Phenological observations. Analysis of the poem “Summer Evening” by Blok Description of a summer evening in the city

A. Blok’s landscapes delight with bright colors and emotional content. “Summer Evening,” which is studied in 6th grade, is no exception. We invite you to familiarize yourself with a brief analysis of “Summer Evening” according to plan.

Brief Analysis

History of creation– the work appeared in 1898 under the impression of the summer spent on an estate near Moscow.

Theme of the poem- a summer evening descending on the countryside.

Composition– Conventionally, the poem can be divided into two parts: an evening landscape and an appeal to the reader. Formally, it consists of three quatrains.

Genre- elegy.

Poetic size– iambic tetrameter, cross rhyme ABAB.

Metaphors – “the rays of the sunset lie on a field of compressed rye”, “the grass is embraced in pink dormancy”, “the red disk of the moon”, “rush... towards the night and the moon”.

Epithets – “last rays”, “pink drowsiness”, “uncut grass”, “evening silence”.

History of creation

“Summer Evening” dates back to the early period of A. Blok’s work. The history of the creation of the poem is connected with the poet’s stay in the family estate near Moscow. Alexander Alexandrovich wrote the work in December 1898, a few months after entering St. Petersburg University. The young man spent the summer of this year on the Shakhmatovo estate. The serene warm days remained in his memory for a long time, and later were embodied in a poem.

Subject

The work develops traditional summer motifs in literature. They are closely intertwined with the emotions of the lyrical hero. Through the prism of his perception, the author reveals the theme of a summer village evening.

The background for creating a landscape is a rye field. And this is not surprising, because many associate it with the Russian village. The field is basking in the last rays of the sun, and the grass is already “embraced in pink dormancy.” This color hints at the carefree, cheerful mood of the lyrical hero.

The landscape reproduced by Blok is static, so it perfectly conveys the evening atmosphere. Even the breeze does not disturb nature. There is silence all around: both the birds and the reapers have fallen silent. The details of the landscape sketch tell the reader that the lyrical hero is watching the August evening.

The last quatrain of the poem is addressed to an invisible listener. It is impossible to understand who its addressee is: the reader or the lyrical hero himself. In these lines, the lyrical “I” calls for forgetting about your sorrows and completely surrendering to nature. He seeks to escape from everyday dullness and routine. To do this, you need to forget about your goals and anxious thoughts at least for a moment. The last lines suggest that under the mask of the lyrical hero hides a carefree young man who desires freedom and adventure. Thus, in the third quatrain two problems are raised: spiritual freedom from the vain human life and the unity of man and nature.

“Summer Evening” implements the idea that nature gives a person peace and tranquility, and also helps him feel free.

Composition

The composition of the poem is simple. Conventionally, it can be divided into two parts: an evening summer landscape and an appeal to the reader. The first part takes up more lines than the second. Formally, the poem consists of three quatrains, each of which continues the previous one in meaning.

Genre

The genre of the poem is elegy. Despite the fact that the work is based on a landscape, philosophical notes are felt. The first quatrains have a pronounced contemplative character. The last lines prompt us to think about real freedom. The poetic meter is iambic tetrameter. A. Blok used cross rhyme ABAB. The work contains both male and female rhymes.

Means of expression

The range of means of expression used in the poem is limited. However, they are the author’s main assistant in reproducing pictures of nature and conveying the mood of the lyrical hero. The text contains metaphors- “the rays of the sunset lie on a field of compressed rye”, “the grass is embraced in pink dormancy”, “the red disk of the moon”, “rush... towards the night and the moon” and epithets- “last rays”, “pink drowsiness”, “uncut grass”, “evening silence”. The trails are striking in their simplicity, some - in their banality. However, this feature does not impoverish the artistic design of the poems. It helps the reader get closer to nature.

The poem is dominated by a calm, smooth intonation. It corresponds to the content and emphasizes the serenity of the world surrounding the hero. Only the last quatrain is framed as an exclamatory sentence. Such intonation is required by its content and form.

In some lines the poet used alliteration“g”, “s”, “h”, “z”: “the last rays of sunset lie on a field of compressed rye.” It seems that nature is whispering some secrets to the lyrical hero.

