Presentation on the topic of types of political systems. Political system of society presentation
Municipal educational institution "Vokhtomskaya basic secondary school"
Reservoir" href="/text/category/vodoem/" rel="bookmark">reservoirs, land and air from depletion, and the animal world from extinction, you need to know nature, deeply understand both the laws and true value. It’s not enough just to admire the pink sunset or landscape, one must be able to “see”, that is, receive from communication with nature a charge of high feelings, nobility and spiritual generosity... And such communication will undoubtedly be helped by knowledge of nature.
But knowledge alone is also not enough to protect our natural environment from the destructive onslaught of environmentally illiterate people. Action is needed. Therefore, it is so important from childhood to master the skill, to strengthen one’s will, in order to become an active fighter for the protection of one of the main human values - the natural environment.
Fostering an ecological culture is the most pressing task of the modern socio-cultural situation. An important part of a student’s environmental culture is the formation of conscious environmental behavior.
One of the first tasks is to help children realize that they are part of nature. The intelligent part of nature is obliged to preserve the planet. The basis of our work is a great love for nature, for every person, for all living things that surround us.
The project is intended for elementary school students with an environmental orientation. The content is aimed at developing students’ ecological culture and responsible attitude towards nature.
The relevance of the project is due to the significance of the environmental problems under consideration, which life itself poses to us.
General selection principles content of the material is:
Systematicity
Unity of consciousness and activity
Visibility
Personal orientation
Objectivity
Scientificity
Accessibility for primary school students.
Practical orientation.
The project includes and reveals the main content lines: the ecology of the immediate natural and social environment (your school, your house, apartment, surrounding animals, plants).
2.Performing a practical task (“experimenters”)
3. Design of the task (“illustrators”)
4.Formulation of conclusions (“analysts”)
5. Application of the results (“researchers”)
The third group is implementing the block “Medicinal plants of our area”.
Target:
Tasks:
1. Summarize knowledge about medicinal plants in our area;
2. Find out the importance of medicinal plants for humans;
3. Foster a caring attitude towards nature;
4.Develop research skills;
It consisted of a number of tasks:
1. Questionnaire of children.
2. Questioning of adults.
3. Conducting research observations.
4.Working with a computer in the library.
Stage 3.
Practically - active.
Each group completes tasks that are determined through joint discussion.
1. “Our smaller brothers.”
"Search"
Conducts search work to compile material about the animals of our region on the Internet, using educational and popular science literature, conducts a survey of the population of the village, interviews the population, photographs. Introduces children to children's books about the animal and plant world. They organize excursions into nature “Whose footprints are these”, “The birds have flown”.
"Journalists"
Reports are being prepared about the wintering of various animals. Prepared reports: “Life of animals in spring”; “The birds have arrived” “Insects in the spring.” Organize competitive programs, games, competitions:
Educational game “Into the forest for riddles”
Games “Whose feather is this?”, “Whose nose?”
Process and print material on the topic on a computer. Book exhibitions are organized: “How wild animals winter,” “Migratory birds.”
The group interviewed the children about changes in nature in the spring.
Journalists wrote mini stories with natural history and environmental content.
"Artists - designers."
Draw pictures on the topic.
Designing the book “Surprises of a Forest Clearing”
During labor lessons we made bird feeders. They hung them around the school and near their houses. The children did not forget to feed the birds. They were very interested in watching the birds. The children talked about their observations at the “World around us” lessons, and also to the children from kindergarten.
We started making birdhouses for migratory birds. We are planning to start a journal where we will record our bird observations:
Which birds arrived first?
Which ones are the last;
Where do they nest;
2. “The forest is our friend.”
1.Section “Types of forest”.
This group is offered cut cards depicting twigs and fruits of various trees.
The “experimenters” arrange the cards into 2 groups.
“Analysts” draw conclusions about the existence of coniferous and deciduous forests.
“Illustrators” design cards “Into the forest for riddles. Vegetable world"
2.Section “Animal world”.
Children are given the task of creating cards “Fauna of our area”
“Testers” are preparing a story on this section.
