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Presentation simple special questions examples. Present Simple Tense - simple present tense in English

There are 12 tenses in the English language instead of the 3 usual for Russian people. Today we will look at the Present Simple Tense (or Present Indefinite). It is translated into Russian as “simple present tense.”

With it we talk about our habits and preferences, skills and daily actions.

This tense is used constantly in English. Therefore, it is very important to fully understand and learn how to use it from the very beginning. This is perhaps the most basic tense in the English language. The base that our students master already at the first level of courses for adults.

In this article I will explain to you how and when to use the Present Simple, and also tell you about all the nuances of its use.

Affirmative sentences in Present Simple
Verb endings -s and -es in the Present simple

Using the Present Simple in English

Present Simple Tense is the simple present tense in English. This tense is used when we talk about actions that happen regularly.

For example: “She does exercises in the morning.”

The following cases of using Present Simple are distinguished:

1. About actions that we do regularly, usually.
We go to work; he reads books; we play sports.

2. About someone's habits and preferences.
Do you like watching comedies? she loves to eat sushi.

3. About the daily schedule, daily routine.
The bus arrives at 10:00; the plane to Paris leaves at 22:00

4. About your skills.
I read (I can read, but do not confuse it with “I am reading at the moment”). He swims (he can swim). I speak English (I can speak English).

Please note that this is the time we we don't use when we talk about actions that are happening right now. For example: “I am cooking (at the moment).”

Education rules affirmative sentences in Present Simple

The affirmative form of the Present Simple is formed using a simple scheme:

1. If the action is performed:

I - I,
you - you/you,
we - we,
they - they,

then the verb does not change in any way. Look at the table:

I
You	drive	a car
We	want	a bus
They

Example sentences

I go to work every day.

They usually get up early.
They usually get up early.

2. When actions are performed:

He - he
she - she,
it - it,

then the ending is added to the verb s/es. Pay attention to the verbs in the table.

He	lik es
She	want s	a car
It	driv es

Example sentences

He play s football every Friday.
He plays football every Friday.

She like s green tea
She likes green tea.

Verb endings -s and -es in the Present Simple

Let's take a closer look at how the endings change if we use the pronouns he, she, it. Ending es We bet in the following cases.

The verb ends in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z, -o

ki ss(kiss) - kiss es;
cat ch(grab) - catch es;
fi x(fix) - fix es;
g o(go) - go es;

Examples

He wash es(wash - washes) his car often.
He washes his car often.

She miss es her brother (miss - misses).
She misses her brother.

The verb ends in -y and it is preceded by a consonant. In this case we replace -y with -i and add the ending -es.

fl y(fly) - fl ies;
hurr y(hurry up) - hurr ies.

For example

She stud ies(study - studies) five new words every day.
She learns five new words every day.

Ending -s we bet in all other cases.

Note: if the verb ends in -y and stands in front of her vowel, then we just add the ending -s.

l ay(put) - la ys;
st ay(stay) - sta ys.

For example

She pla ys tennis twice a week.
She plays tennis twice a week.

Special words used in Present Simple

There are some words that indicate and help determine that this is the Present Simple. What all these words have in common is that they show that an action is happening (or not happening) periodically.

Always - always;
often - often;
usually - usually;
sometimes - sometimes;
rarely - rarely;
never - never;
every time, every morning, every evening, every day - every time, every morning, every evening, every day.

Seeing these words, you can immediately understand that we are talking about some kind of regular, usual action for us.

For example

She cooks dinner usually by herself.
She usually cooks dinner herself.

They never play football.
They never don't play football.

Negative form in Present Simple

A negative sentence will be constructed in exactly the same way as in Russian: using the particle not. For example, I go to work. Let’s add “not” and it turns out: I don’t go to work.

In Present Simple particle Not consists of an auxiliary verb do or does and particles not.

To make a sentence negative, we need to put “not” in front of the verb. That is, the proposal will be structured according to the following scheme:

Actor + do/does not + action (verb in initial form).

Does we use it when we talk about one person (he, she, it), and in all other cases we must use do.

I
You	do
We			like	to sleep
They		not	want	to buy a car
He			go	to work
She	does
It

Example sentences

Please note that when we use don't And does not The ending s/es is no longer added to the verb. After all, it is these auxiliary verbs that show time (read the article “Auxiliary verbs in English”). Why do you need to show 2 times that this is a real repeating tense?

Look.

He does not read_books.
He doesn't read books.

We don't talk

He does not reads books.

How can you shorten do not and does not?

We can abbreviate the particle not as follows.

Don't = don't.
Doesn't = doesn't.

Question form in Present Simple

To ask a question, you need to use auxiliary verbs do or does first place in the sentence. In this case, the word order does not change, that is, it will be the same as in the affirmative form. The scheme for constructing a question in the Present Simple is as follows:

Do/does + actor + action (verb in initial form)?

