What peacekeeping units have been formed in the Russian Armed Forces. International (peacekeeping) activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Knowledge Hypermarket

International peacekeeping activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Peacemaking is unusual

a task for the military, but only the military can cope with it.

Former Gen. UN Secretary

Dag Hammerskjöld.

Educational - to reveal the essence and knowledge of peacekeeping activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Developmental - to stimulate interest in the life and activities of the RF Armed Forces, to create a sense of friendship and camaraderie. Educational - to cultivate love for the Motherland, to form a sense of pride in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and for one’s country.

During the classes:

Organizing time.

Checking homework.

Studying a new topic.

Firstly, it is maintaining peace and order. Do you agree?

Secondly, it is to restrain conflicting parties from

senseless bloodshed and destruction.

“To earn the gratitude of foreign peoples and make Europe exclaim with a sense of surprise: “The Russian army is invincible in battles and inimitable in the generosity and virtue of peaceful people!” This is a grateful goal worthy of heroes!”

The special status, and the very concept of peacekeeping, was formed under the impression of the grave consequences and horrors of the Second World War. The world community is coming to the conclusion that it is necessary to save the coming generation from the scourge of war. To this end, the UN was created in 1945, which received the authority to take effective collective measures to prevent and eliminate threats to peace and suppress acts of aggression. Three years later, in 1948. Sov-Bez. For the first time, the UN decided to establish a UN mission to monitor the implementation of the terms of the truce in the Middle East and involve military personnel from several countries in its composition. This is how a new form of international military-political cooperation emerged, which received the general name “peacekeeping.”

Currently, Russia has friendly contractual relations with many countries of the world and participates in various international organizations. To prevent inevitable conflicts, Russia first of all tries to use political, economic and other peaceful means. However, sometimes the use of military force is often more effective than persuasion and negotiations.

In addition, the need for a military presence in some strategically important regions of the world is in the interests of ensuring Russia’s national security.

On May 26, 1996, the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On the formation of a special military contingent of the RF Armed Forces to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security” was signed.

Based on these documents, a special contingent was formed consisting of 17 motorized rifle and 4 parachute battalions with a total number of 22 thousand people.

The geography of participation of Russian peacekeeping forces is as follows:

Before 2000 – Transnistria and Abkhazia

Since 1993 – Tajikistan

Since 1999 – autonomous province of Kosovo (Yugoslavia)

Recruitment of the MS takes place on a voluntary basis through competitive selection from among persons undergoing military service under a contract.

While serving, military personnel enjoy the status, privileges and immunities accorded to UN personnel during peacekeeping operations.

MS personnel are equipped with light small arms.

The international activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation today are inextricably linked with the implementation of military reform in our country and the reform of the Armed Forces. As you know, the starting point for reforming the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 16, 1997 “On priority measures to reform the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and improve their structure.” On July 31, 1997, the President approved the Concept for the development of the Armed Forces for the period until 2000.

Military reform is based on a solid theoretical basis, the results of calculations, taking into account the changes that took place in the early 90s. in the geopolitical situation in the world, the nature of international relations and the changes that have occurred in Russia itself. The main goal of the military reform is to ensure the national interests of Russia, which in the defense sphere are to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state from military aggression from other states.

Currently, to prevent war and armed conflicts in the Russian Federation, preference is given to political, economic and other non-military means. At the same time, it is taken into account that, while the non-use of force has not yet become the norm of international relations, the national interests of the Russian Federation require sufficient military power for its defense. In this regard, the most important task of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is to ensure nuclear deterrence in the interests of preventing both nuclear and conventional large-scale or regional war.

Protecting the national interests of the state presupposes that the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must provide reliable defense of the country. At the same time, the Armed Forces must ensure that the Russian Federation carries out peacekeeping activities both independently and as part of international organizations. The interests of ensuring Russia's national security predetermine the need for Russia's military presence in some strategically important regions of the world.

Long-term goals of ensuring Russia's national security also determine the need for Russia's broad participation in peacekeeping operations. The implementation of such operations is aimed at preventing or eliminating crisis situations at the stage of their inception.

Thus, at present, the Armed Forces are considered by the country's leadership as a deterrent, as a last resort used in cases where the use of peaceful means has not led to the elimination of a military threat to the interests of the country. Fulfilling Russia's international obligations to participate in peacekeeping operations is considered a new task for the Armed Forces to maintain peace.