Poem test

Rating Analysis

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Music for happiness - gentle guitar

The first chord is light, a breath of wind, your fingers barely touch the strings. A vanishingly quiet sound, E minor, simpler and there is nothing...
The first snowflake is light, translucent, carried by an almost imperceptible wind. She is the harbinger of snowfall, a scout who was the first to descend to the ground...

The second chord – the fingers of the left hand are deftly rearranged, the right one confidently and softly leads along the strings. Down, down, up - simple and gives the simplest sound. It's not a blizzard or a storm - just snowfall. There can be nothing complicated about it. Snowflakes begin to fly more often - the vanguard of the main forces, sparkling ice stars.

Then the chords replace each other more viscously and tenderly, so that the ear almost does not notice the transition from one sound to another. A transition that always sounds harsh. Instead of a fight, it’s too much. Eight. The intro is played and even if it’s not an instrumental that sounds triumphant and joyful during a summer downpour or viscous and bewitching in a snowstorm, even if it’s just chords put together, the music surprisingly suits the snow outside the window, the white butterflies of winter, the icy tiny stars that are all dancing, dancing their dance in the night sky...

Singing is woven into the music - quiet, the words are indistinguishable, elude perception, mixed with the snowfall and the measured, natural beating of the heart. A clear rhythm and calm strength resound in them. The song has no end, it just softly intertwines with the dance of snowflakes and goes away imperceptibly, leaving the sky and snow alone...
Cold and darkness conceal sounds and movements, reconciling the city with winter...

And the Lord of Snowfall, having played his part on one of the roofs, gently puts his guitar, which has power over the elements, into its case. There is snow on his shoulders and hair, red cheerful sparks flash and go out - snowflakes reflect the light of distant lights. There is light in the windows of the house opposite. There are people there who don’t know how to weave the lace of the elements...

The staircase is an ordinary staircase of a nine-story building. Doors, an elevator always occupied by someone, the dim light of a light bulb on the landing... The Lord of Snowfall walks, holding his guitar, quietly and slowly walking up the steps. From the ninth floor to the first, carefully so as not to disturb the warm feeling of relaxed, trusting happiness that comes every time after completing the game...
And the usual angry question from the mother who opened the door:
– When will you stop playing your games and finally start thinking?
It hits the open soul like a knife. The soft snow wings given by the fulfillment of the present break and only misunderstanding and resentment remain.
Why does she hit where it hurts the most? For what?..

At night, a wild wind mixed with snow blew through the city. Broke tree branches, tore wires, swept roads...
It was the Lord of Snowfall's guitar singing again.

"It's good in summer!" Short story about summer

Good in summer! The golden rays of the sun generously pour onto the earth. The river runs off into the distance like a blue ribbon. The forest is in festive, summer decoration. Flowers - purple, yellow, blue - scattered across the clearings and edges.

Sometimes in the summer all sorts of miracles happen. The forest stands in a green dress, underfoot there is green ant grass, completely strewn with dew. But what is it? Just yesterday there was nothing in this clearing, but today it is completely strewn with small, red, as if precious, stones. This is a berry - strawberry. Isn't this a miracle?

The hedgehog puffs, enjoying the tasty provisions. Hedgehog is an omnivore. Therefore, good days have come for him. And for other animals too. All living things rejoice. The birds are singing happily, they are now in their homeland, they don’t need to rush to distant, warm lands yet, they are enjoying the warm, sunny days.

Children and adults love summer. For long, sunny days and short, warm nights. For a rich harvest in the summer garden. For generous fields full of rye and wheat.

All living things sing and triumph in summer.

"Summer morning". Short story about summer
Summer is the time when nature wakes up early. Summer morning is amazing. Light clouds are floating high in the sky, the air is clean and fresh, it is filled with the aromas of herbs. The forest river sheds the haze of fog. A golden ray of the sun skillfully makes its way through the dense foliage, illuminating the forest. A nimble dragonfly, moving from place to place, looks carefully, as if looking for something.

