They not only move sand AND DUST, but also heap mountains of small pebbles.
Sometimes tornadoes appear for a short time. These are rotating air currents that take the form of pipes. They arise during the daytime due to the heating of the scorched earth and become visible due to the dust being raised. Fortunately, these "sand devils" dancing like ghosts in the fog only occasionally cause damage. Sometimes sand pipes are lifted from the ground, continuing their life in the high layers of the atmosphere. The pilots met dust tornadoes at an altitude of 1500 m.
The Sahara has not always been a lifeless land.
As further studies confirmed, even in the Paleolithic period, that is, 10-12 thousand years ago (during the Ice Age), the climate here was much more humid. The Sahara was not a desert, but an African savannah steppe. The population of the Sahara was engaged not only in cattle breeding and agriculture, but also in hunting and even fishing, as evidenced by rock paintings in different parts of the desert.
In many parts of the Sahara, ancient cities were buried in a layer of sand; perhaps this indicates a relatively recent drying out of the climate.
Scientists at Boston University seem to have found further evidence that the Sahara was not always a desert. According to the Remote Sensing Center of Boston University, in the northwestern region of Sudan there used to be a huge lake, almost the size of Lake Baikal. Now a huge body of water, which because of its size was called Megaozero, is hidden under the sands.
Scientists at Boston University in northwestern Sudan, in the middle of the Sahara, Dr. Eman Goneim and Dr. Farouk El-Baz, studied photographic and radar images of the Darfur region in order to pinpoint the location of the lake. According to their scientific data, the shoreline of the lake was once located about 573 meters (plus or minus 3 meters) above sea level.
Researchers suggest that several rivers flowed into the lake at once. The maximum area that Megaozero once occupied is 30,750 sq. km. In addition, the authors of the study calculated that at the best of times, the volume of water in the lake could reach 2,530 cubic meters. km.
Currently, scientists cannot accurately determine the age of the lake, but state another fact that the size of the Mega Lake indicates constant rains, due to which the volume of the reservoir was regularly replenished. The find confirms once again that the territory of the Sahara was not always a desert before. It lay within the temperate zone and was covered with plants.
Scientists led by El-Baz also suggest that most of the Mega Lake seeped into the soil and now exists as groundwater. This information is extremely important for local residents, as it can be used for purely practical purposes. The fact is that it is this region of Sudan that is experiencing a severe shortage of fresh water, and the discovery of groundwater would be a gift for them.
Then, about 5-7 thousand years ago, a drought began, the heat intensified, the surface of the Sahara lost more and more moisture, and the grasses dried out. Gradually, herbivores began to leave the Sahara, followed by predators. The animals had to retreat to the distant forests and savannas of Central Africa, where all these representatives of the so-called Ethiopian fauna still live today. Almost all people left the Sahara for animals, and only a few were able to survive where there was still a little water left. They became nomads who roam the desert. They are called Berbers or Tuaregs, and the "father of history" Herodotus called this tribe the Garamants - after the main city of Garama (modern Jerma).
By this time, scientists attribute the appearance of most of the famous frescoes of Tas-sely-Ajer, a plateau located in the center of the great desert. The name itself means "plateau of many rivers" and reminds of that distant time when life flourished here. Fat herds and caravans carrying ivory are the central theme of the painting. There are also dancing people in masks and mysterious giant images of the so-called "Martian gods". Quite a lot has been written about the latter. The mystery of their origin still haunts the minds: whether they represent a scene of rituals of shamans, roofing felts of aliens abducting people.
The Sahara is, in fact, not the name of one particular desert, but a collective name for a number of deserts connected by a single space and climatic features. Its eastern part is occupied by the Libyan Desert. On the right bank of the Nile, up to the Red Sea, the Arabian Desert stretches, south of which, entering the territory of Sudan, is the Nubian Desert. There are other smaller deserts. Often they are separated by mountain ranges with rather high peaks.
On the territory of the Sahara there are powerful mountains with peaks up to 2500 thousand m, and an extinct crater of the Amy-Kusi volcano, whose diameter is 12 km, and plains covered with sand dunes, hollows with clay soil, salt lakes and salt marshes, blooming oases. They all replace and complement each other. There are also giant depressions. One of them is located in Egypt in the northeastern part of the Libyan Desert. This is Qatar, the driest depression on our planet, its bottom is 150 m below sea level.
In general, the Sahara is a vast plateau, the flat character of which is disturbed only by the depressions of the Nile and Niger valleys and Lake Chad. On this plain only in three places really high, albeit small in area, mountain ranges rise. These are the Ahaggar (Algeria) and Tibesti (Chad) highlands and the Darfur plateau, which rise more than three kilometers above sea level.
The mountainous, absolutely dry landscapes of Ahaggar, cut by gorges, are often compared to the lunar landscapes.
To the north of them there are closed salt marshes, the largest of which turn into shallow salt lakes during the winter rains (for example, Melgir in Algeria and Jerid in Tunisia).
The surface of the Sahara is quite diverse; vast expanses are covered with loose sand dunes; stony surfaces, excavated in bedrocks and covered with rubble (hamada) and gravel or pebbles (regi), are widespread.
In the northern part of the desert, deep wells or springs provide oases with water, which is why date palms, olive trees, grapes, wheat and barley are grown.