The main document that determined the creation of Russian peacekeeping forces, the principles of their use and the procedure for using them is the Law of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for providing the Russian Federation with military and civilian personnel to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security” (adopted by the State Duma on May 26, 1995 .). To implement this law, in May 1996, the President of the Russian Federation signed Decree 637 “On the formation of a special military contingent of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security.”

The military contingent was introduced into the conflict zone in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova on June 23, 1992 on the basis of the Agreement between the Republic of Moldova and the Russian Federation on the principles of the peaceful settlement of the armed conflict in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova. The total number of peacekeeping troops was about 500 people. On March 20, 1998, negotiations were held in Odessa to resolve the Transnistrian conflict with the participation of Russian, Ukrainian, Moldavian and Transnistrian delegations.

The military contingent was introduced into the conflict zone in South Ossetia (Georgia) on July 9, 1992 on the basis of the Dagomys Agreement between the Russian Federation and Georgia on the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. The total number of this contingent was more than 500 people. The military contingent was introduced into the conflict zone in Abkhazia on June 23, 1994 on the basis of the Agreement on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces. The total number of this contingent was about 1,600 people.

Since June 11, 1999, Russian peacekeepers have been on the territory of the autonomous region of Kosovo (Yugoslavia), where in the late 90s. A serious armed confrontation arose between the Serbs and Albanians. The number of Russian contingents was 3,600 people. The separate sector occupied by the Russians in Kosovo gave the Russian Federation equal rights in resolving this interethnic conflict with the five leading NATO countries (USA, UK, Germany, France, Italy).

Recruitment of administrative bodies, military units and units of special military contingents is carried out on a voluntary basis based on the preliminary (competitive) selection of military personnel undergoing military service under a contract. The training and equipment of peacekeeping forces is carried out at the expense of federal budget funds allocated for defense.

While serving as part of a special military contingent, military personnel enjoy the status, privileges and immunities that are granted to UN personnel during peacekeeping operations in accordance with the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, adopted by the UN General Assembly on February 13, 1996, the Convention on UN Security of December 9, 1994, Protocol on the status of Military Observer Groups and Collective Peacekeeping Forces in the CIS of May 15, 1992.

The personnel of the special military contingent are equipped with small arms. When performing tasks on the territory of the CIS countries, personnel are provided with all types of allowances in accordance with the standards established in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The preparation and training of peacekeeping troops is carried out at the bases of a number of formations of the Leningrad and Volga-Ural military districts, as well as at the Higher Officer Courses “Vystrel” in the city of Solnechnogorsk (Moscow region).

The CIS member states concluded an Agreement on the preparation and training of military and civilian personnel to participate in collective peacekeeping operations, determined the procedure for training and education, and approved training programs for all categories of military and civilian personnel assigned to collective peacekeeping forces. The international activities of the Russian Armed Forces include joint exercises, friendly visits and other events aimed at strengthening common peace and mutual understanding. 711 August 2000, a joint Russian-Moldovan peacekeeping exercise “Blue Shield” was held.

In addition, Russian military personnel are part of the peacekeeping contingent of the Collective Security Treaty Organization. This contingent was formed in October 2007. It is intended, first of all, to participate in peacekeeping operations on the territories of the CSTO member states (by decision of the CSTO Collective Security Council), as well as outside these states (based on the Mandate issued by the Council UN Security).

How to become an officer in the Russian army?

Professional training of Russian officers in educational institutions was organized during the creation of the regular army. In 1698, on the initiative of Peter I, the Artillery and Infantry schools were opened in Moscow and the Nautical School in Azov, and in 1701 the Engineering School,

School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences. Then other military educational institutions were created.

Military schools created under Peter I provided young men with a good general and special education for that time.

Later, in St. Petersburg, the Land (1732) and Marine (1743) gentry cadet corps were established. They trained not only officers, but also government officials.

In the last quarter of the 18th century. The Baltic and Black Sea navigating schools, the St. Petersburg School of Naval Architecture, etc. were opened.

In 1798, the Medical-Surgical Academy was created, training military doctors for the army and navy.

At the beginning of the 19th century. The Main Engineering School (1819) and the Mikhailovskoe Artillery School (1820) were opened with academic classes for training officers with higher military-special education, which were later transformed into academies. Therefore, 1819 is considered the official year of the creation of the still existing Military Engineering Academy, and 1820 - the Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces named after. Peter the Great (until 1997 - Military Academy named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky).

