International public organizations for nature conservation. Sayings and aphorisms about nature Defensive speech in favor of nature

According to the sun, daisies, Will find time for songs, Through the sky, forget-me-nots, Will give bread for the road Our childhood passes And will help put on the leg Simple, like a miracle. In a silver stirrup. The wind is laughing in the meadows, Even if the clouds are somewhere menacing, Birds are fussing in the groves, Hanging over the flowers. And Friends gargle, before it’s too late, In the crimson dawn. May we all be friends. Let's fly a balloon, like a miracle, And the globe is similar. Take care of our planet So let the one who is older, For the sun of daisies, Help the younger one. For the sky, forget-me-nots.

1 cubic meter of dirty water spoils 10 cubic meters of clean water. The waste that enters the planet's water bodies every year can fill freight trains.

My young friends! We are the masters of our nature, and for us it is a storehouse of the sun with great treasures of life. Not only must these treasures be protected, they must be opened and shown. Fish need clean water - we will protect our water bodies. There are various valuable animals in the forests, steppes, and mountains - we will protect our forests, steppes, and mountains. For fish - water, for birds - air, for animals - forest, steppe, mountains. But a person needs a homeland. And protecting nature means protecting the homeland. M. Prishvin

Speaker's Memo Prepare carefully: think about the content (what to talk about, what examples to use). Determine the purpose of the speech. Don't say anything fancy. Thoughts should be simple and clear. Don't speak quickly, don't be afraid of pauses. Don't wave your arms unnecessarily. Remember that the main thing for a speaker is the attention of the listeners. The speech should be interesting.

Features of an appeal speech: the purpose of such a speech is to convince the audience, call to action); features of the composition: introduction, which sets the theme; the main part, designed to convince the listener; conclusion calling for action; linguistic features: incentive sentences, rhetorical questions, addresses to the interlocutor, evaluative vocabulary, repetitions of words, etc.

How many forests have been cut down on Earth in the last 10 years? How many hectares of forest are destroyed by fire every year? How many harmful substances are contained in car exhaust gases? How many harmful substances enter the water bodies of our planet every year? What is necessary for a speech to take place? Who is a speaker?

Protecting nature means protecting the Motherland.
(Prishvin M. M.)

He who does not love nature does not love man, is not a citizen.
(Dostoevsky F. M.)

All the best in nature belongs to everyone together.
(Petronius)

The power of nature is great.
(Cicero)

Nature perfects everything.
(Lucretius)

Established by nature itself.
(Seneca)

The woman who gives birth is closest to nature: on one side she is even nature itself, and on the other hand, she is man himself.
(Prishvin M. M.)

Great things are done with great means. Nature alone does great things for nothing.
(Herzen A.I.)

In nature, everything is wisely thought out and arranged, everyone should mind their own business, and in this wisdom lies the highest justice of life.
(Leonardo da Vinci)

The study and observation of nature gave birth to science.
(Cicero)

There is nothing useless in nature.
(Michel Montaigne)

Nature has taken care of everything so much that everywhere you find something to learn.
(Leonardo da Vinci)

For others, nature is firewood, coal, ore, or a summer house, or just a landscape. For me, nature is the environment from which, like flowers, all our human talents grew.
(Prishvin M. M.)

Nature provides enough to satisfy natural needs.
(Seneca)

Let us not... be too deluded by our victories over nature. For every such victory she takes revenge on us.
(Engels F.)

There is nothing more inventive than nature.
The wisdom of nature is amazing, which, with such endless diversity, managed to equalize everyone!
(Erasmus of Rotterdam)

So, drive this fear out of the soul and dispel the darkness
Should not be the rays of the sun and not the light of daylight,
But nature itself is in its appearance and internal structure.
Here we take the following position as a basis:
Nothing is created out of nothing by divine will.
This means that death means nothing and does not matter to us,
If mortal there must certainly be a spirit nature.
(Lucretius)

Nature itself has it that way.
(Livy)

Progress is the law of nature.
(Voltaire)

All the aspirations and efforts of nature are completed by man; They strive towards it, they fall into it, like into the ocean.
(Herzen A.I.)

There is nothing more orderly than nature.
(Cicero)

Nature can be conquered only by obeying its laws.
(Bacon F.)