It's nice to wander through the summer forest. Among the trees, the tallest are pine trees. Spruce trees are also not small, but they do not know how to stretch their tops so high towards the sun. You step softly on the emerald moss. What is there in the forest: mushrooms and berries, mosquitoes and grasshoppers, mountains and slopes. The summer forest is nature's storehouse.

And here is the first meeting - a large, prickly hedgehog. Seeing people, he gets lost, stands on a forest path, probably wondering where he should go next?

"Summer evening". Short story about summer
The summer day is approaching evening. The sky gradually darkens, the air becomes cooler. It looks like it might rain now, but inclement weather is rare in the summer. The forest is becoming quieter, but the sounds do not disappear completely. Some animals hunt at night; darkness is the most favorable time for them. Their vision is poorly developed, but their sense of smell and hearing are excellent. Such animals include, for example, the hedgehog. Sometimes you can hear the turtledove moaning.

At night the nightingale sings. During the day he also performs a solo part, but among the polyphony of voices it is difficult to hear and make out. It's a different matter at night. Some are singing, some are moaning. But overall, the forest is dying. Nature rests so that by morning it can delight everyone again.

An essay about " Summer evening“

In the summer, my parents and I often go to nature, where we have picnics. And this time we decided to spend the night in the forest, it was a very exciting adventure. It was then that I realized how beautiful and amazing the ordinary can be. summer evening.

The hot summer sun slowly sinks behind the high tops of the forest trees, and the air is filled with sounds unusual for the city. In the ringing silence of the forest, the trills of birds sounded louder, the chirping of grasshoppers was complemented by the singing of crickets. Flowers decorating a large forest clearing cover their buds and hide in the shade of the foliage. The sun is no longer visible at all, and the long shadows of the trees create bizarre patterns on the ground, similar to an unusual ornament. After the heat of the day, a summer evening brings long-awaited freshness, but the heated air does not want to cool quickly.

The clearing adjoins directly to the shore of a forest lake, the water of which seems completely dark from the shadow of the surrounding trees. You can notice how crimson stains appear on a smooth surface, this setting sun is reflected in a natural mirror. The air slowly cools and the forest smells appear even more acutely in it, especially the smell of water. Steam rises from the cooling lake, and in this haze the forest turns into a fairy-tale kingdom where Queen Nature rules. The first croaking of the frog is picked up in a discordant chorus by its friends, and now in the area it is no longer possible to hear anything from the standing roar. Just as it began, this noise suddenly stops, it seems that the sound of the recording of nature sounds was simply turned off. Immediately over the clearing hangs a deafening silence, into which various sounds gradually creep in.

Summer evening outdoors

In the bright evening sky you can see the first stars. As soon as the last rays of the sun disappear behind the horizon, the sky explodes with a bright gunpowder of starlight. If you look at it for a long time, the cold lights of the stars will remain before your eyes for a long time. Mysterious rustling sounds are heard from the forest, dying away at the sounds of owls hooting. From the side of the lake you can hear rare splashes of water, and you can only guess who is making them.

Warmth emanates from the lit fire, the crackling of dry branches lulls you to sleep. Bright flames illuminate the side wall of the tent, and the faces of parents who tell interesting stories and incidents from life. I like to listen to them and look at the fire, watching the rising sparks that seem to turn into a star. The fire goes out, and the clearing is filled with cold, bright moonlight, everything is visible very well and the stars do not stop shining in the night sky.

I really remember that one summer evening in the forest, next to a clean lake. It’s good that there are still places where tourists don’t get to and where you can admire nature untouched by man.