In the second half of the 19th century. new higher military educational institutions appeared: the Military Legal (1867) and Naval (1877) academies. At the same time, part of the cadet corps was transformed into military gymnasiums.

By the beginning of the First World War (1914-1918), Russia had four groups of military educational institutions:
1) lower (for training junior command personnel); 2) secondary general education (cadet corps, preparatory schools, etc.); 3) secondary special (trained command and engineering personnel for the army and navy); 4) higher and secondary types for the training and retraining of active service officers (military academies, naval higher schools, rifle, cavalry, electrical, aeronautical, artillery and other schools).

After 1917, a new network of military educational institutions was created, which included:
1) courses and regimental schools (for training junior command personnel); 2) command courses (for training platoon commanders); 3) advanced training courses for command personnel; 4) schools for training mid-level specialists; 5) military academies (for training senior command personnel of all specialties).

As a result of the military reform of 1924-1925. A system of higher and secondary military educational institutions was formed, which included military academies, military schools of the Ground Forces and Air Force, and naval schools. Subsequently, military schools were transformed into secondary military schools. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. in the Soviet Union there were 19 military academies, 203 secondary military schools, 7 higher naval schools and 10 military faculties at civilian higher educational institutions.

Major changes in the officer training system occurred in the 50-60s. XX century in connection with the emergence of nuclear missile weapons and a new type of Armed Forces - the Strategic Missile Forces (Strategic Missile Forces). Secondary military schools were transformed into higher ones with periods of study of 4 and 5 years.

Military education system of the Russian Federation

Military educational institutions for professional education of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include military academies, military universities, military institutes and higher military schools (Figure 32). They are intended for training and advanced training of command, engineering and special personnel for the Armed Forces.

The military educational institutions of professional education indicated in Scheme 32 train highly qualified officers with higher military and higher military-special education. Many of these institutions are scientific centers for the development of problems in various branches of military science and technology.

Several dozen military educational institutions operate in the personnel training system for the Armed Forces (Diagram 32, Appendix 3). The duration of training in most of them is 5 years.

In 2008, military training centers were created at some federal state educational institutions of higher professional education. These centers are a new form of training citizens for contract military service in officer positions. They train specialists in engineering, humanitarian and legal fields. Rules for admission to military educational institutions of professional education

Military educational institutions, in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On Military Duty and Military Service,” admit citizens of the Russian Federation who have a secondary (complete) general or secondary vocational education: those who have not completed military service between the ages of 16 and 22; those who have completed military service or are undergoing military service upon conscription - until they reach the age of 24 years.

Admission to a military educational institution is carried out on the basis of a personal application from the person wishing to enroll, which must be submitted before May 1 of the year of admission to the district (city) military commissariat at the place of residence.

The application must indicate: last name, first name and patronymic, year and month of birth, address of residence, name of the military educational institution (faculty) in which the applicant wishes to enroll. The documents specified in Scheme 33 must be attached to the application.

District (city) draft commissions conduct preliminary professional selection before May 15 of the year of admission. The heads of military educational institutions inform the candidate about the time and place of arrival of candidates for admission through the military commissariats before June 30 of the year of admission to study. Applicants prepare for entrance exams on their own or in preparatory courses, which are organized at most military educational institutions. Candidates arriving at military educational institutions undergo a professional selection process, which is carried out by admissions committees from July 5 to July 25 of the year of admission to study.

During professional selection, candidates are checked:

Health status;
military-professional orientation and physical fitness;
individual psychological qualities;
general education training.

Health status is checked by specialist doctors: therapist, surgeon, neurologist, psychiatrist, ophthalmologist, otorhinolaryngologist, dentist, and, if necessary, doctors of other specialties.

Military-professional orientation and individual psychological qualities are checked during the candidate’s interview with professional selection specialists and during testing.

Physical fitness is assessed based on the results of exercises.(3 km run, pull-up, 100 m run, 100 m swim).

General education of candidates is checked at entrance exams according to the approved list of subjects in order to determine the ability of applicants to master relevant professional educational programs.

