SNK years of existence. History of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR

However, this list strongly diverges from official data on the composition of the first Council of People's Commissars. Firstly, writes Russian historian Yuri Emelyanov in his work “Trotsky. Myths and Personality,” it includes people’s commissars from various compositions of the Council of People’s Commissars, which have changed many times. Secondly, according to Emelyanov, Dikiy mentions a number of people’s commissariats that never existed at all! For example, on cults, on elections, on refugees, on hygiene... But the actually existing People's Commissariats of Railways, Posts and Telegraphs are not included in the Wild's list at all!
Further: Dikiy claims that the first Council of People's Commissars included 20 people, although it is known that there were only 15 of them.
A number of positions are listed inaccurately. Thus, Chairman of the Petrosovet G.E. Zinoviev never actually held the post of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs. Proshyan, whom Dikiy for some reason calls “Protian,” was the People’s Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs, not of Agriculture.
Several of the mentioned “members of the Council of People’s Commissars” were never members of the government. I.A. Spitsberg was an investigator of the VIII liquidation department of the People's Commissariat of Justice. It is generally unclear who is meant by Lilina-Knigissen: either the actress M.P. Lilina, or Z.I. Lilina (Bernstein), who worked as head of the department public education at the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet. Cadet A.A. Kaufman participated as an expert in the development of land reform, but also had nothing to do with the Council of People's Commissars. The name of the People's Commissar of Justice was not Steinberg at all, but Steinberg...

Council of People's Commissars, Council of People's Commissars), supreme executive and administrative bodies state power V Soviet Russia, USSR, union and autonomous republics in 1917-46. In March 1946 they were transformed into Councils of Ministers.

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

Council of People's Commissars - SNK - in 1917-1946. the name of the highest executive and administrative bodies of state power in the USSR, union and autonomous republics. In March 1946 they were transformed into Councils of Ministers. According to the USSR Constitution of 1936, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was formed by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR at a joint meeting of both chambers consisting of: the chairman, his deputies and other members. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was formally responsible to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and accountable to it, and in the period between sessions of the Supreme Council it was responsible to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, to which it was accountable. The Council of People's Commissars could issue decrees and orders binding on the entire territory of the USSR on the basis and in pursuance of existing laws and verify their implementation.

The government of the world's first workers' and peasants' state was first formed as the Council of People's Commissars, which was created on October 26. (November 8) 1917, the day after the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution, by the resolution of the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies on the formation of a workers' and peasants' government.

The decree written by V.I. Lenin stated that to govern the country, a Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government, which will be called the Council of People's Commissars, would be established "until the convening of the Constituent Assembly." V.I. Lenin was elected the first chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, who served in this post for seven years (1917-1924) until his death. Lenin developed the basic principles of the activities of the Council of People's Commissars and the tasks facing the highest bodies of government of the Soviet Republic.

The name “Temporary” disappeared with the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly. The first composition of the Council of People's Commissars was one-party - it included only Bolsheviks. The proposal to the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries to join the Council of People's Commissars was rejected by them. On Dec. In 1917, the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries entered the Council of People's Commissars and were in government until March 1918. They left the Council of People's Commissars due to disagreement with the conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty and took the position of counter-revolution. Subsequently, the CHK was formed only by representatives of the Communist Party. According to the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918, adopted by the 5th All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the government of the Republic was called the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.

The Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918 determined the main functions of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. The general management of the activities of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR belonged to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. The composition of the government was approved by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of Soviets or the Congress of Soviets. The Council of People's Commissars had the necessary full rights in the field of executive and administrative activities and, along with the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, enjoyed the right to issue decrees. Exercising executive and administrative power, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR supervised the activities of the People's Commissariats and other centers. departments, and also directed and controlled the activities of local authorities.