Reference.
Types of texts.
Depending on the content and nature of the presentation of the material, the following differ: a) description; b) narrative and c) reasoning.
In descriptive texts, objects or phenomena are depicted by listing their characteristic features. At the beginning or at the end of the description, an idea of ​​the object or phenomenon as a whole is given; the main part consists of elements of the description - passages that reveal individual aspects of what is depicted. Elements of the description are given according to a certain system: in order of their importance, in the order of their location in space, etc.
Narrative texts contain a story about events that is told in chronological order. The narration highlights the main events, indicates the order in which they occur, and shows their interrelationship. An example of such texts is a biographical work, a travel story, etc.
Reasoning is a type of text in which objects or phenomena are examined, causes are revealed, internal features are analyzed, and certain provisions are proven. The evidence distinguishes the main position, the truth of which is proven (the so-called thesis), and judgments that substantiate the correctness of the thesis (they are called arguments).
489. Find out the techniques of simple (business) description in the text below.
COOL ROOM. To the left of the door there were two shelves: one was ours, the child’s, the other was Karl Ivanovich’s, his own. On ours there were all kinds of books - educational and non-educational: some stood, others lay; The collection of books on Karl Ivanovich’s shelf, if not as large as on ours, was even more varied.
On the other wall hung land maps, all almost torn, but skillfully glued by the hand of Karl Ivanovich.
On the third wall, in the middle of which there was a door down, on one side hung two rulers: one - cut, ours; the other is brand new, our own; on the other, a black board on which our major offenses were marked with circles and small ones with crosses. To the left of the board there was a corner where we were forced to kneel.
In the middle of the room stood a table covered with torn black oilcloth, from under which in many places one could see the edges, cut by pocket knives. Around the table there were several unpainted stools, but varnished from long use.
The last wall was occupied by three windows. This was the view from them: right under the windows there was a road, behind which there was a trimmed linden alley, behind which in some places one could see a wicker picket fence; across the alley you can see a meadow, on one side of which there is a threshing floor, and on the contrary a forest; Far away in the forest you can see the watchman's hut. From the window to the right you can see part of the terrace on which the big ones usually sat until lunch.
(L.N. Tolstoy)
Write a description of the street where you live (describe neighborhood buildings, shops, green spaces, types of public transport, street lighting, etc.).
Find out the techniques of artistic description in the text below. How is it different from a simple (business) description?
GROVE.
The heat forced us to finally enter the grove. I threw myself under a tall hazel bush, over which a young, slender maple beautifully spread its light branches. Kasyan sat down on the thick end of a felled birch tree. I looked at him. The leaves swayed faintly in the heights, and their liquid-greenish shadows quietly slid back and forth over his frail body, somehow wrapped in a dark overcoat, over his small face. He didn't raise his head.
Bored with his silence, I lay down on my back and began to admire the peaceful play of tangled leaves in the distant bright sky. It's a surprisingly pleasant experience to lie on your back in the forest and look up! It seems to you that you are looking into a bottomless sea, that it spreads widely beneath you, that the trees do not rise from the ground, but, like the roots of huge plants, descend, falling vertically into those glassy-clear waves; the leaves on the trees alternately show emeralds and then thicken into golden, almost black green. Somewhere, far, far away, ending in a thin branch, a separate leaf stands motionless on a blue patch of transparent sky, and another one sways next to it, reminiscent of the play of a fish’s reach, as if the movement is unauthorized and not caused by the wind. Like magical underwater islands, white round clouds quietly float and quietly pass, and suddenly this whole sea, this radiant air, these branches and leaves drenched in the sun - everything will flow, tremble with a fugitive shine, and a fresh, trembling babble will rise, similar to the endless small splash of a suddenly running swell.
You don’t move - you look, and you can’t express in words how joyful, quiet, and sweet your heart feels. You look - that deep, pure azure awakens a smile on your lips, as innocent as itself, like clouds in the sky, and as if along with them, happy memories pass through your soul in a slow string; and it all seems to you that your gaze goes further and further and pulls you along with itself into that calm, shining abyss, and it is impossible to tear yourself away from this height, from this depth.
