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Control of deviant behavior presentation. Presentation "deviant behavior of adolescents"

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Life appeared on earth when much of it was already established. Seasonal and daily rhythms were established, winter replaced summer, day - night. Within the constant periodic events, others arose - everyday and unpredictable. Living organisms had to learn to live in the world of these events or disappear. In the process of evolution, various ways of adapting living beings to changing environmental conditions and various forms of behavior have been developed. Some, which arose first, regulate the actions of the body according to a strictly defined program: irritation - response. They are inherited. Other forms of behavior are acquired by each organism independently as a result of learning and intelligent activity.

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Behavior is a set of actions carried out by a living organism in the process of interaction with the environment. To date, the most advanced model of the structure of behavior is set out in the concept of the functional system of P.K. Anokhina. Pyotr Kuzmich Anokhin (1898 – 1974) - academician, Soviet physiologist.

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“A functional system is a unit of integrative activity of the whole organism. It selectively involves and combines structures and processes to perform any clearly defined act of behavior or body function.” In other words, it is a dynamic organization in which the interaction of all its constituent parts is aimed at obtaining a specific adaptive result that is beneficial for the organism as a whole. PC. Anokhin extended the content of this concept to the structure of any purposeful behavior.

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There are two types of functional systems. 1. Functional systems of the first type ensure the constancy of certain constants of the internal environment through a system of self-regulation, the links of which do not extend beyond the boundaries of the organism itself. An example is a functional system for maintaining constant blood pressure, body temperature, etc. Such a system, using various mechanisms, automatically compensates for emerging shifts in the internal environment.2. Functional systems of the second type use an external link of self-regulation. They provide an adaptive effect by going beyond the body through communication with the outside world, through changes in behavior. It is the functional systems of the second type that underlie various behavioral acts, various types of behavior.

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According to P.K. Anokhin, the physiological architecture of a behavioral act is built from the following stages successively replacing each other: afferent synthesis, decision-making, acceptor of action results, efferent synthesis, action formation, evaluation of the achieved result. Afferent (from the Latin afferens - bringing), carrying to an organ or in him; transmitting impulses from the working organs to the nerve center. Efferent (from the Latin efferens - efferent), carrying out, ejecting, transmitting impulses from the nerve centers to the working organs. Acceptor (from the Latin acceptor - receiving).

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1. A behavioral act of any degree of complexity begins with the stage of afferent synthesis. Excitation caused by an external stimulus does not act in isolation. It certainly interacts with other afferent excitations that have a different functional meaning. The brain continuously processes all signals coming through numerous sensory channels. And only as a result of the synthesis of these afferent excitations are conditions created for the implementation of certain goal-directed behavior. The content of afferent synthesis is determined by the influence of several factors: - motivational arousal, - situational and triggering afferentation, - memory.

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Motivational arousal appears in the central nervous system as a result of one or another vital, social or ideal need. Motivational arousal is a necessary component of any behavior. Its role in the formation of afferent synthesis is determined by the fact that any incoming information is correlated with the currently dominant motivational excitation, which acts as a filter that selects what is most necessary for a given motivational setting. Dominant motivation as the primary system-forming factor determines all subsequent stages of brain activity in the formation of behavioral programs. The useful result of a certain behavioral act is the satisfaction of a need, i.e. decreased level of motivation.

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External stimuli with their different functional meaning in relation to a given, specific organism also contribute to afferent synthesis. There are two classes of stimuli with the functions of triggering and situational afferentation. Conditioned and unconditioned stimuli are key stimuli that serve as an impetus for the deployment of a certain behavior or a separate behavioral act. These stimuli have a triggering function. The pattern of arousal created by biologically significant stimuli in sensory systems is trigger afferentation. However, the ability of trigger stimuli to initiate behavior is not absolute. It depends on the environment and conditions in which they operate. Situational afferentation creates latent arousal that can be detected as soon as the trigger stimulus acts. The physiological meaning of triggering afferentation is that, revealing the hidden excitation created by situational afferentation, it timed it to certain moments in time, the most appropriate from the point of view of behavior itself.