As usual, we use does with he, she, it. In all other cases we use do.

	I
Do	you
	we	like	to sleep?
	they	want	to buy a car?
	she	go	to work?
Does	he
	it

Please note that in the question the verb is in the initial form and its ending does not change.

Do es she like_sweets?
Does she like sweets?

Statement

She usually drink s coffee in the morning.
She usually drinks coffee in the morning.

They eat different fruits every day.
They eat fruit every day.

Question

Does she usually drink_ coffee in the morning?
Does she usually drink coffee in the morning?

Do they eat different fruits every day?
Do they eat fruit every day?

Answers to questions in Present Simple

Short positive answer will contain an auxiliary verb do/does, which will replace the action itself (drinking, eating).

Yes, she does.
Yes, he drinks.

Yes, they do.
Yes, they do.

Complete positive answer will be constructed as an affirmative sentence.

Yes, she usually drinks s coffee in the morning.
Yes, she usually drinks coffee in the morning.

Yes, they eat different fruits every day.
Yes, they eat fruit every day.

IN short negative answer to do/does we add not.

No, she does not.
No, he doesn't drink.

No, they don't.
No, they don't eat.

Complete negative answer is constructed as a negative sentence:

No, she does not drink coffee in the morning.
No, she doesn't usually drink coffee in the morning.

No, they don't eat different fruits every day.
No, they don't eat fruit every day.

Examples

Do do you speak English? — Yes, I do.
Do you speak English? - Yes talking.

Do do you speak English? - No, I don't.
Do you speak English? - No I do not speak.

Do do they like to dance? - Yes, they like to dance.
Do they like to dance? - Yes, they like to dance.

Do do they like to dance? - No, they don't like to dance.
Do they like to dance? - No, they don't like to dance.

Does she play_ tennis? — Yes, she does.
She plays tennis? - Yes, he plays.

Does she play_ tennis? - No, she does not.
She plays tennis? - No, he doesn’t play.

Does he like to travel? - Yes, he likes s to travel.
Does he like to travel? — Yes, he likes to travel.

Does he like to travel? - No, he does not like to travel.
Does he like to travel? - No, he doesn't like to travel.

Special questions in the Present Simple

They should be used when you want to get some additional information. List of words:

what - what,
where - where,
which - which one,
why - why,
when - when,
who - who,
how - how.

Question words + do/does + actor + action (verb in initial form)?

What		I
Where	do	you
Which		we	like	to sleep?
Why		they	want	to buy a car?
When		she	go	to work?
Who	does	he
How		it

Examples

Why does does he go to work?
Why does he go to work?

Where do do you usually go?
Where do you usually go?

When does did she come back?
When is she coming back?

What do do they usually watch?
What do they usually watch?

Which tea does she drink?
What kind of tea does she drink?

Who do do you live with?
Who do you live with?

The verb to be in the Present Simple

There is a special verb in English - to be. In the present tense, this verb has three forms: am, is, are.

Very often, English language learners get confused when to use it in the present tense and when not to. Because of this, mistakes are made.

Remember that we use the verb to be in the Present Simple when we want to say:

who what by whom/what is (she is a nurse);
who what what is (my cat is gray);
who what Where is (dad at work).

That is, if we want describe the location anything state something or what is this thing/person, then we use the verb to be.

For example

I am a doctor.
I am a doctor.

She is at home.
She is at home.

We are good singers.
We are good singers.

When you say a phrase and doubt whether you should put the verb be there, you can always test yourself by asking questions to the sentence: am I who/what, is where, is what? If in translation the words “is, is, is” give the sentence a logical meaning, then in English such a sentence will be correct.

Now let's summarize briefly and look at the general table of the use of Present Simple time.

General table of present simple time use

So, Present Simple (simple present tense) is used in the following cases:

1. When we talk about actions that we do regularly, usually.
2. When we talk about someone's habits and preferences.
3. When it comes to the daily schedule, daily routine.
4. When we talk about our skills.

Let's look at the formation of all types of sentences in this tense.

Offer	Education formula	Examples
Affirmative	Actor + action (verb in initial form). For she, he, it: Actor + action ending -s/es.	I go to work every day. I go to work every day. She like s green tea She likes green tea.
Negative	Actor + do/does not + action (verb in initial form).	We don't* like coffee.* We Not* we love coffee.* She does not* smoke.* She Not* smokes*
Interrogative	Do/does + actor + action (verb in initial form)?	Do do you speak English? Do you speak English? Does she play tennis? She plays tennis?

We have analyzed the Present Simple tense. It is quite simple, but you need to know how to use it correctly. If something remains unclear to you, do not hesitate to ask your questions in the comments.