3.Section “Birds of our area”.
4.Section “Guess whose tracks these are?”
Search work in nature. Children watch animal tracks in the snow.
They determine whose traces these are and write them down in notebooks. Find
material about traces that were seen in nature.
5.Section “The importance of forests in human life.”
Children receive a “scattered” poem by S. Marshak “What are we planting when we plant forests?” and a picture with a picture of a forest, as well as a set of subject pictures from the series “What does the forest give us?”
“Experimenters” compose a poem from lines.
“Illustrators” search for pictures on the Internet.
“Testers” compose the text of the message “The importance of forests in human life.”
3. “Medicinal plants of our area.”
Target: study of medicinal plants in our area.
Tasks: generalize knowledge about medicinal plants in our area;
find out the importance of medicinal plants for humans;
cultivate a caring attitude towards nature;
develop research skills;
Each of the children chose a plant that they would like to observe.
Children do research.
1 task.
Questioning children.
Survey questions:
1. What medicinal plants of our area do you know?
2. What benefits do they bring?
3. What can be done to prevent these plants from disappearing?
12 people took part in the survey. We concluded that the children know the medicinal plants of our area, what benefits they bring and how to preserve them.
2. We made a presentation “Medicinal plants of our area.”
Possible obstacles during the project implementation and possible ways to overcome them
Possible obstacle | Ways to overcome |
|
Not everyone was willing to participate in the project. Difficulties in completing the assigned task. Minor computer skills. | Conversations, excursions, work in interest groups. Consultations of the guys with the project managers. Visiting a computer science club. |
Conclusion:
During the project work, the students learned a lot. The work helped them understand that they are part of nature and should treat it with care. Then nature will appear before people as kind, giving its riches and the joy of communication.
Reviews:
This project found a significant emotional and cognitive response among students, and work on it contributed to the successful solution of a whole range of didactic and developmental tasks.
It was interesting to work on the project. This work is very exciting for us. I worked in a group of graphic designers. I drew pictures and designed an exhibition of books dedicated to wintering animals.
Mikolaets Valeria
At first it was not entirely clear to me what to do. And then, when we outlined a work plan and started doing everything, it became simply interesting.
Bystrov Lesha
While participating in the project, we already independently printed on a computer and worked with the Internet.
Petukhov Vitaly.
I enjoyed making bird feeders and watching the birds. I was also typing the text of the book “Surprises of a Forest Clearing” about the snakes that live in our area.
Smirnov Sasha.
After completing the project, the children shared their impressions with classmates and teachers. The guys presented their project at the “Seeker” conference on student design and research activities.
Material and technical support for the event:
Internet, camera, computer.
Literature:
Magazine "Primary School" No. 6, 2003.
V. Bianchi “Forest Newspaper”.
"Green Pages".
Atlas-determinant “From earth to sky.”
Searching for information on the Internet.
Appendix to the project “Forest is our wealth”
Municipal educational institution Vokhtomskaya basic secondary school, Parfenyevsky district, Kostroma region.
Scenario of an excursion to the forest for children 7-11 years old
Prepared and conducted:
Vokhtoma village
year 2009
Target:
Formation of ecological culture.
Tasks:
Instill love for the native land;
- to form conscious ideas about the norms and rules of behavior in nature.
Progress of the excursion.
Leading:
Today we will go on an extraordinary journey to find mysteries. And where - guess for yourself.
Student:
The house is open on all sides.
It is covered with a carved roof.
Come to the green house -
You will see miracles in it. (forest)
Leading:
Parfenyevsky district is located in a forest belt. Forests occupy 84% of the total area of the district or 209,425 hectares.
Did you know that more than 20 thousand types of products are obtained from the forest: food products, vitamins, building materials, raw materials for chemistry, livestock feed, healing air...
Student:
I have longer needles than a Christmas tree.
I grow very straight - in height (Pine)
Leading:
Every fifth tree in our forests is pine. Together with oxygen, the tree enriches the air with volatile substances - phytoncides, which have a detrimental effect on the causative agents of tuberculosis.