The Administration of the Council of People's Commissars and the Small Council of People's Commissars were created, which on January 23. (February 5) 1918 became a permanent commission of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR for preliminary consideration of issues submitted to the Council of People's Commissars and issues of current legislation for the management of the department of industries government controlled and governments. In 1930 the Small Council of People's Commissars was abolished. By decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of November 30, 1918, it was established under the leadership. V.I. Lenin Council of Workers' and Peasants' Defense 1918-20. In April 1920 it was transformed into the Council of Labor and Defense (STO). The experience of the first Council of People's Commissars was used in state building in all the Union Soviet socialist republics.

After the unification of the Soviet republics into a single union state - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a union government was created - the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. The regulations on the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR were approved by the Central Executive Committee on November 12, 1923.

The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was formed by the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and was its executive and administrative body. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR supervised the activities of all-Union and united (union-republican) people's commissariats, considered and approved decrees and resolutions of all-Union significance within the limits of the rights provided for by the Constitution of the USSR of 1924, the provisions on the Council of People's Commissars of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, and other legislative acts. Decrees and resolutions of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR were binding throughout the entire territory of the USSR and could be suspended and canceled by the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and its Presidium. For the first time, the composition of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, headed by Lenin, was approved at the 2nd session of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on July 6, 1923. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, according to the regulations on it in 1923, consisted of: chairman, deputy. Chairman, People's Commissar of the USSR; Representatives of the union republics participated in the meetings of the Council of People's Commissars with the right of an advisory vote.

According to the Constitution of the USSR, adopted in 1936, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was the highest executive and administrative body of state power of the USSR. It formed Top. Soviet Council of the USSR. The USSR Constitution of 1936 established the responsibility and accountability of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR Top. Council, and in the period between sessions of the Top. Council of the USSR - its Presidium. According to the USSR Constitution of 1936, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR united and directed the work of the all-Union and Union-Republican People's Commissariats of the USSR and other economic and cultural institutions subordinate to it, took measures to implement the national economic plan, the state budget, provided leadership in the field of external relations with foreign states, supervised the general construction of the country's armed forces, etc. According to the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR had the right, in the branches of management and economics within the competence of the USSR, to suspend resolutions and orders of the Council of People's Commissars of the Union Republics and to cancel orders and instructions of the People's Commissariats of the USSR. Art. 71 of the USSR Constitution of 1936 established the right of deputy inquiry: a representative of the Council of People's Commissars or the People's Commissar of the USSR, to whom a request from a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR is addressed, is obliged to give an oral or written answer in the appropriate chamber.

The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, according to the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, was formed at the 1st session of the Supreme Council. Soviet of the USSR January 19 1938. June 30, 1941 by decision of the Presidium of the Supreme. The Council of the USSR, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR created the State Defense Committee (GKO), which concentrated all the fullness of state power in the USSR during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45.

The Council of People's Commissars of the Union Republic is the highest executive and administrative body of state power of the Union Republic. He is responsible to the Supreme Council of the Republic and is accountable to it, and in the period between sessions of the Supreme. Council - in front of the Presidium Top. The Council of the Republic and the Council of People's Commissars of the Union Republic are accountable to it, according to the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, issues resolutions and orders on the basis of and in pursuance of the current laws of the USSR and the Union Republic, resolutions and orders of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and is obliged to verify their implementation.

An important step towards the adoption of the USSR Constitution of 1924 was the Second Session of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, which opened on July 6, 1923.

The Central Executive Committee of the USSR formed the Soviet government - the Council of People's Commissars. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was the executive and administrative body of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and in its work was responsible to it and its Presidium (Article 37 of the Constitution). The chapters on the highest bodies of the USSR enshrine the unity of legislative and executive power.

To manage the branches of public administration, 10 People's Commissariats of the USSR were created (Chapter 8 of the USSR Constitution of 1924): five all-Union (according to foreign affairs, on military and naval affairs, foreign trade, communications, posts and telegraphs) and five united (Supreme Council National economy, food, labor, finance and workers' and peasants' inspection). All-Union People's Commissariats had their representatives in the Union republics. The United People's Commissariats exercised leadership on the territory of the Union republics through the people's commissariats of the same name of the republics. In other areas, management was carried out exclusively by the union republics through the corresponding republican people's commissariats: agriculture, internal affairs, justice, education, health care, social security.

