Presentation on the theme of the exhibition in the chemical industry. Presentation on the topic "chemical industry"

“Political Geography” - Lecture 6. Geopolitics as a worldview and occupation. Within the framework of political science, it can and should. 1. Discovery of geopolitics in Russia. All politics are directed. Criticizing the myths of geopolitics. 3. Geopolitics and political science. Geopolitics as ideology? However, geopolitics soon began to be understood precisely as an ideology.

“Modern World” - Causes of global problems. Economy Market Traditional? ? An immediate solution is needed. Overcoming backwardness. Threat of thermonuclear catastrophe. Ecological crisis. What are the demographic problems in third world countries? They threaten the death of all humanity. Collapse is a sharp decline in population.

“Branches of the Economy” - Non-ferrous metallurgy is approximately 20 times inferior to ferrous metallurgy in terms of production volume. Four engineering regions. The second region is foreign Europe. General characteristics. The second region is Foreign Europe. Grain crops are the basis of world agriculture. Old industries either stabilized in their development or were in decline.

“Geography of the world economy” - We study the world economy. General geography of the world economy. Basic models of the world economy: Binary model of the world economy. Economically developed countries of the North. World economy as a geographical category. Periphery: about 100 countries. World trade of the XVI-XVII centuries. World market of the XVII-XVIII centuries.

“Regions of the country” - Contradiction between the “north-south” scheme and the concentric “center-periphery” scheme. The objectivist approach is the identification of regions by specialization and interconnections. The image for a specialist is the quintessence of the most typical characteristics of the area. Anamorphic geopolitical space. Images of the world and geopolitics D. Zamyatin.

“Geography Global Problems” - Lesson type: lecture Technology: IT. Lecture outline What global geography studies. Topic: “Introduction” lesson No. 1. Form of work: lecture, frontal (1 hour). Object - the whole Earth (processes, phenomena, patterns, problems). Globalistics Global geography is a science academic discipline (researches) (teaches). Know: mastery of a system of knowledge about global problems of our time: naturally - scientific and social.

Location of the chemical complexThe chemical complex is one of the basic industries
heavy industry in Russia and includes chemical and
petrochemical industry, divided into
many industries and industries, as well as microbiological
industry. It is worth noting that it provides
production of acids, alkalis, mineral fertilizers,
various polymeric materials, dyes, household
chemistry, varnishes and paints, rubber-asbestos, photochemical and
chemical and pharmaceutical products.

Chemical complex location

Chemical and petrochemical
industry has characteristic features,
the combination of which makes the data
industries unique in breadth
economic use of them
products.

Features of the Chemical Complex

The current location of the chemical complex has a number of
Features:
high concentration of enterprises in the European part
Russia;
concentration of chemical industry centers in
areas deficient in water and energy resources,
but concentrating the bulk of the population and
production potential;
territorial discrepancy between production areas and
consumption of chemical industry products;
raw material base of the industry, which is differentiated into
depending on natural and economic specifics
certain regions of the country.

The raw material factor has a huge impact
impact on the location of all industries
chemical complex, and for the mining and chemical industry and production
potassium fertilizers will be decisive. IN
cost of finished products share of raw materials
for individual industries ranges from 40
up to 90%, which is due to or high
consumption rates, or its value.

Factors in the development and location of the chemical complex

The energy factor is especially important for
industry of polymer materials and individual
branches of basic chemistry. Chemical complex
consumes about 1/5 of the energy resources used in
industry. Increased electrical capacity
the production of synthetic rubber is different,
phosphorus by electric sublimation and nitrogen fertilizers
method of water electrolysis, and at significant costs
fuel is different from the soda industry.
Infrastructure factor, suggesting
preparation and arrangement of the territory for
industrial definition, is especially important when
location of industrial enterprises, mainly
way in areas of new definition.

Factors in the development and location of the chemical complex.

