Dates in Russian history: chronology. Dates in the history of Russia: chronology History of ancient Rus' in tables and diagrams
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History table: Reforms of Emperor Peter I
Peter I is one of the most prominent rulers of the Russian state, ruling from 1682 to 1721. During his reign, reforms were carried out in many areas, many wars were won, and the foundation for the future greatness of the Russian empire was laid!
Table navigation: Reforms of Peter 1:
| Reforms in the field: | Reform date: | Reform name: | The essence of the reform: | Results and significance of the reform: |
| In the field of army and navy: | 1. Creation of a regular army | Creation of a professional army, replacing the local militia and streltsy troops. Formation based on conscription | Russia became a great military and naval power and won the Northern War, gaining access to the Baltic Sea | |
| 2. Construction of the first Russian fleet | A regular navy appears | |||
| 3. Training of personnel and officials abroad | Training of military and sailors from foreign professionals | |||
| In the economic sphere: | 1. Militarization of the economy | State support for the construction of metallurgical plants in the Urals. During times of military difficulties, bells were melted down to make cannons. | An economic basis for conducting military operations has been created - strengthening the defense capability of the state | |
| 2. Development of manufactories | Creation of many new manufactories Registration of peasants to enterprises (registered peasants) | Industry growth. The number of manufactories increased 7 times. Russia is becoming one of the leading industrial powers in Europe. Many industries are being created and modernized. | ||
| 3. Trade reform | 1. Protectionism - support for your manufacturer; export more goods than import; high customs duties on the import of foreign goods. 1724 – Customs tariff 2. Construction of canals 3. Search for new trade routes | Growth of industry and flourishing trade | ||
| 4. Craft | Association of artisans into workshops | Improving the quality and productivity of artisans | ||
| 1724 | 5. Tax reform | A poll tax was introduced (levied on males) instead of a household tax. | Budget growth. Increasing the tax burden on the population | |
| Reforms in the field of state and local self-government: | 1711 | 1. Creation of the Governing Senate | 10 people who made up the king’s inner circle. Helped the Tsar in state affairs and replaced the Tsar during his absence | Improving the efficiency of government bodies. Strengthening royal power |
| 1718-1720 | 2. Creation of boards | 11 boards replaced many orders. The cumbersome and confusing system of executive power has been put in order. | ||
| 1721 | 3. Peter's acceptance of the imperial title | Increasing the authority of Peter 1 abroad. Discontent of the Old Believers. | ||
| 1714 | 4. Decree on unified inheritance | He equated estates with estates, nobles with boyars. Only one son inherited the property | Elimination of the division between boyars and nobles. The emergence of landless nobility (due to the ban on the division of land between heirs) After the death of Peter 1, it was cancelled. | |
| 1722 | 5. Adoption of the Table of Ranks | There are 14 ranks established for officials and military personnel. Having reached the 8th rank, the official became a hereditary nobleman | Opportunities for career growth opened up for everyone, regardless of background | |
| 1708 | 6. Regional reform | The country was divided into eight provinces | Strengthening the authority of local authorities. Putting things in order | |
| 1699 | Urban reform | An elected Burmister Chamber was created | Development of local government | |
| Church reforms: | 1700 | 1. Liquidation of the patriarchate | The Emperor became the de facto head of the Orthodox Church | |
| 1721 | 2. Creation of the Synod | Replaced the Patriarch, the composition of the Synod was appointed by the Tsar | ||
| In the sphere of folk culture and everyday life: | 1. Introduction of European style | Mandatory wearing of European clothes and shaving of beards - payment of a tax was introduced for refusal. | Many were dissatisfied, the king was called the Antichrist | |
| 2. Introduction of a new calendar | The chronology from the Nativity of Christ replaced the chronology “from the creation of the world.” The start of the year has been moved from September to January. | Instead of 7208, the year 1700 came. The chronology has survived to this day. | ||
| 3. Introduction of the civil alphabet | ||||
| 4. Transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg | Peter did not like Moscow with its “inveterate antiquity”; he built a new capital near the sea | A “window to Europe” has been cut. High mortality rate among city builders | ||
| In the field of education and science: | 1. Education reform | Training of specialists abroad Creation of schools in Russia Support of book publishing | Improving the quality of education and the number of educated people. Training of specialists. Serfs could not attend public schools | |
| 1710 | 2. Introduction of the civil alphabet | Replaced the old Church Slavonic alphabet | ||
| 3.Creation of the first Russian Museum of Kunstkamera | ||||
| 1724 | 4. Decree on the establishment of the Academy of Sciences | It was created after the death of Peter 1 |
Chronological table with dates on the history of Russia.