The People's Commissariat of the USSR was headed by people's commissars. Their activities combined the principles of collegiality and unity of command. Under the People's Commissar, under his chairmanship, a collegium was formed, the members of which were appointed by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. The People's Commissar had the right to make decisions individually, bringing them to the attention of the collegium. In case of disagreement, the board or its individual members could appeal the decision of the People's Commissar to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, without suspending the execution of the decision.

The second session approved the composition of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and elected V.I. Lenin as its chairman.

Since V.I. Lenin was ill, the leadership of the Council of People's Commissars was carried out by five of his deputies: L.B. Kamenev, A.I. Rykov, A.D. Tsyurupa, V.Ya. Chubar, M.D. Orakhelashvili. The Ukrainian Chubar was, from July 1923, the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Ukraine, and the Georgian Orakhelashvili was the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the TSFSR, so they performed, first of all, their direct duties. From February 2, 1924, Rykov will become the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. Rykov and Tsyurupa were Russian by nationality, and Kamenev was Jewish. Of the five deputies of the Council of People's Commissars, only Orakhelashvili had higher education, the other four are average. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was the direct successor of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. In addition to the chairman and his five deputies, the first Council of People's Commissars of the Union also included 10 people's commissars and the chairman of the OGPU with an advisory vote. Naturally, when selecting the leaders of the Council of People's Commissars, problems arose related to the necessary representation from the union republics.

The formation of the Union People's Commissariats also had its problems. The RSFSR People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade, Communications, Posts and Telegraphs, and Military and Naval Affairs were transformed into allied ones. The personnel of the People's Commissariats at that time was still formed mainly from former employees of the administrative apparatus and specialists from pre-revolutionary times. For employees who were workers before the revolution in 1921-1922. accounted for only 2.7%, which was explained by the lack of a sufficient number of literate workers. These employees automatically flowed from the Russian People's Commissariats to the Union ones, with a very small number of workers transferred from the national republics.

The Council of People's Commissars of the Union Republic is formed by the Supreme Council of the Union Republic, consisting of: the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Union Republic; Deputy Chairmen; Chairman of the State Planning Commission; People's Commissars: Food Industry; Light industry; Forestry industry; Agriculture; Grain and livestock state farms; Finance; Domestic trade; Internal Affairs; Justice; Healthcare; Enlightenment; Local industry; Utilities; Social Security; Authorized Procurement Committee; Head of the Department of Arts; Authorized All-Union People's Commissariats.

According to the Constitution of the RSFSR of July 10, 1918, the activities of the Council of People's Commissars are:

· management of general affairs of the RSFSR, management of individual branches of management (Articles 35, 37)

· issuing legislative acts and taking measures “necessary for the correct and rapid flow of public life.” (v.38)

The People's Commissar has the right to individually make decisions on all issues within the jurisdiction of the commissariat, bringing them to the attention of the collegium (Article 45).

All adopted resolutions and decisions of the Council of People's Commissars are reported to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (Article 39), which has the right to suspend and cancel a resolution or decision of the Council of People's Commissars (Article 40).

17 people's commissariats are being created (this figure is indicated erroneously in the Constitution, since there are 18 of them in the list presented in Article 43).

· on foreign affairs;

· on military affairs;

· on maritime affairs;

· By internal affairs;

· Justice;

· social security;

· education;

· Posts and telegraphs;

· on nationalities affairs;

· for financial matters;

· ways of communication;

· agriculture;

· trade and industry;

· food;

· State control;

· Supreme Council of the National Economy;

· health care.

With the formation of the USSR in December 1922 and the creation of an all-Union government, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR became the executive and administrative body of state power of the Russian Federation. The organization, composition, competence and order of activity of the Council of People's Commissars were determined by the Constitution of the USSR of 1924 and the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1925.

