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What are the main problems for adolescence: causes and ways to overcome? What problems are typical of adolescence? What problems of teenage society bother you.

Our modernity is a century of numerous temptations and dangers, and its generation is very problematic, always in a mad race for “trends”. And most often it is a fashion for something. Sometimes this industry is completely harmless, but in some cases it is destructive, leading to addictive behavior.

Municipal budgetary institution of additional education

"Center of children's creativity"

Municipal entity of Sayanogorsk

press center "Exclusive"

Direction: « Man in the modern world »

Social problems of modern teenagers and youth

Klochkova Elizaveta Evgenievna

Supervisor: Zinchenko Irina Grigorievna

Sayanogorsk, 2018

INTRODUCTION…………………………………..……………………….......…3

Problem………………..…………………………...3
Purpose of the work.………….. ………………………………………..3
Tasks…………………………….…………………………………3
Object……………………….……………………………………...3
Subject……………………….…………………………………….3
Statistics……………………………………………………….3
Hypothesis…………………………………………………………….4
Practical significance…………………………….…4

MAIN PART………………..…………..……………..………….4

FIND REAL HAPPINESS........................4
HIGH IN LIFE………………….………… ……………..5

3. A SIP OF BEER LEADING TO THE Abyss….………….…….8

CHASING AN ILLUSION…………….……………………. 9

5.BE YOURSELF……….....…………..…………….…………11

CONCLUSION...…..………………………………………………....…. 12

LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL...…..……………………………………………………………... 12

LIST OF SOURCES USED… ………15

APPLICATIONS….…………………………………………… ………...….16

INTRODUCTION

Our modernity is a century of numerous temptations and dangers, and its generation is very problematic, always in a mad race for “trends”. We are always chasing something often illusory. And most often it is a fashion for something. Sometimes this industry is completely harmless, but in some cases it is destructive, leading to addictive behavior with all the ensuing negative consequences. And we, knowing this and no matter what, continue to blindly follow it, elevating it to a cult.

Hence one of the main problems Modern teenagers and young people at this stage of development of society have become unhealthy lifestyles, as a result of the influence of bad habits.

We tried to find out the depth of their penetration into the teenage and youth environment by surveying 30 young people aged 12-18 ( the questionnaire is given in Appendix 1).

As a result of the survey, we found that 94% of respondents believe that they do not have addictions. However, the answers of most of them to other questions indicate the opposite. To the question “Is the opinion of others important to you?” - 65% responded positively, which indicates dependence on the opinions of others. To the question “How much time do you spend on the Internet?” - everyone answered that from 3 to 8 hours a day. To the question “Do you know what diet addiction leads to” - 70% answered positively, only 7 and 11 people confessed, answering positively to the questions “Do you use narcotic drugs?” and “Do you drink alcoholic beverages?” respectively. Which, as we know for certain, is not true.

How to resist temptations that lead to addictive behavior? How to maintain faith in a worthy future, in yourself and realize the beauty of life without addictions? This, in our opinion, should be helped by their truthful exposure and more active promotion of a healthy lifestyle.

Goal of the work: studying a wide range of negative manifestations in modern reality in order to consciously confront them.

Tasks:

Study literary sources on the topic.
To determine the degree of negative impact of bad habits on the growing body of a teenager.
Formulate recommendations for overcoming bad habits.
Prepare publications on the topic.

An object research - addictive behavior of adolescents.

Item research - drug, alcohol, and Internet addiction among adolescents, searching for ways to overcome bad habits and return to normal life.

Methods achieving the goal: analysis of statistics: survey of a certain age group of society, interviews, advice from experienced people, observation.

Experience: loved ones who have overcome habits;

Internet resources.

Hypothesis: If you promote giving up bad habits, relying on the experience of loved ones and peers, then this work will be more effective and useful for the younger generation.

Practical significance is:

Acquiring additional knowledge on the problems of addictive behavior of adolescents and young people by studying and analyzing literature sources and Internet resources on this topic;

Creating journalistic works and disseminating them to peers through publications in the newspaper;

Promoting a healthy lifestyle.

MAIN PART

Find real happiness

Internet addiction of modern teenagers

Our century is the era of information technology. Now all over the world the Internet is the main source of all our knowledge, but there is another “side of the coin” - negative. He enslaved society, putting it in severe dependence, entangling it with his networks through computers and all kinds of gadgets.

The World Wide Web is our communication with friends, watching movies on the laptop screen, ordering food, in general, it is the solution to all our problems, and we don’t even need to leave the house.

Social networks have become popular especially among young people. Teenagers can spend hours glued to their phone while texting. Live communication is slowly dying out. Mainly, it is being replaced by sharing photos on Instagram (25% of teenagers, according to Internet statistics, have a profile on this social network), communicating with friends from other countries via Facebook (15%), expressing their thoughts and problems on Twitter (20). %), well, the most popular of all networks, where all of the above is possible, is Vkontakte (40%)…

We were wondering, what do teenagers mostly use the Internet for? Therunet.com website helped me find out. After testing among peers, we found out that schoolchildren communicate with people on the Internet, listen to music, look for useful information for themselves, use it to do homework, express themselves and demonstrate their creativity, and only a small part admitted that they use it for anonymous communication and creating an image , different from its real one.

What can often lead to sitting at a computer and immersing yourself in the Internet “with your head”? Problems related to physical health: blurred vision; rachiocampsis; mental disorders, when the sense of reality disappears, aggression progresses... Among the most common reasons for immersion in the computer world: non-acceptance by others, lack of any employment, lack of complexes in real communication.

The younger generation is passionate not only about social networks, but also about online games. And, as a rule, aggressive. Children are immersed in an unreal action that becomes their life, and then transfer the image from the monitors into the surrounding space. They become hot-tempered and irritated, ready to destroy and destroy everything that gets in their way.

Just think about it, the Internet is a great achievement of technological progress, but at the same time it is also destructive. Even some of the youngest members of society are susceptible to screen addiction. This is the fault of parents who, instead of organizing educational leisure time for their child, pay him off with expensive electronic toys. Lack of attention leads to many addictions. Children feel lonely and unwanted.

Our generation is getting more and more stuck in the virtual world. The Internet simultaneously saves and destroys us, but addiction can only be overcome by the addict himself, having realized that interesting things must be looked for in every moment of life, in the world around us, and there is so much unexplored and unknown around us...

This doesn't mean you should give up technology altogether, throw away your phones, or break your computer monitor. This means it’s time to remember books, search for information while sitting in libraries until late at night, cook using clippings from magazines left by our grandmothers and great-grandmothers, call loved ones on the phone more often, rather than write a bunch of emails. We need to add a little bit of that time to our lives when our parents lived without smartphones, tablets and e-readers. And they were happy. Try to find your happiness not on the pages of online profiles. What, it doesn't work? Same thing. It is only possible in real life, real contacts, in real time ( application No. 2).

Enjoying life

or drug addiction and its real consequences

This is a song of your memory,

A person you don't know by sight...

Like trees with wings of branches,

How do young people come to this destructive addiction? We think that the initial conduits to it are: violence, bullying by society (especially peers), eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia, etc.), teenage alcoholism and a “bad campaign”... One problem leads to another, and in this situations, drug addiction is almost inevitable.

You came in and locked it from the inside,

And drew it on white with charcoal

The snowy edge of the needle-shaped dawn,

Black wings are a disastrous rift.

We managed to talk with a person who knew what we were writing about, not just from conversations. And this is what he said:

- When did you plunge into the world of the so-called “high”?

He started using it at the age of 11. I immediately started with the most terrible thing - I injected myself, injected myself with great greed. Then I became acquainted with “nasvay” and other light drugs. The idea to use it did not come to me on its own. They took me for a show-off, and I, not wanting to look like a coward in the eyes of the older guys, decided to do it.

- Did you realize your problem?

It always seemed that it was not the disease that controlled me, but I controlled it. The next injections are a break from the nasty reality. In fact, the disease twisted me around its syringe finger and did not want to let go. I didn’t realize the addiction until I was 17, I was only in the clinic a couple of times, but knowing the date of discharge, I was already planning where I would get the money for the dose and took the numbers of their acquaintances from the guys who had just arrived.

- How much did this matter cost you?

- When did you decide to quit?

I stopped using following a friend with whom I attended meetings of former drug addicts. We got the “high” no longer from using it, but from starting it. He began to breathe deeply. I realized that I can experience love. Love for life, for those around you, for yourself, and before that you just killed your body and didn’t think about anything. Drug addiction is often confused with schizophrenia, because different personalities and voices live inside you, it’s just important to hear the voice of conscience and sanity in time. You need to seek help and support. While I didn’t trust anyone, I didn’t understand that there was something wrong with me.

Having studied many articles and videos in order to plunge even deeper into the process of the disease and understand what signs may indicate an addiction, we made certain conclusions:

Drug addicts are characterized by sudden and causeless changes in mood (a person can laugh and cry in absolute silence, and the interval between these two emotions can be 10 seconds);

Emotional instability (aggression, persecution mania); inattention to one’s appearance (even the most notorious narcissist may never approach the mirror again).

And also: glassy eyes, dilated pupils or their sharp constriction; new social circle. They cease to be interested in family relationships and their problems. The sleep-wake pattern is disrupted, excessive sweating, dry and pale skin appears...

In order for you to understand this in more detail and, perhaps, save yourself or your neighbor, we advise you to read the book by Abbot Evmeny Peristy, “A Ray of Hope in the Drug World.”

You trample the world with your boots

Without noticing where you are stepping,

And time leaves you in color pictures,

But you don't even understand that

Evmeniy Peristy

Everything in this book is presented in simple and understandable language. A scientific text, but everything is written in such a way that, even without having anything to do with this problem, you are imbued with every word and strive to learn more about this terrifying disease in order to warn yourself, because everyone is not immune from anything. The book contains such chapters as: “Personal predisposition to drug addiction”, “Unsolved teenage problems as the cause of addiction”, “Drug addiction is a collapse”, “What is addiction”... Many people with addictive behavior write on various sites that this the book radically changed their worldview, helped them understand themselves and set life priorities, putting in first place not drugs, but a happy life “in the beginning.”

Today, the main task of every sane person is to try to convey to society how terrible drug addiction is, once in the network of which it is very difficult to avoid death; prove that it is important to have your head on your shoulders and never run after the crowd. Parents, and indeed all of us, should be vigilant in order to help those around them if they suddenly fall into this trap, which can slam shut at any second, leaving no hope for the future ( application No. 3).

Teenagers and alcohol addiction

Nowadays, alcohol addiction among teenagers is, unfortunately, commonplace. Official data on teenage alcoholism is disappointing. According to statistics, 62% of them suffer from this unfortunate disease. Questions arise: what exactly makes young people pour liters of alcohol into themselves, what motivates them and what will such an addiction mean for them?

There are several rough answers to these questions. Some justify this as a problem in relationships with family and peers. Of course, we must not forget about unrequited love - one of the most common reasons among teenagers. The martyrs of unrequited love supposedly drown out their mental pain and holes in their chests with alcohol. It is absurd and pointless at this age to ruin yourself, your physical and mental health because of some kind of non-reciprocity.

What are the consequences of teenage alcoholism? They are obvious and destructive. Of course, addictive behavior develops. An alcohol-dependent teenager begins to break without a bottle of foam, he begins to look for any way to beg (beg) money from his parents under completely different pretexts. And those, often unaware of their child’s addiction, of course, give him pocket money for a “movie session” or “a cultural outing to a cafe with friends to eat pizza and drink juice.” What could all this lead to? To serious destruction of both the mental and physical state of a teenager. Especially considering that the body develops intensively in adolescence, and alcohol causes enormous damage to it.

If a teenager does not come to his senses in time, in the future his life will most likely go downhill. All his childhood, and perhaps even conscious, deep and grandiose dreams and goals are unlikely to be realized. They will simply collapse. They will be eclipsed by a bottle of vodka, which has replaced beer, with cigarettes to boot, and the edges of life will be waiting ahead with open arms ( application No. 4).

Chasing an illusion

Addictive behavior in adolescents leading to eating disorders

The cult of fashion, and often the influence of public opinion, the low level of self-esteem of adolescents and young people, mainly girls, lead them to such a destructive addiction as an eating disorder.

This evil cult arose a long time ago, but in Russia it has only been relevant for the last few years. It is impossible to say exactly where it started: either the influence of high fashion, whose models should look dystrophic, or “motivating” public pages on social networks.

Of course, there are people who are unknowingly drawn into this vicious circle, but that’s a completely different story. Those who, fully aware of it, are chasing this supposed ideal of beauty, simply do not understand that this, ultimately, is not as beautiful as it seems from the outside, that this infection can really destroy life, and in Ultimately, the whole “game of chasing weight loss” can be fatal.

Anorexia is not just a modest: “No, thank you, I'm not hungry” at the sight of food, it is a vile, disgusting voice whispering “Don't eat! Every day you will more and more noticeably turn into a beautiful butterfly. Skipping several meals is a mere trifle. Hunger is the best feeling you can feel. No taste can compare with a flat stomach, matchstick-thin legs and arms, knife-sharp cheekbones and, in general, Thumbelina’s fragile body.”