VI century - The legend about Prince Kiy - the founder of the city of Kyiv.
9th century - Formation of the Old Russian state
860 - Russian campaign against Constantinople.
882 - Unification of Novgorod and Kyiv under Prince Oleg.
907, 911 - Oleg’s campaigns to Constantinople. Treaty with the Greeks.
944 - Treaty of Igor with Byzantium.
945 - Revolt of the Drevlyans.
957 - Olga's embassy to Constantinople.
964-972 - Campaigns of Svyatoslav.
980-1015 - Reign of Vladimir I.
988 - Russia's adoption of Christianity.
1015 - Uprising in Novgorod against the Varangians.
1019-1054 - The reign of Yaroslav the Wise.
1068-1072 - Public performances in Kyiv, Novgorod, Rostov-Suzdal, Chernigov lands.
1097 - Lyubech Congress of Russian Princes.
1113 - Uprising in Kyiv.
1113-1125 - Reign of Vladimir Monomakh.
1136 -- Establishment of a republic in Novgorod.
1147 - First mention in the chronicle of Moscow.
Beginning of the 12th - end of the 15th centuries. - Feudal fragmentation of Rus'.
1169 - Capture of Kyiv by the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky.
1202 - Formation of the Order of the Sword.
1206-1227 - Reign of Genghis Khan.
1219-1221 - Conquest of Central Asia by the Mongol-Tatars.
Beginning of the 13th century - Formation of the Lithuanian state.
1227-1255 - Reign of Batu.
1235-1243 - Conquest of Transcaucasia by the Mongol-Tatars.
1236 - Conquest of Volga Bulgaria by the Mongol-Tatars.
1237-1240 - Conquest of Rus' by the Mongol-Tatars.
1237 - Formation of the Livonian Order.
1243 - Formation of the Golden Horde state.
1247 - Formation of the Tver Principality.
1252-1263 - Alexander Nevsky - Grand Duke of Vladimir.
1262 - Uprisings in Russian cities against the Mongol-Tatars.
1276 - Formation of the Moscow Principality.
1299 - Metropolitan moves from Kyiv to Vladimir.
1301 - Annexation of Kolomna to Moscow.
1302 - Pereyaslavl-Zalessky joins the Moscow Principality.
1303 - Annexation of Mozhaisk to Moscow.
1310 - Adoption of Islam as the state religion of the Golden Horde.
About 1313-1392 - Sergius of Radonezh.
1327 - Uprising in Tver against the Golden Horde.
1328 - Transfer of the center of the metropolis to Moscow.
1359-1389 - Reign of Dmitry Donskoy in Moscow (from 1363 - Grand Duke of Vladimir).
OK. 1360-1430 - Andrey Rublev.
1363 - Victory of Lithuanian troops over the Horde at Blue Waters. Entry of Kyiv into Lithuania. 1367 - Construction of the white stone Kremlin in Moscow.
1378 - First victory over the Golden Horde on the Vozha River.
1382 - Defeat of Moscow by Tokhtamysh.
1385 - Union of Krevo between Lithuania and Poland.
1393 - Annexation of Nizhny Novgorod to Moscow.
1395 - Timur's destruction of the Golden Horde.
1425-1453 - Great feudal war between the sons and grandsons of Dmitry Donskoy.
1437 - Formation of the Kazan Khanate.
1439 - Union of Florence.
1443 - Formation of the Crimean Khanate.
1448 - Election of Jonah to the Russian metropolis. Autocephaly of the Russian Orthodox Church.
1453 - Fall of the Byzantine Empire.
1462-1505 - Reign of Ivan III
1463 - Annexation of the Yaroslavl principality to Moscow.
1469-1472 - Travel of Afanasy Nikitin to India.
1471 - Battle on the river. Sheloni of Moscow and Novgorod troops.
1474 - Rostov the Great joins Moscow.
1478 - Annexation of Novgorod the Great to Moscow.