Nature is like a woman who, showing from under her clothes first one part of her body, then another, gives persistent admirers some hope of someday recognizing all of her.
(Diderot D.)

There is nothing more beautiful than a well-cultivated field.
(Cicero)

All nature strives for self-preservation.
(Cicero)

Nature is never mistaken... Nature hates any counterfeit, and the best thing is that which is not distorted by either science or art.)
(Erasmus of Rotterdam)

Custom could not overcome nature, for it always remains undefeated.
(Cicero)

The tenderness and delight that we experience from contemplating nature is a memory of the time when we were animals, trees, flowers, earth. More precisely: this is the consciousness of unity with everything, hidden from us by time.
(Tolstoy L.N.)

A valley, a little quiet water and a ray of sunset - the simplest things, the most ordinary, the most precious.
(Ruskin D.)

That’s why we rejoice when we find ourselves in nature, because here we come to our senses.
(Prishvin M. M.)

Nature and art, material and creation. Even beauty must be helped: even beauty will appear as ugliness if it is not decorated with art, which removes flaws and polishes virtues. Nature leaves us to the mercy of fate - let's resort to art! Without it, even an excellent nature will remain imperfect. He who has no culture has half the merits. A person who has not gone through a good school always smacks of rudeness; he needs to polish himself, striving for perfection in everything.
(Gracian y Morales)

It seems that as humanity subjugates nature, man becomes a slave of other people or a slave of his own meanness.
(Marx K.)

Nature will act on us with all its strength only when we bring our human element into the feeling of it, when our state of mind, our love, our joy or sadness comes into full harmony with nature and it will no longer be possible to separate the freshness of the morning from the light of our loved ones eyes and the measured noise of the forest from thinking about the life lived.
(Paustovsky K. G.)

Nature does not accept jokes; she is always truthful, always serious, always strict; she is always right; mistakes and delusions come from people.
(Goethe I.)

Contact with nature is the very last word of all progress, science, reason, common sense, taste and excellent manners.
(Dostoevsky F. M.)

Man's natural inclination is directed toward what is in accordance with nature.
(Cicero)

Heaven and earth are durable. Heaven and earth are durable because they do not exist for themselves. This is why they can be durable.
(Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching)

Heaven and Earth are separate, but they do the same thing.(Confucius)

- Why sit like that for nothing? Nobody will feed you for free.
Water does not flow under a lying stone.
(G.P. Danilevsky “The Ninth Wave”)

- Reader, loving the truth,
I’ll say something to the fable, and not on my own –
It is not in vain that people say:
Don't spit in the well, it will come in handy
Drink some water.
(I.A. Krylov. “The Lion and the Mouse”)

Regional stage of the All-Russian competition

“My small homeland - nature, culture, ethnicity”

Nomination “Publicism in defense of nature and culture”

Stop it, man!

(In defense of nature)

Head: Kuznechenkova M.N.

On the threshold of the coming 2012, however, as at the turn of any dates, every reasonable person on our planet asks the question: “In which direction is humanity moving - towards Reason, general welfare and prosperity, or towards anti-reason, degradation and destruction?” Over the past few decades, science and industrial technology have made unprecedented leaps forward. Never before has technology developed at such a pace. They say laziness is the engine of progress. Widespread automation and computerization, of course, greatly simplifies human life. But does this always benefit him? The number of enterprises that has sharply increased in a relatively short period of time has a negative impact on the nature around us: emissions into the atmosphere, pollution of the world's oceans, pollution, depletion, soil weathering, deforestation, etc.... How and when will indifference to nature respond to a person? Listen!

Against the background of reports regularly appearing in the media about all kinds of cataclysms, natural disasters and man-made disasters in the world, the conclusion would seem to be clear. It turns out (according to news agencies) that humanity is confidently marching towards the abyss? News blocks almost daily bring us messages about new human casualties - earthquakes, tsunamis, tornadoes, mudflows, volcanic eruptions, snowfalls and icing, freezing rains - what else will nature come up with to make humanity understand that it’s time to stop and think?

Stay…

Think about it...

Where, to what goal, is all of humanity and each of us individually in such a hurry? He rushes, forgetting about safety, about those who are nearby, forgetting (or not knowing?) about the goal itself, destroying everything around and self-destructing.