Evidence of an “experienced”:

I have a friend with whom we experienced this terrible and destructive phenomenon. Three years ago she was shackled by the chains of an illness - anorexia. She literally had one foot in another world. For the first time I saw and felt approaching death with every millimeter of my body. I held her in my arms. You won't believe how scary and painful it was to experience. This killed not only her, but also me and her other close people. I clearly remember the moment when we cried, sitting opposite each other. We were simply afraid of losing. I am her, and she is me. It was then, at that moment, that I realized how dear this person was to me. I felt all of her, every piece of her inner world revealed itself to me. This test bonded us for the rest of our lives.

“Experienced” advice:

“You can’t please everyone. Therefore, pay less attention to caustic remarks from the outside! Never consciously get involved in this nasty cycle of self-hatred and the fuel for your body - food! Do not worship the illusory ideal of beauty, since each person is unique, and you should not adapt to others, to some fictitious standards! Love yourself, then you will be loved by others!” ( application No. 5).

To be youreself

Public opinion as a motivating reason for addictive behavior

It seems to us that everything is to blame for public opinion, which is currently putting significant pressure on many, and society is not so tolerant now. If a person passes by you who does not meet your ideals or is simply different from the gray mass, what will you do? In such a situation, as statistics show, approximately 84% of Russians will react absolutely adequately, but if you imagine the number of people living in our country, the remaining 16% is a decent part of society.

Every careless word can prompt a person to take rash and unwanted actions. “You’re fat!” - and now a girl weighing 50 kilograms is on a strict diet, and her daily diet is water and air. The boy becomes an outcast simply for the reason that his classmates and peers don’t like him, no one gets along with him, and he plunges into the world of computer games, becomes dependent, as it is now fashionable to call it: an addictive teenager.

Why do young and promising people pay attention to outside opinions? The current generation is afraid to express themselves. Afraid of sidelong glances. He is afraid to stand out from the masses, because the media, the Internet and public figures promote their “beauty”, which does not correspond to the main crowd. This leads to self-hatred, turning society into an incubator where everyone is the same and strives to be like the pictures in glossy magazines. They try to behave like famous people, trying to adhere to their life position and moral principles, stuffing their inner self with this, because society has instilled in them: this is the right way, this is the way you should live, look and think.

“Experienced” advice:

I myself once felt fear if someone’s gaze seemed unkind and strange to me. I directed all the ridicule in my direction. I was afraid to speak out publicly and be misunderstood. When my loved ones noticed the problem, it became much easier. They began to teach me how to speak publicly, express my opinion and not be afraid of being misunderstood. I myself made an effort to gain self-confidence, standing in front of the mirror and speaking out the thoughts that had accumulated during the day, developing my diction. I often took reports at school, learned long poems by various authors in order to learn how to behave in front of an audience, which my childhood passion for dancing partially helped me with. Over time, if I was confident that I was right, I became indifferent to other people’s criticism and what others thought of me.

Society loves to point out someone’s shortcomings and reproach them, but as Stalin once said: “If you criticize, make suggestions.” This has become the phrase of my life, my motto. If you analyze the meaning of this statement, it will sound like this: “If you judge me, then explain how to act and behave correctly, give reasons for this and tell me how I can implement this into my life?”

Of course, public opinion is not always negative and negative. There will be people who will believe in you, encourage you and look up to your attitude in life: you are an individual, you are unique. Do as your heart and mind tell you, never pay attention to envious people and don’t put on the mask of someone who you inherently are not in order to please someone else, this is hypocrisy. Don't forget who you are and shout it to the whole world as loud as possible. Don’t think that you are alone, there are at least three of us, which means we can handle it.

And finally, five quotes from the world's greatest men about public opinion:

I don't care at all what critics write. I know that in their hearts they love my work, but they are afraid to admit it (Salvador Dali);
Worry about what other people think of you, and you will forever remain their prisoner (Lao Tzu) ( application No. 6).

CONCLUSION

Life is Beautiful

Active, healthy lifestyle - solving addictive behavior problems

All of the above is just a part of the problems that modern youth face. Internet addiction, alcoholism, eating disorders, drug addiction, self-doubt - these are the most common of them, which is why they were covered in our research work.

What is the conclusion? In the 21st century, it is very difficult for a teenager to resist imposed temptations, set the right priorities, figure out what the surrounding society will accept and what will not, understand that the main thing is not what they think of you, but your health, life and future. The times in which we and our peers live are very changeable. Every day we hear about achievements and discoveries in various sectors of public life, but no one thinks about what else we will learn in the next moment. And he can show the seamy side of existence. Newspapers, television and social networks cover various nightmarish incidents almost daily. This information affects everyone differently. Someone rushes headlong to repeat what they learned a few minutes ago, while someone, having ignored it, will continue to live as he sees fit.

To correct the fact that many teenagers become involved in various kinds of addictions, efforts are needed from both the teenagers themselves and the people around them.

I would like to say only one thing to parents: be attentive to your children, learn to hear them and talk to them. It is easier to blame a child for getting involved with bad company or disappearing all day at the computer than to help him get out of the abyss into which he has fallen and prevent him from falling into the abyss. But the most important thing, which applies to both children and parents, is not to be shy about talking about your problems to specialists who can help you, and asking for help from a psychologist. After all, if you don’t start ringing all the bells in time, this can lead to a negative outcome: the child will lose hope for the future or, worse, life, and loved ones will lose the child himself.

We can advise young people: to immerse themselves less in social networks, live real life, think with their own heads and not be fooled by someone else’s opinion, learn to see the world around them, its colors and diversity. This is the only way to find yourself and live a full, interesting life. And there are so many interesting things around, still unknown and unattained. Just wish, and at your service there are a lot of sports facilities, associations for creative development, there are all the conditions for tourism - the nature around is so breathtaking. And how many places of interest! All this is the most effective cure for harmful addictions and the path to a healthy lifestyle, just wish it.

One of the positive examples in this regard is the employment of teenagers in the Exclusive press center and the Sayany Outpost club. For them, they became not just a school of journalism and a local history circle, but a place for interested, confidential discussion of topical issues, what is painful, what cannot be kept silent about, and discussions about ways to solve them. All discussed problems then become the topics of our journalistic works, published under the headings “Youth Health”, “I Ask for the Word” and broadcast to teenagers, their parents and teachers, thus popularizing a healthy lifestyle. In addition, we visit museums, go to the temple every year and talk with its rector, and go on excursions to places of cultural heritage of Khakassia. Thus, juniors and club members are involved in active leisure activities. And this is also reflected on the pages of the newspaper under the headings “Press Tour” and “Local History”. We also communicate a lot. The press center has all the conditions for this.

The result This research work was published in newspapers:

1. “Teenagers and the Internet”;

“Follow your dreams”;
“There are no unsolvable problems”;
« We must decide our own destiny”;
"Chasing Illusion";
“A sip of beer leading into the abyss”;
“Through life getting high or drug addiction and its real consequences”;
"To be youreself",

Bibliography:

Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated January 8, 1998 No. 3-FZ “On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances” with amendments and additions dated April 6, 2011 - M., 2011.
Arina G. A., Martynov S. E. Mass media as a factor in the emergence of preoccupation with one’s own appearance in adolescence // Cultural-historical psychology. 2009.
Arintsina I.A., Psychological aspects of the formation of eating behavior and its disorders in childhood // Man, alcohol, smoking and food addictions (somatic and narcopsychiatric aspects): Proceedings of the 2nd interdisciplinary congress with international participation. St. Petersburg, 2008.
Voronkov S.G., Ivanenkov S.P., Kuszhanova A.Zh., Socialization of youth: problems and prospects. - M.
Gorbanevsky M.V., On the concept of “propaganda of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors,” Journalist.
Davidenko N.V., Program for psychological correction of Internet addictive behavior using methods of cognitive psychotherapy / N.V. Davidenko, M.M. Akopova. // Current problems of psychology. knowledge. - 2010. - No. 3.
Enikeeva D.D., How to prevent alcoholism and drug addiction in adolescents: a textbook for students of secondary and higher pedagogical educational institutions. - 2nd ed., stereotypical. - M.
Zhilavskaya I.V., The influence of the media on youth. Sociological research. // Media education: from theory to practice. - 2007. - No. 1.
Justine, “This Morning I Decided to Stop Eating” 2006.
Kuzmich V.A., Values and problems of modern youth: a sociologist’s view // Best pages of the pedagogical press. - 2003.
Lisovsky V.T., Spiritual world and value orientations of Russian youth. - M., 2007.
Mendelevich V.D., Psychology of deviant behavior: Textbook / V.D. Mendelevich. - M.: MEDpress, 2001.
Psychology of addiction: a reader / comp. K.V. Selchenok. - Minsk: Harvest, 2007.
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Christiane Felscherinou “We, the children from Zoo Station” http://knigosite.org/library/read/56099

Appendix No. 1

Appendix No. 2

Youth health

Teens and the Internet

In the modern world, the topic “Teenagers and the Internet” is becoming more and more relevant. Excessive enthusiasm for which leads to unpredictable consequences.

Nowadays, children “get acquainted” with a computer in preschool age. And every year there are more and more such Internet users. At first the child starts small. For example, cartoons. Then more and more people are drawn into this World Wide Web, spending everything, not just their free time, on the computer. In this regard, he has a lot of problems.

Most importantly, a person loses touch with reality, he completely leaves the real world and is immersed in the virtual one. Even when he “looks up” from the computer, he remains on the other side of the monitor screen. The person continues the game, not realizing that he is already among people, and not computer monsters.

There are several games that teenagers suffer from, for example: War Face, Dote, CS, World of Tanks, S.T.A.L.K.E.R, etc. Considering their characters to be their heroes, they become like them, losing their human appearance.

In addition, people who abuse the Internet have poor health. Vision decreases, scoliosis and hypodenomia develop, and most importantly, the brain confuses the real and virtual worlds. Thus, a person deprives himself of health, communication with loved ones and friends, love, family. He erases himself from life.

Is there a way out of this situation? Realizing that the Internet will continue to strengthen and grow, I think that parents are now simply obliged to limit their children’s time on the computer from childhood, to instill in them how this can end, and to explain to them about the harmful effects of computer games on the psyche and health. The main thing is to conduct more active propaganda of alternative types of leisure activities, showing by our own example how, for example, active recreation is more pleasant and useful than wandering in the web of social networks.

Yulia YAKUBOVICH

Appendix No. 3

Please speak

Follow your dream

In our lives, we often make choices on which our future depends. The main thing here is not to make a mistake. This is especially true for those who are just at the beginning of their life journey.

Strength of character, life-affirming, positive principles - all this helps to cultivate the “right” person. And this also depends on the choice made in childhood or adolescence, when we decide whether to go to study in any section or circle, or, loitering idly, look for a similar campaign, which often leads to negative consequences.

One of the most powerful leisure activities that promote a healthy lifestyle is sports. It is he, in my opinion, who offers us the right moral education, distracts us from bad habits, helps organize active recreation, and make reliable friends.

Each sport has its own characteristics, but this does not make it any less useful. All species have a common task - to raise a strong, socially useful, physically and morally healthy person.

Isn't this what everyone dreams of as a child? So let's follow our dreams! Daily 1-2 hours of sports will definitely help you achieve what you want. If so, the younger generation of Russians will be healthy, which means that society as a whole will become healthier, since it is up to us to build the future.

Alexander KALUGA

Appendix No. 4

Please speak

There are no unsolvable problems

Modern children and adolescents are growing and developing in an era of unrealistically high speeds, intensive development of technology, and, moreover, against the backdrop of global environmental deterioration, which increases emotional stress and negatively affects their health. Leads to conflicts at school, in the family, on the street. These reasons are the causative agents of problems among teenagers, for help in solving which many seek help in what are commonly called bad habits.

Modern technologies have led teenagers to Internet addiction, which is dangerous and even harmful. These guys don’t see the world around them, don’t breathe fresh air, stop communicating with people, lose their sense of reality, go into the virtual world, not only do their posture become impaired, their vision deteriorate, problems with the nervous system appear, but their psyche also suffers. Today there are already many who have lost touch with the real world.

Sometimes teenagers cannot cope with problems in the family or at school, and therefore they come running and try, supposedly, to get away from them through smoking, and even worse, alcohol and drugs. But it’s not for nothing that they say that a drop of nicotine kills a horse. There is no point in arguing about the dangers of smoking, since it undoubtedly has a negative effect on health.

Alcohol and drugs are a direct path to another world. These are facts that prove degradation and high mortality from their harmful influence at the very dawn of their strength. And how much suffering does this bring to their loved ones?! Are these habits worth making such sacrifices on their altar? And there are no problems that cannot be solved in another, less bloodthirsty way.

Conflicts with parents can be resolved through a frank conversation or by contacting a psychologist. Excess energy and curiosity need to be channeled into a creative direction: go in for sports, get carried away by some kind of art, creativity, and sometimes just meet and chat with friends, not punks, do useful and interesting things. Then the world will become brighter, and people will be friendlier, and problems will be reduced, and it will be much easier to solve them as they arise and with a positive attitude.

Sarah MAMEDOVA

Appendix No. 5

Please speak

We have to decide our own destiny

Today, the health of adolescents leaves much to be desired. Smoking, alcohol, drugs, a passive lifestyle, and gambling addiction, which draw an increasing number of teenagers into their vicious circle, lead to numerous physical and mental illnesses. Young boys and girls begin to degrade, get sick, become depressed, and leave the real world.

