What should be written in the output. Rules for conclusions in coursework and abstracts (conclusions for chapters, conclusions in conclusion)

The conclusion, along with the introduction, is also the most important part of the work. It should contain 1~5 pages (depending on the type of work) to outline the main conclusions.

The conclusion outlines the following aspects:

• - conclusions made by the author of the work on the study of the theoretical part of the work;
• - results of the analysis of the subject of research;
• - recommendations for improving the subject of research.

It is good if the conclusion to the thesis begins with a short introduction on the topic of the work. Conclusions in the conclusion should be short, concise, but summarizing the essence of the analyzed issue. Copying parts of the text from the introduction or the main part of the work in the conclusion is not allowed.

Often teachers ask you to write a conclusion in accordance with the assigned tasks. Then the phrase in conclusion will look good: “In In the process of performing the work, its goal was achieved and the tasks were solved. The work analyzed the main sources on the research topic... The thesis revealed the main provisions of the theory using an example.

The conclusion can be created as continuous text or as a numbered list. In the second case, as a rule, they write: " As a result of the work done, the following conclusions were made." And then follows a numbered list.

In conclusion it is allowed to carry out brief retelling work. When retelling the content of the work, the following phrases can be used.

"IN The first chapter of the work analyzed the theoretical issues of the study...".

"In the second chapter of this work, the main directions of the enterprise’s work were considered,

"IN third chapter of this thesis improvement measures were described..."

If a hypothesis was posed in the introduction, then in the conclusion it is necessary to indicate whether it was confirmed or refuted. For example, in As a result of the work done, the hypothesis was confirmed, as a result of the implementation experimental research It was found that children with general speech impairment have difficulty composing coherent text."

It is better to end the conclusion with a general conclusion on the topic of the work, as well as prospects for applying the developed recommendations in other conditions or on other subjects of research.

For example: “The research made it possible to develop the following design and practical recommendations and evaluate the possibility of their implementation:

• 1. The first direction of the proposed recommendations is related to overcoming staff turnover by providing special conditions labor for workers in comparison with other companies in St. Petersburg by providing additional days vacations, bonuses.
• 2. The second area is related to reducing the significant workload on staff on busy days by attracting additional staff and additional cash payments.
• 3. The third direction of increasing the effectiveness of the motivation system is related to the development of non-material incentives for personnel. Here it is possible to introduce various bonuses, certificates, and verbal thanks.

It would also look good to highlight the prospects for researching the topic of the work. For example: "The prospects for research on this topic lie in the need to study methods of motivating personnel, the features of optimizing the cost of motivation. It should always be remembered that a motivated employee makes better use of his abilities and new opportunities technical means, which leads to the desired result and more efficient work the entire organization."

The full version of writing a conclusion to the thesis is given in the appendix.

Thus, the conclusion is a generalization of the results of the work and its results.

One of the writing criteria successful work, be it a thesis or course work, an essay on a given topic, school essay or Research Article, is not only a competent presentation of thoughts, but also correct adherence to the structure - introduction, main part and conclusion.

Writing a conclusion is not difficult, following a few simple rules.

Conclusion to a diploma or course work

Conclusion is the logical conclusion of the work, which indicates the result of all the research done, conclusions and proposals for the development of a particular issue. It also talks about prospects this direction research and its practical significance. A well-written conclusion makes the work whole and complete.

Conclusion writing plan

introduction

You should not immediately proceed to listing the conclusions obtained during the study. The conclusion, like any other part of the thesis or course work, requires adherence to a special structure of presentation from the general to the specific. The introductory part includes 2-3 sentences concerning the theoretical part - an introduction to the problem to which the study is devoted.

Main part

The main part should present the conclusions obtained during the practical work. To do this correctly, it is necessary to provide answers to the questions posed in the introduction to the work. In practice, this means that for each problem in the introduction there is a corresponding conclusion in the conclusion. This approach will not only help to correctly format the main part of the conclusion, but will also ensure overall integrity work.

Final part

The conclusion, like any other part of the work, must have a final part. Here proposals for improving the object of study are indicated and the practical value of the work is justified. In conclusion, you can write about the areas in which the conclusions obtained during the study can be applied.