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Afferent synthesis also includes the use of the memory apparatus. It is obvious that the functional role of triggering and environmental stimuli is to a certain extent already determined by the past experience of the animal. This is both specific memory and individual memory acquired as a result of training. At the stage of afferent synthesis, exactly those fragments of past experience that are useful and necessary for future behavior are extracted and used from memory.

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2. Completion of the afferent synthesis stage is accompanied by a transition to the decision-making stage, which determines the type and direction of behavior. The decision-making stage is realized through a special and very important stage of the behavioral act - the formation of an acceptor apparatus for the results of the action. This is a device that programs the results of future events. It updates the innate and individual memory of animals and humans in relation to the properties of external objects that can satisfy the emerging need, as well as methods of action aimed at achieving or avoiding the target object. Often this device is programmed with the entire search path for corresponding stimuli in the external environment.

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It is assumed that the acceptor of action results is represented by a network of interneurons covered by a ring interaction. Excitation, once in this network, continues to circulate in it for a long time. Thanks to this mechanism, long-term retention of the goal as the main regulator of behavior is achieved. It is assumed that the acceptor of action results is represented by a network of interneurons covered by a ring interaction. Excitation, once in this network, continues to circulate in it for a long time. Thanks to this mechanism, long-term retention of the goal as the main regulator of behavior is achieved. Before goal-directed behavior begins to be carried out, another stage of the behavioral act develops - the stage of the action program or efferent synthesis. At this stage, the integration of somatic and vegetative arousals into a holistic behavioral act occurs. This stage is characterized by the fact that the action has already been formed, but outwardly it is not yet realized.

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4. The next stage is the actual implementation of the behavior program. Efferent excitation reaches the actuators, and the action is carried out. Thanks to the apparatus of the acceptor of action results, in which the goal and methods of behavior are programmed, the body has the opportunity to compare them with incoming afferent information about the results and parameters of the action being performed, i.e. with reverse afferentation. It is the results of the comparison that determine the subsequent construction of behavior, either it is corrected, or it stops, as in the case of achieving the final result. Consequently, if the signaling of a completed action fully matches the prepared information contained in the action acceptor, then the search behavior ends. In the case when the results of an action do not coincide with the acceptor of the action and their mismatch occurs, the afferent synthesis is rebuilt, a new decision is made, a new acceptor of the results of the action is created and a new program of actions is built.

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4. The behavioral act ends with the last authorizing stage - the satisfaction of the need. Thus, in the concept of a functional system, the most important key stage determining the development of behavior is the identification of the goal of behavior. Goal-directed behavior is the search for a target object that satisfies a need. According to the theory of the functional system, although behavior is based on the reflex principle, it cannot be defined as a sequence or chain of reflexes. Behavior differs from a set of reflexes by the presence of a special structure, which includes programming as a mandatory element, which performs the function of a proactive reflection of reality. Constant comparison of the results of behavior with these programming mechanisms, updating the content of the programming itself determines the purposefulness of behavior.

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References: Physiology of higher nervous activity / H.H. Danilova, A.L. Krylova. - Rostov n/d: “Phoenix”, 2005. - 478, p. - (Moscow State University textbooks) Atlas of normal human physiology (http://formedik.narod.ru/physiology_rus_1.htm)http://www.psychologos.ru/Behaviorhttp://www.galactic.org.ua/Prostranstv/anoxin- 1.htmhttp://e-dr.ru/term36230.htmlhttp://meduniver.com/Medical/Video/439.html

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1. The concept of “deviant behavior” 2. Reasons for the appearance of deviant behavior 3. types of deviant behavior 4. Forms of deviant behavior Plan: 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

“There is only the wrong way, but there is no hopeless situation.” Chinese proverb 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

Social norms prescriptions requirements wishes Expectation of appropriate behavior 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