Is everything really so hopeless?! Of course not. People are different. This is very good, because there is someone to think about, someone to look around. There will always be people who can and want to help their neighbors, who can and want to understand and explain to themselves and others what is good and what is bad. Now, more than ever, personal responsibility for one’s own destiny, for the destiny of loved ones, for the destiny of one’s country and the entire planet called Earth has increased. And these are not empty words. The situation as a whole can only be changed by each individual changing their lifestyle.

So, what is a happy lifestyle and why is it especially important now? A person is happy when he lives in harmony with nature, without causing harm to anyone or anything. After all, when a person lives as befits his high title of Homosapiens - rationally, consciously, he will never consciously cause harm to either his own kind, or “our smaller brothers” - animals and birds, or the nature around us. A person should treat the plant world wisely: without cutting down huge areas of forest for the sake of pastures for livestock, without blasting the earth with a steel plow, causing pain to it. And this is not a utopia, not empty words! There are remarkably proven no-till farming methods: according to N. Fokin, who invented flat cutters; according to Ovsinsky - observing crop rotation all year round. Masanobu Fukuoka, a Japanese agronomist who began to develop the “do nothing” method on his farm, subsequently significantly influenced the entire Japanese agriculture. B. Malinson founded permaculture, which has spread throughout the world. Permaculture is a design system whose goal is to organize the space occupied by people based on ecologically appropriate patterns. To do this, permaculture studies the interaction of plants, animals, soil, topography, climate, and infrastructure to create wise land use. The whole world knows the revolutionary agrarian Sepp Holzer, an Austrian who created a permaculture school on his 74 hectares. All these methods are practiced without the use of pesticides, which means they do not harm either humans or the soil.

Nowadays there is a lot of talk about spirituality and the revival of culture. Remember the connection between man and nature, remember that we are children of nature, and therefore we must love, honor and take care of it. Is it worth talking about the importance of clean water on Earth? The basis of life on our planet is water. Everyone knows that an adult is 70% water and a child is 80%. Without water, the entire living world will perish. For example, it is known that a person can live from 40 to 70 days without food, but only a few days without water. Neither a person, nor an animal, nor a bird, nor a plant can live without water. At all times, water is the criterion for everything! What kind of spirituality can we talk about when even in the center of Tula, despite the stormy protest of local residents (collection of signatures, a rally in defense of the source), local authorities decided to build an entertainment center in its place (!)

This year my family discovered a spring vein on the site - and this is wonderful, because now we will have our own clean spring water. My grandmother Sveta told me that quite recently, just two generations ago, in her childhood, village residents could easily drink water from the river. And now? The air and water are polluted to the extreme; we have already reached the point where we buy bottled water in the store, not trusting either natural or, especially, tap water. And this is already considered normal.

What does this mean? About the fact that when our ancestors lived, they treated nature more wisely and more carefully, and, therefore, were healthier and more resilient. We should follow their example!

Life has become very difficult now: the number of illnesses from various serious illnesses has increased, children are born with congenital defects, and the number of healthy children is steadily decreasing. We see this at school and when we come to the clinic. Allergies and bronchial asthma are the most common childhood diseases. Adults suffer from cardiovascular diseases. What to do, what to do? Is salvation really only in the development of medicine? I think no. The habit of healthy and proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle should be instilled from childhood. It should become natural and necessary, like breathing.

The situation can and should be changed for the better. Even if not immediately, little by little, but every person should take an active part in improving the health of our planet and themselves. If, of course, he is interested in a healthy and reliable future. It is within our power not to litter our own personal environment. Promote environmental views among friends and acquaintances. You need to start small. Love for the homeland begins with the inability to throw a bottle or a plastic bag in the forest; with the understanding that you cannot throw an energy-saving lamp into ordinary household trash, since it contains mercury. Treat every stream, every river as your own personal source of drinking water. Clean up your front garden, garden, vegetable garden, then around the house - and a little further. Stop being indifferent.

I would really like to see chemical, fuel, and all kinds of explosive, fire, and radioactive enterprises, which so terribly pollute our common air, water and soil, be closed.

I believe that if EVERY person takes small, basic actions to improve the health of our planet every day, then an improvement in the environmental situation in the world will be guaranteed. This means that the health of the population will improve; there will be more tanned, barefoot children who are not afraid of colds; the production of environmentally friendly food will increase - life will become much easier! (If this happens, which I sincerely hope for, then the end of the world can be postponed indefinitely!)