The water factor plays a special role when locating chemical enterprises
complex, since water is used both for auxiliary purposes and as a raw material.
Water consumption in the chemical industry varies from 50 m3 during production
chlorine up to 6000 m3 in the production of chemical fibers.
The consumer factor is taken into account when placing, first of all, the main industries
chemistry - production of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, sulfuric acid, as well as
highly specialized enterprises producing varnishes, paints, pharmaceuticals
goods.
The labor factor influences the location of labor-intensive branches of the chemical complex,
which includes the production of chemical fibers and plastics.
Until recently, the environmental factor was not sufficiently taken into account when
location of chemical complex enterprises. At the same time, it is this industry that will
one of the main environmental polluters among industries
industry (almost 30% of the volume of contaminated industrial wastewater).
Therefore, the main and determining factor for the further development and placement of the industry
there will be a transformation of traditional technologies into low-waste and
resource-saving, creation of closed technological cycles with complete
the use of raw materials and non-generating waste beyond their scope.

Composition of the chemical complex

Within the chemical complex we can distinguish the mining and chemical industry,
related to the extraction of primary chemical raw materials, basic chemistry,
ensuring the production of mineral fertilizers, sulfuric acid and soda, and
polymer materials industry (including organic synthesis).
The mining and chemical industry ranks third in terms of output volume
place and includes the extraction of apatites, phosphorites, potassium and table salt,
native sulfur, boron, chalk, etc. Reserves of chemical raw materials in Russia, which are
raw materials for the production of mineral fertilizers, significant - in terms of resources
potassium salts and phosphate raw materials (apatite and phosphorite), the country ranks first
place in the world.
It is worth noting that the main reserves of chemical raw materials are concentrated in European
parts of the country. There are no large and profitable fields in the Eastern zone yet.
revealed.
The structure of phosphate raw material reserves is dominated by apatite ores, where the main role
The Khibiny group plays in the Murmansk region. Almost 90% of proven reserves
The country's potassium salts are concentrated in the Verkhnekamskoye deposit in the Perm region
region, where the extraction of raw materials is entirely carried out in Russia. Table salts
represented in the Volga region, the Urals, Western and Eastern Siberia, Far
East, deposits of sulfur and sulfur pyrites are in the Urals.

Several groups of industries can be distinguished in the structure of the chemical complex

Mining chemistry - extraction of mining chemical raw materials (apatites,
phosphorites, salts, etc.).
Basic Chemistry (Inorganic) - Industry
mineral fertilizers (including the production of nitrogen,
phosphate, potassium and complex fertilizers), sulfuric acid
industry, soda industry (production
soda ash and caustic soda), etc.
Organic synthesis chemistry includes industry
chemical fibers and threads, synthetic industry
resins and plastics, plastic products industry,
synthetic dye industry, paint and varnish industry
industry, production of synthetic rubber and
rubber products, tire industry.

Map of the Chemical Industry of the Russian Federation
Taking into account the resource provision of individual territories and the capabilities of the processing industry
The following economic regions of Russia are distinguished by large complexes of the chemical industry: Center, where
polymer chemistry predominates
(production of synthetic rubber, plastics, chemical fibers), the production of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, sulfuric acid
acids, dyes and varnishes;
The Urals, where all types of mineral fertilizers, soda, sulfuric acid, and synthetic alcohol are produced,
synthetic rubber, plastics from oil and associated gases;
North-West supplies phosphate fertilizers to the all-Russian market,
sulfuric acid, polymer chemical products (synthetic resins, plastics, chemical fibers);
The Volga region provides the production of a variety of polymer products based on organic synthesis
(synthetic rubber, chemical fibers);
The North Caucasus is developing the production of nitrogen fertilizers, organic synthesis, synthetic resins and plastics;
Siberia (Western and Eastern) is characterized by the development of the chemistry of organic synthesis and polymer chemistry,
production of nitrogen fertilizers.