WITH at this moment The composition of the Council of People's Commissars was changed in connection with the transfer of a number of powers to allied departments. 11 people's commissariats were established:

· domestic trade;

· finance

· Internal Affairs

· Justice

· education

health care

· agriculture

social security

The Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR now included, with the right of a decisive or advisory vote, representatives of the USSR People's Commissariats under the Government of the RSFSR. The Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR allocated, in turn, a permanent representative to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. (according to information from the SU, 1924, N 70, art. 691.) Since February 22, 1924, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR have a single Administration. (based on materials from the USSR Central State Archive of Ordinance, f. 130, op. 25, d. 5, l. 8.)

With the introduction of the Constitution of the RSFSR on January 21, 1937, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR was accountable only to the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, and in the period between its sessions - to the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR.

Since October 5, 1937, the composition of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR has included 13 people's commissariats (data from the Central State Administration of the RSFSR, f. 259, op. 1, d. 27, l. 204.):

· Food Industry

· light industry

timber industry

· agriculture

grain state farms

livestock farms

· finance

· domestic trade

· Justice

health care

· education

local industry

· public utilities

social security

Also included in the Council of People's Commissars is the Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the RSFSR and the Head of the Directorate for Arts Affairs under the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR

1. Organize the Solovetsky forced labor camp special purpose and two forwarding and distribution points in Arkhangelsk and Kemi.
2. Organization and management specified in Art. I will be entrusted with the camp and transit and distribution points to the OGPU.
3. All lands, buildings, living and dead equipment that previously belonged to the former Solovetsky Monastery, as well as the Pertominsky camp and the Arkhangelsk transit and distribution point, should be transferred free of charge to the OGPU.
4. At the same time, transfer the radio station located on the Solovetsky Islands to the OGPU for use.
5. Oblige the OGPU to immediately begin organizing the labor of prisoners for the use of agricultural, fishing, forestry and other industries and enterprises, exempting them from paying state and local taxes and fees.

Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR Rykov
SNK Business Manager Gorbunov
Secretary Fotieva

Right:
Secretary of the special department of the OGPU I. Filippov

The copy from the copy is correct:
Secretary of the Management of Social Camps of the ON OGPU Vaskov

List of names of members of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR who adopted the Resolution "On the organization of the Solovetsky forced labor camp"

Bogdanov Peter | Bryukhanov Nikolay | Dzerzhinsky Felix | Dovgalevsky Valerian | Kamenev Lev (Rosenfeld) | Krasin Leonid | Krestinsky Nikolay | Kursky Dmitry | Lenin Vladimir | Lunacharsky Anatoly | Orakhelashvili Mamiya | Rykov Alexey | Semashko Nikolay | Sokolnikov Grigory (Brilliant Girsh) | Stalin (Dzhugashvili) Joseph | Trotsky (Bronstein) Lev | Tsyurupa Alexander | Chicherin Georgy | Chubar Vlas | Yakovenko Vasily

Not being “people’s” commissars, two more comrades had a hand in preparing the documents and decisions:

And finally, the document’s fidelity to the Resolution (or the correctness of the Resolution in the document?) was confirmed by comrades from the “authorities”:

Fillipov I. | Rodion Vaskov

"People's" commissars at the time of the creation of SLON:
half of them will die from the bullets of their “comrades-in-arms”

"Do not be afraid of enemies - in the worst case, they can kill you. Do not be afraid of friends - in the worst case, they can betray you. Fear the indifferent - they do not kill or betray, but only with their tacit consent do they exist in the land of betrayal and murder." ( Yasensky Bruno)

Beloborodov Alexander Georgievich(1891 –1938) - Regicide, signed the decision to execute royal family. Replaced Dzerzhinsky as People's Commissar of VnuDel of the RSFSR (08/30/1923). Under him, the Directorate of Northern Camps was located on Solovki. Shot.

Bogdanov Peter(1882-1939) - Soviet statesman, engineer. Member of the RSDLP since 1905. In 1917, before. Gomel Revolutionary Committee. Member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in 1927-30. Member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Central Executive Committee of the USSR. Arrested in 1937. Shot.