(Ya. S. Turgenev)
Describe a summer evening from your own observations. Look at the colors in the sky, follow their play, listen to the sounds around you. Involve, where appropriate, epithets, comparisons and other figurative means of language. Since the observed phenomena will occur simultaneously, use mostly verbs in the imperfective form (the so-called present or past descriptive).
Indicate the features of description and narration in the text provided.
About half a century ago, in the holiday village of Kuokkala, there was a wooden house not far from the station,
X. X.
above which protruded an awkward turret with multi-colored, half-broken glass. There, in the turret, about half a century ago my home was located, and the stairs to get there were very steep.
One day, before evening twilight, an elderly man climbed up these stairs very easily, without shortness of breath - at first I took him for a messenger - and handed me a letter:
From St. Petersburg, from Ivan Ivanovich...
And he names the name of one very small writer who published small notes about art in the newspapers of that time.
I open the envelope and read:
“Using the courtesy of Ilya Efimovich Repin, who will deliver this note to you, I hasten to inform you...”
I didn't read further. The thought that here, in front of me, in this tiny room, was the creator of “Barge Haulers”, “Cossacks”, “They Didn’t Expect”, “Ivan the Terrible”, “Procession”, led me into a state of extreme confusion. I began to sit him down in my only chair, but he said that he had just gotten off the train and that he needed to get home quickly, and yet he paused for a moment to look around my meager bookshelf.
When you look at dozens of paintings painted by Repin in the Tretyakov Gallery or the Russian Museum, Repin seems like a giant. The sheer number of these paintings is striking in its colossal size. And here he stands in front of me - short, with a smiling, strong, weather-beaten, old man's face, with his right eye narrowed, in a black overcoat, with a cape, in the most ordinary village gloves, and not even gloves, but mittens, around his mustache he has puffy reddish hair, very simple, even seemingly shy, as if he doesn’t know that he is Repin.
Oh, you read English too! - he said, seeing some English book on the shelf, and said in such a respectful voice, as if the ability to read in a foreign language was the greatest wisdom inaccessible to an ordinary mortal.
(K.I. Chukovsky)
Describe your visit to a museum or art gallery, combining narration with description.
Give a description of any manufacturing process in which you participated or observed.
Write a short news article for a wall newspaper. These kinds of notes contain answers to the questions what? Where? When?
Write a more detailed correspondence to the wall newspaper, which would not only report the fact, place and time of the incident, but would also indicate the figure and the motives for his actions (who? what? where? when? how much?).
Make a sketch of the appearance of someone you know.
Using materials from sports life, write an essay on the topic “What qualities should a real athlete have?”
Indicate the features of narration and reasoning in the text below.
When dawn broke on the southern outskirts of the city, the third battery had already dug in and stood camouflaged. The winter sun rose behind the snow, and everyone saw German tanks preparing to attack. They did not hide, they changed formations in front of everyone, and because they were moving all the time, it was difficult to count them. But there were many of them.
v
V
Ahead, somewhat to the left of the third battery, stood a heavy battery of another regiment. Her battalion commander could be distinguished from a distance by her tall black hat with a red top. He stood at the cannon wheel, holding binoculars with one hand, with the other, gloved, he made signs to the crew, and, obeying his hand, the cannon barrels unfolded. You could see the numbers working under the shield, the gunner turning the wheels of the turning and lifting mechanisms. The battery was preparing to open fire on the tanks.
After the first shell the tanks came to life. They were waiting for this, they were afraid to attack across the snowy field, not knowing our firing points, and they invited fire on themselves. Now they attacked the battery with all their might. The shells exploded thickly around her, and the batteries only fired back.
From there a man was running through the deep snow. From afar he shouted in a sobbing voice:
What are you watching? We are being shot before your eyes, and you stand?
It was a lieutenant, a platoon commander.
Velichenko felt the fighters' gaze on him.
Nazarov quickly approached:
Comrade battalion commander, allow me to open fire.
