What is another name for blackberries? Blackberries medicinal properties and contraindications

Blackberry is a thorny shrub belonging to the genus Rubus (Rosaceae family). The blackberry fruit is a black-purple berry, similar in appearance to a raspberry. Although blackberries grow everywhere, America is considered its homeland, where it is actively cultivated. Gardeners in Mexico are especially successful in this. In Europe, the berry is almost never grown.

Types and varieties of blackberries

There are about 200 types of blackberries, in Two of them are widespread in our country:

1. Bushy blackberry, or bramble - a bush covered with thorns and has inclined stems. The berries are sweet and sour, with a blue-violet color.
2. Gray blackberry (ozhina) - a bush with straight shoots with small thorns, like a raspberry, covered with a whitish coating. The berries are quite small, covered with a bluish coating.

To date, more than 40 varieties of cultivated blackberries are known, let’s name the most famous of them:

Nutritional value, calorie content and composition of blackberries

Blackberries have many beneficial properties. One of them is low calorie content. 100 g of fresh berries contains only 36 kcal.

Nutritional value of 100 blackberries:

• 5.3 g carbohydrates.
• 2 g proteins.
• 0.5 g fat.

Composition of blackberries (per 100 g):

1. Vitamins:

• 15 mg vitamin C.
• 1.2 mg vitamin E.
• 0.4 mg vitamin PP.
• 0.1 mg beta-carotene.
• 0.05 mg vitamin B2 (riboflavin).
• 0.01 mg vitamin B1 (thiamine).
• 17 mcg vitamin A.

2. Minerals:

The benefits and harms of blackberries

Useful properties of blackberries:

• Thanks to the large amount of vitamin C, blackberries are an excellent way to strengthen the immune system. In addition, it has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties.
• Decoctions of blackberry berries and leaves are used to treat diseases of the stomach and intestines, including gastritis.
• An infusion of leaves is used to lower blood pressure and treat atherosclerosis.
• Studies have shown that blackberries prevent the development of cancerous tumors.

What harm can blackberries cause to the body?

1. For all its advantages, blackberries are a strong allergen, so they should not be consumed by people prone to allergic reactions to foods.
2. The berry will not benefit people suffering from kidney disease or high acidity.

Blackberries in the diet of pregnant and lactating women, children, diabetics and athletes

Blackberries are very beneficial for pregnant women . It restores metabolism, normalizes the digestive system and saturates the body with energy.

How to properly collect, consume and store blackberries?

1. Blackberries begin to ripen in August. In this case, as a rule, the bush is picked in batches, about 10 times per season.
2. A ripe, but not overripe, berry should be firm to the touch and have a black color with a reddish tint.
3. Blackberries are harvested only in dry, sunny weather. It is best to do this in the morning, when the dew has dried on the fruit.
4. The berry should be picked together with the stalk, otherwise it will become crushed and quickly release juice.
5. Blackberries can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 4 days. At a temperature of 0 degrees, the berries remain fresh for up to three weeks.
6. Blackberries can be dried and frozen. It is not recommended to wash berries before drying.
7. Blackberries go best with baked goods, any dairy products and berries.

What dishes can you cook with blackberries?

Blackberries for dietary nutrition

Blackberries are classified as negative calorie foods. This means that to digest the berry, the body has to spend more calories than it contains. Thanks to this remarkable property, blackberries are used as a dietary component. For example, it can be consumed during a berry diet.

Those losing weight are offered the following menu:

• Breakfast : 250 g of berries, mineral water or green tea.
• Lunch : a glass of fruit juice.
• Dinner : vegetable soup, fish or chicken with a side dish of rice, buckwheat or vegetables and a light salad.
• Afternoon snack : 250 g berries.
• Dinner : vegetables.

The total energy value of products should not exceed 1000 kcal . You can continue the diet from 2 weeks to a month.

In recent years, blackberries have become increasingly popular, and in many summer cottages they are given no less space than the long-known and well-known raspberries. And such attention is well deserved, because garden blackberries, photos of varieties and descriptions of which are striking in the large size of the berries, are not only productive and tasty, but also quite easy to care for.

The Americans have long been the trendsetters of the world “blackberry fashion” and the leaders in growing this berry. It is not surprising that most of the modern varieties are the creations of scientists and enthusiasts from the USA, who use different types of blackberries in breeding work.

Types of blackberries: photos and descriptions

In most of Russia and Europe, wild plantings of this perennial shrub are formed by blackberry (Rubus caesius) and bushy blackberry (Rubus fruticosus). However, there are several other species whose berries are edible and whose plants share common characteristics.