1480 - Standing on the Ugra River. The final overthrow of the Mongol-Tatar yoke.
1484-1508 - Construction of the current Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Chamber of Facets, brick walls.
1485 - Annexation of Tver to Moscow.
1489 - Vyatka land annexed to Moscow.
1497 - Code of Law of Ivan III.
End of the 15th - beginning of the 16th centuries. - Formation of the Russian centralized state.
1500-1503, 1507-1508, 1512-1522, 1534-1537 - Russian-Lithuanian wars.
1502 - End of the Golden Horde.
1503 - Church council on the issue of monastic land ownership (Nil of Sorsky - Joseph of Volotsky).
1505-1533 - Reign of Vasily III.
1510 -- Pskov joins Moscow.
1514 - Annexation of Smolensk to Moscow.
1521 - Annexation of the Ryazan and Seversk lands to Moscow.
1547 - Uprising in Moscow.
1549 - The convening of Zemsky Councils begins.
1550 - Code of Law of Ivan IV.
1551 - Hundred-Glavy Cathedral.
1552 - Annexation of the Kazan Khanate to Moscow.
1552-1557 - The Volga region became part of Russia.
1556 - Annexation of the Astrakhan Khanate to Russia.
1558-1583 - Livonian War.
1561 - Defeat of the Livonian Order.
1564 - Book printing begins in Russia. "Apostle".
1565-1572 - Oprichnina.
1569 - Union of Lublin. Formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1581 - First mention of reserved years.
1581 - Ermak’s campaign to Siberia.
1582 - Yam-Zapolsky truce with Poland.
1583 - Peace of Plus with Sweden.
1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate. Patriarch Job.
1591 - Death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich.
1592 - Compilation of scribal and census books.
1595 - Treaty of Tyavzin with Sweden.
1596 - Brest Church Union.
1597 - Decree on a five-year search for fugitives.
1598-1605 - Board of B.F. Godunov.
1603-1604 - Cotton's Rebellion.
1605-1606 - Reign of False Dmitry I.
1606-1607 - Rebellion of I.I. Bolotnikov.
1606-1610 - Reign of Vasily Shuisky.
1607 - Decree on a fifteen-year search for fugitives.
1607-1610 - False Dmitry II. Tushino camp.
1610-1613 - Seven Boyars.
1612, October 26 - Liberation of Moscow from the invaders by the people's militia under the leadership of K. Minin and D. Pozharsky.
1617 - Peace of Stolbovo with Sweden.
1618 - Deulin truce with Poland.
1645-1676 - Reign of Alexei Mikhailovich.
1648-1654 - Liberation war of the Ukrainian people against the Poles under the leadership of B. Khmelnitsky.
1649 - Council Code of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
1649 - Peace of Zborov.
1651 - Peace of Belotserkov.
1651 - Beginning of reforms of Patriarch Nikon. Split.
1654-1667 - War with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for Ukraine.
1661 - Peace of Kardis with Sweden.
1662 - “Copper riot” in Moscow.
1667 - Truce of Andrusovo with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1667-1669 - “Campaign for zipuns.”
1667 - New trading charter.
1667-1676 - Solovetsky uprising.
1670-1671 - Peasant war led by S.T. Razin.
1676-1682 - reign of Fyodor Alekseevich.
1676-1681 - War between Russia and Turkey.
1682, 1698 - Streltsy uprisings in Moscow.
1682 - Abolition of localism.
1682-1689 - Reign of Sophia.
1682-1725 - Reign of Peter I, until 1696 together with Ivan V (from 1682 to 1689 - under the regency of Sophia).
1686 - “Eternal Peace” with Poland.
1687 - Opening of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.
1687, 1689 - Crimean campaigns of V.V. Golitsyn.
1689 - Treaty of Nerchinsk with China.
1695, 1696 - Azov campaigns of Peter I.
1697-1698 - “The Great Embassy”.
1700-1721 - Northern War.
1707-1708 - uprising led by K. Bulavin.
1708-1710 - Establishment of provinces.
1710-1711 - Prut campaign.
1711 - Establishment of the Senate.
1713 - Transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg.
1714 - Decree on unified inheritance.
1718-1721 - Establishment of colleges.
1720 - Victory of the Russian fleet at Grengam Island.