When I finish school, I plan to enter the Timiryazev Academy at the Faculty of Landscape Design. Help nature, teach people to understand it, live in harmony with it; feel each plant the way we feel and understand a loved one. Healthy plant, healthy nature - healthy person! Healthy physically, morally, spiritually. My dream is to decorate the human environment with my creativity, to make it intelligent, viable, self-renewing.

I am for a healthy ecology on planet Earth!

Over the past centuries, humanity has made an unprecedented technological leap. Technologies have emerged that can significantly change the world. If earlier human influence on nature could not upset the fragile ecological balance, then new ingenious inventions allowed him to achieve this unfortunate result. As a result, many species of animals were destroyed, many living creatures are on the verge of extinction, and large-scale climate changes begin on Earth.

The results of human activity cause such monstrous damage to the environment that more and more people are beginning to worry about the future of our planet. As a result of the growing concern, numerous public conservation organizations have emerged. Today they operate everywhere, monitor the preservation of the unique natural heritage, uniting millions of enthusiasts around the globe. But this was not always the case; the pioneers of the environmental movement traveled a long way to achieve the current state of affairs.

The Birth of Nature Conservation Organizations

The beginning of the creation of the international environmental community can be considered in 1913, when the first International Conference on nature conservation was held in Switzerland. 18 countries took part in it, but the meeting was of a purely scientific nature, not implying any action. Ten years later, the first International Congress on the Protection of Nature takes place in Paris. Then the International Bureau for the Protection of Nature opened in Belgium. However, it did not try to somehow influence the environmental situation in the world, but simply collected statistical data on nature reserves and environmental legislation.

Then, in 1945, it was created which took environmental cooperation between states to a whole new level. In 1948, a special branch was created at the UN - the International Council for the Defense of Nature. It was he who was responsible for international partnerships in environmental protection. Scientists suddenly began to understand that it was impossible to solve environmental problems at the level of one country, because an ecosystem is a delicate mechanism full of non-obvious, intricate relationships. A change in the natural balance in one place on the planet can have a catastrophic effect on other, seemingly very distant places. The need to jointly solve environmental problems has become obvious.

Further development

Subsequently, the international one became one of the most important topics for discussion at major scientific and cultural events. In 1972, Sweden hosted the UN Conference on the Environment, in which 113 countries took part. It was at this event that the foundations of the modern nature conservation movement were laid. This day has become an international holiday - World Environment Day.

Then came years of stagnation in the environmental movement, when public environmental organizations began to receive less and less funding, and the popularity of their ideas began to wane. But in the early 1980s, the situation began to change for the better, resulting in the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Brazil. This event took place in Rio de Janeiro and continued the work begun in Sweden. At the conference, basic concepts were adopted that touch on the topic of the further harmonious development of humanity. The sustainable development model discussed in Rio offers a completely new perspective on the further development of human civilization. It involves controlled development within certain limits so as not to harm the environment. The conference in Brazil outlined the activities of environmental organizations up to the present day.

Our days

Today, society is greatly alarmed by changes in the environment caused by human activity. Many countries have passed a number of laws to control it, and organizations such as Greenpeace or the World Wildlife Fund have gained millions of supporters around the world. Almost every more or less large country has representative offices of international environmental organizations. Online communities and thematic sites allow you to get quick and convenient access to information related to ecology. The Internet also makes it possible to coordinate the efforts of people all over the planet - here everyone can make a contribution to protecting the environment.

Science also does not stand still; new inventions are constantly appearing, bringing the era of environmentally friendly energy closer. Many countries have begun to actively use natural energy: wind, water, geothermal, solar, etc. Of course, man-made emissions have not decreased, and corporations are still mercilessly exploiting nature for profit. But the general interest in the environmental problem allows us to hope for a bright future. Let's look at the largest public environmental organizations.

"Greenpeace"

The Greenpeace organization is by far the most popular environmental company on Earth. It appeared thanks to enthusiasts opposing uncontrolled nuclear weapons testing. The first members of Greenpeace, who were also its founders, managed to get the Americans to stop nuclear testing in the area of ​​Amchitka Island. Further protests led to France also stopping nuclear weapons testing, and other countries later joined in.