There are many reasons for this, but probably the main ones are family problems and the quality of education of surrounding peers. Aggression on their part and the desire to appear cool among their peers often lead to teenagers starting to smoke, drink, use drugs, or escape reality into the virtual world. They end up becoming hostage to these bad habits.

Smoking can cause lung and heart disease, drugs can lead to fatal AIDS, computer games, which are the same drug only spiritual, are uprooted from the real world. Children cease to understand what is happening. It gets to the point that they are even ready to kill everyone and anyone who dares to stop them. Already today, the murders of children and teenagers of their parents and peers, who tried to return them to reality, number in the thousands.

However, it would be stupid to blame only them, since they were not the ones who “let the genie out of the bottle” under the brands: “alcohol”, “drugs”, “tobacco”, “aggressive computer games”. Adults are to blame for this. They are the distributors of these evils. They sell alcohol and cigarettes to teenagers from under the counter, they organized drug trafficking, they come up with more and more new computer games that harden the souls and hearts of mentally fragile children and teenagers. As a result, representatives of future generations will continue these life-killing businesses. What will we end up with this way? To complete degradation. Thus, in the not too distant future, an entire nation will be destroyed.

I appeal to my peers and, of course, adults: stop! Let's say: "NO!" bad habits! After all, there are so many amazing, exciting, interesting activities in the world: sports, creativity, tourism... We choose our own destiny and future, our own path in life, and we really want everyone to have their own, unique, glorious and straight path.

Diana BELOUSOVA

Appendix No. 6

Youth health

In pursuit of illusion, you lose not only reality, but also life.

We are childrenXXI centuries we are always chasing something often illusory. And most often it's fashion. Sometimes this industry is completely harmless, but in other cases it is destructive. And we, knowing this and no matter what, continue to blindly follow it, elevating it to a cult.

One of them is an eating disorder. It arose a long time ago, but has only been relevant in Russia for the last few years. It is impossible to say exactly where it started: either the influence of high fashion, whose models should look dystrophic, or “motivating” public pages on social networks. Of course, there are people who are unknowingly drawn into this vicious circle, but that’s a completely different story. Those who, fully aware of it, are chasing this supposed ideal of beauty, simply do not understand that it is ultimately not as beautiful as it seems from the outside, that this infection can really destroy life, and ultimately The whole “game of chasing weight loss” can be fatal.

What motivates those people who, as it may seem from the outside, are distraught, always losing weight and counting the calories in every gram of food? It is this nasty, creepy voice that makes them follow him every day. This disease is an incredible pain, both physical and mental. When the line of adequate weight loss is crossed, it moves into a new stage - a disease, then the pain makes itself felt.

A person obsessed with weight loss addiction breaks down from the inside, he decomposes - food stops being absorbed, hair falls out in huge clumps, eyes become lifeless and dull. This is only a small part of what concerns the physical condition of the body. And if we touch on the moral-psychological, internal, you can call it whatever you like, state - it is impossible to describe it thoroughly, all this needs to be felt. Depression and complete apathy go hand in hand with anorexia, further aggravating the situation. The patient loses interest in all aspects of life except food, losing weight and his bones.

According to statistics, five percent of patients with anorexia die; the mortality rate from this disease is higher than that of patients with alcoholism and schizophrenia. Treatment of this disorder is most often a very long and labor-intensive process, including the support of loved ones, which, unfortunately, not everyone has, is not always on time and is not always sufficient, and, of course, the help of specialists is also important: psychologists and psychiatrists.

Let's get back to the numbers. According to official data, only 50% of people recover completely, 30% partially, and 20% continue not even to live, but to exist with this destructive problem.

Advice from an experienced

You can't please everyone. Therefore, pay less attention to caustic remarks from the outside! Never consciously get involved in this nasty cycle of self-hatred and the fuel for your body - food! Do not worship the illusory ideal of beauty, since each person is unique, and you should not adapt to others, to some fictitious standards! Love yourself, then you will be loved by others!

Elizaveta KLOCHKOVA

Appendix No. 7

Youth health

A sip of beer leading into the abyss

There are several rough answers to these questions. Some justify this as a problem in relationships with family and peers. Of course, we must not forget about unrequited love - one of the most common reasons among teenagers. With alcohol, the martyrs of unrequited love supposedly drown out their mental pain, the pain in their chests. It is absurd and pointless at this age to ruin yourself, your physical and mental health because of some kind of non-reciprocity.

No matter how unreasonable several other reasons may seem, it is worth considering them. Many teenagers get drunk with the goal of forgetting themselves, feeling morally better or simply more mature than they actually are, and also, supposedly, earning authority among their peers. In fact, they do not feel morally better, nor one iota more mature, and most often they do not earn any authority, but only cause contempt for their absolute inadequacy.

What are the consequences of teenage alcoholism? They are obvious and destructive. Of course, addictive behavior develops. An alcohol-dependent teenager begins to break without a bottle of foam, he begins to look for any way to beg (beg) money from his parents under completely different pretexts, and they, often without realizing their child’s addiction, of course give him pocket money for a “movie session” or same as “a cultural outing to a cafe with friends to eat pizza and drink juice.” What could all this lead to? To serious destruction of both the mental and physical state of a teenager. Especially considering that the body develops intensively during adolescence, alcohol causes enormous damage to it.

Elizaveta KLOCHKOVA

Appendix No. 8

Youth health

Enjoying life

or drug addiction and its terrible consequences

This is a song of your memory,

A person you don't know by sight...

Like trees with wings of branches,

The benzene ring will close us.

Drug addiction is a strong, painful craving for drugs. According to the Internet, about 8.5 million residents of our country use narcotic and psychotropic substances, of which 70% are teenagers, and how many we still don’t know about.

How do young people come to this disastrous addiction? I think that the initial conduits for this are: violence, bullying by society (especially peers), eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia, etc.), teenage alcoholism and a “bad campaign”... One trouble leads to another, and in In such a situation, drug addiction is almost inevitable.

Having tried a drug, having experienced the dubious “pleasure” of its effects once, a person finds himself in a cycle of syringes, tablets, smoking mixtures and powders of unknown origin and is included in the cycle of life from “high to high”, not noticing the real life around him.

You came in and locked it from the inside,

And drew it on white with charcoal

The snowy edge of the needle-shaped dawn,

Black wings are a disastrous rift.

I managed to talk with a person who knew what I was writing about, not just from conversations. And this is what he said:

I am 19 years old and an inactive drug addict. Besides, I haven’t used it for eight months now, which I’m very happy about. But, despite this achievement, I continue to feel how the disease is progressing inside my entire body, although from the outside it is completely invisible. After so many years of using “krokodil”, I was ready to believe the doctors who spoke about my imminent death, but four years have passed since their forecasts, and I am here and ready to answer all your questions.

When did you plunge into the world of the so-called “high”?

He started using it at the age of 11. I immediately started with the most terrible thing - I injected myself, injected myself with great greed. Then I became acquainted with “nasvay” and other light drugs. The idea to use it did not come to me on its own. They took me for a show-off, and not wanting to look like a coward in the eyes of the older guys, I decided to do it.

Were you aware of your problem?

Was this costly for you?

If you use it on an ongoing basis, it is naturally expensive, and I was always without money. However, things did not come to the point of selling family valuables and stealing. I worked part-time and spent all my money on drugs, took money from my mother until she found out the truth that I was not spending it on the girl I broke up with a long time ago. Many people told her that there was something wrong with me, but my mother doted on me and considered me an ideal child. The veil of maternal love blocked her view of reality, where I was already deeply mired in illness. I injected myself into inconspicuous places: my wrists, the back of my hand, and wherever there were veins... It was difficult to burn me.

When did you decide to quit?

If we can recognize alcoholism by the daily drinking of alcoholic beverages, the mountain of bottles in a garbage bag every day, then with drug addiction things are much more difficult. As it turned out, people addicted to drugs, as a rule, are secretive, cunning and deceitful, but you can understand that changes are happening to a person, indicating the possibility of him taking narcotic drugs, by a change in behavior, in appearance, by actions that are not characteristic of him life position.

Having studied many articles and videos in order to plunge even deeper into the process of the disease and understand what signs may indicate the onset of addiction, I made certain conclusions: drug addicts are characterized by sudden and causeless changes in mood (a person can laugh and cry in absolute silence, and the interval there can be 10 seconds between these two emotions); emotional instability (aggression, persecution mania); inattention to one’s appearance (even the most notorious narcissist may never approach the mirror again). And also: glassy eyes, dilated pupils or their sharp constriction; new social circle. They cease to be interested in family relationships and their problems. The sleep-wake pattern is disrupted, excessive sweating, dry and pale skin appears...

In order for you to understand this in more detail and, perhaps, save yourself or your neighbor, I advise you to read the book by Abbot Evmeny Peristy, “A Ray of Hope in the Drug World.”

You trample the world with your boots

Without noticing where you are stepping,

And time leaves you in color pictures,

But you don't even understand that

Evmeniy Peristy

Everything in this book is presented in simple and understandable language. A scientific text, but everything is written in such a way that even without having anything to do with this problem, you are imbued with every word and strive to learn more about this terrifying disease in order to warn yourself, because everyone is not immune from anything. The book contains chapters such as: “Personal predisposition to drug addiction”, “Unsolved teenage problems as the cause of addiction”, “Drug addiction is a collapse”, “What is addiction”... Many people with addictive behavior write on various sites that this the book radically changed their worldview, helped them understand themselves and set life priorities, putting in first place not drugs, but a happy life “in the beginning.”

Instead of an epilogue

Alina VERKHOVINSKAYA

Appendix No. 9

Please speak

To be youreself

TeenagersXXI centuries - a very problematic generation, always in a mad race for “trends”. These children are often addicted or sick.

It seems to me that this is all due to public opinion, which is currently putting significant pressure on many, and society is not so tolerant now. If a person passes by you who does not meet your ideals or is simply different from the gray mass, what will you do? In such a situation, as statistics show, approximately 84% of Russians will react absolutely adequately, but if you imagine the number of people living in our country, the remaining 24% is a decent part of society.

Every careless word can prompt a person to take rash and unwanted actions. “You’re fat!” - and now a girl weighing 50 kilograms is on a strict diet, and her daily diet is water and air. The boy becomes an outcast simply for the reason that his classmates and peers don’t like him, no one gets along with him, and he plunges into the world of computer games, becomes addicted, as it is now fashionable to call it: an addictive teenager.

I myself once felt fear if someone’s gaze seemed unkind and strange to me. I directed all the ridicule in my direction. I was afraid to speak out publicly and be misunderstood.

When my loved ones noticed the problem, I felt much better. I was forced to talk, express my opinion and not be afraid of being wrong. I myself made an effort to gain self-confidence, standing in front of the mirror and speaking out the thoughts that had accumulated during the day, developing my diction. I often took reports at school, learned long poems by various authors in order to learn how to behave in front of an audience, which my childhood passion for dancing partially helped me with. Over time, if I was confident that I was right, I became indifferent to other people’s criticism and what others thought of me.

Society loves to point out someone’s shortcomings and reproach them, but as Stalin once said: “If you criticize, make suggestions,” which has become the phrase of my life, my motto. If we analyze the meaning of this statement, it will sound like this: “If you judge me, then explain how to act and behave correctly? Give reasons for this and tell me how I can implement this into my life?”

But public opinion is not always negative and negative. There will be people who will believe in you, encourage you and look up to your attitude in life. You are a person, you are unique! Do as your heart and mind tell you, never pay attention to envious people and don’t put on the mask of someone who you inherently are not in order to please someone else, this is hypocrisy. Don't forget who you are and shout it to the whole world as loud as possible. Don’t think that you are alone, there are at least two of us, which means we can handle it.

And finally, five quotes from the world's greatest people about public opinion:

The greatest prison in which people live is the fear of what others will think (David Icke);
If you set off towards your goal and stop along the way to throw stones at every dog barking at you, you will never reach it (Fyodor Dostoevsky);
Public opinion is just someone's opinion that served as an epidemic (Martti Larney);
I don't care what critics write at all. I know that in their hearts they love my work, but they are afraid to admit it (Salvador Dali);
Worry about what other people think of you, and you will forever remain their prisoner (Lao Tzu).

Alina VERKHOVINSKAYA

If you ask what age a person is most at risk for psychological problems, most people will say that it is adolescence. This is the time when a person moves from the state of a child to the state of an adult, when all roles and expectations change, and life itself changes. If there are any external problematic factors, it can be very difficult to make this transition. Let's try to figure out what happens to teenagers in the process of growing up and developing their personality.

Causes of psychological problems in adolescence

Why do problems still arise? After all, they don’t bother everyone. There are happy children who, growing up, receive full support from family and friends, all the opportunities for development and self-realization. But even in this case, it may be impossible to avoid certain difficulties. The causes of psychological problems in adolescence can be caused by:

Relationships in the family: this is violence, excessive criticism from parents, imposing life principles on a teenager, a negative environment at home (quarrels between parents, a depressing atmosphere).
Growing up in a single-parent family: lack of certain aspects in upbringing, as well as emotional instability (stress of the parent) and forced early adulthood (for example, to help a mother who was left alone).
Criticism from others or lack of recognition: During adolescence, a serious process of self-determination occurs. A person understands who he is in the world, in the city, in his environment; understands what he is capable of, learns about his personal qualities and aspirations. Here there arises an awareness of the desire inherent in any of us - to feel needed, to know that you are not living in vain. And if some characteristics of a teenager are not accepted by his environment, dissonance arises and, as a consequence, a crisis.
Features of temperament: hot-tempered and emotional people are at risk of drowning in their emotions and emerging from them in a not entirely correct direction.