What other trees are classified as conifers?
Student:
Prickly, green,
They cut it down with an axe.
Prickly, green,
(spruce) comes to our house
Pupil:
A relative has a Christmas tree
Non-thorny needles,
But unlike the Christmas tree,
Those needles are falling (larch)
Leading:
What are the needles on pine and Christmas trees called? (needles)
We are already in the deciduous forest. And here is the first meeting.
Leading:
One hectare of birch forest evaporates 47 thousand liters of water per day. This includes water purification, air humidification, and future rains. Birch is a medicinal tree. But do not forget that one large birch tree damaged by an ax can lose up to 200 liters of sap in the spring. They sing songs about the birch tree.
What songs and poems about birch do you know?
Student:
I crawled out of the little barrel,
It took roots and grew.
I have become tall and mighty.
I'm not afraid of thunder or clouds.
I feed pigs and squirrels
It’s okay that the fruit is my chalk (oak)
Leading:
Oak trees are found in our area. They reach 20-30 meters in height and live for years.
What kind of tree is this?
Pupil:
Takes from my flower
The bee has the most delicious honey.
But they still offend me:
The thin skin is torn off (linden)
Leading:
Linden brings great benefits to humans. This is linden honey. This tree lives 300-400 years.
Guess what kind of tree this is?
Student:
Turned green in spring
Sunbathed in the summer
I put it on in the fall
Red corals (rowan)
Leading:
In winter, rowan feeds birds. Its fruits are also useful for humans. They contain no less carotene than carrots, parsley, and sea buckthorn.
Student:
It's like a white snow globe.
In the spring it bloomed.
She exuded a delicate scent,
And when the time has come,
At once she became
All the berries are black (cherry)
Leading:
This forest beauty has been healing people since ancient times.
But the forest is not only trees, but also berries, flowers, and mushrooms. We all admire forest flowers. What do you know about them?
Pupil:
Golden and young
In a week he turned gray.
And in two days
My head is bald.
I'll hide it in my pocket
Former... (dandelion)
Student:
The first to emerge from the ground
On a thawed patch
He is not afraid of frost
Although small (snowdrop)
Pupil:
The little blue bell is hanging,
It never rings (the bell)
Leading:
Bells, snowdrops, some types of tulips and peonies, and primroses are included in the Red Book.
The forest generously shares its berry reserves with people.
What berries does the forest put in our baskets?
Student:
In the heat of the stumps
Many thin stems.
Each thin stem
Holds a scarlet light.
Unbend the stems -
Collecting lights (strawberries)
Pupil:
I'm red, I'm sour
I grew up in a swamp
Ripened under the snow,
Well, who knows me (cranberry)
Student:
Sweet, fragrant,
I grew up in a shady forest.
I can grow in the garden
I will come to visit you in the summer.
I consist of small lobes,
Very juicy, tasty, scarlet (raspberries)
Pupil:
The sun scatters arrows,
Lighting up the pine trees
What kind of berry is ripe?
Is it blue?
On bushes, under leaves
Someone threw beads -
All clearings have blue dots
In green pines (blueberries)
Leading:
The forest treats you generously, but take only berries from it. A blueberry bush can grow for 300 years, but if you break it and uproot it, a new bush with fruits will appear only after 7-8 years. Guess the riddle.
Drilled the earth
I left the spine
He came into the world himself,
Covered himself with a cap (mushroom)
Who among us hasn’t picked mushrooms in the forest?
From the history.
“Parfenievs made the main source of their livelihood the collection and sale of mushrooms. Over the decades, Posad turned into the mushroom capital of Russia: countless thousands of tubs of milk mushrooms, saffron milk caps, and dried mushrooms of all types and denominations came from here.
At the beginning of the 50s of the 19th century, the then famous publicist Kornilov wrote in the Moskvityanin magazine: “Parfenyev is the center of the mushroom industry. The best mushrooms are delivered from Parfenyev, which is famous for its porcini mushrooms, like Tsaritsyn for watermelons and Kizlyar for grapes"
Pupil:
I'm growing up in a red cap
Among the aspen roots
You'll see me a mile away -
My name is... (boletus)
Student:
Along the forest paths
Lots of white legs
In multi-colored hats,
Noticeable from a distance.