Scope of conclusion

The volume of the thesis conclusion is 3-4 pages, for the coursework - 2-3 pages.

To write a conclusion correctly, you should adhere to scientific style letters. This means using expressions such as:

• In our research we found...
• Based on our research, we can draw the following conclusions...
• In conclusion, we note that...
• We come to the conclusion that...
• Our work allows us to conclude...
• The practical significance of our research is...

Conclusion to the article

The conclusion to the article contains a conclusion on the topic indicated at the beginning, a solution to the problem posed, and less often the author’s opinion about the problem.

If a problem is posed at the beginning, then at the end it is necessary to give a balanced solution, sometimes several, mention different opinions, regarding this problem.

It is important that the results given in the conclusion to the article focus only on the positive result.

Conclusion to an essay, essay

In the conclusion to the essay, you should summarize everything that was said earlier. The conclusion logically connects the text with the problem posed and the given topic.

As in the introduction, the conclusion should not pay attention to insignificant facts and minor details; only the essence of the issue is presented here.

The volume of the introductory and concluding parts of the essay is 25% of the entire work.

Compliance with a clear structure, brevity and laconism of presentation is the key to successful work that will be appreciated!

Good afternoon, dear reader.

In this article, we will look at examples of how to write conclusions to chapters, sections and paragraphs of the WRC economist.

Each chapter in the final qualifying work must end with a conclusion

Every paragraph in every chapter should end with a conclusion.

Consequently, at the end of the last paragraph of each chapter there will be 2 conclusions - about this paragraph itself and about the chapter as a whole.

The volume of output per paragraph is usually 1-2 paragraphs or a third of a page.

The volume of output for the chapter is also 1-2 paragraphs or a third of a page.

If each output starts on a new line, less text will be required. In addition, you can number them - it will look better.

What to write in the paragraph output:

This paragraph of the work required studying [paragraph title]. During the study, the following conclusions were made [a few of your thoughts].

On the one hand, the following picture is observed [several of your thoughts], and on the other hand, we can note that [several of your thoughts].

What to write in the chapter summary:

This chapter covered [chapter title]. This study allowed us to draw a number of conclusions.

[We take a couple of main thoughts from the conclusion of the first paragraph of the chapter and, changing it a little, write it here]

[We take a couple of main thoughts from the conclusion of the second paragraph of the chapter and, changing it a little, write it here]

[We take a couple of main thoughts from the conclusion of the third paragraph of the chapter and, changing it a little, write it here]

Thus, we can conclude that [chapter title] is a complex multifaceted concept, which is characterized on the one hand by [the main idea from the previous paragraph], and on the other hand by [the second main idea from the previous paragraph].

The chapters of the thesis differ in nature. Therefore, the conclusions about them are also different.

1. Conclusions on the theoretical chapter () are theoretical in nature. You can point out a couple of points of view of scientists and write that there are contradictions.

They usually say that you need to write “your opinion.” But during the defense it may turn out that one of the commission members really doesn’t like your “own opinion”. Therefore you can write like this:

“There is inconsistency between different points of view, which requires a cautious approach to further research and taking into account the characteristics of the [object] and [subject of research] in this work.”

Object and subject - take from the introduction ()

2. Conclusions on the analytical chapter () - contain conclusions from the analysis.

You can scroll through the second chapter and write one short sentence for each table or calculation. And conclude the conclusion to the second chapter with a general conclusion about how everything is changing.

You might write that the organization (or the thing you're researching) has a number of challenges that need to be addressed or reduced in the next chapter.

3. Conclusions on the project chapter () - contain information about how you propose to solve the organization’s problems or reduce their negative impact ().

Here you write that during the research certain problems were identified, you propose measures, describe how to implement them, evaluate economic parameters, implementation algorithm, as well as indicators of the effectiveness of implementing measures.

Actually, that's all.

Thank you for your attention. Best regards, Alexander Krylov,

Please ask questions in the comments below.

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Materials for final qualification (diploma, bachelor's, master's), coursework and practice reports in economics, financial management and analysis:

• Good day to you. In this article we will look at what to write in the conclusion economic work- diploma, dissertation or regular course work. The total volume of the conclusion is about...
• The second chapter of the thesis on economics is usually called as part of the title of the thesis, but with the addition of the words “analysis, assessment, diagnosis,” etc. to the beginning of the title. For example,…

There are several ways to make the correct conclusion to an abstract.