Despite the fact that Greenpeace was created to protest against nuclear testing, its activities are not limited to this. Members of the organization hold protests around the world to protect our planet from suicidal and stupid human activities. Thus, Greenpeace activists were able to stop the cruel hunt for whales, which was carried out on an industrial scale back in the last century.

Modern protests of this unusual organization are aimed at combating air pollution. Despite the fact that the harm that emissions from factories and factories cause to the atmosphere has been proven, corporations and their unscrupulous owners do not care deeply about all life on this planet, they only care about profit. Therefore, Greenpeace activists are holding their actions to stop the barbaric attitude towards the environment. Sadly, it is likely that their protests will never be heard.

World Wildlife Fund

There are a wide variety of conservation organizations. The list of non-governmental organizations would be incomplete without mentioning the World Wildlife Fund. This organization operates in more than 40 countries around the world. In terms of the number of supporters, the Wildlife Foundation is even ahead of Greenpeace. Millions of people support their ideas, many of them fight for the preservation of all forms of life on earth, not only in word, but also in deed; more than 1000 environmental projects around the world are excellent proof of this.

Like many other public conservation organizations, the World Wildlife Fund has its primary mission on Earth. Members of this environmental organization are trying to protect animals from the harmful influence of humans.

UN Environment Program

Of course, public and state environmental protection organizations are headed by the United Nations. It is this that is of the most large-scale nature. Almost every UN meeting addresses issues of the environment and international cooperation in improving the environmental situation on the planet. The branch dealing with environmental issues is called UNEP. Its tasks include monitoring pollution of the atmosphere and the world's oceans and preserving species diversity.

This system of environmental protection does its job not only in words; many important international laws designed to protect the environment were adopted precisely thanks to the UN. UNEP was able to achieve more thorough monitoring of the transport of hazardous substances, and a commission was created that monitors and tries to stop this scourge.

Russian nature conservation organizations

Some international environmental movements have been described above. Now let's look at what organizations are involved in nature conservation in Russia. Despite the fact that the popularity of domestic environmental organizations is significantly lower than that of their international colleagues, these societies still perform their function and attract new enthusiasts.

The All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation is a large and influential organization dealing with environmental problems in the Russian Federation. It performs many different tasks, one of the main ones is promoting knowledge about ecology to the masses, educating people, and drawing attention to environmental problems. VOOP is also engaged in scientific activities and monitors compliance with environmental legislation.

The All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation was created back in 1924. The fact that this organization was able to survive to this day, while increasing its number to three million people, shows the genuine interest of people in the environmental problem. There are other Russian associations of environmentalists, but VOOP is by far the largest all-Russian environmental organization.

Nature Conservation Team

The Nature Conservation Team was created in 1960 and continues its work to this day. Moreover, some of the major Russian universities joined this organization and created their own squads. Today, DOP is engaged in the same activities as other environmental organizations in Russia. They carry out explanatory work, trying to improve the education of citizens in the environmental sphere. In addition, the nature conservation team organizes protests against the destruction of wild places in Russia, helps in the fight against forest fires and makes its contribution to science.

The future of environmental organizations

There are a wide variety of environmental organizations, a list of some of their non-governmental representatives is as follows:

1. World Wildlife Fund.
2. "Greenpeace".
3. United Nations Program (UNEP).
4. World Society for the Protection of Animals.
5. Global Nest.

The number of such associations is growing every year, they are gaining more and more popularity. This is not surprising, since the consequences of barbaric expansion carried out by man are becoming more and more noticeable. Scientists and public figures, like most people on Earth, have long realized that something needs to be changed before we turn our planet into a lifeless dump. Of course, today the opinions of people are not significant in any of the existing states, which allows industrial magnates to continue their dirty business, taking advantage of impunity and their own shortsightedness.

However, there is still hope for a bright future. With the advent of the Internet, non-governmental environmental organizations have the opportunity to conduct their educational activities with millions of people. Now everyone who is concerned about the environment can communicate with like-minded people and get any necessary information about the environment; it has become much easier to unite supporters and coordinate protests. Of course, most people are still victims of years of propaganda that paint the green movement in an unsavory light. However, the situation can change at any second, because environmental organizations have become a force to be reckoned with.

What can be done to protect nature?