Functions of social norms 1. As standards of behavior (responsibilities, rules) 2. As expectations of behavior (reaction of other people) 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SVO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

definition Deviation (from Latin deviatio - deviation in behavior) behavior that does not comply with the norms, does not correspond to what society expects from a person. 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

reasons biological social psychological 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

causes: biological, social, psychological, hereditary, congenital, and acquired diseases of various kinds, provoking deviations; unfavorable family upbringing; dysfunctional nature of interpersonal relationships with peers and adults; general unfavorable conditions for the sociocultural development of society, features of the emotional-volitional and motivational sphere, features of self-awareness, temperament, character, which create the prerequisites for the formation of deviations in behavior 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

biological causes: UHC lesions; severe somatic diseases of early age; chronic somatic diseases; hereditary predisposition to certain abnormalities (for example, attention deficit disorder, aggravated by alcoholism); neuroses and neuro-like disorders; mental retardation; diseases with an expected fatal outcome; early puberty or its disharmony; defects of analyzers and sensory organs; mental illnesses (schizophrenia, epilepsy). 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

psychological reasons: accentuation (in some cases of a pathological nature), inadequate self-esteem; low self-esteem; deviations in mental development, infantile judgment; emotional instability; aggressiveness; deformations of the need-motivational sphere; increased anxiety, fears; dependence on others, conformity, etc.; lack of feeling of security; awareness of the impossibility of meeting family expectations; inability to cope with the academic load; low level of verbal intelligence; tendency to avoid difficult situations, weak reactions to censure; weakness of self-control and self-regulation functions; affective excitability, impulsivity; lack of expression of school interests, negative attitude towards learning. 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

psychological reasons (consequence of improper upbringing) laziness, lack of desire to study and work; passivity of behavior, indifference to the surrounding life, lack of independence in any type of activity; disorganization, manifested in a tendency to disorganization, opposition, provoking disobedience in others, inability to manage one’s own activity, lack of independence in organizing one’s own activities, or rigid self-organization without taking into account one’s own capabilities; lack of persistence, characterized by the inability to set difficult, distant goals or be guided by them, even if they are set; selfishness, based on the preference in everything for personal interests over the interests of other people and society as a whole; indiscipline; stubbornness, capriciousness; coarseness; deceit. 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

Social reasons (dysfunctional family) lack of attachment to children; quarrels, conflicts, scandals in the family; family breakdown; incorrect type of upbringing in the family (rejection of the child, hypertrophied, anxious-mental, egocentric attitude towards him); antisocial behavior of parents; mental illness, alcoholism and similar forms of intoxication of parents, disability of parents; hostile, harsh family; family lacking care and supervision; the appearance of a new family member (stepfather, stepmother, brothers, sisters); negative perception by parents of the child’s capabilities, his successes, his behavior and personality as a whole; strict requirements to comply with the ideas of parents; inconsistency and inconsistency of requirements for the child; living away from family and losing one (or all) of your parents; large family (more than four people); one of the parents is in prison; restrictions and poor relationships of parents with other people outside the family. 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

Delinquent Addictive Psychopathological Pathocharacterological Based on hyperabilities Types of deviant behavior 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU Vocational Educational Institution "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

Delinquent behavior - Physical force, crime. The differences between delinquent behavior and criminal behavior are similar in the severity of the offenses; this behavior can manifest itself in mischief and a desire to have fun. A teenager, “for company” and out of curiosity, can throw heavy objects from the balcony at passers-by, receiving satisfaction from the accuracy of hitting the “victim”. The basis of delinquent behavior is mental infantilism. 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

Addictive type - the desire to escape from reality by artificially changing one’s mental state by taking certain substances or by constantly fixating attention on certain types of activities in order to develop and maintain intense emotions. They see life as uninteresting and monotonous. Their activity and tolerance to the difficulties of everyday life are reduced; there is a hidden inferiority complex, dependence, anxiety; the desire to tell lies; blame others. 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

Pathocharacterological type of behavior caused by pathological changes in character formed in the process of upbringing. These include so-called personality disorders. Many people have an inflated level of aspirations, tendencies towards dominance and power, stubbornness, resentment, intolerance to opposition, a tendency to self-inflict and search for reasons to discharge affective behavior. 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

Psychopathological type: self-destructive behavior. Aggression is directed towards oneself, inside the person himself. Autodestruction manifests itself in the form of suicidal behavior, drug addiction, and alcoholism. 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

Deviant behavior Positive Negative 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College

