Indigirka - Travel Club Free Wind. Indigirka River: geographical information In what part of the country does the Indigirka River flow?

Geographical encyclopedia

The river in the east of Yakutia is 1726 km, the basin area is 360 thousand km2. It is formed by the confluence of the Khastakh and Taryn Yuryakh rivers. It flows through the Oymyakon Highlands, then cuts through the mountain range. Chersky, lower reaches in the lowlands. Flows into the East Siberian Sea, forming... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

INDIGIRKA, a river in the east of Yakutia. 1726 km, pl. basin 360 thousand km2. It is formed by the confluence of the Khas Takh and Taryn Yuryakh rivers. It flows through the Oyma Horse Highlands, then cuts through the Chersky ridge, the lower course in the lowlands. Flows into the East Siberian Sea ... Russian history

Exist., number of synonyms: 1 river (2073) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

A river in Russia, in the east of Yakutia. 1726 km, basin area 360 thousand km2. Formed by the merger of pp. Khastakh and Taryn Yuryakh. It flows along the Oymyakon Highlands, then cuts through the Chersky ridge, and the lower reaches in the lowlands. Flows into the East Siberian... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Indigirka- a river that flows into the Vost. Siberian Sea; Yakutia. The hydronym Indigirka is based on Evensk. generic name Indigir people of the Indi clan (Gir Evensk plural suffix). Russian explorers of the 17th century. the name was adopted from Russian. suffix ka, which... ... Toponymic dictionary

Indigirka- river, flows into the East Siberian Sea, Sakha (Yakutia). The hydronym Indigirka is from the Even generic name Indigir - “people of the Indi clan” gir (Even plural suffix). Explorers of the 17th century. the name was adopted from Russian... ... Geographical names of the Russian Far East

River in the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Length 1726 km, basin area 360 thousand km2. It originates with two sources Khastakh and Taryn Yuryakh on the northern slopes of the Khalkan ridge; flows into the East Siberian Sea. The I. basin is located in the development area... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

The river of the Yakutsk region, irrigating the Verkhoyansk and Kolyma districts, originates on the northern slope of the Stanovoy Range and is formed from the confluence of two rivers, Omyokon and Kuidusun. I. flows into the Arctic Ocean through 4 mouths, of which the east. called Kolyma... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Indigirka- (Indigirka)Indigirka, river, in Yakutia, N.V. Siberia, Russia. It flows in the north for 1,779 km, from the Suntar Khayata ridge to the East Siberian Sea, forming a wide delta... Countries of the world. Dictionary

A river more than 1.7 thousand km long, with its source at the junction of two rivers flowing through the territory of the Yakut region (Sakha Yakutia) to the East Siberian Sea, flowing into it with four mouths - this is Indigirka.

The name of the Indigirka River comes from the Even word “inday”, which means “hello”, “live”; “Indigir” is an ancient clan of Evens who lived on the banks of the river.

According to Russian documents of the 17th century, the river passed as Indiger or Indigir.

Indigirka river characteristics

Where is the Indigirka River located?

This is a cold, amazing river that flows among the snow to the Arctic Ocean, where it flows through four mouths, the eastern of which is called Kolyma, and the western mouth is called Russian.

Indigirka, source and mouth, basin

The source of the Indigirka, as mentioned above, is at the junction of two Yakut rivers Tuora-Yurakh and Taryn-Yuryakh, which flow from the slope of the Khalkan mountain range.

According to its structure, the Indigirka River is divided into two sections: the upper mountain section and the lower flat section, which is twice as long as the first.

In the upper reaches, the Indigirka is a fast river with many rapids. The section called the “Indigirka Pipe” is considered the most dangerous.

In this place, the river seems to be sandwiched between rocks, among which it runs along a mountain ridge for about 100 kilometers. Where the Indigirka runs through the mountains, it is absolutely impassable.

Along the lower course, the river is slow, monotonous and has a width of 300 to 800 meters.

Starting from the confluence of the Moma River, the Indigirka is navigable, then it diverges into branches where rafting is carried out and forms a delta.

The Indigirka River is fed by rain, snow and glaciers.

It becomes covered with ice in early October and only opens in June. Indigirka is the coldest river on our planet!

Populated areas on Indigirka

On the river is the village of Oymyakon, the so-called northern pole of cold, which competes for this title with Verkhoyansk, where the temperature in winter drops to minus fifty.

Zashiversk is a monument city that died out in the 19th century from smallpox.

The main piers on the Indigirka River: Druzhina; Honuu; Camp; Chokurdakh

The main tributaries of the Indigirka

These are the rivers:

• Cuente;
• Nera;
• Moma;
• Elgi;
• Kuidusun;
• Badyarikha;
• Allah;
• Uyandina;
• Börölöh;
• Selennyakh.

Indigirka fishing

The Indigirka basin is a very rich region. Gold mining is still carried out here, and the shores are a haven for amateur fishermen.

These places are famous for fish species, popular among which are rudd, catfish, roach, burbot, omul, nelma, muksun, whitefish, and vendace.

Indigirka River on the map of Russia

In summer, the Indigirka River is one of the popular sites among tourists and travelers.

Have fun excursions and trips along the Siberian rivers!

The Indigirka River is located in Yakutia, part of the East Siberian Sea.

Historical reference

The river received its name from the Even family name Indigir, which means people of the Indi clan. Development began by the Cossacks in the first half of the 17th century.

Source

The mouth of the river is formed by two reservoirs, these are Tuora-Yuryakh and Taryn-Yuryakh, which originate in the Khalkan Mountains. It flows down through the territory of Yakutia, and near the Allaikhovsky district of the republic it flows into the sea.