The first method is to preliminary prepare conclusions for the chapters that the information presented allows you to draw. This method involves Fluency information on a given topic to easily draw qualitative conclusions. While, if information is perceived for the first time, it will be difficult to draw any conclusions, knowledge for this is clearly not enough. In this case, it will not be possible to clearly formulate at least one sentence, or the information presented in the written paragraph will be repeated. The conclusion should be grouped and logically presented, however, duplicating previously obtained results is not allowed; it is possible to draw a general conclusion based on them.

The second method involves the use of external sources. To make the job of writing conclusions for the entire essay easier, you should highlight the main ideas from each chapter and paragraph. In this case, it is very convenient to use various printed publications to collect information about the problem under study, because they will necessarily contain conclusions. At the same time, it is important not to take into account the entire conclusion, but to use only that information that relates to the topic of the abstract, but it should be taken into account that the conclusions obtained did not contradict the purpose of the study.

After writing the abstract, the collected conclusions must be systematized and paraphrased to suit your own style of presentation of the text, remove conflicting opinions, if present, supplement the missing information and bring it into line with the purpose and subject of the study. After processing, the conclusions will look consistent and, most importantly, logical, because the opinions of people who have a fairly clear understanding of the issue will be taken as a basis.

The third method involves borrowing other people's thoughts. It is recommended to use it if you can find information that will fully correspond to the topic of the essay. Otherwise, the text will clearly stand out from the background and look ridiculous, and it will definitely not be an output.

So, in order to correctly draw a conclusion, you must adhere to the following rules:

1. The conclusion should summarize the above information about the chapter and the abstract as a whole.
2. The conclusion must be in the same direction as the work; contradictory points of view are not allowed.
3. The conclusion should be short and specific and should correspond to the essence of the problem.
4. In the text of the abstract, if it is intended to draw a conclusion after the chapter, the following expressions should be used: “taking into account the data obtained, a conclusion can be drawn,” “as a result, it should be noted.” Some teachers do not recommend specially drawing up conclusions after each chapter, therefore, it is better to clarify how to write a paper correctly.
5. The conclusion should be the logical conclusion of the abstract, the result of the research conducted, based on the tasks that were set in the introduction.

How to show the coursework supervisor that its author has coped with the task? Write the correct conclusion to the project. It is this that will allow you to earn a high score during the audit and will help familiarize the commission members with the amount of work done if the project needs to be defended. But even if the defense does not take place in front of an outside audience, the work supervisor may ask you to make a report on the course work in front of your fellow students. In both cases, the conclusion will help you cope with the task. How to write it in order to interest listeners and convince them of the seriousness of the work done?

Plan for drawing up a conclusion to course work.

The final part of the project should not surprise listeners and commission members. Its task is to show (convey) the developments, ideas, results and usefulness of the work performed to colleagues, using accessible scientific language. This means that the author of the project will need to highlight the basic and secondary points of the coursework. Then, based on the first ones, compose the final text.

The structure will be as follows:

• The relevance of the problem under consideration. It is necessary to recall what scientific problem was studied, why it was chosen, and what consequences the solutions found had. Justifying the relevance, the author talks about the usefulness and value of his work.
• Consideration of the goals and objectives of the study. They were discussed in detail in the introduction, and therefore the final part should say that the author achieved his goals and solved the problems. Don’t be afraid to use the following phrases: “I’m in the process of research work came to the conclusion...", "I analyzed and solved the following problems..." and so on. The conclusion reflects what has already been done, and therefore the emphasis must be on the results.
• Description of the subject, object, research situation. There is no need to go into details; it is necessary to briefly mention the object of the study so that it is easier for colleagues or committee members to switch to the results.
• A story about the mechanisms and research methods used. Here it is worth clearly indicating the usefulness of the methods used for research. You can mention why they were used and not others. This approach will show the manager that the author of the project has worked a large number of options.
• Detailed demonstration of results. The most capacious point of the final part. It is necessary to show in accessible scientific language what results the author achieved during the research work.