And the tanks kept hitting the battery. One weapon was already silent. The shell hit the wheel, and the cannon sat on its side, the shield was bent. Several people remained lying in the trench, others, scattered, ran to the gardens.
Nazarov stepped closer to Belichenko:
If you do not order, I will open fire myself!
I'll shoot you on the spot! - Belichenko said quietly, choking.
When he turned around, he met no one's eyes.
The second gun on the battery was already knocked out and did not respond to the fire of the German tanks. The calculation left her. the last numbers were already reaching the gardens. Only the battalion commander in his tall black hat with a red top sat cowering behind the cannon wheel, not wanting to leave the battery that he himself had destroyed. To whom
this heroism of his was now needed. No, Belichenko could not open fire. He had no right, succumbing to his feelings, to accept battle under the conditions that the Germans imposed on him. If he opened fire, the tanks would discover his camouflaged battery and, from a vantage point, shoot it from afar, just as they had just shot the neighboring one. He was responsible for people’s lives, but these same people now, under his gaze, averted their eyes, as if in front of a man who had done a cruel deed.
There were shells left on the broken battery, and he sent soldiers to get them. They made their way there through lowlands, gardens, and ravines and took out all the boxes, and the battalion commander was still sitting on the battery, which was left without guns and without shells.
But Belichenko had no pity for this man now. And there was no time to spare.
Here, on the outskirts of the gardens, the third battery met the tanks and repulsed them, and then lost count of the attacks. And with each attack repulsed, the consciousness grew stronger that although there was no longer any possibility, it was still possible to hold on here.
(According to G. Ya. Baklanov)
Describe an episode from your life that you find interesting. To indicate the sequence of events, use verbs in the perfect form (the so-called past declarative).
Identify the elements of reasoning in the text below.
When people leave, things are left behind. Things silently testify to the most ancient truth - that they are more durable than people. There are no inanimate objects. There are inanimate people. Without Pushkin's things, without the nature of Pushkin's places, it is difficult to fully understand his life and work. The poet’s contemporaries knew this well, and best of all Alexander Ivanovich Turgenev, who wrote about the house
Pushkin, about pines, lilacs, gulbische and much more in Mikhailovskoye.
It has long been known that for any poet, the places where his fate took shape, where his “prophetic apple” opened, are especially dear. They remain for him forever the most remarkable in the world.
Pushkin himself connected the beginning of his creative biography not only with the Tsarskoye Selo gardens, but also with the Mikhailovsky groves. In Mikhailovskoye he realized “why he was born into the world.” He comprehended in it the true generosity of nature, its boundlessness, “beauty that shines forever.” And he gave his heart and love to the local sky and earth, its bread, flowers, trees and birds. Mikhailovskoye was his home, through the windows of which he saw his Fatherland. It was his destiny and happiness.
Through the love of flowers, birds and herbs, the great poet came to love his people, a bright, cheerful love, like the wonderful song of a nightingale or an oriole.
Through Mikhailovsky’s love for nature, joy comes to all of us.
(S. S. Geichenko)
503. Read an excerpt from the book by M. M. Prishvin
"The Road to a Friend" State the main idea expressed in the passage.
A man of seventy-five years old, his life is in the balance, and he is planting lilacs!
And what’s more, he is not alone, and perhaps there has never been a time when people grabbed plants so passionately: everyone who can plants gardens.
This means, firstly, that people all live as immortals, despising their knowledge of death; secondly, it means that a person’s best is truly a garden.
It’s never too late to plant a tree: even if you don’t get the fruits for yourself, the joy of life begins with the opening of the first bud of the planted plant.
What type of presentation (description, narration, reasoning) would you classify the following text as? Motivate your opinion.
The other day in Koktebel, one carpenter, an intelligent young guy, pointed out to me the grave of M.A. Voloshin, located high above the sea on the left turtle shore of Iphigenia Bay. When we raised the ashes to the mountain indicated in the poet’s will, he explained, everyone was amazed at the novelty of the view that opened up. Only M.A. himself - the greatest, according to the carpenter, specialist in matters of vigilance - could so successfully choose the place for his burial.