1721 - Permission to buy peasants for factories.
1721 - Establishment of the Synod.
1722 - Table of Ranks.
1722 - Decree on succession to the throne: the emperor himself can appoint an heir to himself
1722-1723 - Caspian campaign.
1725 - Opening of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
1725-1727 - Reign of Catherine I.
1726-1730 - Supreme Privy Council.
1727-1730 - Reign of Peter P.
1730-1740 - The reign of Anna Ioannovna. Bironovism.
1731 - Abolition of sole inheritance.
1741-1761 - The reign of Elizabeth Petrovna.
1750 - Opening of the first Russian theater in Yaroslavl.
1756-1763 - Seven Years' War.
1761-1762- Reign of Peter Sh.
1762 - Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility.
1762-1796 -The reign of Catherine II.
1764 - Secularization of church property.
1764 - Elimination of the hetmanate in Ukraine.
1768 - Beginning of issue of banknotes.
1767-1768 - Laid commission,
1768-1774 - Russian-Turkish War. Kuchuk-Kainardzhiysky world.
1771-Plague riot in Moscow.
1772, 1793, 1795 - Partitions of Poland.
1773-1775 - Rebellion of E.I. Pugachev.
1775 -- Institution on the provinces of the Russian Empire.
1783 -- Treaty of Georgievsk. Transition of Eastern Georgia; under Russian protectorate.
1785 - Charters granted to the nobility and cities.
1787-1791 -Russian-Turkish War. Yassy world.
1796-1801 - Reign of Paul I
1797 - Manifesto on the three-day corvee.
1801-1825 - Reign of Alexander I Pavlovich.
1802 - Establishment of ministries in Russia.
1803 - Decree on “free cultivators”.
1804-1813 - Russian-Iranian War.
1805-1807 - Russia's participation in the III and IV anti-Napoleonic coalitions.
1806-1812 - Russian-Turkish War.
1807 - Peace of Tilsit.
1810 - Creation of the State Council.
1812, December 21 - Order of M.I. Kutuzov to the army on the expulsion of the French army from Russia.
1813-1814 - Foreign campaigns of the Russian army.
1813 - “Battle of the Nations” at Leipzig.
1816-1817 - Activities of the Union of Salvation.
1818-1821 - Activities of the “Union of Welfare”.
1820 - Uprising in the Semenovsky regiment.
1821 - Formation of Southern Society.
1822 - Formation of the Northern Society.
1823 - Formation of the Society of United Slavs.
1825-1855 - Reign of Nicholas I Pavlovich.
1826 - Publication of the “cast iron” censorship charter.
1826-1828 - Russian-Iranian War.
1828-1829 - Russian-Turkish War.
1837 - Construction of the railway from St. Petersburg to Tsarskoe Selo.
1837-1841 - P.D. Kiselev carried out reforms in the management of state peasants. 1839-1843 - Monetary reform by E.F. Kankrin.
1842 - Publication of a decree on “obligated peasants.”
1844-1849 - Activities of the secret circle of M.V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky.
1845 - Formation of the Slavic Society of St. Cyril and Methodius.
1853-1856 - Creation of the “Free Russian Printing House”.
1855-1881 - Reign of Alexander II Nikolaevich.
1855 - Signing of the Treaty of Shimoda between Russia and Japan.
1856 - Paris Congress.
1860 - Beijing Treaty between Russia and China.
1861-1863 - Activities of the secret circle "Velikorus".
1861-1864 - Activities of the organization “Land and Freedom”.
1864 - Judicial, zemstvo and school reforms.
1864-1885 - Conquest of Central Asia by Russia.
1866 - Formation of the Turkestan General Government.
1868 - Establishment of vassal dependence of the Bukhara Emirate on Russia.
1870 - Founding of the Russian section of the First International.
1870 - Publication of the “City Regulations”.
1873 - Creation of the Union of Three Emperors.
1874 - Military reform. Introduction of universal conscription.
1874 - First “going to the people.”
1875 - Treaty between Russia and Japan on the division of possessions on the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin Island.
1876 - The Khanate of Kokand joins Russia.
1876-1879 - Activities of the organization “Land and Freedom”.
1876 - Second “going to the people.”
1877-1878 - Russian-Turkish War.
1878 - Signing of the Treaty of San Stefano.