Useful articles on the topic:

Reinforcement task

Now let's practice using the Present Simple tense. I propose to translate the following sentences into English.

1. I love animals.
2. He doesn't work on weekends.
3. Do your parents travel every summer?
4. My brother doesn't go to the gym.
5. I'm never late.

Present Simple Tense is one of the most frequently used tenses in the English language. Therefore, immediately after studying the rules of use, it is important to consolidate the Present Simple with example sentences in Russian.

Affirmative sentences

Positive or affirmative sentences form the basis of all tenses in the English language. Why? Because thanks to such sentences, with translation you can consolidate the skill of constructing negative and interrogative sentences.

In Present Simple Tense, endings are added to the verb -s And -es in the third person singular.

He works at the factory. - He works at the factory.
Mary lives in Paris. – Mary lives in Paris.
It snows a lot in winter. - It's snowing frequently in the winter.
Tomas and I like playing football. – Thomas and I love to play football.
Steve always arrives at work in time. - Steve always arrives at work on time.
They often see Tom because he lives near them. – They often see Tom because he lives next to them.
Children usually like drinking cocoa. – Children usually like to drink cocoa.
Julia is an artist. She draws very beautiful pictures. Julia is an artist. She draws beautiful pictures.
I have got a big family. - I have a big family.
She can speak three languages: Russian, English and Italian. – She can speak three languages: Russian, English and Italian.

It is important to learn how to work with verbs. Therefore, put the sentences above in interrogative and negative forms.

Interrogative sentences

When studying Present Simple, translation of sentences plays an important role. Why? Because it helps to draw an analogy with your native language, understand the topic and consolidate it in practice. How? Easily! Try putting the question sentences below into affirmative and negative forms.

Do/does An auxiliary verb used to ask a question in the Present Simple. But this rule does not apply to modal verbs and construction have got.

Negative sentences

To consolidate the topic, put the sentences below in the affirmative and interrogative forms.

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Let's look at the types of questions using the following sentence as an example.

My sister often goes to the gym in the evening. - My sister often goes to the gym in the evening.

By the way, the negative form sounds like this: “My sister doesn’t often go to the gym in the evening.”

1. General question- finds out whether the action was performed and assumes a short “yes/no” answer. We put the auxiliary verb first, then the subject and predicate and rewrite the sentence to the end. The adverb "often" traditionally occupies a position between the subject and the predicate. Notice that the ending of the verb has "run away" to the auxiliary verb at the beginning of the sentence.

The intonation at the end of the question is rising, raising the tone of voice.

Does my sister often go to the gym in the evening? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

2. Alternative question- involves a choice of at least two names. An alternative can be selected for both the main and secondary members of the sentence. The question is asked on the same principle as a general question, only an alternative, or choice, is offered.

Before the conjunction "or" the intonation goes up, after - down.

Does my sister often go to the gym or to the night club in the evening?

Does my sister or my brother often go to the gym in the evening?

3. Tag question/ Tail question- a question of amazement, or just a question with a tail. It’s very easy to ask: you rewrite the entire sentence, put a comma and form a “tail”, which is always translated the same way: isn’t it? / is not it? / right? / I'm right?

My sister often goes to the gym in the evening, doesn't she?

The intonation after the tail goes up.

If the sentence is affirmative, the tail will be negative; if the sentence is negative, the tail will be positive. Negation in English can be formed not only with the help of a verb, but also with the help of negative pronouns, adverbs and conjunctions, like nobody, neither..nor, nothing, never .

The tail is formed from a positive or negative auxiliary verb (in the Present Simple it is do/does) + a subject pronoun.

4. Special question- is set individually for each word in the sentence. To do this you need to learn the questions:

Who - who?
Whose - whose?
Whom? - whom? / to whom? (in colloquial speech it is replaced by who)
What - what? / Which?
When - when?
Why? - Why?
How - how?
How many / How much - how much?
Where - where? / Where?
- which?

Who often goes to the gym in the evening?

The "Who" question is different from all the others. In order not to get confused with it, replace the subject with words dependent on it with the mysterious question “who” and rewrite the rest of the sentence.

We formulate the remaining special questions according to the following scheme:

question word + auxiliary verb (do/does) + subject + predicate

Let me remind you that the verb to be does not need an auxiliary verb.

Whose sister often goes to the gym in the evening? - In this case, the auxiliary verb is also not needed, since the possessive pronoun "my" refers to the subject.

Compare: He likes my computer (my refers to the addition). -Whose computer does he like?

How often does my sister go to the gym in the evening?

What does my sister often do in the evening?

Where does my sister often go in the evening?

When does my sister often go to the gym?