Types of teenage problems, personality problems

What problems do teenagers most often face? There are several general problems that can be divided into minor and more in-depth ones:

Psychological problems: features and solutions

The solution to the problems of adolescence should be proper communication. And first of all, parents can provide such communication. It is necessary to allow the child to live in accordance with his own desires, give him the right and opportunity to try different things and look for his own. It is very important to respect parental boundaries. The child should always remember that if he fails somewhere or needs support (whatever), he can always come to his parents and get it. A balance of tenderness, attention and severity must be maintained. It is important that both the child and the parents understand the extent of their responsibility.

If you still have unresolved questions or feel a lack of strength to help a teenager cope with problems, I am always ready to help you. Sign up for a consultation by phone 8-983-269-35-31!

The teenage years are a serious challenge for a child and his parents. Teenagers often argue with their parents; they try to achieve greater independence and a minimum of control from adults. This is a natural step, however, during this period, parents have to deal with disrespect for themselves.

In situations where your teen's behavior becomes increasingly problematic, it is important to resolve the difficult situation before it gets out of control.

The main problems of modern teenagers:

1. The teenager is obsessed with electronic devices.
Most teenagers are constantly focused on cell phones and text messages as a way for them to stay connected with their friends. However, this should not interfere with other aspects of their lives, such as studying, helping around the house and self-development.

Some parents install computers in the common rooms of the house to be able to monitor activities; others place time limits on device use. In addition, you can set restrictions on various sites and programs with inappropriate content.

2. The teenager is hostile to his parents.
Parents may not notice when their affectionate child has turned into an irritable teenager who behaves disrespectfully, speaks boorishly, rolls his eyes and ignores the rules. For most of adolescence, young people learn their own behavior patterns that are different from their parents' behavior.

Friends' opinions are valued significantly more than family's, and this can be dangerous. Be that as it may, it is important to establish basic standards of behavior, and an important rule is the prohibition of arguing with parents. Your teen must understand that you will not tolerate inexcusable behavior towards you.

3. The teenager quickly loses his temper.
Any words provoke a teenager into irritation and rage, make him scream, cry, stomp his feet and run into another room. This is often the result of physical and emotional changes that the child experiences. However, this seriously complicates communication with him.

Try to change your tactics - instead of moralizing and giving advice, try expressing sympathy for him. This will allow you to connect with your teen and achieve honest communication.

4. The teenager is telling lies.
There are many reasons why your teen may not tell you the truth. For example, the desire to hide certain facts from parents as a way to achieve greater independence. When your child hides details about his life, it can be a warning sign that he is in bad company and involved in dishonest things.

It may also mean that the teenager will not ask you for help if he needs it. It is necessary to understand exactly what problems the teenager is hiding. In case of unsuccessful attempts, it makes sense to seek help from a psychologist.

5. The teenager arrives late.
Teenagers often test their limits and often intentionally break curfews. Before you start a scandal, try to find out whether the curfew set by his friends' parents is really much later than yours.

If you're concerned about your teen engaging in dangerous activities, make sure you warn them about the consequences and are able to enforce rules to break the emerging dangerous habit.

6. A teenager chooses bad friends.
You may feel that some of your teen's friends dress inappropriately and are a bad influence, but this is not always a cause for alarm. A teenager may be very attached to his friends, and any criticism of them will be perceived sharply as personal criticism. Therefore, it is often better not to express your opinion too harshly.

Of course, if you are concerned that your child is using drugs or engaging in other dangerous activities, it is important to intervene early. Family therapy can help find solutions to the negative influences of friends.

7. A teenager's experiments with sex.
It is natural for teenagers to become more interested in sex due to increased hormonal changes in the body. It is important for parents to make sure that their child understands the possible consequences of sex.

If you discover that your teen is already sexually active, try to be objective and look for ways to resolve emotional and physical problems if they have already occurred.

8. The teenager uses drugs.
Teens may be curious about drugs, so it's important to make sure you warn them about the dangers well in advance. It is necessary to try to create an environment in communication with a teenager in which, on the one hand, he will feel comfortable talking to you about his curiosity, but, on the other hand, your position on the dangers of drugs will remain firm.

Try to understand why a teenager wants to use drugs. Perhaps friends in his company insist on this. Asking questions directly will help you find a more effective solution to your drug problem.

There are situations, such as violence or sexual addiction, that require professional intervention. Psychotherapists and other psychology specialists can help find a possible solution to the problem.

Recently, in our city (including the country), the problem of neglect and delinquency among minors has become acute. How many boys of teenage age and primary school age can be seen on the streets of the city, hanging around idle, begging, sniffing glue and other toxic substances. At this stage of development of our society, this is a very global social problem that needs to be addressed by identifying the causes.

A modern teenager lives in a world that is complex in its content and socialization trends. This is due, firstly, to the pace and rhythm of technical and technological transformations, which impose new demands on growing people. Secondly, with the rich nature of information, which creates a lot of “noise” that deeply affects a teenager who has not yet developed a clear position in life. Thirdly, with the environmental and economic crises that have affected our society, which causes children to feel hopeless and irritated. At the same time, young people develop a sense of protest, often unconscious, and at the same time their individualization grows, which, with the loss of general social interest, leads to selfishness. Teenagers, more than other age groups, suffer from the instability of the social, economic and moral situation in the country, having today lost the necessary orientation in values and ideals - the old ones are destroyed, new ones are not created.

In these conditions, the traditional generational conflict, the “problem of fathers and sons,” appears, perhaps, especially clearly. It seems significant in this regard that adults who are directly interested in the full personal development of adolescents and who are called upon to provide appropriate conditions for this development (teachers, parents, practical psychologists) often have distorted, inadequate ideas about the problems of the younger generation. Some of these problems are clearly exaggerated, while others, no less acute, are, on the contrary, obscured and remain unattended by adults. As a result, some adults consider almost all teenagers to be drug addicts and alcoholics, potential criminals, racketeers and prostitutes, while others try not to notice new trends in the development of modern youth.

Therefore, it is important to know the real problems of adolescents in order to obtain a unique socio-psychological portrait of a modern teenager.

Chapter I. Theoretical aspects of adolescence.

1. 1. Youth as a special socio-demographic group.

The transition to a market economy caused significant changes in the social status of various groups of the population, including those that were traditionally considered bearers of advanced ideas. One of the main places in the new conditions belongs to young people. The social guidelines it chooses will largely determine the future of society.

Youth is characterized by those social relations and social forms that define it as an independent (relative to others) socio-demographic group. Youth, as a special socio-demographic group, has a number of characteristics that arise primarily from its very objective essence. The social characteristics of young people are determined by the specific position that they occupy in the process of reproduction of the social structure, as well as the ability not only to inherit, but also to transform existing social relations, i.e., the potential essential forces of a young person. The contradictions that arise within this process underlie a whole complex of specific youth problems.

Youth, as an emerging subject of social production, is also characterized by the special content of the personal, objective and procedural aspects of concrete historical existence. Such a manifestation of the social quality of young people is associated with the specifics of their social status and is determined by the laws of the socialization process in specific social conditions.

The specific living conditions of young people determine the characteristics of youth consciousness, the dialectical unity of the structural elements of which forms the incentive and motivational essential forces of youth. Within this unity, a variety of contradictory determinations arises, mediating the specificity of their relationship to the surrounding reality and the motivation of social activity.

The listed manifestations of the social quality of youth in the process of development transform into one another, mutually complement each other, determining its social essence, which is realized through activity.

Thus, youth are a special socio-demographic group experiencing a period of formation of social maturity, whose position is determined by the socio-economic state of society.

The boundaries of youth are fluid. They depend on the socio-economic development of society, the achieved level of well-being and culture, and people’s living conditions. The impact of these factors is really manifested in the life expectancy of people, expanding the boundaries of youth age from 14 to 30 years. The lower age limit is determined by the fact that it is at this age that a teenager first gets the right to choose socially: continue his studies at school, enroll in a technical or humanities college, lyceum, or go to work. By the age of thirty, a person, as a rule, reaches professional maturity, the formation of his family is completed, and he occupies a certain position in society.

Young people make up 41% of Russia's working-age population.

22.3 million young people are employed in the national economy. However, the share of young people among those employed in the national economy is constantly declining, especially among workers in industry, construction and transport. In connection with the structural changes taking place in the economy, the share of young people in the non-productive sector is growing, and this requires changes in the structure of their labor training and retraining. The number of young people in rural areas has decreased by 19% over 10 years and amounts to only 18.5% of the rural population of Russia.

The introduction of market relations has exacerbated the problem of social security in the world of work. Young workers are the first to be laid off and join the ranks of the unemployed. By the beginning of 1996, unemployment in Russia reached (according to official data) 2.3 million people or 3.2% of the economically active population; 38% of all unemployed are young people under 30 years of age.

Particularly alarming trends among young people include the lag in the level of education from the level achieved by the most developed countries; acceleration of the decline in the prestige of general and vocational education; an increase in the number of young people entering the workforce with a low level of education and having no desire to continue their education; the orientation of many levels of education towards the “in-line” reproduction of workers, employees and specialists without taking into account the requirements of consumers; unpreparedness of higher, vocational and secondary school personnel to work in new conditions; the increasing lag of the material and technical base at all levels from regulatory requirements; a decline in the intellectual level of the graduate student body - the future of Russian science, an outflow of gifted young men and women from many universities and from the country.

“Negative manifestations” consist, first of all, in the fact that the youth environment becomes a dangerous crime zone. Statistics show a steady increase in juvenile crime (145.4 thousand crimes were committed in 2003, 154.4 thousand crimes in 2004, and 154.7 thousand crimes in 2005).

The number of “female” crimes is growing from year to year. The trend towards “rejuvenation” of female crime is of great concern to law enforcement agencies. Today, 1,136 teenage girls are kept in the three educational and labor colonies for minors in Russia. Most of them were convicted of serious crimes.

According to forecasts, by 2010 the number of children will decrease by 3.73 million people compared to 2003, which determines a further downward trend in the country's population. The birth rate does not ensure simple reproduction of the population. Maternal and infant mortality rates remain high, and only 30 percent of newborns can be considered healthy. Over the past 10 years, the morbidity rate among children as a whole has increased by more than 1.4 times.

The younger generation, for the most part, found itself without reliable social guidelines. The destruction of traditional forms of socialization based on the social predetermination of life's path, on the one hand, increased the personal responsibility of young people for their destiny, presenting them with the need to choose, on the other hand, it revealed the unwillingness of most of them to engage in new social relations. The choice of life path began to be determined not by the abilities and interests of the young man, but by specific circumstances.

Unfortunately, existing economic and social programs practically do not take into account the specific social position of the younger generation in the process of social development. In this regard, it is necessary to increase attention to the social problems of youth, to determine the means, forms, methods and criteria of social work with the younger generation.

Of all the periods of human personality development, perhaps the most problematic, difficult and most dangerous is adolescence. Adolescence is a period when rapid physiological and psychological changes, changes in the social environment and social requirements for the growing individual often provoke various deviations in behavior, manifested in negativism, dominance, stubbornness, and aggression.

The main goal of our research is to identify the problems of adolescents and explore ways to solve them. We need to remember the main thing: teenagers are no longer children, but not yet adults. They consider themselves independent and independent from their parents and try more and more to be like their comrades. They have a strong sense of justice and are prone to conflicts and arguments. Their behavior is unpredictable, and they sometimes force their parents to take extreme measures - such as setting too strict boundaries for behavior or, conversely, giving them complete freedom in order to avoid conflicts.

On the path to their own independence, adolescents need to establish boundaries and norms of behavior, and the decision to establish them should be made jointly with parents, teachers and doctors.

In this paragraph, we have determined the age range of young people and highlighted a certain range of problems that are relevant to young people:

✓ falling birth rates and aging youth;

✓ increased mortality;

✓ the problem of the health of children and youth;

✓ increase in the number of murders and suicides;

✓ unemployment;

✓ illiteracy;

✓ loss of social reference points.

1. 2. Who are teenagers?

Do those teachers, psychologists, and parents who do not deal directly with this age think about this question?

It seems to us that this is not always the case. And not at all because they are not interested, but because those who raise younger schoolchildren have enough of their own everyday problems. It seems to them that they will still have time to get acquainted with the problems of teenagers when it is relevant, when these problems confront them in full force and the time comes to solve them. However, we should not forget that the child’s development proceeds sequentially. It has its own logic, each subsequent stage is based on what has been achieved and laid down in the previous one.

It is necessary to have a good idea of what is important to develop in pre-adolescence so that the child’s rather difficult, problematic, conflict-ridden adolescence passes as calmly as possible. How can we ensure that children arrive at the onset of the teenage crisis with a level of mental development that would allow them to get through this period with minimal difficulties and losses? And along with this, how to provide the necessary assistance to those who have already crossed this border? And for adults, ensure such relationships with children that would help you become not potential opponents for them, but a genuine support in difficult situations.