Bryukhanov Nikolay(1878 - 1938) - Soviet statesman. People's Commissar of Food of the USSR (1923-1924), Deputy People's Commissar of Finance of the USSR (1924-1926), People's Commissar of Finance of the USSR (1926-1930). Arrested on February 3, 1938. Shot.

Dzerzhinsky Felix(1877 - 1926) - Soviet statesman. Polish nobleman. The head of a number of people's commissariats, the founder of the Cheka, one of the organizers of the "Red Terror", who believed that "the Cheka must defend the revolution, even if its sword accidentally falls on the heads of the innocent."

Dovgalevsky Valerian(1885 - 1934) - Soviet statesman, diplomat. Member of the Communist Party since 1908, electrical engineer. From 1921 People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs of the RSFSR, in 1923 Deputy People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs of the USSR. He was a member of the USSR Central Executive Committee. Died. He was buried near the Kremlin wall.

Kamenev (Rosenfeld) Lev(1883 - 1936) From an educated Russian-Jewish family, the son of a machinist. On September 14, 1922, he was appointed deputy. Chairman of the Council people's commissars(V. Lenin) RSFSR. 1922 It was he who proposed the appointment of Joseph Stalin Secretary General Central Committee of the RCP(b). Convicted in 1936. Shot.

Krasin Leonid(1870 - 1926) He is also Nikitich, Horse, Yuhanson, Winter, Kurgan. Soviet statesman. Born into the family of a minor official. In 1923 he became the first People's Commissar foreign trade THE USSR. Died in London. He was buried near the Kremlin wall.

Krestinsky (?) Nikolai(1883-1938), party member since 1903. From the nobility, son of a gymnasium teacher. Since 1918, People's Commissar of Finance of the RSFSR. In May 1937 he was arrested. The only one refused to admit guilt: “I also did not commit any of the crimes that are charged to me personally.” Sentenced and executed in 1938.

Kursky Dmitry(1874 - 1932), People's Commissar of Justice of the RSFSR, first prosecutor of the RSFSR. Born into the family of a railway engineer. In 1918, he was a member of the commission on organizing intelligence agencies in Soviet Russia (together with Dzerzhinsky and Stalin). Member of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (1921) and the Central Executive Committee of the USSR (1923). Committed suicide (1932).

Lenin Vladimir(1870 - 1924), Soviet politician and statesman, revolutionary, founder of the Bolshevik Party, one of the organizers and leaders of the October Rebellion of 1917, chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (government) of the RSFSR and the USSR. Chief organizer of Elephant.

Lunacharsky Anatoly(1875 - 1933), - Soviet writer, political figure, translator, publicist, critic, art critic. Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1930), People's Commissar of Education (1917-1929). Died in France. He was buried near the Kremlin wall.

Orakhelashvili Mamia (Ivan)(1881 - 1937) - Soviet party leader. Born into a noble family. He studied at the medical faculty of Kharkov University. From July 6, 1923 to May 21, 1925 - Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. In April 1937 he was deported to Astrakhan. In 1937 he was arrested and executed.

Rykov Alexey(1875 - 1938), party member since 1898. Born in Saratov. Since 1921, deputy Pred. SNK and STO of the RSFSR, in 1923-1924. - USSR and RSFSR. Signed the decree on the creation of SLON. Expelled from the party (1937) and arrested. Shot on March 15, 1938.

Semashko Nikolay(1874 - 1949) - Soviet party and statesman. Nephew of the revolutionary G. Plekhanov. In Switzerland he met Lenin (1906). Since 1918 People's Commissar of Health of the RSFSR. Professor, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1944) and the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR (1945). He died a natural death.

Sokolnikov Grigory (Brilliant Hirsch)(1888 - 1939) - Soviet state. activist Member and can. member of the Politburo (1917, 1924-1925). People's Commissar of Finance of the RSFSR (1922) and the USSR (1923-1926). Arrested and sentenced to 10 years in prison (1937). According to the official version, he was killed by prisoners in the Verkhneuralsk political isolation ward (1939). Shot on July 29, 1937, the corpse was burned. The ashes were thrown into a pit at the Donskoy Monastery cemetery in Moscow.