Collect, don't hesitate
This is...(russula)
Pupil:
Summer's first sign:
Under the birch tree in the cold,
Brown mushroom
On a spotted root (boletus)
Student:
In a forest clearing,
Under the mighty pine
The old man is standing
It has a white cap.
Who is in the forest -
He recognizes him (boletus)
Pupil:
He looked out timidly
From a moss hummock,
A chain of ripe cranberries
Raised above my head (fly fly)
He stood on a strong leg,
Now it's in a basket. (Porcini)
Leading:
What mushrooms should you not pick? Why? How should you pick mushrooms correctly?
Is it possible to imagine a forest clearing without insects and birds?
Pupil:
He comes every year -
To where the house awaits.
He can sing other people's songs,
But still it has its own voice (starling)
Student:
The color is greyish,
Habit - thieving,
Hoarse screamer -
Famous person.
Who is she?.. (crow)
Pupil:
A little boy in a gray army jacket
Snoops around the yards, picks up crumbs,
He wanders around at night and steals hemp.
(Sparrow)
Student:
Carpenter with a sharp chisel -
Builds a house with one window.
(Woodpecker)
Leading:
Woodpeckers are forest orderlies. They do not spoil healthy trees, but gouge the bark of those that are infected inside with bark beetles.
Pupil:
The spring jumps -
Green back -
From grass to blade of grass,
From branch to path (ant)
Student:
Housewife
Flying over the lawn
Will fuss over the flower -
He will share honey (bee)
Leading:
Bees pollinate more than 50 types of crops. One bee pollinates from 4 to 16 thousand flowers per day.
Student:
Who in the forest without axes builds a hut without corners (ant)
Leading:
It is difficult to imagine a forest without large and small animals.
Pupil:
Here are the needles and pins
They crawl out from under the bench.
They look at me
They want milk (hedgehog)
Student:
Who from the tall dark pines
Did you throw a cone at the kids?
And into the bushes through a stump
Flashed like a light? (squirrel)
Pupil:
Doesn't like seeds from pine cones,
And he catches poor gray mice.
She is a beauty among animals!
Red cheat... (fox)
Student:
What kind of forest animal
Stood up like a post under a pine tree
And stands among the grass -
Are your ears bigger than your head? (hare)
Leading:
This is where our journey ends. But we have not yet solved all the forest mysteries. Books and new travels will help you learn something new about the forest. But don’t forget that you need to protect nature. Take care of the forest. Its inhabitants, and you will preserve the beauty of the earth.
A student reads an excerpt from Olga Kolova’s poem “Parfenevo”
The rowan trees glow proudly in the wind,
The majestic pines are rustling...
Here centuries are like the kingdom of Berendey,
The wilderness of the forests protected our planting.
Literature:
Magazines “Primary School”, “Forest Riddles” Yuri Dmitriev, magazine “Gubernsky House”.
The importance of forests in our lives is great. The writer Konstantin Paustovsky, a passionate admirer of forests, wrote that forests not only bring great benefits to humans, decorate and heal the earth, but also support life itself on earth.
Unfortunately, there are fewer and fewer forests on earth. There was a time when the territory of Europe was completely covered with magnificent forests. Today in England they have been cut down almost completely; in Italy, Spain, France and other countries no more than 10-15% remain.
The forest is the main source of replenishing the air with oxygen, an irreplaceable natural filter that cleanses the atmosphere of carbon dioxide and harmful gases; we owe our health to a huge extent to it. During photosynthesis of one cubic meter of wood pulp, about half a ton of oxygen is produced and at the same time the same amount of carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere. If we consider that approximately 800 million cubic meters of wood grow in Russian forests annually, it is easy to calculate the contribution of our forests to the air balance of the planet.