Conclusion:

The chemical industry is one of the most
major sources of environmental pollution.
Emissions from chemical production into the atmosphere include
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, etc. More
half of all gross emissions come from chemicals
enterprises located in Sterlitamak,
Novomoskovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Nizhnekamsk, Volgograd,
Solikamsk, Dzerzhinsk, Volzhsky, Usolye-Sibirsky,
Kemerovo, Gubakha, Novokuibyshevsk.
In recent years, the role of environmental factors in
location of chemical production, which is manifested in
limiting their development in densely populated regions of the country.
Location of new chemical production facilities, especially based on
hydrocarbon feedstock, it is preferable to carry out in
eastern regions, where the main raw materials are concentrated,
fuel and water resources of the country.

Bibliography:

Author unknown, Chemical News
industry (last update - 2013)
Knunyants, I. L. Chemistry. Great encyclopedic
Dictionary/Ch. ed. I. L. Knunyants. - 2nd ed. - TSB,
2014 ISBN 5-85270-253-6 (BRE)
Kulibrinsky, K.A. Statistical data
Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation from 2013-2016

The chemical industry plays a very important role in the development of the entire national economy, since it allows expanding the raw material base of industry and construction, providing them with materials with predetermined properties and thereby saving traditional types of raw materials (metal, wood, agricultural products, cotton, flax, grain). In addition, with the help of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, it increases the efficiency of agriculture. Being one of the strongest polluters of the environment, the chemical industry at the same time creates technologies that can use or neutralize industrial waste.

The chemical industry includes the extraction of mining chemical raw materials (apatites and phosphorites, table and potassium salts, sulfur and a number of other products), basic chemistry and the chemistry of organic synthesis. Basic chemistry includes the production of mineral fertilizers, chlorine, soda, sulfuric acid and other products.

In the total production of mineral fertilizers (in 1990, about 16 million tons in terms of 100% nutrient content), more than 40% are nitrogen, 1/3 phosphorus and 1/4 potassium. The easiest way is to locate the production of potash fertilizers: all potassium salts are mined at the world's largest Solikamsk deposit (in the north of the Perm region), and the fertilizers themselves are produced in the cities of Solikamsk and Berezniki.

Most of the phosphate fertilizers are produced from apatite concentrate mined in the Khibiny Mountains. The phosphorus content in it is higher than in the fertilizers themselves (but it is in a form that is not digestible by plants), so the production of superphosphate (obtained by the interaction of apatite with sulfuric acid) is dispersed throughout the country, approaching the places of consumption. Another large deposit of phosphate raw materials is Yegoryevsk in the Moscow region, where phosphate rock is produced in the city of Voskresensk. Even smaller Verkhne-Kama in the Kirov region.

Nitrogen fertilizers are produced either using coke (Kemerovo, Angarsk near Irkutsk, Berezniki, Dzerzhinsk near Nizhny Novgorod) or coke oven gas. And then this production is combined with ferrous metallurgy (Magnitogorsk, Nizhny Tagil, Lipetsk, Cherepovets). Or it is produced on the basis of natural gas, and then it is tied to gas pipeline routes (Novomoskovsk and Shchekino in the Tula region, Dorogobuzh in the Smolensk region, Togliatti, Novgorod, Nevinnomysk).

The highest concentration of fertilizer production is in the Perm region (where all potash fertilizers are produced, as well as some nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers), accounting for more than 1/4 of Russia's fertilizer production. More than 1 million tons of fertilizers (in terms of 100% nutrients) were produced by plants in Cherepovets, Novomoskovsk, Tolyatti and Nevinnomyssk (nitrogen) in Voskresensk (phosphorus); more than half a million in Kemerovo, Salavat, (in Bashkiria), Novgorod (nitrogen), Balakhsovo in the Saratov region, Kingisepp (Yamburg) in the Leningrad region, the village of Rudnichny in the Kirov region (phosphorus).

The chemistry of organic synthesis includes the production of synthetic rubber, plastics, synthetic resins, and chemical fibers. Initially, the main base of these industries was agricultural and wood raw materials and coal; Now they rely mainly on oil and gas feedstock.