The main forms of manifestation of deviant behavior of minors: vagrancy, begging, parasitism, reluctance to study, drug use, alcohol consumption, substance abuse, early onset of sexual activity, hooliganism, smoking, increased aggression, cruelty, vandalism, theft, participation in criminal groups, suicidal behavior, having a criminal record, being brought to the police station, being registered with the KDN 02/19/2013 by Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SVE "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

vagrancy The main reasons for running away are: insufficient supervision; need for entertainment and pleasure; protest reaction to excessive demands or lack of attention; reaction of anxiety and fear of punishment in the timid; n escape due to fantasy. 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

Participation in criminal groups - an object of imitation - a “negative” hero (a real person); -flatters the attention of an adult; the group is formed from boys; attracted to “real adult” life; drunkenness, theft; Girls may also be attracted; 02/19/2013 author Tarasova Marina Sergeevna BOU SPO "Tyukalinsky Industrial Pedagogical College"

DEVIANT BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENTS Teachers: G.A. Greek M.S. Tarasova

Deviant behavior

- behavior in question
most members of society
as reprehensible and
unacceptable; behavior that
is considered a deviation from
generally accepted norms.
Any deviation is relative.
Defining behavior as
deviant depends on time, place
and groups of people.

Dysfunctions of deviation

permanent and widespread
common deviations can
disrupt organized life
society and even undermine it;
deviation undermines readiness
members of society to fulfill their
social roles and contribute
contribution to the functioning
social system

Deviation functions

deviation can enhance
obedience to norms;
due to the emergence of deviations
norms are becoming clearer
expressed
deviation can enhance
group cohesion
deviation may become
catalyst for social
changes

Concepts of deviant behavior

1. Theories of physical types
(biological
concept).
2. Psychoanalytic
theories.
3. Sociological theories.

Theories of physical types

Certain physical personality traits
predetermine the various things she does
deviations from norms.
The Italian doctor C. Lombroso found that
people are predisposed to certain types
behavior according to their biological make-up.
A person's biological predisposition to
crimes are reflected in his appearance.
The criminal type is the result of degradation
to earlier stages of human development. His
distinctive features: sloping forehead,
protruding lower jaw, elongated lobes
ears, sparse beard, excessive hairiness
heads, large fangs, flattened nose,
decreased sensitivity.

Criminal types according to Ch. Lombroso.
A born criminal. Has congenital
anatomical, physiological, psychological
and social characteristics. Commits crimes
consciously. Repentance, remorse
are missing. Cynical, cruel, vindictive, lazy.
Prone to betrayal, orgies, and gambling.
Mentally ill criminal. Breaks the law
unconsciously, due to mental illness.
Criminal by passion. Has an unbalanced
character and violates the law in a state of passion.
Random criminal. Violates the law by force
coincidence, acts thoughtlessly,
situationally.

American psychologist W. Sheldon, working in
rehabilitation center for juvenile delinquents,
compared the types of physical constitution, temperaments
and types of crimes committed and came to the conclusion that
character traits and tendency to deviate determine
constitution of the human body.
He identified three types of body structure:
Ectomorph (Greek ecto - outside, outside). Has a thin
fragile body, extremely sensitive, nervous,
prone to introspection. I am not inclined to break the law.
Endomorph (Greek endo - inside). Has moderate
full, round body, sociable and self-indulgent
desires. You can become a criminal by accident.
Mesomorph (Greek meso - average, intermediate).
Has a strong, muscular body, threshold
sensitivity reduced, active, restless. This type
most prone to crime.

Psychoanalytic theories

Proponents of this approach explain
deviant behavior based on
psychological qualities, character traits,
internal life attitudes,
personality orientations that have
partly innate character, partly
formed by upbringing and environment.
At the same time, the act itself, the violation
law may result
psychological state of the deviant. Yes, Z.
Freud gave a big role to the family and
childhood conditions of the offender. Normal
educational conditions provide a balance of three
personality substructures: “It”, “I”, “super-“I”.

Mental trauma in childhood disrupts
this balance contributes to the exit
aggressive and antisocial impulses.
Incorrect upbringing that did not allow
develop a “super-ego”, leading to dominance
"It" that constantly demands
immediate satisfaction of your desires.
Modern social psychologists
when explaining deviant behavior, they pay
attention to such problems as role
diffusion (imbalance of the acquired sense of “I” and
inability to play fully
appropriate role in society), as well as
identity crisis (assessment of internal
values and reassessment of one’s role).