1878 - Berlin Congress.
1879-1881 - Activities of the organization "People's Will".
1879-1881 - Activities of the organization “Black Redistribution”.
1881-1894 - Reign of Alexander III Alexandrovich.
1881 - Adoption of the “Regulations on measures to protect state security and public peace.”
1882 - Transfer of peasants to compulsory redemption.
1885 - Strike at the Nikolskaya manufactory of T.S. Morozov in Orekhovo-Zuevo.
1887 - Circular about “cook’s children.”
1889 - Adoption of the “Regulations on Zemstvo Chiefs”.
1890 - Adoption of the “Regulations on provincial and district zemstvo institutions” (zemstvo counter-reform).
1891-1894 - Formation of the Franco-Russian union.
1892 - Adoption of the “City Regulations” (urban counter-reform).
1894-1917 - Reign of Nicholas II Alexandrovich.
1895 - Creation of the “Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class.”
1897 - The first general population census in Russia.
1897 - Monetary reform by S.Yu. Witte.
1898 - I Congress of the RSDLP.
1901 - “Obukhov Defense”.
1902 - Association of neo-populist circles. Creation of the Socialist Revolutionary Party.
1904-1905 - Russian-Japanese War.
1904, January 26-27 - Attack of Japanese ships on Russian squadrons in Port Arthur and Chemulpo.
1905 - Creation of the “Union of the Russian People”.
1907 - Creation of the “Union of Michael the Archangel”.
1907-1912 - Activities of the III State Duma.
1917, February 27 - Formation of the State Duma Committee and the Petrograd Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
1917, March 2 - Nicholas II abdicates the throne. Formation of the Provisional Government. The establishment of dual power in Russia.
1917, October 24-26 - Armed uprising in Petrograd. II All-Russian Congress of Soviets. Formation of the Soviet government. (Great October Socialist Revolution).
1929 - Complete collectivization begins.
1957 - Reform of civil industry management. Creation of economic councils.
1959 - Visit of N.S. Khrushchev in the USA. 1959-1965 - Seven-year plan.
1970 - XXIV Congress of the CPSU.
1975 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki).
1976 - XXV Congress of the CPSU.
1981 - XXVI Congress of the CPSU.
1982 - Adoption of the Food Program.
1986 - XXVII Congress of the CPSU.
1987-1991 - The period of “perestroika” in the USSR.
1988 - XIX All-Union Party Conference.
1991- Dissolution of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and the Warsaw Pact Organization.
1991, December 8 - Belovezhskaya Agreement on the dissolution of the CCCI and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
1993, September 21 - Decree of President B.N. Yeltsin on the beginning of constitutional reform in Russia and the dissolution of the Supreme Council.
1993, October 3-4 - Armed clashes between supporters of the Supreme Council and government troops in Moscow.
LEADERS OF THE SOVIET STATE AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Head of State
(Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, from 1923 - Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, from 1938 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, from May 1989 to March 1990 - Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, from March 1990 - President of the USSR, from December 1991 – President of the Russian Federation).
1. Kamenev Lev Borisovich - November 1917 (new style)
3. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - March 1919 - March 1946
4. Shvernik Nikolai Mikhailovich – March 1946 – March 1953
5. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich – March 1953 – May 1960
7. Mikoyan Anastas Ivanovich – July 1964 – December 1965
8. Podgorny Nikolay Viktorovich - December 1965 - June 1977
9. Andropov Yuri Vladimirovich – June 1983 – February 1984
10. Chernenko Konstantin Ustinovich - April 1984 - March 1985
11. Gromyko Andrey Andreevich – July 1985 – October 1988
12. Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev – October 1988 – December 1991