The production of synthetic rubber was organized for the first time in the world in the USSR in the 1930s (before that, the whole world used only natural rubber from Hevea juice) and was tied to raw materials (alcohol obtained from potatoes) and to the consumer (automotive industry), so it was located in Yaroslavl, Voronezh, Efremov, Tula region and Kazan (now all these plants operate on oil and gas feedstock). Later, this production arose in the Volga region and the Urals, and on the basis of wood raw materials in Krasnoyarsk.

The production of car tires at tire factories is tied to the production of synthetic rubber. Of the 4,850 million tires at the end of the 1980s, 12 million were produced at the Nizhnekamsk plant in Tatarstan, 7 million in Yaroslavl, 5 million each in Voronezh and Omsk. In Omsk and Yaroslavl, complexes of interconnected industries have developed: oil refining, synthetic rubber, tire production.

The production of plastics and synthetic resins, which is much less developed in Russia than in Western Europe and the USA, is mainly tied to areas of oil and gas processing (Volga region, Western Siberia), but is also developed in consumption areas (Center, North-West). Total production in Russia at the end of the 1980s was 3.0-3.4 million tons; the largest centers are Angarsk (about 400 thousand tons), Nizhnekamsk (more than 300 thousand tons), Tomsk and Kemerovo (250 thousand tons each), Salavat and Nevinnomyssk (more than 200 thousand tons each), Novomoskovsk and Orekhovo-Zuevo Moscow region (more than 150 thousand tons each). As a rule, plastics and synthetic resins are produced in production facilities that are part of petrochemical plants or nitrogen fertilizer plants.

Chemical fibers can be artificial (from natural polymers, mainly cellulose) and synthetic, the raw materials for which are synthetic resins (obtained from oil and gas or coal raw materials). This production is characterized by particularly high water and energy intensity (for example, to produce 1 ton of fibers, 6,000 m3 of water and 1,619 tons of fuel equivalent are required). The main production centers gravitate either to areas of the textile industry (in the Central regions 1/3 of the 700 thousand tons of Russian production) or to areas of developed petrochemical industry (1/3 in the Volga region).

The names of these industries reflect 3 stages of production: wood harvesting, mechanical processing and chemical processing. Russia has the largest timber reserves, more than 1/5 of the world's reserves, with mature wood (suitable for felling) accounting for 50% of all Russian reserves.

The forest fund of Russia includes 3 groups of forests. In forests of the 1st group (water and field protection, protected, recreational, green zones around cities), selective logging can be carried out only to improve the condition of the forests; these are unitary logging and thinning. In forests of the 2nd group, felling can only accommodate the volume of annual growth. Finally, in forests of the 3rd group (exploitation) clear cuttings can be carried out.

The total volume of timber harvested in Russia in the 1980s was millions of cubic meters per year. The largest volumes of procurement are in the East Siberian and Northern regions, each of which provided about 1/5 of Russian production. The maximum was in the Irkutsk region (3540 million m3), followed by the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Arkhangelsk Region and the Komi Republic (25 million m3 each), more than 15 million cubic meters were harvested by the Vologda, Perm, Sverdlovsk and Tyumen regions, more than 10 million by Karelia, Kirov region to Khabarovsk Territory.

Mechanical wood processing (sawmilling, production of prefabricated wooden houses, furniture, plywood, fiberboard and particle boards) is located either in logging areas (sawmilling), especially at the intersection of floating rivers and railways, or at river mouths in Arkhangelsk, Igarka, and and in areas of consumption (most other industries because, for example: transporting furniture or prefabricated houses is much more difficult than lumber).