Therefore, we appeal to you: get acquainted with the problems of adolescence now. Try to understand and appreciate them. This will be useful in your work today.

So what is a teenager? It is not possible to answer this question briefly and unambiguously. Different schools of psychology answer it differently. One thing remains undoubted, the same for everyone: adolescence is the age of a serious crisis affecting both the physiological and mental development of the child. This crisis is directly related to puberty. In medicine and physiology, this period is called puberty.

However, the assessment of this period is not unambiguous in different psychological and pedagogical concepts. How do these developments manifest themselves?

A clear indicator of a different approach to the problem is the determination of what period adolescence covers - when it begins, how long it lasts.

In our domestic literature, the most common opinion is that it begins quite early, in many cases already at 10-12 years, and lasts up to 15 years. Then he moves into adolescence, which in many ways is a direct continuation of adolescence. Adolescence ends at the age of eighteen, i.e., with the onset of adulthood.

At the same time, foreign psychologists, psychotherapists and other specialists give a different periodization of adolescence: for example, in both Europe and the United States they consider adolescence to be a single age, but divide it into two parts, i.e. they do not distinguish a special period of adolescence , and at the same time indicate that for a large number of young people this period begins at the age of 13 and lasts until twenty to twenty-three. Some people even date the end of adolescence to the age of twenty-five. This is indicated by specialists who deal with difficult cases of adolescence, in particular psychotherapists and psychoanalysts.

Age differences in the definition of what constitutes adolescence are taken as an example because they are quite understandable to everyone, regardless of the extent to which these professionals, as well as parents, are familiar with the basic problems of age. Of course, there are many differences in the definition and interpretation of the problems associated with the onset and progression of this age. But the main thing remains that adolescence turns out to be a period of crisis in the child’s development, and this crisis does not always proceed without complications and, even with a normal course, requires close attention from adults. It is also quite obvious that this period proceeds differently for different children.

Let's start with the safe options for the course of adolescence.

There are teenagers who, quite early, already at the age of 12-13, strive to join the world of adults and at the same time are seriously interested in the problems that are the most significant in society today. For example, in the post-war decades, many teenagers were interested in physics (one of the reasons was the reaction to the invention of the atomic bomb), mathematics, and later computers and sought to get into physics and mathematics schools. After graduating from these schools, they went to the corresponding specialties at institutes and universities and, as a rule, became scientists. In recent years, priorities have shifted somewhat. “Prosperous” teenagers began to more often focus on biological sciences, economics, business and law.

Other teenagers of the same age sought to go into the arts - to literary and theater studios, music schools and colleges. And if we get acquainted with the biographies of famous scientists and artists, we will see that their social path to science and art began precisely at this age. One of the first to pay attention to the age of 13-14 years in this sense was the outstanding psychologist L. S. Vygotsky in his book “Pedology of the Adolescent,” referring to the works of the famous Russian teacher P. P. Blonsky.

These ideas are confirmed in other studies. For example, M. Perelman, a theoretical physicist who was actively interested in problems of psychology, in his work devoted to the development of adolescents, provides statistical data showing that the majority of major, and in some cases, outstanding mathematicians and physicists. As well as biologists, musicians and other talented people, they chose their area of interest at the age of 13 and have been persistently moving towards their goal since then.

However, prosperous teenagers face difficulties in personal development, the formation of a self-image and, of course, need the close attention and help of adults.

When adolescence is accompanied by a serious crisis, for “dysfunctional” teenagers the way out of it is in some cases earlier and easier, while in others it turns out to be extremely difficult for both the teenager and the family.

These differences, as shown by pedagogical experience, the experience of parents, as well as scientific analysis presented in the works of numerous psychologists and other specialists, largely depend on how the child was raised before adolescence, how correctly the family behaved - first of all, the family – during the teenage period of a child’s development, how his social experience developed, the experience of relationships with peers and adults in the family and in the school community.

Adolescence is the so-called “transitional period”, a kind of special path from childhood to adulthood. And without going through this path, not a single person can form, become an independent person. What is this path? Why is it not an easy, but often unpredictable period in the life of a child, and therefore his entire family? What problems and difficulties stand in this way?

Everyone – physiologists, psychologists, neurologists and psychotherapists – agree that the basis of the transition period from childhood to adulthood is a physiological restructuring of the entire organism, and primarily hormonal. These same processes of restructuring the body, long and difficult processes, but absolutely necessary for the transformation of a child into an adult, into an adult personality, become the cause and basis of the teenage crisis. Hence a very important conclusion: the teenage crisis cannot be avoided or avoided. But this does not mean at all that it goes the same way for all children and that no one can influence how it turns out in a child.

All the actions of teenage children express their desire to break out of the captivity of the norms and responsibilities with which the adult world has surrounded them, and to achieve some kind of independence. At least at the cost of conflict with society. This desire is not limited to disadvantaged teenagers. It also exists among prosperous teenagers, who also strive to the highest degree for independence and self-realization.

Of course, parents are mediators between teenagers and society. More precisely, first of all, parents. In a word, the goal of adolescents is independence from the world of adults and the laws and rules of behavior created by this world. By analyzing parental complaints, we can see age-related changes in the nature and essence of the actions that parents complain about. These changes characterize age differences between adolescents. At the beginning, as can be seen from the nature of the “violations,” we are talking about the beginning of adolescence, about children 10-15 years old, for whom society appears mainly in the person of parents, grandparents or older brothers and sisters. Hence the struggle around “small”, mainly family demands - unwillingness to clean the room, one’s own dishes, follow hygiene rules, unwillingness to obey parents, etc.

However, they draw girlfriends and friends into the orbit of their “violations”, demonstrate independence, no longer neglecting hygiene or the state of order in their room and kitchen, by disposing of their parents’ things at their own discretion, not only throwing them anywhere, but also giving to your friends and girlfriends. The next step in the struggle for “emancipation” is no longer to neglect one’s appearance, but, on the contrary, to introduce elements of adulthood into everyday life. For example, using cosmetics, wearing clothes designed for adults, etc.

And then comes the third stage. The parental complaints that complete the list presented are fundamentally different from those we discussed earlier. They already belong to those teenagers who have crossed the border of adolescence and have not been able to find the strength to reconcile their “I” with the demands of the society in which they exist. They failed to find their place either in the family or in society. And such a situation inevitably leads to an aggravation of the crisis. Towards a transition from conflict with the family and with the education system to conflict with society as a whole. This is very clearly and graphically confirmed by the way the nature of parental complaints has changed. Instead of complaints about intra-family conflicts, violation of the norms of society as a whole comes to the fore: drunkenness, drug use, sexual promiscuity.

We can, perhaps, say that where we were talking about the age of up to 16-18 years, we were faced with antisocial behavior. In the future, behavior may become antisocial. This situation is not accidental - the crisis of adolescence cannot stand still. It is either overcome if it promptly becomes the subject of attention of parents, psychologists and teachers, or, in many cases, it intensifies and deepens if qualified help does not come at all.

Let's try to understand what underlies those manifestations that make the teenage crisis a dangerous age period for everyone - for the child himself, for his parents and for the whole society.

Is it possible in one chapter, at least briefly, to touch upon all the problems of adolescence and discuss the reasons why they arise? Of course no.

However, many questions arise here, which we will try to dwell on in the future. It is advisable to start with the development of self-awareness and the formation of the image of “I”. Many psychologists and educators who study adolescence and work with teenagers in different conditions talk about this problem. For example, in a family setting or in a group to which a teenager belongs.

The development of self-awareness and the formation of the image of “I” is considered in psychology as one of the most important achievements of adolescence. But since this process can be called a revolutionary transformation in the consciousness of a teenager, talking about it touches on all the main directions of development and the main difficulties of growth. This means the difficulties experienced by the children themselves, the parents, and the school during this period.

The view of oneself, the awareness of one’s “I” changes over a long period of development. At first, the child evaluates himself from the point of view of external signs, the correspondence of appearance - height, physical development - with the standard of his environment, then the subject of attention becomes signs of gender, and not only external, but also behavioral. And in teenagers’ understanding of themselves, in the formation of the image of “I,” reactions and assessments of society are increasingly involved - not only assessments of appearance, but also behavior, views, and success. During this period, sharp, thoughtless reactions of the family - parents, older brothers and sisters - can become the basis for a complete disruption of the child’s personal development. Become the same impetus for asocial or even antisocial behavior.

As a result, it turns out that teenagers are young people aged 13 to 17 years (in the USA these are teenagers from 13 to 23), and adolescence is the so-called “transitional period”, like a special path from childhood to adulthood. At this age, a teenager’s physiology rapidly changes, clumsiness in movements, emotional imbalance, and increased reflexivity appear. At the same time, this is the most crucial period, since here the foundations of morality are formed, social attitudes and attitudes towards oneself, towards people, and towards society are formed.

1. 3. Psychological characteristics of adolescence.

With the transition from elementary to middle and high school, the position of children in the system of business and personal relationships with people around them changes. Serious matters begin to occupy an increasing place in their lives, and less and less time is allocated for rest and entertainment. The demands on intelligence are increasing. Teachers and parents are switching to a new style of communicating with teenagers, appealing more to their reason and logic than to feelings.

On intellectual development in adolescence and youth.

During adolescence, the process of cognitive development is actively underway. Science still does not know enough what happens to the consciousness of children during this age period, how their perception, attention and imagination change. Improvements in cognitive processes such as memory, speech, and thinking are easier to observe and more can be said about them.

Teenagers and young men can already think logically, are capable of theoretical reasoning and self-analysis. They think relatively freely on moral, political and other topics that are practically inaccessible to the intellect of a younger student.

High school students can draw general conclusions based on particular premises and, on the contrary, move on to particular conclusions based on general premises, that is, they are capable of induction and deduction.

The most important intellectual acquisition of adolescence is the ability to operate with hypotheses. We can talk about the development of theoretical, or verbal-logical, thinking in adolescents.

There is an intellectualization of all other cognitive processes. There is a noticeable increase in consciousness and self-awareness, a deepening of knowledge about oneself, about people, about the world around us.

The development of self-awareness is expressed in changes in the motivation of the main activities: learning, communication and work.

Those activities that previously played a leading role, such as play, are gradually relegated to the background. A new stage of mental development begins.

During adolescence, self-control of activities is actively improved. Until adolescence, many adolescents still lack the ability to pre-plan activities, but at the same time there is a desire for self-regulation.

On improving mental processes.

In grades 6–11, important processes associated with memory restructuring occur in the psyche of schoolchildren. Logical memory is actively developing, but the development of mechanical memory is slowing down, which is associated with an increase in the amount of information. Students may have memory problems; Along with this, there is an interest in ways to improve memory.

At this age, reading, monologue and written speech begin to actively develop. Written speech improves in the direction from the ability to write in writing to independent composition on a given topic.

The development of children’s abilities continues on the basis of leading activities: learning, communication and work.

In training, students’ communicative abilities are formed and developed, including the ability to come into contact with strangers, achieve their favor and mutual understanding, and achieve their goals. In work there is an active development of those practical skills that in the future can improve professional abilities.

About the development of thinking.

Adolescence is characterized by increased intellectual activity, a desire to develop, demonstrate one’s abilities, and receive high praise from others.

The desire for self-education is a characteristic feature of adolescence and early adolescence.

About the personality of a teenager.

The transition to adolescence is characterized by profound changes in the conditions affecting the child's personal development. They relate to the physiology of the body, the relationships that a teenager develops with adults and peers, the level of development of cognitive processes, intelligence and abilities.

The center of physical and spiritual life moves from the home to the outside world.

During three to four years of study in high school, a person’s motivational sphere is formed, his personal and business interests are determined, and professional inclinations and abilities are revealed. The main motivational lines of this age period, associated with an active desire for personal self-improvement, are self-awareness, self-expression and self-affirmation.

A teenager is also forced to grow up quickly by circumstances related to physical changes in his body.

The easiest way to achieve the goal of “being like an adult” is to imitate the external forms of observed behavior. At the same time, during adolescence, the process of formation and development of the child’s self-awareness continues. He pays great attention to his own shortcomings. The desired self-image of adolescents usually consists of the virtues they value in other people.

On the formation of volitional qualities.

In the 7th and 8th grades, teenagers begin to systematically engage in self-education. They love adventure, romantic films and literature, as their heroes are characterized by qualities of masculinity, courage, character and willpower.

In late adolescence, many boys begin to engage in self-development of their strong-willed personality traits through sports. The general logic of the development of all volitional qualities can be expressed as follows: from the ability to manage oneself, concentrate efforts, and withstand heavy loads to the ability to manage one’s activities and achieve high results in them.

On the development of personal business qualities.

Adolescence is characterized by processes associated with the choice of a future profession. There is a desire to do something with your own hands, increased curiosity and the first dreams of a future profession.

Children are distinguished by increased cognitive and creative activity. New teaching motives appear. The teaching is complemented by self-education, acquiring a deeper personal meaning.

At this age, good conditions are created for the formation of organizational abilities, efficiency, and enterprise.

Along with learning and work, play still provides rich opportunities for children’s personal development.

On the achievements of mental development of adolescents.