13. Yeltsin Boris Nikolaevich - June 1991 to December 1999.
Head of the government
(Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, from July 1923 - Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, from March 1946 - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, from December 1990 to December 1991 - Prime Minister of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR, from December 1991 - Prime Minister Minister of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation)
1. Lenin Vladimir Ilyich - November 1917 - January 1924
2. Rykov Alexey Ivanovich - February 1924 - December 1930
3. Molotov Vyachevlav Mikhailovich - December 1930 - May 1941
4. Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich - May 1941 - March 1953
5. Malenkov Georgy Maximilianovich - March 1953 - February 1955
6. Bulganin Nikolai Alexandrovich – February 1955 – March 1958
7. Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev - March 1958 - October 1964
8. Kosygin Alexey Nikolaevich – October 1964 – October 1980
9. Tikhonov Nikolay Alexandrovich – October 1980 – September 1985
10. Ryzhkov Nikolay Ivanovich – September 1985 – December 1990
11. Pavlov Valentin Sergeevich – December 1990 – August 1991
12. Gaidar Egor Timurovich - Spanish. oblig. – December 1991 – December 1992
13. Chernomyrdin Viktor Stepanovich - December 1992 - March 1998
14. Kiriyenko Sergey Vladilenovich – March 1998 – August 1998
15. Primakov Evgeniy Maksimovich – September 1998 – May 1999
18. Kasyanov Mikhail Mikhailovich – May 2000 – to present.
Head of Comm, Party
(General Secretary of the Central Committee, from 1953 to 1966. First Secretary of the Central Committee).
Home " " Dates in Russian history: chronology
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The reference book presents the main topics of the school course on the history of Russia in the form of accessible diagrams and tables. A visual, simple and convenient form of presentation of historical material contributes to its better understanding, assimilation and memorization. The book will provide effective assistance in studying new and reviewing previously covered topics, as well as in preparing for the unified state exam in the history course.
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CONTENT
Russia from ancient times to the end of the 16th century
Table /. Settlement of the Eastern Slavs 8
Table 2. Occupations of the Eastern Slavs 9
Scheme 1. Paganism 10
Table 3. Old Russian princes and their policies 11
Scheme 2. Management of the Old Russian state in the X-XII centuries 15
Table 4. Categories of the population of Ancient Rus' 16
Scheme 3. Political fragmentation of Rus' 17
Diagram 4. Mongol conquest 20
Scheme 5. Expansion from the West in XIII to 21
Table 5. The nature of the Horde yoke 23
Table 6. Moscow princes and their policies. 24
Table 7. Prerequisites for the unification of Russian lands into a single state 27
Table 8. Reforms of the mid-16th century. (reforms of the “Chosen Rada”) 28
Diagram 6. Oprichnina policy 30
Scheme 7. Organization of management during the oprichnina years 30
Table 9. Foreign policy of Ivan IV 32
Russia in the XVII-XVIII centuries
Diagram 8. Troubles at the beginning of the 17th century 34
Table 10. Main events of the Troubles 34
Table 11. Consequences of the Troubles 40
Table 12. New phenomena in the Russian economy in the 17th century 41
Table 13. Class structure of Russian society in the 17th century 42
Scheme 9. Management of the Russian state in the 17th century. (highest government bodies) 45
Table 14. Social movements in the 17th century... 46
Scheme 10. Cathedral Code of 1649 49
Table 15. The formation of serfdom in Russia 50
Diagram 11. Church schism 51
Table 16. Russian foreign policy in the 17th century 54
Table 17. Transformations of Peter I (1682-1725) 58
Table 18. Russian foreign policy in the first quarter of the 18th century 61
Table 19. Northern War (1700-1721). .... 64
Scheme 12. Russia during the period of palace coups 68
Table 20. Domestic policy of Catherine II (1762-1796) 73
Table 21. Main events of the peasant uprising led by E. I. Pugachev (1773-1775) 78
Table 22. Russian foreign policy in the second half of the 18th century 81
Table 23. Domestic and foreign policy of Paul I (1796-1801) 84
Russia in the 19th century
Table 24. Domestic policy of Alexander I (1801-1825) 88
Table 25. Domestic policy of Nicholas I (1825-1855) 91
Table 26. Patriotic War of 1812 94
Table 27. Decembrist movement 97