And how much dust the forest catches! In summer, tree crowns absorb up to half of the dust in the air. A rough leaf of a tree is a filter created by nature itself,
The air in the forest contains 300 times less bacteria than in the city, and it is sterilized by phytoncides secreted by the leaves and flowers of plants. A few grams of phytoncides disinfect several hundred cubic meters of the atmosphere.
We largely owe our material wealth to the forest, because it is difficult to find a more universal material than wood. Not a single sector of the national economy can do without wood products.
Every year, tens of thousands of tons of wild fruits and berries, nuts, and mushrooms are harvested from the forests. Bees are the original inhabitants of forests, and the vast areas occupied by honey-bearing vegetation favored their reproduction and provided rich honey yields.
The Russian historian V. Klyuchevsky, in his book “Tales of Foreigners about the Moscow State,” wrote that the main products of the Moscow land, mined in the forest, were furs, honey and wax, and the whole country abounded in fertile bees, which laid excellent honey in the hollows of trees. Products obtained from bees were the primary goods of internal exchange and foreign trade.
Nowadays, the relationship between man and the forest has changed dramatically, which is largely due to technological progress and growing urbanization. The majority of the population now lives in cities, and this is reflected in the natural connections between humans and the environment that have developed during evolution. The disruption of these connections has led to an increase in nervous and cardiovascular diseases. Scientists come to the conclusion that communication with nature should become a necessary condition for the normal functioning of the human body. Under the influence of favorable natural factors, metabolism improves, the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide increases, breathing becomes less frequent and deeper, disturbances in the functioning of the heart and cardiovascular system disappear, the speed of blood flow and the number of functioning capillaries increase.
Green spaces, and especially forests, significantly reduce industrial radiation. Forests are capable of absorbing and neutralizing radioactive substances, and this is very important in our nuclear age.
With population growth, which led to deforestation for timber and arable land, forest areas have decreased noticeably, but even now they are quite large.
Our forests contain many honey-bearing trees and shrubs: linden - 1145, white acacia - 4.1, edible chestnut - 31.8 thousand hectares with a total honey productivity of about 500 thousand tons. Of the 16 species of linden growing in our forests, The small-leaved linden is of greatest importance, which is found in the groves of oak forests of the steppe, in oak forests and pine forests of the forest-steppe, in the strip of coniferous-deciduous forests of the southern taiga. IN
In Siberia it grows in islands almost to the Irtysh, in Altai and the Krasnoyarsk region. In the Far East, small-leaved linden is replaced by Amur, Manchurian, and Taketa linden. In most cases, as a tree of the first magnitude, it is included in coniferous-deciduous forests and oak forests as an admixture, but in the forests of the Middle Volga region, Southern Urals and the Urals it forms highly productive mixed and even pure linden forests. In some places, linden occupies huge areas. For example, in Bashkiria, the Gafuriy forestry enterprise owns 200 thousand hectares of forest. Here, small-leaved linden occupies almost 50 thousand hectares.
In the European part of Russia, linden lives up to 400 and even 600 years, and on city streets - up to 100 years. Paws of seed origin begin to bloom from 20-25 years. With age, the number of flowers on a tree increases, and the sugar content in their nectar changes slightly. The highest nectar production in linden is observed at the age of 70-90 years.
Linden is not only an excellent honey plant - its wood and bast are widely used in the national economy. In addition, it improves the soil, and mixed plantings with its participation are highly stable and productive.
Work is currently underway to preserve linden in forests and increase the area under its plantations.
Why forests are useful for humans - Natural forces have a good influence on humans. Walking through the forest, along the banks of rivers and lakes always has a beneficial effect on the human body. These places have cleaner and fresher air. In cities, unfavorable ecology affects the human body and causes illness. Such walks have a beneficial effect on the body, strengthening the overall immune system.
Forests reproduce clean air, purify it, saturate it with oxygen necessary for our breathing.
The process of environmental disruption is inevitable and our atmosphere is constantly polluted by harmful gases from cars, soot, and dust from many enterprises. The level of carbon dioxide in the air is steadily increasing. Green forests help us maintain the correct balance of the atmosphere.
