The lost key to the Vatican coat of arms - remmix - livejournal. Flag, coat of arms and seal Coat of arms with the keys to heaven

The Vatican flag is a square panel consisting of two equal vertical stripes - yellow and white. In the center of the white stripe are two crossed keys under the papal miter.

The Vatican coat of arms depicts a pair of crossed keys (from Paradise and Rome) under the papal tiara.

On February 11, 1929, the Lateran Agreements were signed, marking the creation of the Vatican State. They were signed by Prime Minister Benito Mussolini, representing King of Italy Victor Emmanuel I, and Cardinal Pietro Gasparri, Secretary of State of Pope Pius XI. This act meant a legal settlement of mutual claims between Italy and the Holy See, the final solution to the “Roman Question,” which for more than half a century had been a bone of contention between the Italian state and the Roman Catholic Church. The flag of the city-state was also approved, consisting of two stripes - yellow and white. The Vatican coat of arms depicts a pair of crossed keys (from Paradise and Rome) under the papal tiara. The Lateran Agreements still define the legal relations between the state and the Catholic Church in the Apennines, in accordance with Article 7 of the Italian Constitution. The Concordat was supplemented twice in the post-war period.

The Church laid claim to the highest, absolute power in the world from the first days of its existence, and therefore appropriated to itself all the attributes of secular power, including coats of arms. In the 14th century, the crossed gold and silver keys of the Apostle Peter - “permissive” and “knitting”, tied with a gold cord, on a scarlet shield under the papal tiara, became the coat of arms of the papacy. The coat of arms indicates the rights received by Peter to “decide” and “knit” all the affairs of the church and that these rights were inherited from him by his successors - the popes. Today this coat of arms is the official coat of arms of the Vatican. In addition, each pope receives his own coat of arms, in which the shield is framed by keys and a tiara.

The personal coat of arms of the new Pope Benedict XVI is a triangular shield against the background of a silver papal miter and other symbols of the pontiff's power: crossed keys with a pallium, symbolizing his pastoral activity.

The red and gold shield depicts three symbols of Bavaria, the birthplace of Joseph Ratzinger: on the left is the crowned head of a Moor, dating back to 1316, when the Principality-Diocese of Freising was headed by Archbishop Conrad III. The head itself is black, the lips and crown are red. The Moor's head is a common element in European heraldry; it still adorns many coats of arms of Sardinia, Corsica and other regions today. As many as three Moors were, for example, in the coat of arms of Pope Pius VII; it is especially common in Bavarian coats of arms.

On the right on the shield is a brown bear with a saddle. The legendary wild beast tore up the horse of a Bavarian preacher who was heading to Rome in the 8th century, then the saint ordered the bear to carry all his simple luggage to the Eternal City. These heraldic elements were also present in Ratzinger's cardinal coat of arms when he was Archbishop of Munich.

In the lower, most honorable part of the shield, there is a shell that has a triple religious meaning: as a symbol of pilgrimage, an episode from the life of St. Augustine and a repetition of the coat of arms of the ancient Bavarian monastery in the city of Regensburg, with which the current Pope is spiritually closely connected.

The coat of arms does not contain any slogan or aphorism. Vaticanists drew attention to the fact that Benedict XVI was the first pontiff to refuse to use the image of the papal tiara (triple crown) in the coat of arms, which was officially abolished and replaced by a simple miter by Pope Paul VI. A complex associative series of images, usually inherent in aristocratic coats of arms, is also noted. John Paul II, a commoner by origin, had a much more laconic coat of arms; its main element was the large Latin letter “M”, on behalf of the Virgin Mary.

In 1869, Gounod wrote the Papal March, which has become the official anthem of the Vatican since 1949. In 1993, in the presence of Pope John Paul II, the first public performance of the new official anthem of the Vatican took place, with text written in Latin by the Italian priest Raffaello Lavagna. On the 15th anniversary of his pontificate, John Paul II received a gift: the words of the Vatican national anthem. Moreover, this happened exactly 100 years after the death of the author of the music, the French composer Charles Gounod.

The state symbol of the Vatican is a red shield, which depicts two crossed keys (from Paradise and Rome). Above the keys is the papal tiara... Catholic Encyclopedia

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Coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI Each head of the Roman Catholic Church, the Pope, has his own personal coat of arms, which serves as a symbol of his pontificate. The coats of arms of all recent popes have contained an image of the Papal Tiara. Bene... Wikipedia

It is a square panel consisting of two equal vertical stripes of yellow and white. In the center of the white stripe is the Vatican coat of arms (two crossed keys under the papal tiara) ... Catholic Encyclopedia

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The Vatican is what spiritually unites Catholics around the world. A small enclave was located on the territory of Rome.