Without checking general educational preparation, provided that all other professional selection requirements are met, the following are admitted:

Military personnel, including those transferred to the reserve, who served in conscription and at the same time performed tasks in an armed conflict of a non-international nature in the Chechen Republic and in the immediately adjacent territories of the North Caucasus, classified as a zone of armed conflict;
graduates of Suvorov military schools awarded a gold or silver medal “For special achievements in learning” (upon admission to all universities);
other graduates of Suvorov military schools (upon admission to universities not included in the list of military educational institutions, upon admission to which they must take exams in general education subjects, provided that they are sent to these universities in accordance with the distribution plan for candidates for admission to study to military educational institutions);
graduates of the Moscow Military Music School upon their admission to study at the Moscow Military Conservatory (military institute);
citizens who graduated with a gold or silver medal “For special achievements in learning” from state accredited educational institutions of secondary (full) general or primary vocational education, as well as citizens who graduated with honors from state accredited educational institutions of secondary vocational education, with positive interview results (with the exception of professional entrance tests that may be established by the university);
graduates of 11 classes of educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, whose preparation was assessed based on the results of the unified state exam, with positive interview results;
winners and prize-winners of the final stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren and members of national teams of the Russian Federation who participated in international Olympiads in general education subjects and formed in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation for training in areas of training (specialties) corresponding to the profile of the Olympiad;
other citizens who, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, are exempt from testing knowledge in general education subjects upon admission to universities. Outside the competition, candidates who have successfully passed the professional selection are admitted from among:
orphans and children left without parental care, as well as persons under the age of 23 from among orphans and children left without parental care;
citizens under the age of 20 who have only one parent - a disabled person of the first group, if the average per capita family income is below the subsistence level established in the relevant constituent entity of the Russian Federation;
citizens discharged from military service and entering universities on the recommendations of commanders of military units;
participants (veterans) of hostilities;
other citizens who, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, are granted the right to non-competitive admission to institutions of higher professional education.

When enrolling cadets in universities, priority rights are given to candidates who have shown equal results during the entrance examinations, from among:

Children of Heroes of the Russian Federation;
citizens discharged from military service;
children of military personnel performing military service under a contract and having a total duration of military service of 20 years or more;
children of citizens discharged from military service upon reaching the age limit for military service, health reasons or in connection with organizational and staffing events, the total duration of military service of which is 20 years or more;
children of military personnel who died while performing their military service duties or who died as a result of injury (wounds, trauma, concussion) or illness received by them while performing their military service duties;
other citizens who, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, are given preferential rights when entering universities.

By competition, candidates are admitted to the places remaining after the enrollment of persons eligible for admission without checking general educational preparation and outside the competition.

More detailed information on admission to military educational institutions can be obtained from the district (city) military commissariat at your place of residence.

Training in a military educational institution, assignment of an officer rank

Citizens enrolled to study at a military educational institution are awarded the military rank of cadet. Before concluding a contract for military service, the cadet has the legal status of a military serviceman undergoing conscription military service. A contract for military service is concluded with a cadet upon reaching the age of 18, but not earlier than the completion of the first year of study while studying at an educational institution and five years of military service after graduation. The cadet enjoys the rights and freedoms established for citizens of the Russian Federation with restrictions determined by the conditions of study and taking into account current legislation. Every year, cadets are given 30 days of leave, as well as a two-week winter vacation. The duration of free education in military educational institutions ranges from 3 to 6 years.

The academic year at a military educational institution of vocational education is divided into two semesters, which end with an examination session. Class time in accordance with the schedule usually does not exceed 6 academic hours (45-50 minutes each) per day.

In addition, 3-4 hours are allocated daily for independent preparation. The main types of training sessions are lectures, seminars, practical classes and training, exercises, internships, coursework, diploma and tests, consultations and independent assignments. The study of each discipline usually ends with an exam or test.

Male military personnel expelled from educational institutions of military education for indiscipline, poor academic performance or unwillingness to study, if they have reached the age of 18 at the time of expulsion, as well as those who refused to enter into a contract for military service, who have not served the established period of conscription military service and are not eligible upon dismissal, release or deferment from conscription, are sent to perform military conscription service. The rest are sent to military commissariats at their place of residence.

In order to eliminate the negative practice when young people, not wanting to undergo military service upon conscription, enter military educational institutions of vocational education, without planning to connect their lives with military service in the future, the law provides for the withholding of money from them spent on their education.

Citizens expelled from military educational institutions of vocational education or military training centers at federal state educational institutions of higher professional education for indiscipline, poor academic performance or unwillingness to study, or who refused to enter into contracts for military service, as well as citizens who graduated from these educational institutions and were dismissed from military service earlier than the period established by the contract for military service, in connection with the deprivation of their military knowledge, the entry into force of a court verdict imposing a sentence of imprisonment on a serviceman or depriving him of the right to hold military positions for a certain period, reimburse the federal budget funds spent on their military or special training. These citizens are not reimbursed for federal budget funds spent on ensuring their performance of military service duties during the training period. The procedure for calculating the amount of reimbursed funds is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Graduates of military educational institutions professional education receive secondary or higher military-special education and one of the prestigious civilian professions. They are given an all-Russian education diploma and given the military rank of lieutenant.