Loud speeches about protecting the environment and preserving species diversity can excite the minds of young enthusiasts. But, unfortunately, this is all that words can do; real benefit to nature can only be brought by actions. Of course, you can find out which organizations are involved in environmental protection in your city and plunge headlong into their useful activities. This path is not suitable for everyone, so it is best to start saving nature by stopping destroying and polluting it with your own hands.

Everyone has at least once seen beautiful forest clearings littered with piles of garbage after someone's stormy vacation. So, before you start nature, you first need to stop harming it. How can you encourage others to care about the environment if you yourself pollute the environment? Garbage collected after a vacation, a fire extinguished in time, trees that you did not kill for firewood - all this is very simple, but brings wonderful results.

If everyone remembers that the Earth is our home, and the fate of all humanity depends on its condition, then the world will be transformed. For those who want to take a more active role in protecting the environment, numerous Russian nature conservation organizations are ready to provide such an opportunity. The era of change has come, today it is decided what we will leave to our descendants - a radioactive landfill or a beautiful green garden. The choice is ours!

The history of the world has already met dozens of specialists in oratory, whose speeches we still remember. The most recent geniuses of this art were Hitler, Khrushchev and other politicians who carried out propaganda performances. More often than not, it is politicians who provide an example of how to properly turn ordinary speech into something more, an element of history. You should know that writing texts for speeches brings money, because the topic of the speech can be any, including making money.

But it is not always the case. For example, the last “powerful” speech was given by Steve Jobs in 2005, and it was not a presentation of a new product. Through oratory, he encouraged Stanford University students to strive for their dreams and to look for opportunities in life's failures. Using speech techniques, Jobs touched on vital topics, winning over the audience, and the speech went down in history.

For some, this is a hobby, while others study elocution so that the presentation will receive the highest marks and be useful.

“Sometimes life hits you over the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved it. You need to find what you love. And this is as true for work as it is for relationships. Your work will fill most of your life, and the only way to be completely satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great things is to love what you do. If you haven't found your business yet, look for it. Do not stop. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know it when you find it. And like any good relationship, it gets better and better over the years. So search until you find it. Do not stop".

“Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't fall into the trap of dogma that tells you to live in other people's thoughts. Don't let the noise of other people's opinions drown out your inner voice. And most importantly: have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you really want to become. Everything else is secondary.”“Stay hungry. Stay reckless."

If you analyze any speech of Steve Jobs, you will notice that it resembles a conversation - it is very understandable, natural and relaxed. Constant pauses, which are an integral part of speech, add emotionality to the text.

Despite the fact that this speech is considered one of the best delivered in modern times, some experts believe that Jobs lacks the correct gestures and body movements and the speech is not the limit of oratory. But we should not forget that for this person this was not an activity, rather it was a hobby and responsibilities as the owner of the company. By the way, the presentation of new technology always looked very exciting.

Where can you find this art?

Yes, almost everywhere, in everyday life we ​​are constantly surrounded by such moments. Sports, friendships or any other part of your life is filled with them. You may not always remember this, but if sport is a part of your life, then where do you look for motivation? That's right, in the words of athletes when they talk in public about their results. Sports, like business or war, require motivation.

What does oratory consist of?

If the topic of eloquence is a hobby for you, then you don’t need to delve too deeply into the intricacies, but you should know the main components of a good speech.

• Preparation. The key to a successful performance directly depends on your preparation for it. The clothes in which the performance will take place require careful selection.

It is important for a girl not to wear a lot of makeup and have a modest appearance. This will position the audience and will not distract attention.

It is important for men to look neat and ironed. Show success and confidence, otherwise the listener may simply not attach due importance to the words.

You need to pay attention to elements depending on your audience. After all, for businessmen, money and the high cost of style will be an important element. For schoolchildren or students, a simpler and more relaxed look is suitable.

• Introduction. You can start with a life story or an unusual phrase that should hook the listener. This technique is called a "hook". The Steve Jobs speech we talked about above had a hook in the form of a joke.

Always use pauses between main parts of speech. This helps you digest what was said and at the same time you can see people's reactions.

The art of oratory is based on the ability to draw images, but only the right images. It has to be something that can be specifically represented, and if it involves numbers, then it needs to be used on slides or translated into something that can be visually measured.