Scheme 13. Decembrist uprising 100
Scheme 14. Social thought in the second quarter of the 19th century 102
Scheme 15. Annexation of the Caucasus (1817-1864) 104
Scheme 16. Crimean (Eastern) War (1853-1856) 105
Scheme 17. Great reforms of the 1860-1870s. . . 109
Scheme 18. Counter-reforms of the 1880s 118
Scheme 19. Social movements of the second half of the 19th century 120
Table 28. Russian foreign policy in the 1860-1890s 127
Russia in the 20th - early 21st centuries
Scheme 20. The political system of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century in 133
Table 29. Class structure of Russian society at the beginning of the 20th century 133
Scheme 21. Industrial rise. Formation of monopolies 135
Scheme 22. Russian-Japanese War (1904-1905). 137
Table 30. The main political parties in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century in 139
Scheme 23. Revolution of 1905-1907 144
Table 31. Experience of Russian parliamentarism (1906-1917), 148
Scheme 24. Agrarian reform of P. A. Stolypin 150
Scheme 25. Russia in the First World War (1914-1918) 152
Diagram 26. Fall of the monarchy 155
Scheme 27. Provisional Government and Soviets. . 158
Diagram 28. Main internal political events (April-October 1917) 159
Diagram 29. Preparation for the October armed uprising of 1917 in Petrograd 162
Table 32. Progress of the October armed uprising 163
Table 33. Main decisions of the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets (October 25-27, 1917) 163
Table 34. Bolshevik policy (1917-1918) 165
Table 35. Civil war and foreign military intervention 168
Table 36. “War communism.” New Economic Policy 174
Scheme 30. Education of the USSR 178
Diagram 31. Supreme bodies of state power and administration of the USSR (1924) 180
Table 37. Further nation-state building in the USSR 181
Scheme 32. Intra-party struggle 181
Table 38. Phases of internal party struggle. . 182
Table 39. Industrialization. Collectivization of agriculture 184
Scheme 33. Fundamental changes in spiritual life 189
Scheme 34. Cult of personality of J.V. Stalin 193
Diagram 35. Mass repressions 193
Diagram 36. Supreme bodies of state power and administration of the USSR (1936) 195
Diagram 37. USSR in the system of international relations in the 1920-1930s 196
Scheme 38. The Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). . 200
Table 40. Main stages of the Great Patriotic War (June 22, 1941 - May 9, 1945) 201
Table 41. Soviet rear during the war 206
Scheme 39. Partisan movement 209
Table 42. Conferences of leaders of the leading countries of the anti-Hitler coalition - the USSR, Great Britain and the USA (“Big Three”). 212
Scheme 40. Results of the Great Patriotic War 214
Scheme 41. Post-war restoration of the national economy 216
Diagram 42. Ideological campaigns of the second half of the 1940s - early 1950s. . . 218
Diagram 43. “Cold War” (1946-1990) 220
Table 43. Intra-party struggle in the leadership of the USSR in the mid-1950s 223
Scheme 44. Thaw 225
Table 44. Reforms in the socio-economic sphere 228
Diagram 45. Policy of peaceful coexistence 234
Scheme 46. USSR in the mid-1960s - mid-1980s 236
Table 45. Economic reforms of 1965. . 238
Scheme 47. Bodies of state power and administration of the USSR (1977) 239
Table 46. Foreign policy of the USSR (1965-1985) 240
Table 47. Increasing crisis phenomena in Soviet society 242
Table 48. Policy of perestroika and glasnost 245
Table 49. Socio-economic transformations 251
Table 50. Foreign policy: new political thinking 258
Table 51. Collapse of the USSR 261
Table 52. Political crisis in the autumn of 1993 264
Scheme 48. Bodies of state power and administration of the Russian Federation (since the end of 1993) 268
Table 53. Transition to a market economy. . . 269
Table 54. Political development of modern Russia 274
Table 55. Economic development of modern Russia 279
Table 56. Russia in the system of modern international relations 282
M.: 2016. - 96 p.
This manual fully complies with the federal state educational standard (second generation). The manual, in the form of diagrams and tables, presents the main stages of the history of Russia and world history - from the Primitive era and the emergence of the first state formations to 2015. A visual presentation of the material will help students successfully master difficult issues in the history of Russia and world history. The manual is intended for preparation for the Main State Exam (GIA-9) and the Unified State Exam in History, as well as for tests and seminars.