If you look at the composition of the forest, these are trees, shrubs, and grasses. They are also called the lungs of our Earth. They absorb carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen.
Plants are the best at purifying the air from all industrial pollutants. That is why many enterprises plant green spaces. Linden, poplar, maple, fir, spruce, thuja are those trees that absorb dangerous sulfur substances.
In the summer, trees catch up to half of all the generated dust that is contained in the air. A green leaf is a very good natural filter for air purification. Scientists say that during a working week, only 12 g of leaves of a tree such as elm remove from 3 to 5 g of dust from the air we breathe; other trees such as pine, spruce - from 1 to 2 g.
Plants significantly reduce radiation levels. Greens not only absorb, but also kill industrial and radioactive emissions.
They decompose and kill exhaust gases from cars and chestnuts well. That's why they are often planted near highways.
In recent decades, cities have been growing especially progressively due to the influx of residents. The city slightly protects people from communication and visiting the environment. Many scientists find this to be the reason for the sharp increase in cardiovascular and other diseases.
Therefore, after busy, polluted city streets, people seek peace and solitude away from cities, in the forest, in silence, where they breathe pleasant aromatic air. The more a person is in the captivity of the city, the more he needs communication with nature; it is advisable to spend the whole weekend in it.
Let's look at the video of the forests of our planet - what a miracle!
Why forests are good for people Why forests are good for people Why forests are good for people Did you like the article? Share with friends on social networks:
Do you know how many gifts the forest gives us? The significant benefits of forests affect our health, industry, rivers, and fields. Unfortunately, people do not fully appreciate such generous gifts.
Industry
Thanks to the forest, factories receive basic industrial products consisting of wood. These are wood resins, wood flour, from which linoleum, wood-laminated plastic, cellulose, turpentine, alcohol, particle boards, fibreboards, etc. are made. The list can be continued for a long time.
Wood is used on the farm, it acts as timber and lumber, such as timber, plywood, boards. What does forest give us in the industrial sphere? Railways, construction buildings, bridges, power line supports and much more.
Many items necessary for humanity are made from processed products and from wood itself: chairs, blackboards, teachers' chairs, desks, ceilings, floors, window frames, school roofs, walls. Smaller items: materials for sneakers, briefcases, toys, fabrics for outerwear, skis, clubs, sleds, soccer balls. This list is also far from complete.
What benefits does forest bring to the national economy?
The national economy cannot do without forest materials from which they are made: handles for shovels, boats, sleds, matches, carts, plywood, furniture, varnishes, fishing floats, wheel rims, etc. Each of us can continue this list ourselves. Think for a minute, what would happen if there was no wood? What would we end up with?
Spruce wood
White with a yellowish tint, having a silky tint, pliable and sonorous, spruce wood has been valued by mankind for a long time. It was used to build royal chambers, temples, huts, bridges and barns. Spruce wood gave us the opportunity to develop creatively, thanks to the following instruments: guitar, violin, balalaika and other musical sources.
Just one cubic meter of such wood produces 600 half-silk suits, 400 pairs of magnificent silk stockings and 250 kg of cellulose.
Pine resin
For farming, resin (pine resin) is extracted from the forests. To do this, use specially prepared notches to cut the tree bark and collect the resin in a vessel. Rosin is obtained from pine sap - a substance that produces garden putty, driers, high-quality soap, synthetic rubber, plastics, varnishes, and artificial leather.
Benefits of the forest
Are you still asking what the forest gives to people? The forest feeds man! Berries, mushrooms, animal and poultry meat are all the merit of the forests. The forest clothes the man! Forest animals are rich in warm natural fur, which people wear in the cold winter. The forest teaches a person, it gives him all the necessary school subjects. The forest heals with its beneficial medicinal herbs. The forest saturates our lungs with carbon dioxide and oxygen.
We can talk about the benefits of forests for a very long time. But the conclusion will always be the same - they need to be protected and not forgotten about how important this is for each of us.
Attention, TODAY only!
OTHER
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