The carpenter had a magnetic chisel in his hands. He dipped bare blue steel into the nails and took it out, full of tenacious iron mosquitoes. M.A., the honorary caretaker of the wondrous geological accident called Koktebel, devoted his entire life to the magnetization of the bay entrusted to him. He carried out the shocking Dantean work of merging with the landscape and was rewarded with a review from the carpenter.
(O. E. Mandelstam)
Write an essay on the topic “What does reading works of fiction give me?” Support each of your statements with the necessary argumentation.
Prepare an oral retelling of the text below.
UNUSUAL MONUMENTS. In the spring of 1942, Nazi planes bombarded a British submarine with depth charges. When the bombing subsided, the crew discovered that the boat was doomed: the rudder and lifting systems were damaged, and communications at depth did not work. Slow death seemed inevitable, the only timid hope lay in two pigeons: what if the birds would help contact the base? The pigeons were placed in a rescue capsule, thrown out through a torpedo tube and began to wait. Help came on the second day, and the savior turned out to be a dove: during a severe storm, she flew several hundred kilometers over the ocean and brought the coordinates of the boat to the base. For this feat, a monument was erected to the bird and it was forever included in the crew of the boat.
On the island of Rhodes in Greece you can see monuments to deer: the animals are given honor for exterminating dangerous snakes.
Of course, dogs deserve the greatest gratitude from people. What kind of work do they not perform on behalf of a person! A dog is a watchman, a fireman, a nurse, a sapper in war, and an indispensable assistant to a border guard, a criminologist, a hunter; dogs were the first living creatures to go into space; heart transplants and many other experimental operations were tried on them. In 1935, in the village of Koltushi, at the insistence of Academician I.P. Pavlov, a monument called “Monument to the Unknown Dog” was erected.
A monument to a St. Bernard named Barry was erected in Paris. The inscription on the pedestal reads: “The valiant Barry saved forty people from death. During the rescue, forty-one died.” There is a dramatic story behind this inscription.
Here's how it all happened. Saint Bernards are mountain rescue dogs: they search for people when there are snow falls. First aid supplies are strapped to the back of a large and strong animal: food, a bottle of wine, a blanket. If the dog is unable to dig out the victim, it rushes to the village and calls people there for help. In this way, Barry managed to save 40 people. Forty-one, discovered under the rubble, showed no signs of life, but the dog dug it up and, warming it with its breath, began to lick the man’s face. The victim woke up, opened his eyes, but, frightened, pulled out a revolver and fired.
Fortunately, the ending of this story is the stuff of legend. In fact, Barry lived at the monastery on Mount Great St. Bernard from 1800 to 1812, and when he grew old and became too weak to work in the mountains, the abbot of the monastery sent him to the capital of Switzerland - Bern, and, as recorded in one document, “ the city fed him until his death.” Barry's stuffed animal can still be seen in the Zoological Museum in Bern.
507. Read the text of popular science content. Indicate the features of its presentation.
WHAT AN ORDINARY SUFFIX CAN REVEAL.
"What's your last name?" - “Kuznetsov”. - “And her?” - “Nadezhdina.” - “And this baby in felt boots?” - “His last name is Kozlovsky.”
Here are three types of suffixes with which our Russian surnames are most often formed: “-ov” (Stolyarov, Viktorov, Ushakov), “-in” (Dobrynin, Pushkin, Druzhinin), “-sky” (Vyazemsky, Zhukovsky, Dargomyzhsky) .
Just as often as the suffix “-ov”, we also find its variation in family names - the suffix “-ev”: Dmitriev, Saraev, Soloviev.<...>
What does the surname “Petrov” mean? It means "belonging to Peter." “Grad Petrov” for Pushkin means: “built, created by Peter the Great.”
When applied to a person, the suffix “-ov”, when it is attached to a human name, usually means: “son of such and such.” “Vasiliev” is almost the same as “Vasilievich”. “Vasiliev” is either the son or descendant of Vasily.
Right up until the revolution, the peasantry in Russia had almost no real surnames that would pass from generation to generation. If Peter had a son, Nikolai, then he received the surname “Petrov”. The grandson of Peter and the son of Nikolai would most often be called not Alexander Nikolaevich Petrov, but Alexander Nikolaev.
In an even more distant past, there was a custom that very clearly showed what exactly the suffix “-ov” or “-ev” that was part of our surnames originally meant. Then they said this: “Lev Kirillov is the son of Naryshkin; Boris Lvov is the son of Krechetov.”
That is why, when we encounter any surname with these suffixes, we have every right to assume that the rest of the word was once a name, a male name.
Most often, there is nothing to assume here: it is clear that Peter, Ivan, Gregory are male names.<...>