As teenagers age, their interests change dramatically. In the fifth and sixth grades, children increase their attention to the position they occupy in the class among their peers. Sixth and seventh graders begin to show interest in their appearance, in children of the opposite sex and in their relationships with them. Seventh graders show interest in their abilities and their future profession. Eighth-graders highly value independence, individuality, and personal qualities that are manifested in relationships of friendship and camaraderie.

Adolescence is the time of the formation of true individuality, independence in learning and work, a heightened desire for knowledge and self-evaluation, for the formation of a holistic, consistent image of “I”.

In the period between 12–14 years, when describing themselves and other people, adolescents begin to use less categorical judgments, including the words “sometimes,” “almost,” “it seems to me,” etc., which indicates a transition to the position of evaluative relativism, understanding ambiguity, inconstancy and diversity of human personal manifestations.

In adolescence, a differentiated attitude towards different teachers appears: some are loved, others are not, others are treated indifferently. New criteria for assessing personality and adult activities are being formed.

Teenagers value more knowledgeable teachers, strict but fair, who treat children kindly, are able to explain the material in an interesting and clear way, give fair grades, and do not divide the class into favorites and disliked. Teenagers especially value the teacher’s erudition, as well as the ability to properly build relationships with students.

The child's perception of himself changes. At 10–11 years old, about a third of all adolescents give themselves mostly negative characteristics. This attitude often persists into 12–13 years. However, it is accompanied by some positive changes in self-perception, a higher assessment of oneself as an individual.

As one grows up, initially global negative self-evaluations become more differentiated, characterizing behavior in various situations, and then private actions.

In the development of reflection, that is, the ability to base one’s own strengths and weaknesses, the following is observed: first, children are primarily aware of their individual actions in certain life situations, then character traits and, finally, basic personal characteristics.

On the formation of theoretical intelligence.

The intellectual development of children can be accelerated in three directions: conceptual structure of thinking, verbal intelligence, and internal plan of action.

The development of thinking in high school can be facilitated by rhetoric, an understanding of the ability to plan, compose and deliver public speeches, conduct a discussion, and answer questions competently.

Middle and high school students should not mechanically memorize and repeat frozen definitions of scientific concepts, but, first of all, understand their meaning and logic. This will undoubtedly speed up the process of developing the conceptual structure of thinking in high school students.

On improving practical thinking.

The structure of practical intelligence includes the following qualities of the mind: enterprise, economy, prudence, the ability to quickly and efficiently solve emerging problems.

Entrepreneurship is manifested in the fact that in a difficult life situation a person is able to find several solutions to the problem that has arisen, and most importantly, he is always ready to find a solution in practical terms and can find a way out of any situation.

Economy consists in the fact that a person is able to find a method of action that will lead to the desired result with the least cost and expense.

Prudence is manifested in the ability to look far ahead, foresee the consequences of certain decisions and actions, accurately determine their result and evaluate what it may cost.

The ability to quickly solve assigned problems is a dynamic characteristic of practical intelligence, manifested in the amount of time that passes from the moment a problem arises to its practical solution.

Practical thinking can be considered developed if it has all the indicated properties. It can and should be developed in students starting from the first grades, not only at school, but at home. The main directions of development of the listed properties of practical intelligence:

Entrepreneurship - through student self-government in the classroom and at school;

Savings - by encouraging children to independently calculate material costs for matters that interest them.

On the development of general and special abilities.

The future professional success of students is to a large extent determined by the work skills that are actively developed during their school years.

Professionalization of education with its simultaneous differentiation according to abilities should be introduced in parallel and in addition to the general education program.

About the education of high school students.

By the end of primary school age, there is a change in the social situation of development and the internal position of the student, as a result of which the processes of formation of his personality are accelerated, and learning temporarily fades into the background. What personal qualities should boys and girls have and what should they be able to do after graduating from high school?

The first and main group of qualities are those associated with self-care at school and at home. Young people leaving school should be able to independently find a job or go to school, hire and equip housing, if necessary, independently provide food, including purchasing and preparing food, independently provide themselves with clothing, and solve other personal or business problems related to with the structure of life, such that a socially adapted adult can cope with relatively easily.

The second group of qualities concerns orientation in the social, political and cultural life of society. After graduating from school, every cultured person should have formed beliefs, a worldview, and a system of social attitudes that determine a person’s attitude to the world, to people, and to himself. Modern young people should know the law to such an extent that they not only do not break the laws themselves, but also help others to do so. They must know the basic fundamentals of economics so that they can engage in individual entrepreneurial activity, start a business, and gain material benefit.

The third group of personal qualities relates to the moral basis of the individual and his culture.

During the years of schooling, children must develop basic moral qualities, and the greatest educational load in this regard falls on middle and high school age. In the primary grades of school, the lion's share of time is spent on learning, and this is normal. However, in the middle grades and beyond, the time allocated for educational and educational activities should become approximately the same.

If in middle and high schools priority is given to education, that is, to the accelerated personal development of children, then in the future their education and intellectual development proceed at a faster pace. This happens because the formed personal qualities listed above become a powerful incentive for further improvement of a person in various types of activities.

About education in communication with peers and adults.

In adolescence and adolescence, the craving for interpersonal communication of the same age increases. Communication with peers during this period is the most important school of self-education. But without adults, teenagers are often unable to find the right answers to the questions that concern them. Particularly favorable opportunities for inter-age communication between children and adults are created by their joint work.

About self-education of teenagers.

In adolescence, the desire for self-education is strong. At the age of 12–14, children begin to think about the possibilities of intellectual and personal communication, self-improvement, and make conscious, targeted efforts for this purpose. Self-perception goes through a certain development path.

The first stage is physical and volitional self-education. A typical goal at this stage is the volitional and physical self-improvement of a teenager, and the goals are to improve the volitional qualities of the individual, such as self-confidence, etc., through the use of special means and exercises, and physical development.

Many children begin to engage in physical education and sports.

The second stage is moral self-improvement. The goal of self-education at this time is spiritual and moral development, understood as the development of noble personality traits: decency, kindness, generosity, loyalty in friendship, devotion to a loved one, willingness to help, etc.

What is the best way to help a teenager in his physical, volitional and moral self-improvement? First of all, children's striving for self-perception should be encouraged and actively supported, starting from the first signs of it. A teenager’s physical self-education will best be helped by physical education and sports. The example of an adult plays a big role in the self-education of adolescents.

A psychologically and pedagogically difficult situation related to self-education arises when older schoolchildren are faced with the problem of moral self-improvement. A contradiction arises: on the one hand, the desire for romanticism, chivalry and adventure, inspired by relevant literature and films; on the other, a clash with pragmatism generated by economic living conditions.

If the romantic ideal requires asceticism and modesty in its claims from the individual, then the pragmatic ideal, on the contrary, dictates the desire for material well-being. Romantic orientation presupposes solitude, while pragmatic orientation presupposes active communication. The first is characterized by submission to fate, the second – by struggle.

The primary task of the educator is to show children that in reality pragmatic and romantic values are quite compatible with each other. Along with reading literature of a romantic, heroic and adventure nature, boys and girls can be recommended to get acquainted with works of “business” literature containing biographical information about outstanding personalities in this field.

Thus, adolescence is one of the most difficult periods of human development. Despite its relative short duration, it practically largely determines a person’s entire future life. It is during adolescence that the formation of character and other foundations of personality primarily occurs. These circumstances: the transition from childhood cared for by adults to independence, the change from the usual schooling to other types of social activities, as well as rapid hormonal changes in the body - make the teenager especially vulnerable and, therefore, susceptible to the negative influences of his environment. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the typical desire of adolescents to free themselves from the care and control of relatives, teachers and other educators. Often this desire leads to the denial of the spiritual values and standards of living of the older generation in general.

1. 4. The main problems of modern teenagers.

Adolescents, whose development is fraught with great difficulties and dangers, do not constitute the majority. According to some data published in different countries, approximately 25% belong to this disadvantaged group. This alarming figure in itself suggests that the remaining 75% are developing normally, do not constitute a risk group and, it would seem, do not need constant care. However, there is no teenager who does not need the support of society, primarily the support of his own family. Because every development faces problems. And very often with unexpected problems, difficult to solve for those who do not have life experience. So difficult to resolve that development, which up to this point was proceeding normally, can suddenly turn off the road and find itself, if not on the wrong path, then at a crossroads.

Today we exist in an unstable situation. Disasters in society influence the course of the teenage crisis. They reach huge masses of people today. Social cataclysms: change of social system, change of economic structures, change of political views and social status; disasters associated with huge migrations of population - both within one country and from one country to another. At the same time, there is a transition from one culture to another, a change of language in which the child must learn, develop, receive information, contact with peers and adults, with the entire society around him. These processes, quite difficult for any age, are especially difficult for a teenager.

Teen Problems:

Changes in financial situation, as a rule, for the worse. However, the direction and nature of these changes are extremely different. In some cases, there is either rapid or gradual impoverishment, which leaves a heavy imprint on the emotional climate in the family. However, the consequences of a decline in living standards vary from family to family. When a friendly, close-knit family experiences financial difficulties, teenagers, who naturally feel the full weight of this situation, do not turn off from family problems. As a rule, negative developments do not occur. Moreover, these difficulties in some cases can even play a positive role - become the basis for a more complete inclusion of a teenager in the life of the family, in solving its problems. Often teenagers grow up quickly and begin to replace their elders in caring for the family. In addition, they begin to strive to gain independence more quickly. In families where communication is disrupted and material well-being plays a leading role, a decline in living standards leads to a serious disruption of all family relationships, and adolescents find themselves in a very difficult situation.

The problem of choosing a future profession. In particular, the choice of the educational institution that will determine their entire future. Of course, the most important thing for every future student is to understand what he wants, what he wants to learn, who he wants to become in his future life. This problem has never been simple, and at the present stage of development of our society it is becoming even more complex. Because previously, the basis of choice was, as a rule, the interest of the person entering the institute in some type of activity, for example, literature, philosophy, medicine. Now this problem has become more complicated, because in addition to interest, even graduates consider their choice of profession in most cases in the perspective that this profession opens up for them in the future. Because the conditions for survival in today’s difficult period of the country’s development in many cases become the leading motive for the boy or girl himself, and even more so for parents seeking to ensure the future well-being of their child. We see that often very capable young people, who were interested in literature throughout their school years, for example, go to an economics institute, and those who have already graduated from their favorite chemistry department enroll in accounting courses. It is possible that such an act is quite legal, but this does not always happen. In some cases, everything can go painlessly; the choice can turn out to be not only practical, justified momentarily, but also adequate for the entire life path of a person.

Teenagers usually perceive themselves as a separate group, a special part of society. A striking example of this is the presence of “slang” that teenagers use to communicate with each other. They believe that its use makes their mutual communication not always clear to others what they are striving for. As if to say that they have their own, different from an adult, not subject to influence, special “I”.

Lack of mutual understanding between children, parents and school.

Children of school age need contact with their parents no less than preschool children, but rather more.

Neither a family without contact with the school, nor a school without contact with the family can fully guide the development of a child in pre-adolescence and adolescence and ensure the directed formation of his personality.

Contact between family and school during the period when children enter adolescence must be constant and purposeful, otherwise the teenager is left to his own devices or to undesirable companies. The triad “adolescent, family and school” is broken.

The experience and statements of teenagers themselves show that parents are involved in the lives of their children sporadically, only when they think it is necessary. Everyday contacts, if any, are formal.

The decrease in contacts between parents and schoolchildren can often be explained by the fact that parents do not have not only the time, but also the knowledge for such communication.

We must remember that “parents are a profession,” and in the profession you need to continuously improve.

The problem of the second child. The appearance of a second child dramatically, irreversibly changes the position of the first and his view of the world. The first-born, accustomed to being the only one, tries to regain and win back his usual position in the family, but, of course, he cannot do this. And here very often conflicts arise, which parents suppress with a harsh tone, reprimands, and sometimes punishments. This, as you understand, does not contribute not only to the establishment of close, warm relationships between the older and younger child, but also to the normal state of the nervous system and psyche of the older child, or rather, both children. The atmosphere in the family becomes tense. During this period, the older child may develop actions and forms of behavior that had not previously occurred at all. And although adolescence has not yet begun, many personal manifestations are already creating the basis for future teenage difficulties. Therefore, in such a situation, parents should show increased attention to their older child, help him feel needed and loved again and prevent unwanted development of his personality.

The next group of problems of adolescence are problems associated with deviant behavior of adolescents.

Normal behavior of a teenager involves his interaction with the microsociety, which adequately meets the needs and possibilities of his development and socialization. If the child’s environment is able to respond promptly and adequately to certain characteristics of the teenager, then his behavior will always or almost always be normal. Hence, deviant behavior can be characterized as the interaction of a teenager with a microsociety, disrupting his development and socialization due to the lack of adequate consideration by the environment of the characteristics of his individuality and manifested in behavioral opposition to established moral and legal social norms.

The main types of deviant behavior are crime and criminally punishable cases of immoral behavior, which also pose a certain social danger. The connection between crime and immoral behavior is that the commission of a crime is usually preceded by some kind of behavior in the form of drinking alcohol, drugs, promiscuity in sexual relations, etc.