Sociological theories

1. Theory of anomie (E. Durkheim,
R. Merton, R. Linton).
2. Theories of cultural
transfer (G. Tarde,
E.G. Sutherland).
3. Stigma theory
(G. Becker).

Anomie theory

According to the concept of E. Durkheim, anomie is
state of disorganization of society when
values, norms, social connections or
are absent or become unstable and
contradictory.
In a state of anomie, a contradiction arises
between the stated goals
individual development and the impossibility of their
implementation for the majority.
People cease to understand what is expected of them
society have difficulty in coordinating
their actions with the current norms.
Anomie is the reason
deviation, since it violates stability,
creates disturbances of public order,
the result of which is the emergence of deviations.

Anomie theory

The main cause of deviation according to R. Merton
– gap between individual goals
developments that focus on
society (material well-being), and
practical means of achieving them,
that individuals have. Not all
means are recognized by society as acceptable,
permitted.
R. Merton identified 5 forms
individual's adaptation to social
structure:
1) conformism - respectable behavior
achievement-oriented person
success in life through social
approved funds; This is not a deviation;

Anomie theory

2) innovation – achieving success in life
due to violation of socially approved
norms of behavior and the introduction of new norms,
associated with deviation;
3) ritualism – the individual’s renunciation of goals
life success or significant
reduction of claims; not a deviation;
4) retreatism - refusal of both social
approved goals, and from social
approved standards of behavior; behavior outside
decorum;
5) rebellion, rebellion - refusal of goals approved
society, proposing new goals and norms,
as well as the struggle for their approval; destruction
social system and the establishment of a new one.

Anomie theory

To explain deviation, R. Linton singled out
2 personality types:
normative - a personality whose traits
most fully reflect the culture of a particular
society; the ideal personality of a given culture;
modal – statistically more
common personality type, deviant
from the social ideal.
The more unstable it is
society, the more people there are,
whose social type does not coincide with
normative personality. In stable
societies, on the contrary, cultural pressure on
personality is such that people with their views and
behavior does not break away from the imposed
ideal stereotypes.

Theories of cultural transfer

Imitation theory
The founder is G. Tarde, who argued
what is significant in human behavior
Repetition plays a role.
Criminals, like ordinary people,
imitate the behavior of those they are with
met in life, whom they knew or about
which you have heard. But unlike
law-abiding citizens, they imitate
behavior of criminals.
Young people are becoming
offenders because they communicate with
those teenagers who have criminal
patterns of behavior are already ingrained.

Theories of cultural transfer

Differential association theory
Founder – E. Sutherland –
emphasizes the role of social
interactions in the process of formation
people's views and actions.
Individuals become delinquents
to the extent that they belong
environment that follows deviant ideas and
methods.
The sooner contacts begin
an individual with a criminogenic environment than
they will be more frequent, more intense and longer lasting,
the higher the likelihood that such
the individual will also become a delinquent.

Stigma theory

Founder – G. Becker –
asserts that no action is
in itself criminal. Negativity
action is not determined by its internal
content, but how it is evaluated
those around him and how they react to him.
Deviation is due to the ability
influential groups of society to impose
others certain standards
behavior, the violation of which is considered
deviation. For those who do not comply with these
rules and are labeled as deviants.

Stigma theory

For most people it is common
deviations. While others don't notice it
attention, the person does not consider himself a deviant.
Primary deviation is behavior
violating social norms, but
escaping the attention of influential people.
If influential people find out about these
actions, and label a person
deviant, this can lead to secondary
deviations.
Secondary deviation - deviant
behavior that an individual develops in
response to the sanctions of others.

Forms of deviant behavior

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Crime.
Alcoholism.
Addiction.
Prostitution.
Suicidal
behavior

Crime
Criminals are persons convicted by a court. Judges
perform a stigmatizing function.
Delinquent behavior = criminal.
Delinquency is measured by the amount
crimes or number of convicted
citizens per 100 thousand population - level
crime.
The general trend in the world is an increase in the level of
crime.
Number of convicts in Russia:
in the 70s XX century - 55–65 thousand people per year,
in the 80s - 70–100 thousand, in the 90s - up to 110–120 thousand,
in 2012 exceeded 175 thousand people.