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CONTENT
Russian history
1. The main stages of the history of the Old Russian state 6
2. Ancient Rus' in the 1st-13th centuries 7
3. Russian lands during the period of fragmentation (mid-XII - mid-XIII centuries) 8
4. Novgorod Boyar Republic. XII century 9
5. Beliefs of the Eastern Slavs 10
6. Formation of the Russian centralized state 11
7. Moscow - the center of the unification of Russian lands 12
8. Formation of the Russian centralized state in the 15th - early 16th centuries 13
9. Creation of centralized authorities. End of the 15th - beginning of the 16th century 14
10. Theory “Moscow - Third Rome” 15
11. Russian state in the 16th century 16
12. Political program of I.S. Peresvetova 17
13. Class system in Russia in the XV - XVI centuries 18
14. Features of traditionalism and modernization in culture 19
15. Elements of traditional Russian culture. XVI at 20
16. Formation of the Russian state in the 16th - early 18th centuries 21
17. Time of Troubles: reasons 22
18. Time of Troubles: main stages 23
19. Social class representation at the Zemsky Councils of the 17th century 24
20. State apparatus of Russia in the 17th century 25
21. Legislative registration of serfdom 26
22. Council Code of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich 27
23. Authorities and administration of the Russian Empire in the 20s - 70s. XVIII century 28
24. Reforms of Peter the Great in the first quarter of the 18th century 29
25. 1730: missed chance 30
26. Authorities and administration of the Russian province and district at the end of the 18th century 31
27. Judicial institutions of the province and district at the end of the 18th century 32
28. City management at the end of the 18th century 33
29. Class structure of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 18th century 34
30. Russian absolute monarchy in 1725 - 1855 35
31. Geographical factors in the formation of Russian civilization 36
32. Management structure of the Russian Empire in the first quarter of the 19th century 37
33. Estates in Russia in the first half of the 19th century 38
34. Formation and development of political thought in Russia 39
35. Three political movements in Russia in the 60s - 80s of the 19th century 40
36. Westerners and Slavophiles 41
37. Populism 42
38. Russia in 1855 - 1917 43
39. Peasant reform of 1861 44
40. The judicial system of Russia after 1864 45
41. Zemstvo reform of 1864 46
42. Political parties of Russia at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century 47
43. Higher and central government institutions of the Russian Empire after 1905 48
44. The highest bodies of state power and administration of the Russian Empire during the First World War. 1914-1917 49
45. Russia, USSR in 1917-1945 50
46. Supreme bodies of state power and administration in Russia in February - October 1917 51
47. Supreme bodies of power and administration of the RSFSR in 1918 - 1922 52
48. Supreme and central bodies of power and administration of the USSR in 1922 - 1936 53
49. The struggle for power in the leadership of the Bolshevik Party in the 20s of the XX century 54
50. USSR in 1945 - 1985 55
51. Bodies of state power and administration of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. 1941 - 1945 56
52. Bodies of state power and administration of the USSR according to the Constitution of 1977 57
53. USSR in 1985 - 1991 58
54. Russia in 1992-2012 59
55. Bodies of state power and administration of the Russian Federation as of 2015 60
General history
1. Primitive 61
2. The emergence of civilizations 62
3. Society of Ancient Egypt 63
4. Athenian democracy. V-IV centuries BC 64
5. Roman Republic. III - II centuries BC 65
6. Slavery in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome 66
7. Greco-Persian wars. 500 - 449 BC 67
8. Antiquity and the Middle Ages 68
9. Crusades. 1096-1270 69
10. Estate-representative bodies in Europe in the Middle Ages 70
11. Peasant community 71
12. Medieval castle. XII - XIII centuries 72
13. Vassal pyramid. VIII - XIV centuries 73
14. City government. XII - XV centuries 74
15. Renaissance in the history of Europe. XIV-XVI centuries 75
16. Modern times (XVI - early XX centuries) 76
17. Reformation. 16th century 77
18. Dutch revolution. 1566-1609 78
19. English revolution. 1640-1660 79
20. Age of Enlightenment. XVIII - mid-XIX centuries 80
21. The Great French Revolution. 1789-1799 81
22. Industrial revolution. 60s - 80s of the 18th century. - second half of the 19th century in 82
23. Transition to an industrial society 83
24. Political structure of the USA according to the Constitution of 1787 84
25. North and South US 85
26. Conservatism 86
27. Liberalism 87
28. Socialist teachings of the 19th century 88
29. Industrial society. XIX century 89
30. First World War. 1914 - 1918 90
31. World War II. 1939 - 1945 91
32. "Cold War". Creation of military-political blocs. 1946 - late 80s - early 90s 92
33. Formation of the European Union 93
34. Social state 94
35. Global problems of our time 95