At the end of the conclusion, you need to show the potential of the completed scientific research. This block should not be missed if the student’s plans include the desire to continue working on the topic as part of the diploma.

Basics of formatting the output of coursework

The structure does not have to be the same as above. The project manager may require that only the results of the work and the methods used in finding solutions be presented. It is worth finding out in advance what the teacher wants to see as a conclusion. But whatever he recommends, the volume of the final text should not be more than 2-4 pages. The volume is calculated as follows: the output according to GOST is about 10% of the total number of pages of the work itself.
It is not worth exceeding the established number of sheets if the author wants as many people as possible to read about the work he has done. more people. Only the supervisor will read the full text of the course project; the rest of the defense participants will only read the conclusion or introduction. They will read the part that is written succinctly and briefly.

1. Connectivity of blocks. The final part is compiled according to a scheme, each block of which must be logically connected with the next.
2. Brevity and clarity of presentation. It is worth removing complex sentences, difficult-to-understand phrases, etc.
3. Saturation with facts. It is not the work done that matters, but the results obtained. In the conclusion the emphasis is placed on them.

In the final word, duplication of text from the main project and the introduction should not be allowed. This independent part project demonstrating success.

Written conclusions for coursework on:

1. Written conclusion to course work on economic analysis of an enterprise

CONCLUSIONS AND OFFERS

When writing the course work, an analysis of the enterprise showed that it has a clear and proven tendency to develop along an intensive path. With a constant area, the enterprise achieved high economic indicators.

But at the same time, many shortcomings were identified that led to a decrease in yield, and as a trail, a decrease in profits and profitability.

To get out of the difficult economic situation, scientists have proposed various ways to increase the use of land through the introduction of scientific and technological progress.

Specifically for of this enterprise a program was developed to overcome the situation. Implementation the latest system irrigation. Which allows you to use water rather than electricity during frosts, which significantly reduces costs, increases productivity and saves it from frost next year.

The introduction of other technologies is not advisable and requires additional costs. But these technologies also solve this problem but have many more disadvantages than the proposed system.

In general, the enterprise is thinking about an intensive development system and introducing new technologies, growing frost-resistant and high-yielding seedlings that do not lose the harvest during frosts. All proposed methods must be used in combination, which will lead to further development. But you cannot stop there; you must conduct your activities in the same direction.

2. Conclusion to course work on enterprise economics

CONCLUSIONS OF THE COURSE WORK

The conclusion is written on two sheets

Download full text conclusions for the course work -

3. Conclusion to the course work on vegetable growing

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS OF COURSE WORK

This area has good soil and climatic conditions for growing vegetables, and high yields can be obtained. There is also a public demand for fresh and early vegetables. For the vegetable growing industry to be profitable it is necessary:

1. increase the level of agricultural technology, compliance with crop rotation;

2. introduction of the latest techniques for growing vegetable crops;

3. introduce the latest high-yielding varieties and hybrids;

4. sowing is carried out with elite and super-elite seeds;

5. to obtain early products - the introduction of the seedling method;

6. water vegetables in a timely manner, at optimal rates;

7. improve the system of plant protection from pests and diseases;

8. contribute required amount organic and mineral fertilizers;

9. Vegetable harvesting should be done as mechanized as possible.

4. Conclusion to course work on agricultural economics

Conclusions and proposals of course work

OJSC "Pridneprovskoye" of the Novovorontsovsky district is a fairly large enterprise that specializes in the production of crop products. This is facilitated by the presence of vast arable areas and the provision of this industry with mechanized means of production.

The second most important sector is the livestock industry, which is represented by cattle breeding and pig breeding. In structure commercial products specific gravity livestock production is only 32.8%. The main products obtained from this industry are milk, cattle meat, and pork.

In general, livestock products in last years tends to be unprofitable and have low profitability of products. With increase production costs and direct labor costs in this industry there is an increase in production costs. As a result, these costs are not covered by revenue from the sale of products and the farm not only reduces profits, but also suffers losses.

But with the help of measures being developed on the farm with the aim of further intensifying livestock production and increasing its efficiency, the first positive changes will appear in the near future.

Currently, many farms in the region are characterized by the decline of livestock industries. However, gradually overcoming difficulties, they again move towards recovery.