PC differs from computer. What is the difference between computer diagnostics and a regular car inspection? Computed and magnetic resonance imaging: which is more effective

Solid-state drives (SSD) have appeared on the computer component market relatively recently. But even despite the still relatively high price, they have already gathered a whole "army" of admirers who have actively rushed to install them on computers and laptops, replacing HDDs with SSDs. True, this technology also has opponents. Moreover, the battles between representatives of these two groups, actively listing the advantages and disadvantages of the novelty, do not fade away on the forums. In this post I will try to show what is the fundamental difference between HDD and SSD, collecting the pros and cons of the new technology. And you can already draw a conclusion for yourself - is it worth switching to a solid-state drive and transferring Windows to an SSD, or you can still take your time and stay on a classic hard drive.

Pros:

The read and write speed on an SSD is significantly higher than that of a conventional hard drive. This is achieved through the use of a completely different technology for working with information, which is used on the flash drives we are used to. For example, I was shocked when I saw that Windows 10 can boot in 8-10 seconds. Impressive, right ?!

Significantly lower power consumption and low operating temperature. Indeed, the SSD does not have a drive, which means that there is no need for a "powerful" power supply circuit for it. Accordingly, there is nothing especially to heat up.

Small size and light weight. If for an ordinary stationary computer this is not a particularly significant plus, then for portable equipment - laptops, netbooks and ultrabooks - this is already a critical parameter. Replacing the HDD with an SDD on a netbook can significantly reduce its weight.

Lack of moving parts, parts and mechanisms. In a classic hard disk, magnetic plates work, which are rotated at a certain speed by a special motor - a drive. Nanometers from their surface are needles that read data. Difficult, isn't it? An SSD has none of this. It's just a set of microcircuits, no mechanics, solid electronics.

Resistance to mechanical stress and overload. Due to the fact that there are no mechanical parts in SSD drives, they are insensitive to vibrations and small shocks. If you accidentally drop it, then nothing special will happen, while dropping the usual hard, you can immediately say goodbye to it. And the novelty is more resistant to different temperatures, tolerating both high and low temperatures much better.

Minuses:

- Price. Unfortunately, SSDs will be more expensive than HDDs of the same capacity for some time to come. But the faster technology advances, the sooner prices will come down.

- Limited number of rewriting cycles. On the first models of solid-state drives, this parameter was very low and very frightening for users. Now it has grown considerably. But nevertheless, there are many discussions and controversies on the network regarding this point. In particular, on some sites it is strongly discouraged to place a swap file on such screws, as this significantly reduces the lifetime of the device. True or not - no one can say so unequivocally. Nevertheless, it is still better not to use SWAP on an SSD, compensating for this by increasing the amount of RAM.

- Difficulties with information recovery. In general, the process of recovering data from a damaged hard disk is a very complex process, which requires complex equipment and therefore is very expensive. So in the case of a novelty, even more technically advanced equipment is needed. The second point - if a whole memory chip fails, then often nothing can be pulled out of it later, even using very technically sophisticated means. And the third point - as a rule, if one chip is out of order, then the entire drive collapses, while the usual hard "crumbles" gradually and some of the information can still be pulled out.

- Marriage. No matter how sad it is to state, a large percentage of rejects is still allowed in the production of SSDs. Of course, manufacturers are trying to fix it as best they can, but so far the fact is taking place.

If your new Windows 10 PC takes a long time to boot, it is most likely because it runs on a regular hard drive. This also applies to most older computers. Did you know that replacing a hard drive with a solid state drive (SSD) will make your machine run much faster? It's true that a five-year-old computer with an SSD is much faster than even a brand new one running on a regular hard drive. The good news is that replacement drives are fairly easy to make, and not too expensive, thanks to the fact that SSDs are now much more affordable than they were just a few years ago.

(A standard SSD looks like a traditional 2.5-inch laptop hard drive, but it's much faster.)

In this article, I will show you how to replace the internal hard drive of a Windows computer with a solid state drive while keeping the software, data, and settings unchanged The computer must be running Windows 7, 8, or 10. Previous versions of Windows did not support SSDs well enough. - storage devices. The steps in this article are done on Windows 10, which you can install, by the way, as a free update until July 29, 2016, MacBook owners can familiarize themselves with.

General direction. The replacement process basically involves cloning the contents of an existing hard drive onto an SSD, and then directly replacing the hard drive from the computer to an SSD. This is a similar process for desktops and laptops, although it is much easier to work with a desktop computer due to its large size.

Depending on how much data you have on your main hard drive, this project will take anywhere from 20 minutes to several hours. You will not need to be actively involved most of this time.