Legislative, executive and judicial powers are concentrated in the hands of the famous Vatican. The famous Vatican has many rules and traditions. The population of the state is mostly local residents, and 35% are visitors from other countries.

Flag

The Vatican has chosen yellow, gray, red, green, and white as the main colors for its symbolism. The Vatican flag is colored with yellow and snow-white stripes, the country's emblem - crossed keys - is located strictly below the pope's tiara.

The conclusion of the Lateran Treaty on the creation of the state of the Holy See by Pope Pius XI forced the invention of state symbols. The Vatican flag did not take long to be chosen; on June 7, 1929 it was officially approved. The symbolism means the main keys to the gates of Heaven (Rome). The tiara above these signs indicates the unshakable papal authority. And the three crowns are symbols of the Holy Trinity.

Coat of arms

Thus, in the third decade of the twentieth century, the coat of arms of the Vatican was approved. The shape of the heraldic symbol is with sharp corners depicting the attributes of the Catholic Church and the papal throne. In some cases, a small coat of arms is marked on the banner of the state and institutions.

When the throne passes to the successor of the pope, the monogram is divided: the tiara accompanies the funeral procession with the remains of the deceased pope, and the keys, as a symbol of permanent church government, go to the symbolism of the assistant cardinal. The key opens the gates of Rome and leads to heaven.

The pope's followers abandoned the tiara; it became a memorable symbol of the state. At the beginning of the 12th century, a crown was added to show the sovereign position of the papal monastery. The next crown was added two hundred years later. And several decades later, the collection was enriched with another crown.

All three royal attire indicate the advantage of the pope over other scepter-bearers as a priest, teacher of his flock and steward. The Vatican coat of arms is revered and respected throughout the Catholic world. This symbol has a special meaning, therefore it is prohibited to use any signs of state symbols for advertising and other purposes. Desecration and abuse of the cloth will result in serious punishment.

Population of the country

The Vatican is considered a small state. The population is about 1000 people. More than half of them were citizens of the state, the rest were visitors from other localities and countries. Basically, these are diplomats and service personnel.

The Lateran Agreement regulates the normative rules for the acquisition of civil rights, lost citizenship and documents allowing residence in this country. Vatican citizenship can be obtained by those people who are associated with the civil service and hold responsible positions. When the contract is closed, not only the position is lost, but also the inherent citizenship; it is possible to retain the right of an Italian citizen. The Vatican has its own rules and regulations. The population here is replenished infrequently.

The spouse, as well as their children, are treated as citizens of the country and receive a document allowing them to stay in the Vatican. When spouses divorce, this civil right is lost. When children reach the age of 25, when they become able to work, or when a daughter gets married, the issue of loss of citizenship is decided. You can't just get into the Vatican. The population is strictly counted, and the family relationships of state wards are monitored even more closely.

Passport regime

A diplomatic and service passport of the Holy See of the Vatican can be issued to a person working abroad. But this does not give the right to free entry into the great Vatican, to remain in it or to have citizenship.

Formally, the country does not have a strict passport regime. You can only get to the city through Italian lands. Immigration rules also apply in this area. Any citizen of the Vatican can obtain a document proving his identity. If it is available, entry at the border takes place without any delays. Only the current governor, cardinal, as well as their associates, who are listed by name in the corresponding document, are exempt from certificates.

At the moment, more than 600 citizens and 350 people who have not received this right live in the enclave. Many of them are people with primary Italian backgrounds.

State currency

The Vatican is a state within a state. It has its own banknotes. The lira is equal to 100 centesimo.

• banknotes in denominations of 10, 20, 30, 50, 100;
• denomination of coins - 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50.

The euro has a special status in the country. Vatican coins are prized by collectors, especially those dating from the past and earlier centuries. At special auctions, these items sell for thousands of dollars.

Historical information

Initially, metal cash appeared in the 1st century. To this day, it preserves the appearance of the minted epigraph: “Rome is the capital of the world.” Later, Cardinal Curius brought money for circulation. The history of the Vatican is fascinating, so many people dream of coming here to get to the sacred archives.

Coins were used to calculate the payment of earnings, and they were placed in unusual boxes. 200 years later, Pope Eugene IV introduced Venetian coinage into circulation. Another four hundred years later the lyre appeared. Gradually the monetary scheme began to change.

The money was well equipped with protection against fraudsters. The colors of the coins were also exquisite and had distinctive features. In 2001, the pope signed a decree introducing a new monetary currency - the euro - into the enclave.

State within a state

The great city became independent from Italy in the 1930s. It was located on the right bank of the Tiber, in the west of Rome. This is the smallest state on the planet. Its area is only 0.44 square meters. m.