The water-intensive pulp and paper industry first developed in the European North. The northern region produced more than 40% of all pulp in the late 1980s. The Arkhangelsk region especially stands out, where 3 huge pulp and paper mills (PPMs) 2 in Arkhangelsk itself and 1 near Kotlas produced more than 2 million tons of cellulose (out of 8 million tons in Russia in the 1980s). In 2nd place is the Irkutsk region (1.5 million tons, with plants in Bratsk and Ust-Ilimsk), in 3rd place is Karelia (800 thousand tons, with plants in Segezha and Kondopoga). Paper production (5 million tons) is concentrated in almost the same areas, but here Karelia takes 1st place (1/4 of total production), and the Perm region ranks 2nd (about 1/5).

Problems of the Russian forestry complex. The most pressing problem of the forestry complex is the incomplete use of wood. A lot of waste remains at cutting sites, along timber transportation routes (especially if it is rafting on rivers) and during sawmilling. Unlike raft rafting, mole rafting is carried out as follows. In winter, the timber is stored on the river bank. In the spring, during high water, he bulldozes into the river, and the logs “float in bulk with the flow, many of them drown, others get stuck in the coastal bushes. Drowned wood decomposes and poisons the river. The “reserves” of wood at the bottom of rafting rivers are such that companies have already appeared offering to clean up the rivers free of charge in exchange for sunken wood caught from there.

The chemical and petrochemical industry is a progressive, rapidly developing industry. Together they make up the chemical complex of Russia. The chemical complex includes two enlarged types of economic activity: chemical production and the production of rubber and plastic products.

Mineral raw materials (sulfur, phosphorites, salts); mineral fuel (oil, gas, coal); vegetable raw materials (timber industry waste); water and air; industrial waste from metallurgy and oil refining enterprises (coke oven and sulfur dioxide gases); agricultural waste.

Transform an unlimited range of raw materials into valuable industrial products; bring into circulation new types of raw materials as technological progress progresses (natural gases for the production of ammonia; associated petroleum gases for the production of synthetic rubber); replace expensive raw materials (food products) with cheap ones (wood or mineral); use raw materials comprehensively (from oil to obtain fuel oil and motor fuel); dispose of industrial waste (sulfur dioxide gases - production of sulfuric acid, coke oven gases - production of ammonia); produce the same products from different types of raw materials (synthetic rubber from wood, coal and gas).

Mining and chemical (extraction of mineral raw materials: apatite, phosphorite, sulfur). Basic chemistry (production of acids, alkalis, salts, mineral fertilizers). Chemistry of organic synthesis (production of hydrocarbon raw materials and semi-finished products for the production of polymer materials). Polymer chemistry (production of resins, plastics, synthetic rubber and chemical fibers). Microbiological industry. Chemical and pharmaceutical industry.

The main chemistry is the production of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, sulfuric acid, and soda. Russia occupies one of the first places in the world in terms of reserves of potassium salts. Ammonia is the basis for the production of nitrogen fertilizers. Nitrate and urea are produced from ammonia. All ammonia is produced from natural gas (cheap raw materials), therefore enterprises for the production of nitrogen fertilizers are located in areas where gas resources are distributed (North Caucasus) and along the routes of main gas pipelines (Center, Volga region, North-West). Enterprises operating on coke are located either in coal basins (Berezniki, Kemerovo) or at a distance from them (Dzerzhinsk, Moscow), since coke can be transported over considerable distances. If coke oven gas serves as the raw material, then nitrogen production gravitates towards coal coking centers or is combined with ferrous metallurgy, where hydrogen is produced as a waste of coke oven gases (Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Nizhny Tagil).

Soda is the technical name for sodium carbonates. Bicarbonate - baking soda. Normal carbonate is calcined sulfur. Caustic soda is sodium hydroxide. The main raw materials are table salt and lime. There are reserves of natural soda in the Altai Territory - the Mikhailovskoye deposit. Caustic soda is used in the soap, glass, pulp and paper, and textile industries. In medicine and the food industry - drinking soda. Centers: - Berezniki, Usolye-Sibirskoye (Irkutsk region).