Medical and psychological problems of teenage schoolchildren. Adolescence is a special period in a child’s life, when various morphological and functional changes in organs and systems occur in a relatively short period of time. These processes are characterized by high energy costs. They are so serious that the body is not able to develop evenly. Bones and muscles, arterial and venous vessels, chambers of the heart - they all grow at different rates. As a result, many stage problems arise, ailments and physical weakness are possible. A teenager's psychological perception of the world changes. This often happens very painfully. All this significantly distinguishes adolescents from children and adults and causes a certain vulnerability of the body to the development of a number of diseases.

All teenagers develop differently. Among them there are children with phenomenal physical abilities. Although the question of what price they are given for records requires special discussion. After all, many children’s sporting achievements testify not so much to their level of health, but to their perseverance and enthusiasm. This opinion is confirmed by medical data, which indicate that only 1-2% can be called healthy, the rest have diseases and abnormalities at the level of 3-4 or more organs and systems. And since during puberty the body’s sensitivity to the effects of unfavorable environmental factors is increased, physical and emotional stress can make the child even more vulnerable. As a result, a hereditary predisposition to certain diseases will be realized, limiting suitability for various professions, darkening the prospects for future motherhood and fatherhood. Moreover, during adolescence, this disadvantage can manifest itself in separate, dim episodes. But a little later, in the third and fourth decades of life, in its most fruitful period, these diseases will become a noticeable and painful circumstance.

Chapter 2. Experimental study of the problems of modern adolescents

In order to study the problems of adolescents in gymnasium No. 1, we conducted an experimental study in four stages:

Plan of work on the topic of adolescent problems and ways to solve them:

1. Predictive Determination of goals and objectives when working on a topic. September-October 2007 Processing of results,

Familiarization with the offenses of teenagers in the city, obtained during a pilot school. research (questionnaire)

Study of relevant literature.

Conducting a pilot study.

2. Diagnostic Analysis of the results obtained during the pilot November 2007 Conducting research on research. class hours dedicated to

“Sphere of interest” to adolescent problems.

"Unfinished thesis"

“Whose names will the young people write?”

3. Practical Analysis of the results obtained at the diagnostic stage. December 2007-March 2008 Speech at parent

At the prognostic stage, we conducted a questionnaire in 8th grade in order to identify students’ opinions about certain aspects of the life of adolescents and young people in our city, as well as in our gymnasium. 37 students participated in the study, 12 men and 28 women.

Analyzing the students' answers, we obtained the following results.

76% are brought up in a two-parent family, 19% in an incomplete family, and 5% in another family.

16% live in their own house, 84% live in a separate apartment.

Family income is average – 92%.

Relationships with parents: 86% - normal, 11% - conflict, 3% - no relationship.

Relationships with peers: normal – 97%, conflict – 3%.

70% of students have a negative attitude towards bad habits, 30% are indifferent. 64% have consumed alcoholic beverages, 6% want to try them, 30% have not tried them and will never try them.

They consumed (64%) beer – 30%, low-alcohol cocktails – 35%, wine – 35%, vodka – 5%.

Mostly, the children answered that they drank alcohol in the company of friends and on occasion of a holiday.

51% took money from parents, 22% treated friends.

84% did not have sexual contacts, 16% did.

Only 3% are not informed about sexually transmitted diseases.

When answering why young people use drugs, the children responded:

14% - prestigious

62% - to have fun, out of boredom.

68% - to get rid of unpleasant experiences

27% - to relieve tension when communicating with other people.

14% - in order not to stand out among others, to be like everyone else.

100% did not use drugs.

Most often, the use of drugs occurs on the street, in the yard, in an apartment where a company gathers, at a disco, at a concert, in a club.

Most teenagers agree with the statements: “Even a single sample of a drug can cause addiction,” “There are no safe drugs.”

If a teenager found out that a friend was using drugs, 85% would immediately end the relationship with him, 22% would continue the friendship without paying attention, 3% would ask him to give it a try.

Consequences from drug use – death 87%, AIDS – 86%, 2% did not think about it.

Thus, positive aspects predominate in the responses to this questionnaire for the majority of adolescents. Thus, the majority are raised in a complete family, have normal relationships with parents and peers, have a negative attitude towards bad habits, have not had sexual contacts, and do not use drugs.

But there are teenagers who have low family income, have difficulties in relationships with parents and peers, drank alcohol, and had sexual contacts.

In connection with these results, we studied the problems of adolescents in more detail using the example of the eighth gymnasium class with a humanitarian bias. At the diagnostic stage, we carried out the following methods:

Unfinished thesis “Values of Life”

To complete a thesis means to express a very definite judgment and indicate your attitude to the subject.

The best option is when the phrase is printed on a card for each participant, and he adds this phrase to the card:

"The most important in life"

“You can't live life without. »

"Students' Areas of Interest"

This technique is carried out with the aim of a more detailed study of the breadth of areas of interest of students, the expression of their interests in active activities, communication, and entertainment.

Students were asked to rate their areas of interest using a five-point system. 1 point was given when the area is not significant for the student, 2 - when it is significant, 3 - when the area is of great importance for the student.

“Whose names will the young people write?”

Students are asked to answer the question: “Whom do you consider outstanding people of all times and peoples and evaluate positively?” Fill out the table of three columns. Enter 10 names into the first, three names out of the 10 mentioned into the second, and one name out of three into the third.

After analyzing the data obtained, we obtained the following results:

17 girls and 6 boys participated in the study.

Diagnostic results “Sphere of interests of adolescents”:

Boys are interested in: in the first place - communication with friends, sports, physical education and communication with the opposite sex, in second place - communication with the family and study. Boys are not at all interested in painting, drawing, modeling, activities without a special purpose, or making any products with their own hands.

Girls need communication in the family, communication with friends, self-education of personality, study, clothing. Less interesting is making any products with your own hands, or doing nothing.

Results of the “Values of Life” diagnostic:

The most important thing in life: family – 14 people, study and education – 6, health – 3 people.

You cannot live your life without family, relatives and friends - 8, knowledge and education - 5, friends - 5, communication - 3, money - 2.

To have friends you need to be sociable - 7, be an interesting and good person - 5, be able to make friends, not be selfish, prove yourself in a society of 2 people: 100 rubles, be respected, know what to talk to them about, read a lot, have an approach 1 person for each.

When I have free time, I walk – 6, sleep – 6, listen to music – 5, read – 2, spend it with family or with friends – 2, play the computer – 2.

It seems to me that adults: find it difficult to answer - 7, smart people - 3, like children - 2, do not understand children - 2, sometimes consider themselves very wise, hide a lot from children, are kind to me, put pressure on me, sometimes are not fair, they are also people, they can help, they love us, they are afraid for me - all 1 person.

The best hobby is sports - 10 people, music - 4, dancing - 3 people, TV, computer - 2, 4 studies, hard to answer, collecting, assembling plastic models - 1 person each.

In five years. I will study at a university - 15 people, I will get married - 2, I find it difficult to answer - 3, I will go to the army - 1, I will work - 2 people.

I am grateful - to parents - 18 people, to teachers - 3 people, I find it difficult to answer -1, to fate - 1 person.

Most often I want to find it difficult to answer - 5, sleep - 5, be with friends - 2, eat - 2, relax at sea - 2, go to the skating rink - 2, peace on earth -2 (and these are boys), be born again, in guests, stand out from others.

Thus, in most cases, children are grateful to their parents, aim to go to university after school, highlight family and education as the most important thing in their lives, and read little (1 person). The predominant hobbies of this class are sports and dancing with music.

Diagnostic results “Whose names will the young people write?”

A total of 50 names were named. The small scatter of names on the list indicates an average degree of autonomy of each student’s value orientations from the group.

The first ten names record the most common orientations of students in space. The leaders of the survey included historical figures, friends, parents, writers and poets shared the honorable third place, followed by singers, followed by contemporary political figures, including V.V. Putin, followed by scientists. Analysis of the data shows that friendships and then family connections are most typical for students. The interest of the humanitarian class in the work of domestic writers and poets is clearly expressed; they do not forget the figures of the past (26 are related to the past of our country). This testifies to the patriotic sentiments of students and at the same time to their understanding of the historical merits of past figures to their contemporaries. A characteristic feature of the Kass is the absence of any expressed religious needs and values.

Three names capture the direction of students' cultural preferences. Noteworthy is the dropout or noticeable reduction in the list of scientists, historical figures (from 28 to 6), singers (from 14 to 2), which indicates a slight influence of culture on the value orientations of schoolchildren. Family ties predominate: parents, brother/sister, grandfather/grandmother. Along with famous figures, V.V. Putin, A.S. Pushkin (4) and M.Yu. Lermontov, there are such names as A. Zavorotnyuk, M. Krug and Trofim, which indicates an increased interest of students in popular culture and is perceived as a collective norm.

One name: parents, Putin, 1 - grandmother, M. V. Lomonosov, class teacher, M. Yu. Lermontov, M. I. Kutuzov, Mikhail Krug. It is obvious that the remaining figures of history and culture are more likely symbolic than real.

At the general stage, we analyzed all the data obtained and found out what problems students in the eighth humanitarian grade face. After conducting an experimental study, we identified the problems of eighth “A” grade gymnasium No. 1 students:

✓ Adolescents’ indifference to bad habits (30%)

✓ Drank alcohol (64%)

✓ If you found out that a friend was using drugs, you would immediately end your relationship with him/her and would not help you get out of the current situation (85%)

✓ High school load and, therefore, children’s desire to relax and sleep

✓ Absence of any expressed religious needs and values

✓ Loss of interest in children in various types of creative activities (painting, drawing, modeling, making any products with their own hands)

✓ Increased interest of students in popular culture

✓ Communication with friends in all groups of adolescents is much more preferable than communication with parents and teachers. There is a “devaluation” of adults. Teenagers want to build their own relationships, considering themselves adults, wanting more independence. These are not only features of modern reality, but also the rejection of those stereotypes of adults, those life experiences that developed in other times and today do not help, but complicate the solution of problems that arise in the lives of adolescents.

It is no coincidence that adolescence is called a crisis age. Psychologists call the main feature of a teenager a “false sense of adulthood.” On the one hand, we realize that we are growing up and demand expansion of our rights, on the other hand, childhood remains attractive to us primarily because of its minimal responsibility. Parents often do not notice the intensive process of growing up and continue to obsessively care for their grown-up child, which causes quarrels.

Relationships with peers play a huge role in our lives. We expect understanding and sympathy from a friend, as from a psychotherapist and confessor. But if a friend evaluates a situation that is significant to us differently or shows indifference at all, we suffer from loneliness.

But this does not mean that during this period we, teenagers, do not need to communicate with adults! Only we want to see father and mother not as mentors, but as equal partners, not as judges, but as comrades-in-arms.

When a friend comes to you to complain about hardships, you don’t attack her: “It’s all your fault!” you understand that she is not looking for advice, but rather sympathy. So why does an unfortunate teenager, confused in life, sometimes receive nothing but reproaches from his parents?

No one has ever been able to transfer their life experience into someone else's head. We, like air, need the experience of emotionally warm and non-judgmental communication, and the task of parents is to stretch this thread of mutual understanding from distant childhood.

Tips for parents.

Family support

Hug, kiss your child, and praise him often. Don't assume that your child already knows how much you love him. Let your love for your child be expressed in words, tone of voice and looks that surround your love. At least once a week, dedicate an evening to an activity in which all family members can participate. Think and agree on what you would like to do together. If you have two children, give each of them the opportunity to spend some time with you individually. Talk to your children about ways to make your apartment more comfortable and welcoming for them and their friends, and take steps in that direction.

Parents who model social connections.

Every day ask your child: “how are you?” Start with simple questions: “what happened at school?” Make such conversations a habit. Really listen to the child. Let it become obvious to children that you value their opinion, knowledge, and respect their feelings. Let the child do what he is supposed to do on his own. At the same time, he should feel that you can come to the rescue. Some children are very mobile: they need to constantly run, it is difficult for them to sit still. Do not insist that your child completely calm down and sit down before you talk to him. If you decide to talk to your child, make sure there is a suitable place for this. This could be his room. The main thing is that the TV is turned off.

Communication with parents.

Be prepared to talk to your child when he needs it. Regularly ask your child what he thinks, what he believes in, what he is convinced of. Accept that your beliefs and your child's beliefs are not always the same. Never label your child’s beliefs as stupid, childish, nonsense. If you want to object, say better: “Now you believe in it, but over time, when you get older.” From time to time, spend the entire day with your child. Go to the zoo, to the park, to nature. During this day you will talk about everything in the world. Do not think that your child is indifferent to the events happening in the world: hunger, wars, terrorism. Many children have a hard time dealing with the information they watch on TV news. You need to talk to him about what they saw and heard, and reassure them. The fewer taboo topics you have to talk about with your child, the more he will share with you. The only thing you should not talk about with your child is the intimate details of your personal life.

Uniform rules for raising children for both parents.