All these comrades are commissars of the Council of People's Commissars, members of the government - the same Leninist government that launched the state mechanism of terror with the first stop at Solovki, in SLON. All these “comrades” are directly involved in the adoption of the Resolution. Active position or criminal connivance. Question for the Court: what was each of them doing on November 2, 1923?

"I All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies (WHAT???)

Decree

On the establishment of the Council of People's Commissars

Educate to govern the country (which one???), until the convening of the Constituent Assembly, a provisional workers' and peasants' government, which will be called the Council of People's Commissars. The management of individual branches of state life is entrusted to commissions, the composition of which must ensure the implementation of the program proclaimed by the Congress, in close unity with the mass organizations of workers, workers, sailors, soldiers, peasants and office workers. Government power belongs to the board of chairmen of these commissions, i.e. Council of People's Commissars.

Control over the activities of the People's Commissars and the right to remove them belongs to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies and its Central. Spanish to the committee.

At the moment, the Council of People's Commissars is composed of the following persons:

• Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars - Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin).

People's Commissars:

• for internal affairs - A. I. Rykov;


• agriculture - V. P. Milyutin;


• labor - A. G. Shlyapnikov;


• for military and naval affairs - a committee consisting of: V. A. Avseenko (Antonov), N. V. Krylenko and P. E. Dybenko;


• for trade and industry affairs - V. P. Nogin;


• public education - A. V. Lunacharsky;


• finance - I. I. Skvortsov (Stepanov);


• for foreign affairs - L. D. Bronstein (Trotsky);


• Justice - G.I. Oppokov (Lomov);


• for food matters - I. A. Teodorovich;


• Posts and telegraphs - N. P. Avilov (Glebov);


• for national affairs - I. V. Dzhugashvili (Stalin);

The post of People's Commissar for Railway Affairs remains temporarily unfilled."

The most impressive thing is the word: “country”, of course, immediately after the title - the deputies of who knows what territory!

WIKI about SNK: "

Immediately before the seizure of power on the day of the revolution, the Bolshevik Central Committee instructed Kamenev and Winter (Berzin) to enter into political contact with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries and begin negotiations with them on the composition of the future government. During the Second Congress of Soviets, the Bolsheviks invited the Left Socialist Revolutionaries to join the government, but they refused. The factions of the right Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviks left the Second Congress of Soviets at the very beginning of its work - before the formation of the government. The Bolsheviks were forced to form a one-party government.

The Council of People's Commissars was formed in accordance with the "" adopted by the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies on October 27, 1917. The decree began with the words:

To govern the country, until the convening of the Constituent Assembly, to form a temporary workers' and peasants' government, which will be called the Council of People's Commissars.

The Council of People's Commissars lost the character of a temporary governing body after the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, which was legislated by the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee received the right to form the Council of People's Commissars; The Council of People's Commissars was the body for the general management of the affairs of the RSFSR, with the right to issue decrees, while the All-Russian Central Executive Committee had the right to cancel or suspend any resolution or decision of the Council of People's Commissars.

Issues considered by the Council of People's Commissars were decided by a simple majority of votes. The meetings were attended by members of the government, the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the manager and secretaries of the Council of People's Commissars, and representatives of departments.

The permanent working body of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR was the administration, which prepared issues for meetings of the Council of People's Commissars and its standing commissions, and received delegations. The staff of the administration in 1921 consisted of 135 people (according to the data of the Central State Administrative Department of the USSR, f. 130, op. 25, d. 2, pp. 19 - 20.).

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of March 23, 1946, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR was transformed into the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR.

Legislative framework of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR

• management of general affairs of the RSFSR


• management of individual branches of management (Articles 35, 37)

The People's Commissar had the right to individually make decisions on all issues within the jurisdiction of the commissariat headed by him, bringing them to the attention of the collegium (Article 45).

With the formation of the USSR in December 1922 and the creation of an all-Union government, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR became the executive and administrative body of state power of the Russian Federation."