This is the main branch of petrochemicals (resins, plastics, synthetic rubber, chemical fibers). Production of plastics - from synthetic resins, from coal, associated petroleum gases, hydrocarbons from oil refining, partly from wood raw materials. This industry arose in the early 20s in the Central region: Moscow, Vladimir, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Novomoskovsk (Tula region) and gradually spread to other areas, areas provided with raw materials: St. Petersburg, Dzerzhinsk, Kazan, Tyumen, Yekaterinburg , Ufa, etc.

The microbiological industry is a new industry that acquired independent significance in the 60s. Currently, its role in the country's industrial production has increased significantly due to the need to intensify agriculture. Microbiological industry is a branch of industry in which production processes are based on the microbiological synthesis of valuable products from various types of non-food raw materials (oil and gas hydrocarbons, wood hydrolysates), as well as waste from industrial processing of sugar beets, corn, oilseeds and cereals, etc. The microbiological industry is used to produce biologically complete feed. (Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, St. Petersburg, Ufa, etc.).

The North European base is the most underdeveloped (only 2% of the industry's output) due to the region's raw material orientation. Only the mining and chemical industry of apatite extraction (Apatity), petrochemicals (Ukhta) and the production of nitrogen fertilizers (Cherepovets) were developed. The central base is a scarce resource. Chemical fibers are produced here (Ryazan, Tver, St. Petersburg), rubber and tires (Yaroslavl), plastics (St. Petersburg, Nizhny Tagil and Dzerzhinsk), various fertilizers (Novomoskovsk, Voskresensk, Lipetsk, Dzerzhinsk), paints and varnishes and synthetic dyes (St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl, Moscow). The Volga-Ural base is the most balanced in terms of the variety and proportions of raw material reserves, the combination and capacity of the industries that have arisen on their basis. There are huge reserves of potash (Solekamsk, Berezniki), table salts (Baskunchak Island, Elton), and sulfur (Orenburg). The Siberian base is among the most promising. In terms of reserves and diversity of resources, it surpasses even the Ural base: oil and gas, Glauber's salts, table salts (Usolye-Sibirskoye, Burla). Petrochemistry is developing especially intensively (Tobolsk and Tomsk complexes, Omsk, Angarsk). Coal chemical production was formed earlier (Kemerovo - plastics, synthetic resins, chemical fibers).

The chemical complex is a strategic component of Russian industry and has enormous general economic and defense significance for the development of the country's economy. The following enterprises have a significant impact on the functioning of the chemical complex: (Gazprom, Sibur Holding, Lukoil-Neftekhim, Tatneft, Phosagro, Eurochem, Acron, Amtel, etc.), which produce a significant part of the gross domestic product.

The main reasons and factors for the emergence of this systemic problem include: structural transformations of the world and Russian markets; technological backwardness and high wear and tear of fixed assets, maximum capacity utilization of the most important types of chemical and petrochemical products; low innovative activity of chemical enterprises; bottlenecks and insufficient efficiency of the investment process; shortcomings of legal regulation.; infrastructure and resource limitations; personnel shortage; ecological situation.

Strategy for the development of the chemical and petrochemical industry of the Russian Federation for the period until 2015: technical re-equipment and modernization of existing and creation of new cost-effective and environmentally friendly production facilities; development of export potential and domestic market for chemical products; organizational and structural development of the chemical complex in the direction of increasing the output of high-tech products; increasing the efficiency and innovative activity of chemical enterprises; development of resource, raw material and fuel and energy supply for the chemical complex; development of transport and logistics infrastructure.

Class: 9

Presentation for the lesson

Back forward

Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the features of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

Lesson type: Learning new material.

Lesson objectives:

• Educational: Describe the Russian chemical industry. To form an idea of ​​the sectoral composition of the chemical industry and its location throughout the country. Describe the bases of the chemical industry.
• Developmental: Continue to develop skills in working with a textbook, with atlas maps, map diagrams and tables, develop the ability to draw conclusions and generalizations.
• Educational: To form a belief about the need to take care of the environment.