A. Preparation.

There are several things to consider for this to work.

First, you obviously need an SSD. While not all SSDs are created the same, all SSDs are much faster than any conventional hard drive, so the differences between the two are not significant to someone replacing a conventional hard drive. However, with the drive, try to buy the largest drive for the least money.

One important thing to keep in mind is make sure you buy an SSD with a higher capacity than the total amount of data you currently have on the hard drive you are replacing. This means, for example, that if the capacity of your computer's main hard drive is 1TB, but you used about 200GB of them, then you just need an SSD with a capacity of about 240GB. You can buy a larger SSD or the same one as your existing hard drive if you can afford it.

The second thing you need is cloning software. There are quite a few of these out there, and most of them work well (some SSDs come with this kind of software), but my favorite is the free version of Macrium Reflect. This software allows you to clone an existing disk to a new one, even without restarting your computer. It also supports all types of hard drive formats.

The third thing you need is a USB-to-SATA adapter. These adapters can be found online for about $ 15 or so. If you have an external hard drive (whether portable or desktop), you can use its adapter part to work. Note that for a desktop computer, as an option, you can skip the search for such an adapter and set the SSD as a secondary internal drive for the cloning process, which is much faster than using a USB connection.

Finally, you need a small screwdriver. Choose the one that matches the screws on your computer. Typically, a standard small cross will work.

Additional preparation.

This step is only necessary if you want to use an old used SSD (the one that was formatted before) to replace the existing hard drive on your computer. If you bought a new SSD, you can skip this step and go directly to the cloning process.

There are two types of disc formats. These are the Master Boot Record (MBR), which is used in Windows 7 and earlier, and the GUID Partition Table (GPT), which was adopted in Windows 8 and later. (Note that Windows 8 and Windows 10 work with MBR too.) If you want to use a used SSD for your computer, you must first convert it to the same disk format as your existing hard drive for the process cloning. If not, the system may not boot as a result.

It is quite easy to find out what is using the existing hard disk of the computer GPT or MBR. Here's how to do it.

1. Start the command line. (Right click on the "Start" button and select "Command Prompt" or search in the "All Programs> Windows System" menu).

diskpart then press Enter. (Answer yes to User Account Control if prompted.)

3. At the diskpart command prompt, enter list disk, then press Enter.

You will see a list of disks installed on the system. If a disk is listed with an asterisk (*) in the GPT column, then it is using GPT. Otherwise, it is an MBR drive.

And here's how to make sure your SSD is of the same format type:

1. Start the command line.

2. In the Command Prompt window, enter diskmgmt then press Enter. This will open the Disk Management window.

3. In the Disk Management window, find the SSD, which will be shown as disk 1 (or disk 2, etc. depending on the number of disks you have on the machine). Right click on the SSD then select "Convert to GPT" (if the current disk uses MBR), or "Convert to MBR" (if the current one uses GPT.) Just make sure it is the same type of disk format as your existing hard disk ...

B. Cloning a disk.

Now that you have everything you need, let's begin this process. Insert the SSD into a USB port on your computer using a USB to SATA cable.

(Note that the steps below are on Macrium Reflect. With other versions or other cloning software, the steps will be slightly different, so follow the instructions in the software, but it should be easy enough to understand. The idea is that you are cloning existing hard drive on SSD, keeping all settings.)

1. Download and install Macrium Refelct Free (see link above).

2. After the installation is complete, double click on the Reflect icon on your computer desktop.

3. Under the existing computer icon, click on "Clone this disk ..." This will open the clone window.

4. In the cloning window, click "Select a disk to clone to ..." then select the SSD that is connected to the computer via the USB port.

Additional note: Here you can check to make sure both disks are the same type of disk format (GPT or MBR). Also, if your existing hard drive has many small partitions, and you are using an SSD of the same or smaller capacity, you may encounter an error saying that not all partitions can fit on the SSD. In this case, you can disable the sections on the right side of the main section, which always contains (C :) in its name. This is the section that contains the operating system.

B. Replacing the hard drive with SSD.

This final step involves ejecting your existing hard drive. On most laptops, this is conceived simply by placing the hard drive in a bay on the edge of the computer. You can pull it out after you unscrew a couple of screws on the bottom of the laptop. Sometimes hard drives fit under the battery. With desktop computers, things are easier, where hard drives (3.5 - inch versions) are easy to find as soon as the case cover is opened. You should refer to the user manual or search the Internet for information on how to remove the hard drive from your computer. Note that for desktops, some SSDs come with a 3.5-inch bay adapter to make them usable in desktop computers. However, if your SSD does not have such an adapter, you can leave the SSD hanging inside the computer case. Since SSDs have no moving parts and the desktop computer is usually stationary, there is little or no harm in leaving the SSD hanging loose inside the case (just make sure it doesn't touch anything).