Today the population is 1000 people. The city is located on a hill and is surrounded by walls built during the Middle Ages. The most beautiful palaces adorn the gardens. Museums and art galleries fill the state. Many tourists are attracted by the diverse and exciting Italy. The Vatican is the main place that people strive to visit. To see the most interesting places, it is worth booking a tour.

Main attraction

The Catholic in the Vatican attracts tourists from all over the world. This is a unique architectural monument.

The construction of the cathedral took a long time and is associated with the names of more than five famous artists and architects. Construction began in the 4th century AD, but the cathedral acquired its final appearance only in the 17th century, after the construction of a large square in front of its entrance for a meeting of citizens, which was designed by the famous architect Bernini. It received its name in honor of the martyr Peter, at the burial site of whose remains it began to be built. Now the cathedral is known for its original design and decoration and is located on the territory of the Vatican. The facade of the cathedral is very beautiful; it is decorated with large sculptures of the holy apostles, Jesus Christ himself, as well as John the Baptist. Inside the cathedral is the famous Pieta by Michelangelo.

The interior decoration amazes with its harmony and grandeur. The viewer is amazed by the many statues, tombstones and altars. There is a statue of St. Peter here, which believers come from all over the world to touch. Each tombstone is the creation of the great masters of the past and is executed with great skill and grace.

The dome crowning the cathedral is visible from afar and is the largest in the world. The inside is painted with frescoes by Renaissance masters. Everything in the cathedral speaks of the skill of the builders and artists. This majestic building is worth seeing for everyone who finds themselves in Italy.

The pontifical flag of the State of Vatican City consists of an equilateral panel divided into two equal vertical parts - yellow (at the pole) and white, in the center of which two crossed keys (gold and silver) are depicted, connected with a red cord and crowned with a tiara. The shaft ends in a point decorated with ribbons of the same colors as the flag and trimmed with gold thread.

In the past, the flag of the Papal State consisted of yellow and red (more precisely, amaranth-red) fields - the two traditional colors of the Eternal City. These colors appeared in the cockades of the pontifical troops at the beginning of the 9th century. When Rome was occupied by the Napoleonic army in 1808, its commander, General Sextus de Miolli, ordered the inclusion of the papal armed forces into the imperial ones. Partly to emphasize the connection, partly to create confusion and confusion, Miolli not only allowed the continued use of yellow-red cockades to the annexed papal units, but also extended their use to all military, including the Transalpine, in place of the previous white-red-blue tricolor. Pius VII, who in principle resisted Napoleon's plans to subjugate the Church State, on March 13, 1808, ordered his Noble Guard and other Pontifical armed forces who remained loyal to him to adopt a new cockade consisting of yellow and white colors (corresponding to the gold and silver keys of the coat of arms of the Holy See) , to distinguish them from the rest of the units included in the French army. The execution of the Pontiff's order entailed new repressions on the part of the French authorities, many members of the Noble Guard were arrested, and General Miolli ordered the use of the new insignia introduced by the Pope also to the papal soldiers who went over to his side.

This confusion stopped only on March 27 after the order of the emperor, who ordered the use of tricolor, Italian or French, cockades in his troops. When Pius VII returned from French captivity in 1814, he, remembering this episode, ordered that all his soldiers wear yellow and white cockades on their headdresses. Subsequently, these colors also passed on to the flags of the Pontifical Navy. First flown by the merchant marine, the oldest yellow and white pontifical flag dates back to 1824. In 1831, these colors were also adopted in the flag of the Pontifical Civil Guard, but at that time these colors were still located diagonally. The two vertical fields were introduced by Pius IX after his return from exile in Gaeta. He also ordered the papal coat of arms to be placed on the flag instead of the tricolor ribbon (green-white-red) added to the flag on March 18, 1848, during the triumphant spread of the Italian tricolor. The pontifical flag took its modern form only after the conclusion of the Lateran Agreements between the Holy See and Italy on February 11, 1929, as a result of which it began to be considered as the flag of a foreign state and, as such, is subject to the same protection by law as other flags (Art. 299 Italian Penal Code).

The description of the flag was given in the Vatican Basic Law of 1929 and repeated in the Basic Law of 2000, and its image is given in Appendix A to these Laws. In the appendix, the flag is depicted as square, but the textual norm does not stipulate that such an aspect ratio is mandatory. In practice, in official situations, an equilateral flag is used predominantly, but in other cases, including in the Vatican itself, flags with a different aspect ratio, for example, 2:3, or triangular (on the Holy Father's car) may be used.

Apart from the Vatican, currently only Switzerland has a square national flag, while the rest of the modern states have a rectangular flag with different aspect ratios (with the exception of Nepal, whose flag is two right triangles located one above the other).