Lesson type: Combined

Teaching methods: partial search, comparison and overlay of atlas maps, cartographic, problem-based.

Logistics support.

• Map “Chemical Industry”, textbook “Geography of Russia.
• Population and economy” 9th grade V.P. Dronov V.Ya. Rom, Atlas for 9th grade “Bustard”, presentation.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment – ​​1 min.

The teacher greets the class. The attendants mark those who are absent. The teacher reminds about the topic “Non-ferrous metallurgy”, studied in the previous lesson.

2. Checking homework. – 8 min.

Students receive cards with questions (one card per desk). You are given two minutes to think about the question. Then students answer at a fast pace. If the answer is incorrect, the others correct the answer. The first to correct the mistake is the neighbor at the desk.

(Start the survey in two minutes.)

Questions on cards:

1. Why is the center of ferrous metallurgy located in Lipetsk? (Lipetsk is located in the KMA iron ore mining area).
2. There are no reserves of coking coal and iron ore near the city of Cherepovets. However, a full-cycle metallurgical plant was built here. Why? Cherepovets is located in the middle between the iron ore deposits of the Kola Peninsula (Kovdor) and Karelia (Kostomuksha) and coking coal of the Pechora basin. The plant is built on ore and coal flows.
3. Why was an aluminum plant built in Volgograd? (Aluminum production is energy-intensive, therefore it is located near a source of cheap energy - the Volgograd hydroelectric station).
4. Indicate the main workshops of a full-cycle ferrous metallurgy plant. (Blast furnace – steelmaking – rolling).
5. Why were non-ferrous metallurgy factories built in Norilsk (behind the Arctic Circle)? How are raw materials delivered and finished products shipped from Norilsk? (In Norilsk, copper-nickel production operates on local ore. A railway has been built from Norilsk to the port on the Yenisei - Dudinka. Finished products are sent along the Northern Sea Route during the navigation period).
6. Why were the largest aluminum smelters in Russia built in Eastern Siberia in Krasnoyarsk and Bratsk? (Aluminum production is energy-intensive. The larger the plant, the greater the energy consumption. Large hydroelectric power stations operate in Krasnoyarsk and Bratsk, the energy of which is cheaper than the energy of small hydroelectric power stations)
7. Why do the factories of the Urals metallurgical base bring coal from Kuzbass and Kazakhstan, and not from the Pechora basin, located much closer to the Urals? (There is no railway to the Urals from the center of the Pechora Basin - Vorkuta.)
8. Why are there two metallurgical plants in Moscow? ( These are small metallurgy factories, working on scrap metal and waste from Moscow machine-building plants, and are consumer-oriented.)
9. Revda, Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Karabash are centers of what kind of production? Name another example of a center for this industry located in the same metallurgical base. (These are centers of the copper industry; an example is the city of Mednogorsk in the Urals, since these are cities of the Ural metallurgical base.)
10. Indicate the metallurgical production corresponding to the industrial center and the factors influencing the location of this production. (Norilsk - copper-nickel, for raw materials; Stary Oskol - electrometallurgical, for raw materials; Revda - copper smelting, for raw materials; Shelekhov - aluminum, for hydroelectric power stations; Nadvoitsy - aluminum, for hydroelectric power stations and for raw materials; Novotroitsk - ferrous metallurgy, for raw materials, )

3. Studying new material. - 24 minutes.

The topic of the lesson is announced. In a notebook we write down the topic of the lesson “Chemical industry”.

Explanation:

The chemical and forestry complex consists of two industries: the chemical and forestry industries. (Slide 3.4)

The chemical industry produces a variety of products.

Russia ranks second in the world in the production of sulfuric acid; in the production of mineral fertilizers - fifth place; in the production of synthetic resins - fourteenth place.

The chemical industry, along with mechanical engineering and electric power, influences the development of scientific and technological revolution through chemicalization.