Questions

1. What military educational institutions of vocational education are there in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?

2. What age is determined for civilian youth wishing to enter military educational institutions?

3. What documents must those wishing to enroll in military educational institutions of vocational education need to complete and where should they be submitted?

4. In what areas is the professional selection of candidates for admission to a military educational institution carried out?

6. Which of the candidates, if they have positive marks in the exams, can be enrolled in studies without competition?

7. When is a contract for military service concluded with a cadet at a military educational institution?

International (peacekeeping) activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

The scale of modern military conflicts is often such that the countries on whose territory they occur experience great difficulties in eliminating them. In this regard, it becomes necessary to unite the forces of different states to resolve such conflicts. States carry out peacekeeping activities in accordance with paragraph 6 of the Charter of the United Nations “Observation Missions” in order to coordinate the efforts of the world community in maintaining and strengthening peace.

International cooperation in maintaining stability and peace- one of the most important directions in the foreign policy of the Russian Federation. Russia actively participates in international events to end military conflicts in various regions: on the Balkan Peninsula, the Middle East, the Persian Gulf region, Africa and the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. It carries out this activity on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in accordance with federal constitutional laws, federal laws and laws of the Russian Federation, as well as with legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of defense.

The Federal Law “On Defense” establishes that international cooperation for the purposes of collective security and joint defense is one of the aspects of state defense. The same law defines the powers of officials, legislative and executive bodies of the state in this area.

The President of the Russian Federation is authorized to negotiate and sign international treaties on the participation of the Russian Armed Forces in peacekeeping operations and international security. The Federal Assembly decides on the possibility of using the army outside the territory of the Russian Federation. The Government of the Russian Federation conducts international negotiations on issues of military cooperation and concludes relevant intergovernmental agreements. The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation cooperates with the military departments of foreign states.

In accordance with international treaties, military formations of the Russian Armed Forces in zones of armed conflicts may be part of joint armed forces or be under joint command. Conscripted military personnel can be sent to perform tasks during military conflicts exclusively on a voluntary basis (under contract).

Additional social guarantees and compensations have been established for military personnel for serving in “hot” spots. They consist of establishing increased salaries based on military rank and position, providing additional leaves, crediting length of service in the ratio of one to two or three, paying increased daily or field money, issuing additional food rations, and reimbursing family members for travel expenses to the place of treatment. serviceman and back.

International activities to prevent and eliminate all types of armed conflicts are a new component of Russian foreign policy, in which there is no longer any place for ideological complexes and so-called class solidarity.

Questions and tasks

1. In which regions of the globe does Russia participate in international events to end military conflicts?

2. On the basis of what documents does the Russian Federation carry out peacekeeping activities?

3. Under what conditions can conscripts be sent to a military conflict zone?

4. What social guarantees and compensations are established for military personnel serving in “hot” spots?

Task 47

The guiding principle in the system of combat training of troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the provision:

a) “What is useless in war is harmful to introduce into peaceful training”;
b) “Teach the troops what is necessary in war”;
c) “Education of the mind is the most important part in the education of every military and non-military person.”

Please indicate the correct answer.

Task 48

The physical fitness of those entering military educational institutions is assessed based on the results of performing the following exercises:

a) 1 km run;
b) 3 km run;
c) pull-ups on the bar;
d) flexion and extension of the arms in a lying position;
e) 60 m run;
e) 100 m run;
g) swimming 100 m;
h) swimming 50 m.

Please indicate the correct answers.

Task 49

Your friend Yu graduated from high school with a gold medal a year ago and works in a laboratory. He decided to enter a military educational institution and is studying preparatory courses at this institution. While studying in the 11th grade, he participated in the city Olympiad in physics and took second place. What benefits will he have upon admission to study?