After the old hard drive is removed and the SSD is installed, make sure you tighten all the screws when installing the SSD. In my experience, if you have a screw or two left, you've done something wrong.

Now that the SSD has been installed, store your old hard drive in a safe place as a permanent backup. Or you can also use it with a USB-to-SATA adapter as a drive for the current backup. On a desktop computer, you can actually still use an old hard drive as a secondary drive if there is room for it inside the computer case.

Restart your computer a few times so that the operating system gets used to the new SSD. Don't worry, your computer will boot up noticeably faster now.

Have a desire to replace the hard drive on your laptop? Then you've come to the right place. This weekend did not work out as I thought. I was going to work hard on some applications. And some other work, but my computer crashed. And I got a blue screen - fix recovery - reboot loop. I couldn't do anything, I tried everything. Anyway, I ended up migrating my data with Linux to memory at boot, but after 12 hours the data transfers were very slow (2 MB / s). I noticed that not all of the data was there and I didn't have time to wait and repeat. Reset what to do if you forgot your laptop password.

I ran to a local computer store and was about to buy SATA to USB. But instead got a pocket for an SSD (this is the drive I have). Which I intend to use with an SSD drive. Which I ordered from Amazon (Samsung is cheaper now as they just released an updated version and the old ones are selling cheap). As an additional portable storage device for temporary backup. I also have screwdrivers, tiny and with T5, etc. Since I need them for some other devices. Lenovo introduced the world's first.
A hard drive is more likely to malfunction if reset or put under a lot of stress. If your computer won't boot and has hard drive / ssd drive read errors, follow this guide to replace it. You will need a screwdriver. Reset to factory settings (Hard reset).

Replacing the hard drive on a laptop: Step 1 Battery

Step 2

Find the two switches that are blocking the battery. Press the right switch to the unlocked position. (On another model, they may be in a different place, or everything may be different).

Step 3

Press and hold the left switch outward to the unlocked position, then gently slide the battery away from the computer.

(Replacing the hard drive on a laptop)

Replacing the hard drive on a laptop: Step 4 Rear panel

I put the laptop upside down, unplug the AC, on a clean table, and unscrew the top screws marked in this picture. Then I used a flathead screwdriver to gently pry the cover out from the top (where the screws are). Since the lid is a hinge and you don't want to copy the plastic hinges at the bottom.

Step 5

Step 6

The computer should be open showing many of its internal components. You can now access your hard drive, RAM, and keyboard.

(Replacing the hard drive on a laptop)

Replacing the hard drive on a laptop: Step 7 Hard drive

The actuator, a silver square, is held in place by one small screw that holds the installed housing in place. Unscrew it, and if you don't have tweezers and a steady hand, just flip the laptop over. When your handle closes the open section to get the screw.

Step 8

Step 9

Remove the four Phillips # 1 5.2 mm or larger screws (varies by laptop model). There are two devices on each side of the drive that hold it in the bay.

(Replacing the hard drive on a laptop)

Step 10

Pull the drive out of the bay. If all the screws have been removed correctly, it should just pop out. If the article helped you, share it with your friends. our group

Doctors increasingly prescribe computed and magnetic resonance imaging, since these 2 methods allow the most accurate diagnosis and prescription of the correct treatment. Each of these methods has a number of advantages and is prescribed taking into account contraindications and peculiarities of symptoms.

If you have been prescribed one of these methods, when choosing a clinic, you should pay attention to two important aspects: equipment and doctors. To get high-quality images, you should pay attention to the apparatus with which the study is carried out. The network of diagnostic clinics in Russia provides an opportunity to make examinations using the latest generation equipment from leading foreign manufacturers.

Doctors must also be high-level specialists, it is generally accepted that at least a nurse can sit at the device, but this is an erroneous opinion. The doctor not only examines, but also diagnoses. Try to choose a clinic where doctors are constantly improving their qualifications, participating in lectures and seminars.

How CT works

Examinations of this type are carried out using X-rays, but, unlike conventional X-rays, the apparatus takes many pictures, which are processed by a computer and thus a 3d model of the examined organ is created.

The unambiguous advantage of this method is that the doctor can view the "cut" of the organ in any projection and thus make an accurate diagnosis.