All the oases of the Sahara are surrounded by a palm grove. Date palms are the backbone of life for the locals. Dates and camel milk are the main food of fellah farmers.
It is assumed that the groundwater supplying these oases with water comes from the slopes of the Atlas, located 300–500 km to the north. All life is concentrated mainly in the outskirts of the Sahara. The largest human settlements are concentrated in the northern regions. Naturally, there are no roads connecting the oases. Only after the discovery and the beginning of oil development, several highways were built, but camel caravans continue to run alongside them.
In the east, the desert is carved by the Nile Valley; for a long time this river has provided the inhabitants with water for irrigation and created fertile soil, depositing silt during the annual floods; the regime of the river changed after the construction of the Aswan Dam.
Few dare to travel across the Sahara. During a difficult journey, mirages may occur. Moreover, they always come across in approximately the same place. Therefore, it was even possible to draw up maps of mirages, on which 160 thousand marks were applied to the location of mirages. These maps even show what exactly is seen in this or that place: wells, oases, palm groves, mountain ranges, and so on.
It is difficult to find a more beautiful sight than a sunset in the desert. Perhaps only the aurora borealis makes a greater impression on the traveler. The sky in the rays of the setting sun amazes every time with a new combination of shades - this is both blood red and pink-pearl, imperceptibly merging with the pale blue color. All this piles up on the horizon in several floors, burns and sparkles, expanding in some bizarre, fabulous forms, and then gradually fades away. Then, almost instantly, an absolutely black night sets in, the darkness of which even bright southern stars cannot disperse.
The Sahara is not that hard to reach these days. From the city of Algeria, along a good highway, the desert can be reached in one day. Through the picturesque gorge of El Kantara - the "Gateway to the Sahara", the traveler finds himself in amazing places. To the left and right of the road, which runs along the rocky and clay plain, there are small cliffs to which the wind and sand have given the intricate outlines of fairytale castles and towers.
In Northern Sahara, the influence of Mediterranean flora is significant, and in the south, species of paleotropic Sudanese flora widely penetrate into the desert. There are about 30 endemic plant genera known in the flora of the Sahara, belonging mainly to the families of cruciferous, haze and Compositae. In the driest, extra-arid regions of Central Sahara, the flora is especially poor.
So, in the southwest of Libya, only about nine species of native plants grow. And in the south of the Libyan Desert, you can travel hundreds of kilometers without finding a single plant. However, there are regions in Central Sahara with comparative floristic richness. These are the desert highlands of Tibesti and Ahaggar. In the Tibesti highlands, near water sources, willow ficus and even a venereal hair fern grow. On the Tassini-Adgenr plateau, northeast of Ahanar, there are relict plants: individual specimens of the Mediterranean cypress.
In the Sahara, ephemera prevail, appearing for a short time after rare rains. Perennial xerophytes are common. The most extensive in terms of area are desert plant formations of grasses and shrubs (various species of Aristida cereals). The tree-shrub layer is represented by free-standing acacias, undersized xerophytic shrubs - kornulak, randonia, etc.). Zizyphus is often found in the northern belt of gramineous and shrub communities.
In the extreme west of the desert, in the Atlantic Sahara, special plant groups are formed, dominated by large succulents. Cactus milkweed, acacia, wolfberry, sumac grow here. An Afghan tree grows near the ocean coast. At altitudes of more than 1700 m (highlands and plateaus of the Central Sahara) here begin to dominate: cereals, feather grass, fire, wildflowers, mallow, etc. The most characteristic plant of the Saharan oases is the date palm.
In the Sahara, there are about 70 species of mammals, about 80 species of nesting birds, about 80 species of ants, more than 300 species of darkling beetles, about 120 species of orthoptera. Species endemism in some groups of insects reaches 70%, in mammals it is about 40%, and in birds there are no endemics at all.
Rodents are the most numerous of mammals. Representatives of the family of hamsters, mice, jerboas, squirrels live here. Gerbils are diverse in the Sahara (the red-tailed gerbil is common). Large ungulates in the Sahara are not numerous, and the reason for this is not only the harsh conditions of the desert, but also the long-standing persecution of them by humans. The largest antelope of the Sahara is the Arix, slightly inferior in size to the Addax antelope. Small antelopes, similar to our gazelles, are found in all regions of the Sahara. A maned ram lives on the coasts and plateaus of Tibesti, Ahaggar, as well as in the mountains on the right bank of the Nile.
Among the predators there are: miniature chanterelle, striped jackal, Egyptian mongoose, sand cat. Birds in the Sahara are not plentiful. Common larks, hazel grouses, desert sparrow. In addition, there are: runner sandpiper, desert raven, eagle owl. Lizards are numerous (crested lizards, gray monitor lizard, agamas). Some snakes are excellently adapted to life in the sands - sand efa, horned viper
The one-humped camel deserves special attention, the appearance of which symbolizes the Sahara Desert.
But the Sahara still holds many mysteries. One of them is in the desert part of Niger, on the Adrar Ma-det plateau. There are stone circles of ideal concentric shape lined with rubble. They are located at a distance of almost a mile from each other, as if by arrows directed exactly to the four cardinal points. Who created them, when and why, there is no clear answer to these questions yet!