Modern sociologists and criminologists
believe the complete eradication of crime
impossible, because it is generated not only
social environment, but also biological and
psychological nature of criminals
types of people.
The main task of the state is to keep
crime is satisfactory for
society level.
Another form of deviation not related to
serious crimes - crime without
victims - prostitution, drug addiction, gambling.

Prostitution
In developed countries, three
models of social control of prostitution:
prohibitionist, i.e. prohibition and criminal
the pursuit;
legal regulation, including
police and medical supervision;
a combination of persecution and regulation.
In Russia, a model of legal
regulation of prostitution. Provided
fine for prostitution, police
register prostitutes. But not yet
effective medical
control.

Addiction
Registered in 2013 – 630 thousand.
2006: total number of people using
drugs, according to the Federal Drug Control Service - 2 million people.
October 2010 - about 2% are drug addicts
working-age population of Russia reproductive
age. Most of them (about 1.5 million people) are opiate addicts.
2012 - 18 million people (13% of the country’s population)
had experience of using any drugs, up to 3 million
did this regularly.
2014 - drug market in Russia
is 8 million people (regular and
episodic consumption) of which is active
consumed - 3 million
This is a serious threat to health and the gene pool

From the point of view of the sociological approach
the determining factors are social factors:
social conditions, social status,
cultural and religious traditions.
Supporters of the psychological approach to the center
attention is paid to individual factors: receiving
pleasures, pleasures, desire for spirituality
comfort, attempts to avoid real problems.
Biological concepts of addiction explain this
phenomenon based on the physiology of the human body
and its influence on individual behavior.
Main directions of counteraction
drug addiction:
political events
legal and administrative measures
health measures

Alcoholism
Consumption of alcoholic beverages in Russia:
XIX century - 4 liters of absolute alcohol per person per year
1940 - 2.2 liters per person per year
1960 - 3.8 liters per person per year
1970 - 6.6;
1980 - 8.5 l.
1990 - 5.3 liters per person per year
1995 - 4.0 l.
Currently producing and selling
strong alcoholic drinks has stabilized,
the purchase of sugar by the population has decreased sharply
beer consumption increased. All this
corresponds to global trends.

According to the “Analysis of the vodka and liquor market
products" (BusinesStat), retail sales of vodka and alcoholic beverages in
Russia in 2010 amounted to 1.67 billion liters, (approx. 12
liters per capita per year).
In a report by experts published in
British medical journal The Lancet in January
2014, it is stated that the average
a Russian drinks 20 liters of vodka a year (a Briton drinks
about 3).
Based on the results of 2013 (data from the Russian
Ministry of Health) the average level of consumption was
approximately 13.5 liters.
This indicator immediately moves Russia from
the first five to the second ten of the WHO rankings, to such
countries like Portugal, Austria and France (from 13 to 14 l
according to health organizations of these states).

Social consequences of systematic
drunkenness is terrible.
More than 40% of serious crimes in Russia
committed while drunk. Reason
Almost 50% of divorces are caused by drunkenness.
Causes of alcoholism:
- historical period experienced
society: anxiety, uncertainty,
inability of society to socio-political changes.
At the individual level, fast
social changes cause stress,
inadequate, sometimes aggressive reaction, for
which often requires alcohol to overcome.

Followers highlighted other reasons
suicides.
M. Halbwachs - self-accusation, protest and
disappointment, dissatisfaction with one's
position.
E. Shnaidman - self-blaming depression,
frustration, hatred or anger, as well as shame and
severance of family and friendly ties.
L. Wekshtein - alcoholism, drug addiction,
mental illness, life conflicts, and
also ignoring reality and random
factors.
The common denominator is a feeling of uselessness,
isolation from society, feelings of loneliness and
lack of perspective.