• Main part. Of course, there are no specific rules for the main part, but a couple of tips can be given. Break up your speech in a logical way so that it is clear where you transition into another part of the speech.

Don’t make your speech a monologue, otherwise the listeners will simply get bored and feel like guests. Ask rhetorical or direct questions, draw someone from the audience into a conversation, or call them on stage. Ask to do some task. Speak with energy.

• Conclusion. You can end your speech with a beautiful phrase or take a step back. There is no need to drag out the conclusion and say something else.

You can emphasize the main thing from the speech and begin to lower the tone at the end. Then everyone will understand that the performance is over. The art of concisely and clearly ending a speech requires mandatory practice.

• Personal examples and stories. Now it is difficult to surprise with some facts or insert into the text of the main part something completely new for the target audience.

Therefore, personal stories are on a par with pauses and images in the fundamentals of the art of successful speaking. Let's say if you are a businessman, then it would be good to tell how you made your first money. By telling a story from your life, you bring the viewer closer to you, giving you the opportunity to imagine themselves in your place. And if you write your speech correctly, then you can integrate key points into the story and convey the necessary information to the viewer.

Genre of speech

Oratory is divided into types and a person can delve into any genre. Here are the main directions of this art:

• scientific genre;
• political;
• judicial speech;
• church genre;
• other types of eloquence.

Money as the goal of oratory

Currently, trainings and seminars discussing the topic of how to make money have flooded the Internet. In fact, the Internet contributed to this. It opened up opportunities for earning money, and therefore for learning. After all, before, the main source of independent learning was the book.

An example of millionaires' speeches at universities or online seminars on the Internet - all this relates to business topics where the main goal is to make money. The purpose of these speeches is to motivate the listener, charge them with emotions and the desire to do something. All this is driven by the desire to have a lot of money and be independent. A good way to convert knowledge of oratory into money is to open a school for the practice and study of eloquence.

Judicial speech

Judicial speech as a genre came to us from ancient Greece. Due to population growth, politicians studied oratory, and judicial speech was of great importance at that time. A politician's fate could be decided by his ability to speak in public. In Greece, training in this skill took place and they paid a lot of money for it.

Since in the courts at that time everyone had to defend himself, citizens who had money paid logographers for the text, and judicial speech allowed them to avoid punishment.

A judicial speech, like any other, consisted of an introduction, a main part and a conclusion. The man thus tried to pity the judges and make them believe that his judicial speech was not fictitious.

Judicial practice in ancient times was the property of the people, and many people gathered at the trial, so it was problematic to speak without proper preparation.

Judicial speech as a genre takes place and develops in modern times and can bring money to professionals. All prosecutors and lawyers prepare the text of their speech in advance; this is what distinguishes a good lawyer. To make a judicial speech impress the judge and jury, rhetorical techniques are used.

Example of Lincoln's speech

In 1863, a few months after the bloody battle, Lincoln delivered the famous Gettysbury Address. There is no need to talk about oratory and the attitude towards professional rhetoric; there simply wouldn’t be enough room for techniques. But the text written by Lincoln made tears flow and touched the soul

The public speech lasted only about two minutes, but history will not forget these two minutes. As a result, this speech was carved on a monument at the Lincoln Memorial.

“Eighty-seven years have passed since our fathers founded on this continent a new nation, born of freedom, and dedicated to proving that all men are born equal.”

“We are now undergoing the great test of civil war, which will decide whether this nation, or any nation like it by birth or calling, is able to stand. We came together on the field where the great battle of this war raged. We have come to consecrate a part of this land - the last refuge of those who gave their lives for the life of this nation. And this in itself is quite appropriate and worthy.”

“But still it is not in our power to consecrate this field, to make it sacred, to spiritualize this land. Thanks to the deeds of the brave men, dead and alive, who fought here, this land is already sacred, and it is not in our humble power to add or subtract anything. What we say here will be only briefly noticed and soon forgotten, but what they did here will never be forgotten. Let us, the living, devote ourselves to the unfinished work that these warriors accomplished here. Let us dedicate ourselves here to the great work that lies ahead of us, and become even more determined to give ourselves to the purpose to which those who fell here gave themselves wholly and to the end. Let us solemnly swear that their deaths will not be in vain, that this God-protected nation will have its freedom restored, and that the government of the people, by the will of the people, for the people will not perish from the face of the earth.”