Every day we ask many different questions addressed to parents, friends, and teachers. In our native language, we construct questions without thinking at all about word order. But do you know how to construct questions correctly in English? During this lesson we will get acquainted with various question words, as well as the features of constructing questions in the present simple tense (aka the Present Simple Tense)

The construction of questions in the present simple tense (and in the English language in general) has a number of features. These features include a number of question words.

Among the main question words the following can be distinguished (Fig. 1):

what(what, which) - used when asking about things;
who(who) - used to ask about a person;
when(when) - used to ask about time;
where(where, where) - used when we are interested in a place;
why(why, why) - used when you need to find out the reason;
how(how) - this is how we ask about the method of action.

Rice. 1. Question words ()

In order to learn how to correctly construct sentences in the Present Simple (simple present tense), we need to repeat the cases of using this tense.

If you want to say that an action is habitual or repeated for you, then the simple present tense is used. This action could indicate a habit, a hobby, or something that is repeated frequently.

For example:

You speak English. - Do you speak English.

I play tennis - I play tennis.

She always forgets her purse. - She always forgets her wallet.

General questions are often called yes/no questions, i.e. questions that require a “Yes” or “No” answer. Let's remember how they are built in the simple present tense. The following diagram will help us with this:

Do/Does +subject +baseverb?

As you can see, we begin a general question with the verb Do (for subjects expressed by the pronouns I, we, you, they) or Does (for subjects expressed by the pronouns he, she, it). Then comes the subject and the base verb.

Let's look at examples:

Do you speak English? - Do you speak English?

Do pigs like milk? - Do pigs like milk?

Does he play tennis? - He plays tennis?

Rice. 2. Question words ()

Let us remind you that general questions are asked to obtain a short “Yes” or “No” answer. But we ask special questions when we want to get more information and clarify details. Use the following special question words when you want to know (Figure 3):

What? - what;

why, why? - why;

When? - when;

How? - how;

where, where? - where;

Who? - who.

Pay attention to the examples:

Where does he live? - Where does he live?

How do I drive there? - How do I get there?

Rice. 3. Question words ()

What does she like? - What does she like?

Who do you look like? - Who do you look like?

Why do they have three cars? - Why do they need three cars?

When do you get up? - When you get up?

As you can see, all these questions follow a general pattern:

a question word + do/does + subject + base verb?

Thus, special questions are structured like this: the question word comes first (for example, where, who), followed by do or does (depending on the subject), then the subject and the main (semantic) verb.

When we read either affirmative or interrogative sentences, we should observe the correct intonation, pace, rhythm and stress of English words and entire sentences. Most often, significant words are stressed in sentences.

Practice reading the following special questions. Pay attention to the underlined words. Try to highlight them intonationally, that is, read them more expressively than others.

What do you do at the weekend? - What do you do on the weekends?

What is your favorite book? - What is your favorite book?

Who is your favorite singer? - Who is your favorite singer?

When do you go to bed? - When do you go to bed?

Where do you go for your holidays? - Where do you go on vacation?

Put the words in the correct order to get special questions.

go to school / you / do / where?
what / you / do / every day at 7 / do?
children / have / do / you / how many?
does / who / she / meet on Saturdays?
why / eat so much chocolate / do / they?
go for a run / when / you / do?

Where do you go to school?
What do you do every day at 7?
How many children do you have?
Who does she meet on Saturdays?
Why do they eat so much chocolate?
When do you go for a run?

Rice. 4. Question words ()

If the sentence contains the verb to be, or rather its forms am, is or are, then you do not need to use the auxiliary verbs do or does to construct special questions. Pay attention to the examples:

Who is he? - Who is he?

Where are you? - Where are you?

When is the lesson over? - When does the lesson end?

How is she? - How is she?

What are they? - What do they do?

Thus, special questions are formed using one of the forms of the verb to be (i.e. am, is, are), which is placed before the subject.

Bibliography

Afanasyeva O.V., Mikheeva I.V. English language. 2nd grade - M: Bustard, 2014.
Biboletova M.Z., Denisenko O.A., Trubaneva N.N. English language. 2nd grade - Title, 2008.
Bykova N.I., Dooley D., Pospelova M.D. and others. English language. 2nd grade - Education, 2013.

Homework

Learn question words.
Put do or does in questions:
1. ____ do you see him often?
2. Where ____ your mother work?
3. When _____ the bus leave?
4. ____they believe in ghosts?
5. ___ she play the piano?
6. Why ___ you study English?
7. How much ___ this skirt cost?
Ask as many specific questions as possible to the existing proposals.
1. My friends and I usually go to the river at the weekends.
2. Tom always swims slowly in the pool.
3. My sister wants to buy a new bike soon.

Internet portal Study.ru ().
Internet portal native-english.ru ().
Internet portal Alleng.ru ().

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