For example, the giant blackberry from Armenia (Rubus armeniacus) shown in the photo, sometimes called Himalayan, has long been widely cultivated in the USA and Europe. The reason for the popularity of the shrub was simple - large, massively ripening berries with a sweet dessert taste. But the view also had a significant drawback. This crop seemed very thorny, and when the thornless blackberry (Rubus laciniatus) appeared, it was abandoned.

Today, on plantations on the North American continent and all over the world, varieties based on bushy blackberries and blue blackberries, as well as thornless cultivated forms, commonly known as Thornless, are grown.

In the most wild varieties of blackberries, the berries change color as they ripen from green to red or brown, and then to dark purple or almost black. At the same time, the skin of the berries, as can be seen in the photo of a gray blackberry, is covered with a coating that determined the name of the species and is absent in other varieties.

There are differences between the species in the structure of the bush and the appearance of the leaves. It is especially noticeable when looking at the cut blackberry, which is unique in its own way. This species has strongly dissected leaves along the edges, consisting of 5–7 parts, multi-berry clusters and creeping flexible shoots.

Bushy and gray blackberries are common species in Russia that can be found on forest edges, overgrown clearings, along ravines and on river banks. However, the plants found their way into the garden only thanks to breeders who created large-fruited and productive varieties of blackberries.

Varieties of garden blackberries

Since several varieties were used to breed varietal berries, perennial shrubs have different structures and types of fruiting. Like their wild ancestors, many varieties have retained their creeping form. Plants with long shoots, up to several meters, are grown on trellises, which allows you to get the highest possible yield from one bush.

Bush varieties of blackberries are more similar to raspberries. Such specimens bear fruit on two-year-old shoots that retain an erect or semi-lodging form. The height of the plants reaches 2–2.5 meters and needs pruning.

The development of varieties of thornless blackberries has made it easier to care for plantings. Such varieties can be easily identified by their name, to which the prefix Thornless is added, that is, “without thorns.”

Blackberries have a long growing season. On the one hand, this allows the plant to protect itself from spring frosts and return colds. But on the other hand, the harvest ripens late, and in the northern regions the ovaries, never fully ripened, go under the snow. Remontant blackberries, which bear fruit throughout the season, solve the problem.

Today, gardeners have at their disposal many interesting varieties of blackberries that produce large dessert berries. All that remains is to study the photos and descriptions of blackberry varieties and, based on the climatic conditions of the region, choose the appropriate one.

Blackberry Thornless Evergreen

The thornless variety of blackberry Thornless Evergreen was obtained thanks to the observed natural mutation of the dissected blackberry. As a result, European and American farmers at the beginning of the last century received an evergreen plant with excellent productivity, and also without thorns.

Although the 3-gram berries of the blackberry variety shown in the photo are smaller in size and weight than most new varieties, their quantity per cluster is unmatched. One inflorescence can contain up to 70 ovaries, which, after ripening, acquire a blue-black color, a delicate aroma and a pleasant sweet and sour taste.

The openwork, but rather dense foliage of this blackberry variety retains its vibrant color even under the snow, so the plant quickly resumes growth in the spring and blooms.

The plant has many advantages, including productivity, lack of thorns, frost resistance and the ability to transport berries. The main drawback, besides the small mass of the fruit, is the large seeds of the Evergreen Thornless blackberry.

Blackberry Black Satin

The thornless shoots of this variety of blackberries have a semi-creeping shape and form a powerful bush. Until the stems of the Black Satin blackberry reach 2 meters in height, the plant retains its erect appearance. As they grow, the shoots droop and reach 4–5 meters in length at the time of fruiting. The shiny, medium-sized berries weigh from 5 to 8 grams. The ripening of round or round-oval fruits occurs gradually, so the harvest is harvested many times.

Ripe berries have a sweet and sour refreshing taste that is universally useful.

Blackberry Natchez

In 2007, American scientists from Arkansas introduced a new variety of blackberries, Natchez. The peculiarity of the crop is the early ripening of large berries weighing 8–10 grams. Harvesting begins in the first ten days of July and continues until September. The glossy black berries of this variety have an oblong shape, small seeds, juicy pulp with a dessert taste and a bright aroma characteristic of the species.

The harvested crop is stored for several days without loss of quality and can be transported.

Blackberry Agawam

The oblong, shiny berries of Agave blackberries ripen in August. Powerful shoots growing up to 3 meters bear fruit in the second year of life and can withstand abundant harvests. However, in winter, without shelter, the bushes are damaged by frost and require shelter. The variety shown in the photo is characterized by a gradual yield of the harvest, lasting about a month, and excellent taste of universal-purpose berries.