When examining with intravenous contrast management, the doctors of the Tomograd clinic have the opportunity to distinguish benign from malignant formations in:

• Spleen
• Kidney
• Abdominal cavity
• Bladder
• Pancreas, etc.

Indications for CT

Computed tomography is prescribed to diagnose:

• bone component of diseases of the spine and joints;
• bone lesions of a tumor nature;
• damage to the skeleton;
• atherosclerotic vascular changes;
• diseases of the kidneys, lungs, organs of the abdominal and chest cavities, etc. (three-phase contrast study);

How MRI works

Magnetic resonance imaging is fundamentally different from X-ray examination methods. For examination, a magnetic field is used, which is considered absolutely harmless to the human body.

Just like with CT, the images obtained during the procedure are processed by a computer and a three-dimensional picture of the examined organ is obtained.

Indications for MRI

MRI examination is prescribed for:

• frequent dizziness
• prolonged headaches
• numbness of the face, arms and legs
• pain and swelling of the joints
• for diagnosing a stroke in the first hours

Every more or less experienced user knows that there are different types of computers. In particular, they can be divided into stationary computers, nettops, all-in-ones, laptops, netbooks, tablet computers and even PDAs, although these are gradually disappearing from the market and giving way to tablets and smartphones. Let's define what types of computers exist, and what are their main differences.

Personal Computer

This is a classic version of a modern PC, which consists of a system unit and a monitor. Mouse, keyboard, speakers are connected to the unit itself. Conventionally, such systems are subdivided into office, home, and gaming systems. Of course, such a division is very inaccurate, so you need to try to figure it out in more detail.

Office computers

To draw up a document, edit a file, keep accounting records - approximately these types of work are performed by a computer in an office, therefore, its components must be appropriate. For offices, the cheapest and weakest systems are selected that are suitable only for working with office programs. However, if the company is engaged in drawing in programs such as Autocad, then offices can use more powerful systems.

Home

When choosing a PC for home, users try to choose the most advanced systems and powerful components, good monitors. Most do not want to buy processors with integrated video cards, but prefer discrete cards. A home computer should be able to not only play movies and open documents, but even games. Such a system should also be equipped with a large monitor - spending time at such a computer at home is much more pleasant.

Gaming

These are the most powerful systems with a huge amount of RAM, a very powerful central processor and an expensive video card. Such specimens may be water-cooled (and not conventional air), since the components of such systems quickly heat up to high temperatures.

In some variants, several powerful video cards are used, which, thanks to Crossfire and SLI technologies, work together. Also, in such systems, new types of disks (SSD) are necessarily installed, which provide a higher speed of data access. Moreover, special types of screens are even used for them. Computers for games are equipped with cool monitors with a wide diagonal and minimal pixel response time. The most innovative to date is the 49-inch Samsung CHG90 GLED with a unique 3840x1080 resolution.

As for the amount of RAM, gaming systems can use 16 or even 32 GB of RAM, but this is not the limit. Also, in a gaming personal computer, the types of memory should be the most modern. Today it is DDR4.

And all this applies only to personal computers. In this case, different types of platforms can be used. They can be made on the basis of AMD, Intel, Nvidia, Radeon components, and sometimes they can be combined with each other.

Nettops

This type of computer is distinguished by its compactness. Nettops are designed for work, poorly suited for home use, and completely unsuitable for gaming. In general, the term "Nettop" was introduced by Intel when demonstrating its new Intel Atom processors, which, as the company representatives believed, should become the basis and base for creating nettops.

If you give an analogy, then this type of computer is a stationary analogue of a laptop or netbook. These computers have traditional monitors, a mouse and a keyboard, but the system unit used is so small that it can be easily attached to the back of the monitor. As a result, the huge box is missing, saving space.

Nettops are very weak computers that are equipped with budget hardware. Due to the low performance of the components, they heat up very little, which makes it possible to place them in a small box without effective cooling. This box is neatly attached to the monitor. Due to the use of weak components, such systems are very cheap, so they are often bought for use in offices. They enable users to work with office programs, browsers, etc. You should definitely not expect high performance from them. Their main task is to ensure the ability of staff to work and at the same time save the company's budget. They are doing great with her.

Good examples of these types of computers are the following models: ASUS Eee Box, Acer AspireRevo AR1600. These systems are based on an Intel Atom chip and an Nvidia graphics card.

Note that although nettops are a convenient solution for offices, they practically did not take root. Most often, even in small companies, for the needs of staff, they purchase cheap desktop computers with classic system units.

