Types of numerals - simple, compound and complex. “Simple, complex and compound numerals
1)simple (one, seven), complex (twenty, seventy), compound (twenty-two, seventy-one)
2)1. For the numerals “FIVE” - “NINETEEN”, as well as “TWENTY” and “THIRTY” b is written at the end, and for the numerals “FIFTY” - “EIGHTY” and “FIVE HUNDRED” - “NINE HUNDRED” - in the middle of the word.
2. The numerals “NINETY” and “STO” have the ending O in the nominative and accusative cases, and in the remaining cases - the ending A. (SPENDING A HUNDRED RUBLES, A HUNDRED RUBLES ARE NOT ENOUGH). The numeral “FORTY” in the nominative and accusative cases has a zero ending, and in other cases it has the ending A. (HE IS NOT EVEN FORTY YEARS OLD). In the nominative and accusative cases, the numeral “TWO HUNDRED” has the ending I, and the numerals “THREE HUNDRED” and “FOUR HUNDRED” have the ending A. (HAS ALREADY EXISTED FOR THREE HUNDRED YEARS).
3. Complex numbers (both quantitative and ordinal), consisting of two bases, are written together (SIXTEEN, SIXTEENTH, NINE HUNDRED, NINE HUNDRED).
4. Compound numerals are written separately, having as many words as there are in number significant figures, not counting the zeros (FIVE HUNDRED TWENTY THREE. FIVE HUNDRED TWENTY THIRD). However, ordinal numbers ending in - THOUSANDTH, - MILLION, - BILLION are written together (ONE HUNDRED THOUSANDTH, TWO HUNDRED AND THIRTY-FIVE BILLION).
5. Fractional numerals are written separately (THREE FIFTHS, THREE INTEGERS AND ONE SECOND), but the numerals TWO-HALF, THREE-HALF, FOUR-HALF are written together. The numerals ONE AND A HALF and ONE AND A HALF HASTA have only two case forms: ONE AND A HALF (ONE AND A HALF in female R.), ONE AND A HALF HAST for the nominative and accusative case and ONE and a half, one and a half hundred for all other cases without gender differences.
6. In compound cardinal numerals, all the words that form them are declined (TWO HUNDRED FIFTY SIX – TWO HUNDRED FIFTY SIX, TWO HUNDRED FIFTY SIX). When declensing fractional numerals, both parts also change (THREE FIFTHS – THREE FIFTHS – THREE FIFTHS – THREE FIFTHS – O T RECH FIFTH) .
7. BUT when declension of a composite ordinal number only the ending of the last component changes (TWO HUNDRED FIFTY-SIXTH - TWO HUNDRED FIFTY-SIXTH - TWO HUNDRED FIFTY-SIXTH).
8. The word THOUSAND is declined as a noun female on -A; the words MILLION and BILLION are declined as nouns male with a base on a consonant.
9. Please note: the numerals BOTH (m. and middle r.) and BOTH (f. r.) are declined in different ways: for the numeral BOTH the basis for declension is OBJ- (BOTH, BOTH, BOTH), and for the numeral BOTH the basis is OBEJ- (BOTH, BOTH, BOTH).
10. Please note: when mixed number the noun is governed by a fraction and is used in the genitive singular: 1 2/3 m (ONE WHOLE AND TWO THIRD METERS).
Numbers in Everyday life play important role, with their help, people determine the number of objects, count time, determine mass, cost and order when counting. Words that can be designated in writing by writing letters and numbers are called numerals. Another definition is: numerals are words denoting the serial number of an object or quantity.
Grammatical signs of numerals
All lexemes denoting integers and fractional numbers, as well as the number of people, animals or objects, are a special group of words, the composition of which is fully formed and does not change.
Such units are one of the important, or, as they also say, significant parts speech and can have several designations:
The concept of number as such: five, ten, fifteen and so on;
Number of specific items: two cars, six houses;
The cumulative value of several items that were counted.
Accordingly, the questions to them sound like this: what is the count? which? How many? Depending on the meaning and the question that the numeral name answers, they are divided into several types (we will talk about this a little later).
For example: Thirty (subject) is divisible by ten. Six six - thirty six(nominal part of the predicate). Speaking about the place of numerals in a sentence, it should be noted that they can be both main and secondary members. Another feature is that the numeral as a part of speech is a non-replenishable group of words. All forms used orally and writing, are formed solely from the names of the numbers. IN syntactic construction a numeral as a part of speech can be either part of the main or part of minor member offers.
Note! The numeral denoting quantity and the noun associated with it always act as one inseparable member of the sentence. For example: We walked until six in the morning. Swimming pool classes start at five o'clock. The girls collected twenty-five daisies.