Agree with your spouse on what behavior you expect from your child. When raising a child, parents should adhere to common views and not contradict each other. Review your requirements for your child from time to time. Are they intelligent? Honest? Do you respect the rights of the child enough? Demand blind obedience only when the child's safety is at stake. If you have any doubts, read the literature on parenting. Talk to your child about your parenting expectations for his behavior and explain why they are important for the child and for the family. Say this in language that the child understands. Let it make everything clear for itself. It often turns out that your requirements for your child and the child’s requirements for his own behavior are more similar than different. Regularly review family rules for teenagers to ensure they are appropriate for their age and maturity level. In other words, the degree of freedom of the child should depend on the degree of his responsibility. When you are not sure what to do, consult with other parents, with a school psychologist or experienced teachers, with church ministers. They can give you useful advice. Agree with your spouse on the punishment that will follow if the child breaks the rules you set. Be prepared to keep your word. Encourage your children to talk with you about the rules and the consequences of not following them. When children are treated respectfully and seriously, they can come up with interesting ideas. View discipline as a way to teach your child rather than as a form of punishment. Remember that good discipline comes from mutual respect and understanding, not authoritarianism. You cannot impose disciplinary demands on a child while showing anger or cruelty. If you feel powerless, irritated, angry, seek help from professionals. If, despite everything, the child continues to violate the rules you have established, stop punishing him and find out what the reasons for this behavior are. It may turn out that the reasons are related to the child’s emotional or psychological problems or to a disease.

Parental control.

Be aware of which family members are going where and when, and what they are doing. This helps to build communication correctly. When you go somewhere, tell your children where you are going and when you will arrive. Leave a phone number where you can be found. This is a good example of responsible behavior that your child will emulate in the future. When your children are home alone, call them and ask how they are doing. When your child is about to go somewhere, ask where he is going, who he is going with, what he is going to do with his boyfriend/girlfriend, and when he will be back. Make answering all these questions a habit for your child. When your child goes to someone's house for a holiday or birthday, make sure there are adults in the house. Take your child on a visit and meet the parents of your child’s friends if you don’t know them. Find out who the parents of your child's friends are. Agree with them that children will not be left unattended in your or their home. Make sure your home is a pleasant place for your child's friends.

Communication with other adults.

Give your child the opportunity to sometimes spend time with other adults: relatives, teachers, neighbors, counselors. They can have a positive impact on the child. Sometimes go on holiday with other families. Then your child will be able to communicate with a familiar married couple and their children. Many schools have psychologists, and teen centers have counselors. Teach your child to seek help from professionals if necessary. When you have guests, let them bring their children. Give your children the opportunity to be present when you have guests. Play lotto and volleyball together. Let children participate in your conversations with other adults who are visiting. Encourage your child to call adults he trusts when he needs advice. If your child has a hobby, such as music, biking, basketball, collecting something, give him the opportunity with someone you know who has the same hobby. Let children participate in joint work with adults.

Parents' participation in school life.

Talk to each of your school teachers at least once a year. Ask your child regularly about what he is learning at school. Offer help with homework. For example, discuss the essay plan, give advice, select literature together. But you don’t need to write an essay for your child. If there is a parent meeting at school, be sure to go. Take part in the work of the parent committee. Help the school. If you don't like something at school, talk to the teachers and administration. If you can't offer anything constructive to improve the situation, seek advice and ideas from other parents.

Positive school climate

Ask your child about problems in school life: “Does he fight? Is he being bullied? The more interested you are in the life of the school, the more you know what is happening there. Familiarize yourself with the school charter and monitor whether the rights of students and the internal rules of the school are violated

Organization of home leisure

Limit your child's free time with friends outside the home while he or she is studying. Discuss the organization of free time and make this decision as a family. If your child works, limit work to 15 hours a week. The teenager should spend at least four evenings a week at home with his family. Be persistent. Allow your child to invite friends home. Then he can be at home, but not alone, but with friends. Plan your time so that you can be at home with your child. Have dinner together, help with homework, or just talk. Spend your free time with your child doing things that are enjoyable for both of you. Play, watch videos, read, ride a bike. Make your home comfortable for all family members. Children should like it. If you often argue or don't talk to each other, contact a psychologist or other professional for advice and help.

Good friends

Let your child's friends come to your home. Get to know them. Let them enjoy coming to you. Ask your child about friends. How do friends learn? What are they interested in? Who are their parents? Try to understand why your child is friends with them. If you don't like your child's friends, then at least don't criticize them. Usually criticism of friends leads to the fact that the child stops telling his parents about them.

Music lessons

Encourage your child to play music. Find an opportunity to send your son or daughter to a music school or club. Let him choose the instrument he wants to play. Go to concerts where your child is performing. Let daily listening to music become the norm in your family life. Music that a child likes should be played from time to time. If you have played a musical instrument yourself, set a good example and play yourself from time to time.

Additional classes

Talk to your child about what interests him. Help him find a club or organization that suits his interests. Become a parent activist in your child's school. Offer any assistance you can to the existing school council in organizing excursions, meetings, concerts, and school evenings.

Realistic self-esteem

Show your feelings and, above all, love to your child regularly. Rejoice in the uniqueness of your child. Look for something special about him, such as a sense of humor, computer skills, or a good voice. If your child makes a mistake or mistake, do not confuse his action with his personality. Never tell a child that he is bad (personality assessment is unacceptable!) Tell him that he did the wrong thing (evaluation of the act is necessary). Treat your child with respect, never interrupt, talk without raising your voice. When a child asks for something and you refuse, explain the refusal.

Optimism

Striving for success

Be an example for your child of someone who is constantly learning. Learn with your children. Visit interesting places. Read your child's books and then discuss them. Look for new books to read together. Reflect together on issues that interest you. Go to the library. Inspire your child to excel in school. But don't expect or demand incredible success from him. Accept the idea that people learn from mistakes. If your child refuses or is reluctant to go to school, try to find out what's wrong. Maybe the educational requirements are too high or, conversely, low? Does the child receive the necessary help and support from the school? Do you feel safe at school? Talk to teachers about your child's school problems. Do your best to correct the situation. As a last resort, transfer your child to another school.

Good performance at school

Ask your class teacher and teachers how your child is studying. Don't wait for journal entries. Never compare him with other children in the class or the children of your friends and relatives. Repeat to your child that you expect him to get good grades, not that he will be a child prodigy. Many children, at some point in time, perform worse than usual. If your child's grades become worse, don't panic. Offer your help and reward him for his success.

Eagerness to learn

Discuss with your child his life plans, values, dreams. The question we usually ask kids: “What do you want to be when you grow up?” should gradually be supplemented with the following question: “How are you going to achieve this? What steps are you going to take for this?” Let the child, while still at school, think about where he would like to continue his education. Getting to know different educational institutions will reduce your anxiety for your child’s future and help him choose one or two areas of knowledge that interest him.

Desire to help people

It is important for a child to see that his parents help others. Let him and you sometimes buy groceries for a lonely elderly person living next door, regularly call your parents, and take the toys and books he grew up with to the orphanage. Create an atmosphere of kindness and care for each other and others in your home.

The ability to empathize with people

Set an example of respectful family relationships. Do not put up with humiliation, insults, or rudeness. Remember, what seems trivial to an adult can be vitally important to a child. Try to see things through the eyes of a child. You will be able to sincerely sympathize with him when he comes to you with his problems. He, too, in turn, will learn to stand in other people's shoes and sympathize with them. Watch films whose characters help and empathize with each other. Talk to your child about what makes people care about others. When you see someone in a difficult situation, talk to your child about it. For example, when you see a homeless person, discuss how it is that he has nowhere to live. When your child acts selfishly or has offended someone, talk to him. Discuss how his behavior affects others.

Decision Making Skills

Do not exclude your child from family discussions that concern him personally. Give him a chance to speak. Listen carefully. When making decisions, consider his feelings and opinions. Teach your child to make decisions, find appropriate information and analyze a problem from all sides; put forward different options for solving it, weigh the pros and cons of each solution option, carefully calculate the possible consequences of a particular decision; choose one of several possible ones and stick to the decision until the end. Remember that the apparent lack of choice (“I had no choice!”) is actually also a choice. Anyone who says this has simply refused to solve the problem. Explain to your child that refusing to make a decision gives the other person an advantage. Then he gets to solve the problem in his own way. Don't be afraid of your child's mistakes. Don't scold him for his poor choice. Don't protect him from the consequences of poor choices.

Ability to make friends

Tell your child why it is important to have true friends. Give examples from your life. Invite your old friends to your house. Do things with your friends and kids so they can get to know each other better. Go on vacation together, etc. If your child has few or no friends, find out how this happened. Does he need help finding friends? Does he know how to start a conversation with a stranger. How to maintain a conversation, showing the interlocutor that he is interested in him? Some children, for one reason or another, cannot find friends among their peers. One child is developed beyond his years, the other is somehow different from most of his peers. Help your child find friends among older children or in a hobby club or public organization. Show your child an example of friendship between people of different cultures, nationalities, and religions. Be tolerant and demand the same from your child. Come up with fun activities for your child and his friends to do together. Watch the video, take a ride in the car.

Planning skills

Discuss plans with the whole family. Build priorities together. Listen to your child's opinion. Give your child the opportunity to plan family events. For example, a daughter can cook dinner, and a son can plan the route for a family trip out of town.

Conclusion

The development of a teenager occurs over a long period of time. And it continues until adolescence. And it doesn’t end at all immediately after the child becomes a teenager. This path of development is always accompanied by a change in age stages, and at the same time a change in personal priorities. Changing the ways of communicating with people who take part in the growing up of a teenager and the formation of his personality. During these contacts, the teenager has to deal with a huge number of different kinds of people, peers and adults.

In a word, both the future teenager, and the one who has just entered adolescence, and the one who will say goodbye to him today or tomorrow, have to adapt to a wide variety of circumstances, to changing conditions of existence.

When a teenager begins to think about himself, to analyze his “I”, which is in the period of formation. He needs stability. But this stability cannot be given either by the school, because significant, necessary changes are constantly taking place there, or by a group of peers. There is no stability in his own interests and thinking - after all, he constantly feels all the changes that occur both inside and outside of him.

Stability, which is certainly necessary in order to truly understand oneself, in order to feel comfortable, can only be provided by a family.

Who, besides parents, except close people, brothers, sisters, can accompany a child all his life?

After all, everything changes - kindergarten is replaced by school, primary school moves to secondary school, secondary school ends, and contacts begin with those with whom the teenager encounters while preparing for higher education, in the army, in the structure of other relationships. And these are all new people. And new tasks, new requirements.

And the family is that unshakable foundation that remains from birth and “for the rest of your life.” But only if the family correctly understands its tasks, correctly understands what it can and should give to the teenager, and correctly organizes the entire system of relationships with him.

Is your sweet baby becoming aggressive, irritable, and sometimes even unbearable? It looks like all the delights of adolescence await you.

Remember that your teenager is a fully formed personality who longs to win his place in the adult world.

Each teenager copes differently with this difficult age for him and everyone around him.

Some people find care and understanding in the family, while others need to look for like-minded people in a completely different world.

And here the teenager will find not only positive examples.

Remember that psychologists call many of the reactions and actions of such teenagers “normal adolescent syndrome.”

Mutiny

Boys and girls discover new possibilities and the ability to think very rationally. They often exhibit a critical mindset. Teenagers have their own views on everything and express quite reasonable judgments.

© Thinkstock Teenagers become opposed to everything that is imposed on them. They do not recognize social norms and foundations. They are not happy with everything: clothes, furniture in the apartment, their school, standards of behavior. They criticize parents and teachers and are ready to defend their opinion to the end.

Parents must endure the spirit of contradiction, treating all such antics calmly and gently defending their position.

Remember that being an independent and self-confident person is not so bad at all.

Instability and disorganization

A former neat and obedient baby begins to throw his things around the room, is late and categorically refuses to brush his teeth? Does his mood change from unconditional happiness to complete depression and despair?

This behavior is typical for adolescence. A teenager experiences everything new in his life very intensely: love, fear, fear of making mistakes, successes and disappointments.

Indecision and lethargy

A teenager has the physical and intellectual abilities of an adult and is ready to realize his ideas about life. At the same time, he is constantly limited, forced to follow imposed rules, responsibilities and ideas about life.

The result is disappointment, which can slow down and block the teenager's behavior. If you do not support your teenager in time, his academic performance may sharply deteriorate, excessive timidity and difficulties in communication may appear.

A very common problem at this age. In addition, the teenager gives himself over to irrepressible fantasies.

Often a teenager is dissatisfied with his appearance, having a complex about his height, weight, glasses and everything that distinguishes him from the ideal depicted in his imagination.

For a teenager, shyness is a painful problem, because of which he suffers greatly. Timidity and shyness are always associated with low self-esteem. All this prevents the teenager from at least normal contact with others.

The role of parents in this case is to prove to the child his value and importance for the whole world and for his family in particular.

Leaving home

The reason for running away may be a bad relationship with parents. A teenager just needs to know that he is loved and appreciated no matter what.

The second reason for leaving home may be the desire to prove one’s independence. After returning to your native land, it is extremely necessary to find out all the motives, explain all the contradictions and problems that have arisen in the family.

Alcohol and drugs

The desire to taste the forbidden fruit in adolescence manifests itself especially clearly. Many people start trying alcohol and soft drugs. All this can lead to drug addiction.

Signs of drug addiction

Sudden drowsiness alternates sharply with mild euphoria and hyperactivity.

Constant mood swings and lack of appetite.

Severely dilated or constricted pupils.

Difficulty speaking.

Trembling and irritation of the skin around the nose.

Constant need for money.

Change of friends and environment.

If a teenager becomes dependent on alcohol and drugs, parents should not panic, but calmly and persistently treat their child.

And the best healer at any age, as you know, is unconditional love for your child.

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