Suicide rates are affected
cultural and religious factors. IN
Catholic countries, it is lower than in countries with
the predominance of Protestantism. For example, Italy (7.2
suicides per 100 thousand population per year), Spain (9.6),
Portugal (7.4), while in Denmark - 22.3, in Finland 27.2.
Suicide rates decrease during wars and
increases in peacetime. It rises during
economic crises and rising unemployment. IN THE USA,
for example, throughout the 20th century. average level
suicide rate was 10–12, and during the Great Depression
(1931–1932) rose to 17.5.
Suicide rates in cities are higher than in
rural areas.
The ratio of male and female suicides in
In Russia the ratio is 1:3 (in the world 1:4).

Psychical deviations
Schizophrenia is a withdrawal from reality, autism.
A schizophrenic deviant creates his own world,
acts both according to its laws and according to the laws
real world.
Paranoia is a systematized delusion when
no decline in intelligence and changes
personality. Paranoia manifests itself in various
manias.
Affects are manic-depressive
reactions that manifest themselves as sudden rises and
declines in the psychophysical state of the deviant.
According to the degree of manifestation, mental
disorders can be roughly divided into
neuroses and psychoses.

Neuroses are a weak form of deviation. For example,
phobias, aggression, depression. The neurotic personality is a deviant, but it can still function in society.
Neurotic, despite some deviations in
behavior, can work, live in a family, communicate in
circle of acquaintances and strangers.
A stronger and more socially dangerous form
deviations - psychoses.
American sociologists believe that everyone
one in ten Americans is, to one degree or another,
mental deviant. Every fourth family has
at least 1 mental patient. Treatment and rehabilitation
Only one in 35 patients passes.
In Russia, the number of people with psychosis is 2–
5% of the population, together with neurotics - 10–15%.

Suicide (French suicide)
The first of the sociologists, professionally
E. Durkheim studied the problem of suicide.
The main reason for suicide is loss of connections
individual with a social group, society.
Types of suicide according to E. Durkheim:
Selfish - the result of insufficient
solidarity in society, causing
isolation of the individual.
Anomic - the number increases when
society is in a state of anomie.
Altruistic - done not for oneself, but
in the name of an idea or other members of society.

Social control

- a special maintenance mechanism
public order and social
regulation of behavior.
Informal social control is not
brought into the system, acts from case to case;
the speakers are not professional
controllers, and people of other professions.
Formal social control is carried out by professional social controllers
standards that constantly monitor compliance
certain social norms, fix
violations and apply the sanctions provided for
legislation

Types of informal social
control:
social reward (smile,
handshake, kind attitude);
punishment (displeased look, facial expressions,
criticism, threats, physical violence);
persuasion (works more on
consciousness than on feelings, emotions);
separation, isolation (limitation in
communication, boycott).

System of formal social control
- presented by professional
organizations:
Police (incriminate, detain,
proves)
Court (selects a punishment appropriate
gravity of the act committed)
Prison (execution of punishment)
- created and controlled
government agencies.
The main goal of the formal system
social control - creation, recreation
and maintaining order, following rules,
established by law.

P. Berger's concept of social control

Professional
system
Informal
requirements
Family
Human
Customs and
public
morality
Political and legal
system

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“Thousands of volumes have already been written on the problems of deviant behavior, but it is still not entirely clear what it is.” Gilinsky Ya.M. Deviant behavior is an area of interdisciplinary research, and not the subject of any special science.

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Pedagogical approach. Deviation from social and moral norms and cultural values accepted in a given social environment, immediate environment, collective, disruption of the process of assimilation and reproduction of norms and values, as well as self-development and self-realization in the society to which a person belongs. Medical approach. Deviation from the norms of interpersonal relationships accepted in a given society: actions, deeds, statements made both within the framework of mental health and in various forms of neuropsychic pathology, especially at the borderline level. Psychological approach. Deviation from socio-psychological and moral norms, presented either as an erroneous antisocial pattern of conflict resolution, manifested in a violation of socially accepted norms, or in damage caused to public well-being, others and oneself. Additional signs include difficulties in correcting behavior and a special need for an individual approach.

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In general, deviant behavior is behavior that deviates from the norms and standards established by society, be it the norms of mental health, law, culture, morality, as well as behavior that does not satisfy the social expectations of a given society in a particular period of time.