Historians say that Lincoln decided to write the text for his speech himself, taking as a basis the principle of equality from the Declaration of Independence and relying on the great figures of the past. According to eyewitnesses, the performance was so strong that it made the people believe that all the sacrifices were not in vain, and they were not fighting against other states, but were fighting for the freedom of the people and the future of their native state. Just one text allowed people to unite as a family to resist the enemy.

Example of Chaplin's text

Charlie Chaplin's speech test is called in Russian translation “How I fell in love with myself” and has become our history and the main speech of a person. He said it on his seventieth birthday.

True, there are rumors that in fact the example text could have been written by fans from Brazil. There is no clear evidence that this is the work of Charlie Chaplin, nor is there clear evidence of forgery.

Despite this, the speech on the topic of self-love turned out great and deserves attention - an example that can be used for your own purposes.

“As I began to love myself, I realized that sadness and suffering are only warning signs that I am living against my own truth. Today I know that it is called “BEING YOURSELF.”

When I fell in love with myself, I realized how much you can offend someone if you impose on him the fulfillment of my own desires, when the time has not yet come, and the person is not yet ready, and this person is myself. Today I call it “SELF-RESPECT”.

When I fell in love with myself, I stopped wanting a different life, and suddenly I saw that the life that surrounds me now provides me with every opportunity for growth. Today I call it “MATURITY”.

As I began to love myself, I realized that no matter what the circumstances, I am in the right place at the right time, and everything happens at exactly the right moment. I can always be calm. Now I call it “SELF CONFIDENCE.”

As I began to love myself, I stopped stealing my own time and dreaming about big future projects. Today I only do what brings me joy and makes me happy, what I love and what makes my heart smile. I do it the way I want and at my own pace. Today I call it SIMPLICITY.

When I fell in love with myself, I freed myself from everything that harms my health - food, people, things, situations. Everything that brought me down and took me away from my own path. Today I call it “SELF-LOVE.”

When I began to love myself, I stopped always being right. And that’s when I started making fewer and fewer mistakes. Today I realized that this is “HUMILITY”.

When I fell in love with myself, I stopped living in the past and worrying about the future. Today I live only in the present moment and call it “SATISFACTION”.

When I began to love myself, I realized that my mind could interfere with me, that it could even make me sick. But when I was able to connect him to my heart, he immediately became a valuable ally. Today I call this connection “WISDOM OF THE HEART.”

We no longer need to be afraid of disputes, confrontations, problems with ourselves and with other people. Even stars collide, and new worlds are born from their collisions.Today I know that this is “LIFE”.

Churchill's public speech (part)

Churchill was a master at writing speeches. A speech on a military topic in 1940 left no one indifferent and provides an example to follow.

“I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We are facing a severe test. We face many long months of struggle and suffering. You ask, what is our policy? I answer: to wage war by sea, land and air, with all our might and with all the strength that God can bestow upon us; to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, the like of which has never been equaled in the dark and sorrowful record of human crimes.

This is our policy. What is our goal, you ask? I can answer in one word: victory - victory at any cost, victory despite all the horrors; victory, no matter how long and thorny the path to it may be; without victory we will not survive. It is necessary to understand: the British Empire will not be able to survive - everything for which it existed will perish, everything that humanity has defended for centuries, what it has strived for for centuries, and what it will strive for will perish. However, I accept my responsibilities with energy and hope. I am sure that people will not let our cause die.

Now I feel the right to demand help from everyone, and I say: “Let’s go forward together, combining our forces.”

Churchill was able to write this text using the art of eloquence. What made this text historic was its directness and honesty of expression.

A month after the speech, England's ally was defeated and captured by the Germans; he wrote another text on this topic and delivered it. Parts of his speech should be found and read, this is a good example if you want to write a speech or your goal is to give a class presentation.

Sports, friendship, family, hobbies - these are topics on which you can write professional texts and use public speaking. Examples or parts of oratorical texts can be found on the Internet or seen on television. This should be done if you want to write a text that is good for reading and speaking. A book about public speaking will also contribute to learning, reading specialized literature has improved my ability to conduct a dialogue correctly, thanks to which friendships with people have become stronger, and a recent hobby has begun to pay dividends.