Apparently, many words that we now never see in this role were once masculine names; otherwise, where would such surnames as “Chemodanov”, “Bystrov”, “Kiselev”, “Churbakov” and many others like them come from? After all, they all mean nothing more than “descendant of Suitcase, Kisel, Churbak.”
(L.V. Uspensky)
508. For the relevant sections of the Russian language textbook, prepare an oral report on one of the topics: “Types of simple sentences with one main member”, “Ways of expressing the predicate in sentences with two main members”, “Punctuation marks in non-union complex sentences”. For each topic, think over an answer plan and select the necessary examples.
Reference. To familiarize readers with the content and purpose of a book, article, or collection in general, an annotation is often attached to it.
An abstract is a brief description of a printed publication, placed at its beginning, setting out its contents in the form of a list of the most important issues, sometimes also giving its assessment.
Read the abstract below for the book “Living Pages. A. S. Pushkin, N. V. Gogol, M. Yu. Lermontov, V. G. Belinsky in memoirs, letters, diaries, autobiographical works and documents”, intended for high school students. Using this example, write a summary of one of the books you have read.
“Living Pages” is a unique chronicle of the life and work of four great representatives of Russian literature of the first half of the 19th century: Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov, Belinsky. The book also introduces them to their immediate environment. It also highlights the most important events in the social life of that time, which worried writers and were reflected in their works.
Write a review of a book you recently read. In your review, provide a brief summary of the book, indicate the idea, theme, plot, note the composition, features of language and style, give an assessment (did you like the book or not? Why?). As a sample, use critical articles on works of fiction that you are familiar with.
.Write a review about a play, movie or TV movie you watched. Briefly outline their contents and evaluate them. Consider the content of the information below.
SOIL AND FATE. This year, cinema celebrates the 100th anniversary of the birth of one of the greatest cinema masters, Alexander Dovzhenko.
The film “Earth,” the most important for understanding the director’s innovative poetics, remains today a relevant reason for thinking about the pressing problems of cinema. In the summer of 1929, Dovzhenko began work on his best film. The premonition of a revival, of the coming “golden age” dominated in the environment of which Dovzhenko was a part. The subject of dispute, however, was who to focus on in the Renaissance process. On the masses, on the farmer and his world of values, or on the superman?
Ukraine was often presented as an untouched, sleeping land that had to be taken by force and awakened. This is where the sympathy for Bolshevism and its strength comes from. The weak must leave, disappear, dissolve - they have no place here... Did they ever think that the strong, having arrived and established themselves, will begin to throw out their ideologists somewhere far away.
The beginning of “Earth”: a field agitated by the wind, a girl and a sunflower. The latter is the deputy of the sun on earth, his sign, and, therefore, the image of the earth marked with this sign is shown to us. The girl is a symbol of innocence, purity. The sun has yet to rise over this land, but for now it is evening twilight. Their expression is the decline of Vasilyov’s grandfather’s life - he passes away like the sun, quietly setting over the horizon. And the sunflowers bend over it, foreshadowing the future sunrise. Only this requires someone's effort.
Komsomol member Vasil goes to the city and returns from there on a tractor, greeted by the entire village.
Somewhere near the sun, its rising, its birth and rebirth. But for this to happen, an atoning sacrifice of a savior is needed. A shot, death, funeral... And - the sun, here it trembles in every drop of moisture, here it splashes with the bright heavenly joy of a given, newly revived life. The earth has been saved, the human race has been revived again - there is no end to this magic.
But the Bolshevik here is not a political titan; it is not he who wins, but life itself, drawing the Bolshevik into its whirlpool. The poetry of the earth, the soil on which the human race is raised, prevails here. Dov-zhenko won as an artist. He remains with us as a man of the Renaissance in the true sense of the word, not dimmed by its applied use, as a frantic artist, obsessed with a powerful desire to renew human life. Let it not be renewed, let it again fall into darkness, gloom and horror. We still believe... And is it possible not to believe when you watch these jubilant, victorious shots of “Earth” again and again? Despite everything, the person is beautiful. Dovzhenko never doubted this.
(Before S. Trimbachu)