Types of numerals
Next, you should highlight the initial form of the word being analyzed, what category it belongs to (ordinal or cardinal), structure (simple or compound) and features of its declension by case.
Next step is definition inconsistent symptoms. These are case, gender and number, if these can be recognized.
At the end of the analysis they describe syntactic function words in a sentence, what part of speech it is associated with and whether it is consistent with it. And although such an analysis of the name of a numeral is unlikely to be useful to anyone in life (except perhaps future philologists), but for correct use It is simply necessary to be able to produce words in speech and writing.
Based on their composition, cardinal numbers are divided into simple, complex and composite. Simple numerals are words with a simple base - unmotivated and suffixed: two, five, ten, fourty, one hundred, How many, so many, fifteen, thirty; Complex numerals are words with a complex base: sixty, eight hundred(for details see § 1032, 1034). Compound numerals consist of several words (two or more), each of which is itself a simple or complex numeral: twenty five, eight hundred thirty eight. A compound numeral may include a noun with the meaning of number; For example: thousand nine hundred seventy six; (one) million five thousand one hundred ninety five. When denoting very large numbers or quantities ( billion, thousands billions) are used noun. billion(billion) trillion(a number equal to a thousand billion) quadrillion(conventional name for a number represented by a unit followed by fifteen or twenty zeros), which appear in different combinations with numerals or other nouns: one trillionfive billions eight millions one hundred thousand two hundred eighty one.
DECLINATION OF CARDINAL NUMERALS
Numerals two, three, four form case forms according to the model of the mixed declension of adjectives (see § 1315). The system of their inflections in cosm. pad. is a slightly modified system of inflections of case forms of mixed cl. plural adjectives h. Number two, three, four have the following phonemic composition of inflections:
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Paradigms |
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dv-A |
dv-e |
tr-And |
four-e |
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dv-wow |
tr-eh |
four-eh |
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dv-mind |
tr-eat |
four-eat |
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like them. or gen. P. |
like them. or gen. P. |
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dv-skillfully |
tr-name |
four-me |
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O dv-wow |
O tr-eh |
O four-eh |
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Numerals from five before ten and all numerals in - twenty And - ten form case forms in the third cl. nouns (see § 1187). A distinctive feature of the declension of numerals is - ten is the so-called double declension, i.e. the declension of both components: fifty, fifty, fifty. Numerals in - ten form case forms from variant stems: forms named after. and wine n. have a base on a hard consonant, and the forms of other indirect ones. pad. - for a soft consonant: fifty, But fifty.
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Paradigms |
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five |
fifteen |
fifty |
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heels-And |
fifteen-And |
fifty-And |
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heels-And |
fifteen-And |
fifty-And |
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five |
fifteen |
fifty |
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heels-Yu |
fifteen-Yu |
fifty-Yu |
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O heels-And |
O fifteen-And |
O fifty-And |
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Compound numerals change according to cases. When forming case forms, it is normal to change the cases of each word included in the compound numeral.
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thousand |
two hundred |
eighty seven |
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thousands |
two hundred |
eighty seven |
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thousand |
two hundred |
eighty seven |
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thousand |
two hundred |
eighty seven |
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thousand(thousand) |
two hundred |
eight ten seven |
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O thousand |
O two hundred |
O eighty seven |
DECLINATION OF COLLECTIVE AND INDEFINITE NUMERALS
Collective numbers. both, two, three, four etc., as well as indefinite numbers a lot of, A little, How many, How many-someday, How many-That, some, so many,so many-That form cosm forms. pad. according to the adjective type of declension of adjectives. Collective numerals have case forms with a system of plural inflections. h. Numerals two, three, four have in them. n. inflection | 1 | (spelling - O And - e), and in other case forms of inflection, identical to the inflections of the adjective declension of adjectives in its varieties hard (collective numbers with a stem on a hard consonant) or soft (collective numbers with a stem on |j|)
Number both, both forms case forms from different stems: in the forms kosv. pad. husband. and Wednesday R. – basis |obj|-, in indirect forms. pad. wives R. – basis |about"ej|-.
Kovaleva T.I., teacher of Russian language and literature
Tsentralny village, Volodarsky district, Nizhny Novgorod region. MBOU secondary school No. 45
Subject: “Simple, complex and composite numerals.”
Lesson objectives:
Open the textbooks on page 147 § 60. Read the textbook material.
Using the slide, tell us about groups of numerals? Who will try?
……, repeat what you said…...
- students’ message from the history of numerals;
Eleven is derived from the expression "one over ten" and means "one over ten", ten in pronunciation has changed to dtsat. Our ancestors counted “one per ten”, “two per ten”, that is, one plus ten, two over ten. Gradually, the merging of three words into one gave us eleven, twelve, thirteen. All numerals of the second ten from 11 to 19 are formed this way.