Protecting the national interests of the state presupposes that the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must provide reliable defense of the country. At the same time, they must take part in peacekeeping activities both independently and as part of international forces. The interests of ensuring Russia's national security imply the need for Russia's military presence in some strategically important regions of the world. Long-term goals of ensuring the country's national security also determine the need for Russia's broad participation in peacekeeping operations. Carrying out such operations is aimed at preventing or eliminating crisis situations at the stage of their inception. Currently, the Armed Forces are considered by the country's leadership as a deterrent, as a last resort used in cases where the use of peaceful means has not led to the elimination of a military threat to the interests of the country. Fulfillment of Russia's international obligations to participate in peacekeeping actions is considered as a new task of the Armed Forces to maintain peace.

The main document defining the principles of application and procedure for the use of Russian peacekeeping forces is the Law of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for the provision by the Russian Federation of military and civilian personnel to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security.” For the practical implementation of this law, in May 1996, the President of the Russian Federation signed Decree No. 637 “On the formation of a special military contingent of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security.” In accordance with this decree, a special military contingent with a total strength of 22 thousand people, consisting of 17 motorized rifle and 4 parachute battalions, was formed in the Russian Armed Forces. Military personnel of the peacekeeping units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation carried out tasks to maintain peace and security in a number of regions: Yugoslavia, Tajikistan, Transnistria, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Georgia.

Recruitment of administrative bodies and units of the special military contingent is carried out on a voluntary basis based on the preliminary (competitive) selection of military personnel serving under contract. While serving as part of a peacekeeping contingent, military personnel enjoy the status, privileges and immunities that are granted to UN personnel during peacekeeping operations in accordance with the Convention adopted by the UN General Assembly on February 13, 1996, the UN Security Convention of December 9, 1994 ., Protocol on the status of military observer groups and collective peacekeeping forces in the CIS of May 15, 1992. When performing tasks on the territory of the CIS countries, the personnel of peacekeeping units are provided with all types of allowances according to the standards established in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The preparation and training of peacekeeping troops is carried out in formations of the Leningrad and Volga-Ural military districts, as well as at the Higher Officer Courses “Vystrel”.

Introduction

The nature of international relations depends on many different factors, one of which is the international activities of the Armed Forces. The main goal of this activity is to ensure the national interests of Russia, which in the defense sector are to ensure the security of individuals, society and the state from military aggression from other states.

Protecting the country’s national interests involves both reliable security of citizens and independent peacekeeping activities to avoid conflicts, being present in strategically important points of the world if necessary.

At the moment, the Armed Forces are a last resort used in cases where it was not possible to avoid a military threat peacefully, since there is constant tension in relations between the leading powers in the world

International (peacekeeping) activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

armed forces of the Russian Federation

The international activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation today are inextricably linked with the implementation of military reform in our country and the reform of the Armed Forces.

As you know, the starting point for reforming the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 16, 1997 “On priority measures to reform the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and improve their structure.” On July 31, 1997, the President approved the Concept for the development of the Armed Forces for the period until 2000.

Military reform is based on a solid theoretical basis, the results of calculations, taking into account the changes that took place in the early 90s. in the geopolitical situation in the world, the nature of international relations and the changes that have occurred in Russia itself. The main goal of military reform is to ensure Russia's national interests, which in the defense sphere are to ensure the security of individuals, society and the state from military aggression from other states.

Currently, to prevent war and armed conflicts in the Russian Federation, preference is given to political, economic and other non-military means. At the same time, it is taken into account that, while the non-use of force has not yet become the norm of international relations, the national interests of the Russian Federation require sufficient military power for its defense.

In this regard, the most important task of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is to ensure nuclear deterrence in the interests of preventing both nuclear and conventional large-scale or regional war.

Protecting the national interests of the state presupposes that the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must provide reliable defense of the country. At the same time, the Armed Forces must ensure that the Russian Federation carries out peacekeeping activities both independently and as part of international organizations. The interests of ensuring Russia's national security predetermine the need for Russia's military presence in some strategically important regions of the world.

Long-term goals of ensuring Russia's national security also determine the need for Russia's broad participation in peacekeeping operations. The implementation of such operations is aimed at preventing or eliminating crisis situations at the stage of their inception.

Thus, at present, the Armed Forces are considered by the country's leadership as a deterrent, as a last resort used in cases where the use of peaceful means has not led to the elimination of a military threat to the interests of the country.

The main document that determined the creation of Russian peacekeeping forces, the principles of their use and the procedure for using them is the Law of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for providing the Russian Federation with military and civilian personnel to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security” (adopted by the State Duma on May 26, 1995 .).

To implement this law, in May 1996, the President of the Russian Federation signed Decree No. 637 “On the formation of a special military contingent of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security.”