Blackberry Reuben

Hybrid blackberry Ruben bears fruit on shoots of both the first and second years of life. The first harvest occurs in July, then the very large berries, weighing from 10 to 16 grams, ripen at the end of summer and are harvested until October. Remontantaya is distinguished not only by double harvesting of berries, but also by high yield.

Powerful bushes have an erect shape, do without support and tolerate frost well.

Navajo blackberry

Navajo thornless blackberry forms a large, upright bush one and a half to two meters high. The plant is unpretentious, requires minimal care and does not need support. The harvest of large, oval or round berries ripens in August, and its harvest lasts about another month. The mass of the purple-black berry is 5–7 grams. The fruits are tasty, sweet with a slight sourness.

The advantages of this blackberry variety are high yield, excellent taste and type of berries.

Blackberry Triple Crown Thornless

Another American blackberry variety was created by Oregon breeders. A plant that produces stable yields forms a bush with semi-creeping stems up to 3 meters in length. To get the maximum benefit, Triple Crown blackberry shoots are placed on trellises or strong supports that can support clusters of large berries that ripen in the second half of summer.

The peculiarity of the variety is the resistance of the berries to elevated temperatures and transportation, the bright taste of the fruits and their consistently large size throughout the entire ripening period. On average, the yield per bush is about 10 kg of dessert berries, which do not change the taste even when grown without shading.

Triple Crown blackberries, like many American varieties, are not very winter hardy and need to be insulated.

Blackberry Chester (Chester Thornless)

Garden blackberries compare favorably with wild species in terms of berry size and yield. Some varieties, such as Chester blackberries, also do not have thorns, which greatly simplifies the cultivation and care of plantings. The culture is a late-ripening variety. The first berries, weighing from 5 to 8 grams, are ready for picking in mid-August; the last black, fragrant fruits can be enjoyed closer to October. The fruits store well, retain their shape and sweetness. Bushes with a wide crown are easy to care for and can easily be covered for the winter.

Blackberry Karaka Black

By studying descriptions and photos of blackberry varieties, you can not only evaluate the advantages and weaknesses of the culture, but also make amazing discoveries. For example, the new Karaka Black blackberry comes from New Zealand, and the plant’s genus includes not only its closest relatives, but also hybrids obtained from crossing blackberries with.

This method of scientists allows us to achieve the largest possible berries, enhance their delicate aroma and make the fruits more suitable for transportation. The weight of the elongated, tasty berry of the blackberry variety shown in the photo is about 10 grams. The skin is dense, black glossy. The pulp is juicy and tasty.

Due to gradual ripening, a consistently high harvest is collected over a period of 1.5–2 months.

Description of the Loch Ness blackberry variety

A bright aroma, excellent taste with a tart tint and a beautiful, even shape of berries weighing from 5 to 10 grams in weight are the characteristic features of Loch Ness thornless blackberries, thanks to which the variety was highly appreciated by the British Royal Horticultural Society.

From each bush in a summer cottage you can get about 15 kg of ripe berries; under intensive cultivation conditions, the yield increases to 25–30 kg. At the same time, the fruits retain their appearance and taste for several days, which is important for commercial use of plantings. According to the description, Loch Ness blackberries are ready for harvest in mid-August.

Blackberry Polar

Polish breeders developed the Polar blackberry, which is interesting to Russian gardeners due to its high frost resistance and the ability to grow bushes without additional shelter. Vigorous plants provide consistent yields of large, oval-shaped berries with shiny black skin and an excellent sweet taste. The fruits can be used for home canning and eaten fresh.

Blackberry Loch Tay

The thornless Loch Tay blackberry of complex hybrid origin produces sweet large berries with dense pulp and smooth glossy black skin. The leveled dessert fruits begin to ripen in the last ten days of July, and then the harvest does not stop for about a month. Semi-cresting bushes are formed from strong, thornless shoots that form a compact, easy-to-maintain crown.

Description of the blackberry variety Thornfree

One of the first thornless blackberry varieties, which is still deservedly popular among summer residents. According to the description of the variety, it forms a large semi-erect bush, consisting of shoots up to 5 meters long.

The rigid stems perfectly withstand the weight of oval berries weighing from 5 to 8 grams that ripen in August–September.

The variety is distinguished by its disease resistance and high yield.