The word million was coined by the famous Italian traveler Marco Polo. Having visited China in the 15th century, he could not find words to express his admiration for the riches of this country. So he formed a new word from the Italian milli (which meant “thousand”) and the particle -one (corresponding to the augmentative suffix -ish). Thus, the word million is literally translated as “thousands”.
c) vocabulary work: one + by + twenty = eleven;
three + by + twenty = thirteen
4. Consolidation
We got acquainted with groups of numerals by structure. Let's consolidate what we have learned by completing the following task.
Slide number 2.
Look at the slide.
Task: Choose and name simple numbers. How did you determine this?
complex numerals
compound numerals
Simple: six plots, eleventh century.
Complex: five hundred rubles, one hundred thousandth customer.
Compounds: two point five percent, thirty-fifth year.
Well done. You completed the task.
List again the groups of numerals for which you were looking for examples.
- work using cards (2 people)
Distributive dictation: divide the numerals into two groups (simple and compound):
Three, forty-eight, one thousand nine hundred forty-five, seventy-seven, five hundred forty-two, three hundred fifteen, six hundred eighty-one, one million two hundred thirty-five thousand nine hundred seventy-one, one hundred and thirteen.
And now you will act as designers.
Assignment: On your desk are parts of sentences with numerals. Make up 3 sentences and write them down in your notebooks.
- Read the sentences and name the group of numerals according to their structure in this proverb.
1. In the Russian language textbook three hundred sixty five pages.
(Composite).
2. We study in sixth class. (Simple).
3.The weight of the candies is fifty t kilogram. (Complex).
4. Test work.
Now let’s check how well you have understood the topic of the lesson.
Assignment: Each of you has assignments with answer forms on your desks. Sign the form. Read the assignment carefully and write your answers on the forms.
Slide number 3.
Look at the key.
sl p s p sl
Check that you are doing the job correctly. Rate yourself and pass the papers.
Let's summarize the test work.
Who did the job without errors? Hands up.
Who made 1 mistake?
Who didn't make it?
I am glad that most of the class learned to identify groups of numerals by structure without errors, i.e. The goals set at the beginning of our lesson have been achieved.
In the next lessons we will continue our acquaintance with numerals.
And today in class we received grades...
Giving marks with a brief comment.
Exercise on house with recommendations (1 min.)
Slide number 4.
§ 60 p.147 Learn groups of numerals by structure.
Exercise 351. Identify groups of numerals by structure.
☼ additionally optional: copy from newspapers or magazines 3
sentences with numerals that differ in their structure.
This :
Do you know that the number “seven” has been considered sacred since ancient times and was very widespread, which is why there are so many proverbs, sayings, and phraseological units with this number.
Assignment: Remember and name examples.
Let me start. In seventh heaven, 7 Fridays in a week, lose 7 skins, sweat, seven spans in the forehead, etc.
Literature.
Russian language. 5th grade. Tutorial for educational institutions with an application on electronic media. At 2 o'clock / [T. A. Ladyzhenskaya, M. T. Baranova, L. A. Trostentsova and others; scientific editor N. M. Shansky]. – 2nd edition – M.: Education, 2013.
Raman T.V. Thematic and lesson planning in the Russian language: 5th grade: to the textbook by T.A. Ladyzhenskaya and others. “Russian language. 5th grade” / T.V. Raman. - M.: Exam, 2006. - 318, - (Series “Training and methodological kit”).
Shibalova L.V. Control and testing work in the Russian language: 5th grade: to the textbook by T. A. Ladyzhenskaya and others. “Russian language: a textbook for educational institutions” / L. V. Shibalova. – 2nd edition, revised and expanded – M.: Publishing House “Exam”, 2013.
Russian language lessons in 5th grade: A book for teachers/G. A. Bogdanova. - 2nd edition - M.: Education, 2003.
Egorova N.V. Lesson developments in the Russian language. 5th grade. - 2nd edition, revised - M.: VAKO, 2013
Exercise: Please indicate: simple ( P.); complex ( sl.); compound ( With) numerals.
One second kilometer, one fourth of the final, seven hundred kilograms, five people, three days, five lessons, eighteen degrees, sixty years, three hundredths of a section, two sevenths.
Card No. 2.
Exercise: Specify: simple ( P.); complex ( sl.); compound ( With) numerals.
One second kilometer, one quarter final, seven hundred kilograms, five people, three days, five lessons, eighteen degrees, sixty years, three hundredths of a section, two sevenths
Card No. 3
Exercise: Specify: simple ( P.); complex ( sl.); compound ( With) numerals.
The Russian language textbook contains three hundred and sixty-five pages.
We are in sixth grade.
The weight of the candies is fifty kilograms.
The Russian language textbook contains three hundred and sixty-five pages.