According to the textbook “Geography. Population and Economy” for grade 9 V.P. Dronov and V.Ya. Rom paragraph 7, p. 33 define what chemicalization is?

(Chemization is the widespread use of technologies and chemical materials in all economic sectors.) (slide 5)

The chemical industry has three features that influence plant location.

Using page 33 of your textbook, list them. (slide 6)

1. Creates new materials that do not exist in nature. In terms of their qualities, they often surpass natural products. Their use saves labor and raw materials. Therefore, chemical industry enterprises are often created in already established areas, centers of production and consumption of traditional construction materials (machine-building centers and metallurgical bases).
2. The chemical industry has an almost unlimited raw material base: oil, gas, wood, water, air, etc. Moreover, the same product can be obtained from different types of raw materials. For example, nitrogen fertilizers can be produced from coal coking, water electrolysis, oil and natural gas refining. Therefore, theoretically, chemical industry enterprises can be created everywhere. But today the main chemical raw materials are oil and gas processing products, i.e. specially prepared raw materials. As a result, modern chemistry largely gravitates towards the areas of extraction and processing of these types of raw materials (Volga region, European Center).
3. Chemical technologies are very diverse. It opens opportunities for complex processing of raw materials.

In notebooks, students write down the main features of the chemical industry. (slide 7)

In the chemical industry and, in its interaction with

combination is widely developed in other industries. It contributes to the formation of various plants: chemical, petrochemical, coke, wood chemical, etc.

Several features of the chemical industry limit its potential ubiquity. These include the high energy and water intensity of many of its industries, especially modern ones. In recent years, the influence of the environmental factor has been increasing, since most chemical production is a strong environmental pollutant.

4. Relax (eye exercises) – 1 minute (slide 8)

Write in your notebook:

Industry composition and factors of location of the chemical industry.

1. Using fig. 9 “Composition of the Russian chemical industry” on page 35, determine the sectoral composition of the chemical industry. What products does each of these industries produce?
2. Using table 6 “Factors for the location of the most important production facilities in the chemical industry,” page 36, determine the factors for the location of these industries. (slide 9-10)

Make a table

Industry composition	Products	Placement factors
Mining and chemical	Extraction of salts, phosphorites, apatites.	At the places where raw materials are extracted.
Basic Chemistry	Acids, alkalis, salts, fertilizers.	From raw materials and consumers.
Chemistry of organic synthesis	Organic acids and alcohols.	From raw materials
Polymer chemistry	Synthetic rubber, chemical fibers, plastics and synthetic resins.	Raw materials, water, cheap energy.
Polymer processing	Plastic products, tires, rubber technical products.	From the consumer.

Chemical industry bases. (slide 11)

There are 4 chemical industry bases in Russia:

1. North European

2. Central

3. Ural-Volga region

4. Siberian

5. Consolidation of the studied material – 7 minutes (slide 12-13)

Smash the cities

A) Cherepovets,

B) Kemerovo,

B) Angarsk,

D) Lipetsk,

D) Solikamsk,

E) Bryansk,

G) Dzerzhinsk,

H) Togliatti,

I) Voskresensk,

K) Veliky Novgorod

Into groups depending on their production of mineral fertilizers:

1. complex

2. nitrogen

3. potassium

4. phosphorus

Please note that some cities may be classified into more than one group.

After 2-3 minutes of preparation, those interested are invited to the board (to the map) to complete the task.

2. b, c, d, g, j

6. Lesson summary - 2 min

The most active students are given grades for their work in class.

7. Homework – 2 min. (slide 14)

Homework assignments are given in a differentiated manner:

1. For the main group of students - Create a table “The largest chemical companies in Russia” (Annex 1), item 7
2. For students with reduced educational capabilities - paragraph 7 of V.P.’s textbook. Dronova, I.I. Barinova, V.Ya. Roma, A.A. Lobzhanidze “Geography of Russia”, M., Bustard, 2011