According to heraldic rules, yellow and white represent silver and gold, and should not be found together. The Vatican flag is thus an exception, since here these colors also represent the keys of St. Petra.

The naval flag of the Church State, approved in 1803 and officially adopted on June 7, 1815. In mid. XIX century often used in a simplified form

Vatican coat of arms

The coat of arms of the Vatican - on a red shield are keys, one gold and one silver, crossed in the shape of a St. Andrew's cross, with the beards facing upward and outward. The keys are connected by a cord, usually red or blue, the two ends of which extend from the handles. The keys are topped with a tiara.

The crossed keys crowned with a tiara are also the coat of arms of the Holy See and a background element for the personal coat of arms of the Pope (Benedict XVI for the first time refused to use the tiara in his own coat of arms, replacing it with the bishop's miter). The symbolism of the coat of arms is based on the Gospel and is represented by the keys given to the Apostle Peter by Christ.

There is an opinion that the relative position of the gold and silver keys distinguishes the coat of arms of the Vatican from the coat of arms of the Holy See. However, there is no documentary evidence of this; historically there are different positions, and initially both keys were silver. On the official website of the Holy See, the coats of arms of the Vatican and the Holy See have the gold key (its handle) located on the right heraldic side, and the silver one on the left (the sides in heraldry are defined in terms of who is standing behind the coat of arms and holding it; thus, for the viewer facing the shield, the right heraldic side is on the left, the left heraldic side is on the right).

However, in the personal coats of arms of the Popes, indeed, the silver key is consistently depicted on the right heraldic side, and the golden one on the left.

Since the 14th century, two crossed keys have been the official sign of the Holy See. Gold symbolizes power in the Kingdom of Heaven, silver indicates the spiritual authority of the papacy on earth. The beards are directed upward, towards the sky, and the handles are directed downwards, in other words - into the hands of the Vicar of Christ. The cord that connects both handles symbolizes the unity of these two powers.

Seal of the Vatican City State

The Vatican seal is round; a central field with crossed keys surmounted by a tiara, divided by four concentric circles, two by two, the outer of which is made of pearl-shaped elements. Includes the inscription: STATO DELLA CITTÀ DEL VATICANO, the beginning and end of which are at the bottom and are separated by an eight-pointed star.

Original taken from ihterec in THE LOST KEY TO THE VATICAN COAT OF ARMS

Original taken from m_musy23 in THE LOST KEY TO THE VATICAN COAT OF ARMS

Have you noticed that the Vatican coat of arms depicts two crossed keys (of Heaven and Rome)?
There are apocryphal legends that say that both keys to Paradise: one opens the way to bliss for men, the other for women. Above the keys is the papal tiara.

Once upon a time, the Vatican coat of arms depicted three, not two keys....

According to the magician, initially the symbolism of the keys was different. Initially, the coat of arms of the smallest state in the world depicted three keys - white, black and gold, which symbolized the legislative, executive and secular branches of government. According to the official version, the third key disappeared from the coat of arms when the Vatican lost its secular branch of government.
However, as the magician explained, there is an alternative interpretation of the meaning of the three keys. “The white, black and gold keys are actually Yin, Yang and Tao - heaven, earth and the underworld. Each key opens some sphere of reality,” he said.
To be honest, I don’t even know what to believe here: in magic (he’s a magician, right? =)), in the historical awareness of magicians, or in the fact that all ideas have the right to exist =))
Another article attracted me more: http://geraldic.taba.ru/Obnovleniya/Karta_sayta/Novaya_stranica/577723_Vatikan.html

“Often the keys were understood literally: as unlocking and locking the gates of heaven. In fact, the keys "allegorically signified the absolute authority of Christ, transferred to Peter." The keys are turned upward as a sign that the power of the pope on earth reaches even to heaven; in this case, the golden key was attributed to the heavenly church, and the silver key to the earthly one. The cross formed by the keys was supposed to be reminiscent of the crucifixion of Christ.

The cord connecting the keys serves as a symbol of the unity of the church.

The tiara is a triple crown, a distinctive tall egg-shaped white headdress surmounted by a small cross and three crowns and having two flowing ribbons at the back, worn by popes from the early 14th century to 1965. Pope Paul VI discontinued ceremonial use of the tiara, but he and his immediate successors, John Paul I and John Paul II, retained its image in their coats of arms.

Until 1809, red was considered the traditional color of the Holy See. After this, the new Vatican colors were gold and silver, chosen by Pope Pius VII, and featured on the Vatican flag.

The keys under the tiara outside the shield serve as a kind of “minor coat of arms” of the Vatican. It is represented on the flag of this city-state; it is also used by its highest institutions, diplomatic representatives and papal institutions. "