Monoblocks

This type of computer is very similar to a nettop, only in this case there is a screen, components, speakers, a webcam, and a microphone in a single case. Such a computer is ergonomic, takes up little space (at least, there is no awkward system unit), looks aesthetically pleasing. It is also more transportable than a regular desktop PC.

However, there are also disadvantages of such a device. At the very least, it is more difficult to repair and upgrade. And if something breaks inside, then it will be very difficult to replace and even more to repair the component. If the candy bar is not under warranty, then you will have to pay for the repair service yourself, and this will cost more than repairing a classic desktop computer.

Considering the fact that such computers are most often bought for the home, TV tuners have recently begun to be built into them, which allow you to watch TV. That is, such a device combines a computer and a TV, which is convenient. More advanced computers are equipped with touch screens, which eliminates the keyboard and mouse altogether. The well-known monoblocks from Apple are popular, however, they are extremely expensive. By the way, the price is the main disadvantage of such systems. At a high cost, they use weak components, which, if they provide high performance, then only when performing routine tasks. You cannot play games on such computers.

Tablet computers

Tablets are very popular today and are actively sold in the respective stores. It was originally thought that they would be used as a work tool, although in reality users buy them as multimedia devices. It is convenient to use tablets on social networks, the Internet, watch movies, read books. It may seem that a modern tablet is a smaller all-in-one, but, in fact, it is not. The monoblock has the ability to realize air cooling by installing fans. There is no such possibility in the tablet, so weak hardware is used here a priori. And although modern mobile processors are powerful, they are still inferior in performance to full-fledged ones.

Laptops

Most citizens have these portable personal computers. This is one of the most practical types of PCs and is very popular. There are many models on the market from different manufacturers.

A feature of the laptop is its portable case, which is divided into two parts: in one part there are components (it can be both powerful hardware and budget), in the other - the screen. Moreover, the type of computer screens can be any: with IPS, PVA, TN, MVA matrix, with large or narrow viewing angles, etc.

When it comes to accessories, there is also room for choice. For work or study, you can pick up a weak laptop with budget hardware, and for games, some manufacturers create quite expensive gaming platforms with efficient cooling and powerful components.

The difference between a laptop and a monoblock or nettop is not only its physical design, but also autonomous operation. Thanks to the use of the battery, the laptop can be operated on the street, in a cafe, at an institute. True, modern models are capable of working for three to four hours without recharging, but this is already quite good. Some standalone laptops can last 15 hours at a low brightness setting.

By the way, laptops in the West (and we also) are called laptops (laptop). They have certain advantages over stationary computers in the form of classic systems, monoblocks and even nettops:

1. Low weight.
2. Compactness and the possibility of transformation.
3. Autonomy.

At the same time, laptops have the same capabilities as conventional stationary models. They are initially equipped with adapters for receiving a Wi-Fi signal, a webcam, and a keyboard (built into the body). The touchpad serves as a mouse, although a full-fledged mouse can be connected via the USB interface.

At the moment, many manufacturers produce laptops. Products of brands Samsung, Acer, Asus, Lenovo are very popular. These companies offer a fairly large selection of laptops in the mid-range price range. Manufacturers such as MSI present notebooks at a high price point. They specialize in the implementation of gaming platforms with efficient cooling systems and the best hardware. Naturally, a computer with productive components can process any kind of information. And the fact that it was developed for games does not mean that you cannot work on it.

Netbooks

As laptops became very popular, some manufacturers took the bold step towards reducing their already compact devices. As a result, netbooks appeared - smaller counterparts of laptops that had 10-inch displays (most often the screen diagonal was just that). It is difficult to say what kind of work this type of computer does. Most likely, they were intended for Internet access, work with office applications, although their hardware was so weak that it was not possible to start a couple of unnecessary processes. Typically, netbooks used Intel Atom processors, which Intel previously made for nettops, and they found their way into netbooks.

And although such models were compact and very light, they very quickly disappeared from the market due to low demand. Today it is difficult to find a netbook in a store, as it is unprofitable to sell them. Everyone prefers to use classic laptops, despite the fact that they are larger and heavier.

Smartphones or PDAs

Previously, only a few had a handheld computer (pocket personal computer). However, this gadget did not take root, as soon after its appearance, ordinary mobile phones were transformed into smartphones. They have improved, become affordable, so the need for a PDA has completely disappeared. In terms of their design, smartphones are very close to tablet computers and differ from them only by a smaller screen and the presence of SIM card slots, which allows you to make calls.

Finally

The personal computer and its types are constantly changing. It is possible that in the near future there will be some new type of PC that will revolutionize the field of digital technology. Sooner or later this will surely happen, because every year the components become more powerful and productive.