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Biological approach (C. Lombroso, W. Sheldon) Psychological approach (S. Freud) Sociological approach (E. Durkheim, R. Merton, T. Parsons)

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Biological approach (C. Lombroso, W. Sheldon) Psychological approach (S. Freud) Sociological approach (E. Durkheim, R. Merton, T. Parsons) Social-personal approach (S.A. Belokobylskaya, V.P. Emelyanov, Y.L. Kolomsky, A.A. Rean, S.A. Tararukhin, etc.)

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violations in the formation, formation and development of personality; in the activity line of ontogenesis; the influence of sociocultural characteristics; the influence of family lifestyle and family relationships - child-parent, child-child, parent; characterological and personal changes caused by interaction with the environment; pronounced course of the teenage crisis; membership in informal associations of an antisocial orientation, the presence of antisocial norms in teenage groups; the influence of the media, low-quality films (especially Western action films), propaganda of sexual promiscuity; influence of the world of computer games; the erosion of the concept of nobility, the collapse of the neighborhood as liberation from informal social control at the place of residence.

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reasons related to mental and psychophysiological disorders; reasons of a social and psychological nature; reasons associated with age-related crises.

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I.S. Kon A.A. Alexandrov V.D. Mendelevich Yu.A. Kleiberg V.N. Kudryavtsev E.V. Zmanovskaya

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DEVIANT BEHAVIOR ANTI-SOCIAL ASOCIAL AUTO-DESTRUCTIVE, contrary to legal norms, evading moral standards, deviating from medical and psychological norms

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leaving home, vagrancy, deceit, aggressive behavior, graffiti, subcultural deviations

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PSYCHOLOGICAL HELP PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION overcoming, correction, rehabilitation PSYCHOLOGICAL PREVENTION prevention, psychoprophylaxis

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Primary prevention is aimed at eliminating unfavorable factors that cause a certain phenomenon, as well as increasing the individual’s resistance to the influence of these factors. Primary prevention can be widely implemented among adolescents. The task of secondary prevention is the early identification and rehabilitation of neuropsychic disorders and work with the “risk group”, for example, adolescents who have a strong tendency to develop deviant behavior without currently displaying it. Tertiary prevention solves special problems, such as the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders accompanied by behavioral disorders. Tertiary prevention can also be aimed at preventing relapses in individuals with already formed deviant behavior.

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1. The concept of “deviant behavior” 2. Reasons for the appearance of deviant behavior 3. types of deviant behavior 4. Forms of deviant behavior Plan:

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“There is only the wrong way, but there is no hopeless situation.” Chinese proverb

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Definition Deviation (from the Latin deviatio - deviation in behavior) behavior that is not consistent with the norms does not correspond to what society expects from a person.

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Biological causes: severe somatic diseases of early age; chronic somatic diseases; hereditary predisposition to certain abnormalities (for example, attention deficit disorder, aggravated by alcoholism); neuroses and neuro-like disorders; mental retardation; diseases with an expected fatal outcome; early puberty or its disharmony; defects of analyzers and sensory organs; mental illnesses (schizophrenia, epilepsy).

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Psychological reasons: inadequate self-esteem; low self-esteem; deviations in mental development; emotional instability; aggressiveness; deformations of the need-motivational sphere; increased anxiety, fears; dependence on others; lack of feeling of security; awareness of the impossibility of meeting family expectations; inability to cope with the academic load; low level of verbal intelligence; tendency to avoid difficult situations; weakness of self-control and self-regulation functions; affective excitability, impulsivity; negative attitude towards learning.

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Psychological reasons (consequence of improper upbringing) lack of desire to study and work; passivity of behavior, indifference to the surrounding life, lack of independence in any type of activity; disorganization, manifested in a tendency to disorganization, provoking disobedience in others, inability to manage one’s own activity, lack of independence in organizing one’s own activities, or rigid self-organization without taking into account one’s own capabilities; lack of persistence, characterized by the inability to set difficult, distant goals or be guided by them, even if they are set; selfishness, based on the preference in everything for personal interests over the interests of other people and society as a whole; indiscipline; stubbornness, capriciousness; coarseness; deceit.

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Delinquent Addictive Psychopathological Pathocharacterological Based on hyperabilities Types of deviant behavior