One cluster can contain from 30 to 120 berries. The black, smooth fruits have juicy pulp and an excellent sweet and sour taste, but when fully ripe, the berries quickly become wrinkled and cannot be stored.

Description of the blackberry variety Bedford Giant

Bedford Giant blackberry plantings have proven themselves equally well in industrial and private gardening. According to the description of the variety, Giant blackberries are plants with creeping, thorny shoots, on which dense black berries weighing up to 7 grams begin to ripen already in July. The fruits have excellent taste, the stems grow well and withstand winter.

Arapaho blackberry

American blackberry varieties are among the most popular in the world. The Arapahoe blackberry, discovered by Arkansas scientists in 1993, is one of a large series of plants named after American Indian tribes. Among the thornless varieties, this variety is considered the earliest.

Berries weighing up to 7 grams ripen in the second half of July. Sweet fruits with black shiny skin have a wide conical shape and juicy pulp, the taste of which is practically not affected by small seeds.

Highly productive bushes are not afraid of diseases and can withstand frosts down to –24 °C.

Blackberry Kiowa

Another variety from Arkansas scientists will give gardeners incredibly large berries that can be called record-breaking. Blackberries of the Kiova variety bear fruits weighing up to 20 grams with medium-sized seeds, thick skin and excellent taste of pulp. The berries ripen gradually, withstand transportation well and do not become smaller by the end of the season. The bushes themselves, formed by erect shoots up to 160 cm high, can withstand frosts down to –23 °C.

Blackberry Apache

The productive frost-resistant variety Apache from the USA was first introduced to the horticultural community in 1999. Thornless blackberries with vigorous, erect shoots produce large, elongated berries weighing up to 10 grams with a sweet taste. The aromatic fruits are equally suitable for fresh consumption and freezing. The variety stands out for its excellent yield, comparable to the best commercial varieties, as well as high frost resistance.

Review of fruiting of some varieties of blackberries - video

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The fruits of a berry subshrub, botanically similar to raspberries (see). Blackberries are not very common in cultivation in the USSR; grows wild everywhere. Blackberries were introduced into cultivated plantings as a result of the work of I.V. Michurin, who... ... Concise Encyclopedia of Housekeeping

Blackberry- Blackberry. BLACKBERRY, woody plants of the genus Rubus. Over 400 species in North America and Eurasia. Gray blackberry, Nessian blackberry (bramberry) are berry crops cultivated mainly in the USA (since the 19th century), as well as in Great Britain, Canada, and Germany; ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

BLACKBERRY, woody plants of the genus Rubus. Over 400 species in North America and Eurasia. Gray blackberry, Nessian blackberry (bramberry) are berry crops cultivated mainly in the USA (since the 19th century), as well as in Great Britain, Canada, and Germany; in Russia … Modern encyclopedia

Women shrub and berry Rubus fruticosus, forest blackberry, southern berry. chill, Sarabalina Psk. | R. caesius, bramble, turquoise, field blackberry, field hogberry, dead raspberry. | astrakh. Sparganium simplex et ramosum, nurse, bramble, cardover,... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Blackberry- Blackberries dream of serious illnesses. Picking blackberries is a sign of failure. Eating it means loss. A blackberry may be dreamed of by a person whose actions or words are unsafe for others. Be afraid of offending a good person. In love… … Large universal dream book

Species of plants of the genus Rubus. Shrubs with biennial woody stems, often covered with thorns. Leaves are trifoliate or palmate. Flowers are bisexual, b. including white, in racemose inflorescences. The fruit is black or black-red, often with a bluish coating... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary

Liana, shrub, bramble, berry, ozhin, rosaceous Dictionary of Russian synonyms. blackberry noun, number of synonyms: 9 elm (4) ... Synonym dictionary

A subshrub of the Rosaceae family, related to raspberries, with abundant fruiting. The fruits are small, reddish black, contain up to 3.7% glucose, up to 3.2% sucrose, up to 2.2% organic acids, vitamins B, E, etc. Widely used in cooking. From … Culinary dictionary

blackberry- gray: 1 flowering branch; 2 fruits. blackberry, species of shrubs of the genus Rubus of the rose family. Over 400 species, in North America and Eurasia; in the USSR about 90 species, mainly in the Caucasus and Central Asia E. sizaya... ... Agriculture. Large encyclopedic dictionary

Types of plants of the genus Rubus, fruit crop. St. 400 species, in the North. America and Eurasia; OK. 90 species are grown in the Caucasus and Middle East. Asia (blue blackberry, mountain blackberry, etc.). Edible fruits contain sugars, organic acids, and vitamins. Productivity 50... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

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