Characteristics

The Indigirka River is divided into:

• Upper mountain section (640km)
• Lower Plain (1,086 kmZ).

Indigirka river photo

The banks of the river are mountainous highlands, ridges, chains, and then abruptly give way to depressions and lowlands. The pool was formed on the site of rocks that had long since frozen under the influence of low temperatures and climatic conditions. There are many alluvial soils near the coast.

The length of the Indigirka is more than 1.7 thousand kilometers, with a basin area of ​​360 thousand square kilometers. Depth ranges from 7.5 to 11 meters. The width is different on the upper and lower sections of the river - from 500 meters to 20 kilometers. There are many rapids, mouths, and deltas in the basin. The river is separated from the sea by a small shallow bay.

The climate is sharply continental. In winter the average temperature is -40 degrees, in summer +14 degrees. Summer is short and winter is long. The average current speed is 3m/s. Flowing into the East Siberian Sea it forms a delta with an area of ​​5,500 square km.

Indigirka on the map

Indigirka on the map photo

River mode

Indigirka is fed by mixed water, coming from snow, rain, and melting ice. Floods are typical in spring and summer. In winter, the entire river freezes, as the water temperature drops to minus 50. The river is covered with ice in October, and the river opens up at the end of May, beginning of June.

Flora and fauna

The river passes through taiga, tundra, forest-tundra and arctic forests. The local ichthyofauna is very rich in fish - 29 species, including:

• Chir;
• Omul;
• Sturgeon;
• Nelma;
• vendace;
• Chum salmon;
• Pink salmon;
• Muksun.

Cities

On the banks of the river there are a lot of settlements, both large and small, most of which are located in Momskoye and Abyiskoye. Allaikhovsky and Oymyakonsky districts. The largest cities are Oymyakon, Belaya Gora, Chokurdakh, Khonuu.

Indigirka river. Oymyakon city photo

Tributaries

Large tributaries are located in the upper and lower reaches, which are located on the right and left banks. For example, large branches are Nera, Moma, Uyandina, Allaikha, Elgi. Much smaller tributaries are the Chiya, Arga-Yuryakh, Talbykchan, Taskan, and Berelekh.

Economic activity

Minerals are mined: coal, gold. Fishing and reindeer herding are developed. Indigirka is considered one of the significant water transport arteries of the North-East of Russia.

Tourism on the river

Travelers who visit Yakutia go fishing, rafting and kayaking in the summer.

Indigirka river photo

• One of the busiest transport routes in the country, along which river transport runs.
• On the river is the village of Oymyakon, considered a pole of cold.
• Quite an interesting monument of the 19th century. The city of Zashiversk is considered to be, which became a monument to the entire population, which at the end of the 19th century. died from a smallpox epidemic.
• Scientists explain the origin of the name of the hydronym as the name of the Evenki tribe - Indigir, which was of ancestral origin. This meant dog river or Indy people.

beauty of Russia. Indigirka river photo

Most residents of our country have heard about the fact that the Indigirka river, a distant and little-known river, exists somewhere in Yakutia, mainly from songs or geography textbooks. But you can tell a lot of interesting and educational things about it.

Name

Indeed, the Indigirka is a mysterious and beautiful river, flowing among virgin nature, untouched by the touch of modern civilization. It received its name, which literally translates as “people of the Indi clan,” because of the ancient Even settlement of the Indigir tribe located on its banks. They were not the only ones, of course, who found their refuge near the river, some earlier, some later, but Evens, Yukaghirs, Yakuts, and even Russians settled here. Well, the first half of the 17th century can be called the time when the Cossacks began to develop the coast.

Source of the river

In the northeast of our country, the Indigirka is ranked among the largest rivers. Moreover, it has independent access to the East Siberian Sea. The source of the Indigirka is the confluence of two rivers. One of them flows from the Suntar-Khayata ridge, and the other from the Oymyakon Highlands. Indigirka is formed by rivers, one of which is called Taryn-Yuryakh, and the other - Tuora-Yuryakh. Born on the northern slopes of the Khalkan ridge, both of these streams unite to form the Indigirka, which is famous for its meandering and does not extend beyond the territory of Yakutia.

Mysterious mouth

Having talked about the source, I would like to immediately mention where the river arrives before flowing into the sea. The outermost inhabited space in front of the place where the river in Yakutia ends its path is called the village of Tyubelakh. Further on, no one lives on the banks of the Indigirka. The reason is that it is simply impossible. Because in the way of the river there is a stone barrier, no less than 30 km long. Growing up on both sides of the Indigirka’s path, the mountains seem to drive it into a narrow, impassable gorge. It’s crowded here, and only thanks to its powerful flow does the river make its way to the sea. The mouth of the Indigirka River is a gloomy and dangerous place called the Indigirka Pipe. There are many dangerous rapids here, and not even all local residents risk sailing in these places on their motor boats, and they can only afford this if the water level is favorable. It is even rarer to meet sports tourists here, even with reliable equipment and watercraft; sailing along the river is still very dangerous. But the beauty of the landscapes along these banks is extraordinary, as if this were compensation for the dangerous mouth.

Indigirka (river) and its general characteristics

The beautiful shores of Indigirka are mountain ranges, highlands, chains, sometimes giving way to depressions and lowlands. The river basin was formed on the site of rocks that had long frozen under the influence of climatic conditions with low temperatures. There are many alluvial soils near the coast. Conventionally, the flow path can be divided into a mountainous section with a length of 640 km and a flat section with a length of approximately 1,086 km. Together with its sources, the length of the Indigirka River reaches almost 2000 km. But purely it itself, officially starting from the point of confluence of two sources, has a length of 1,726 km, with a basin area replete with many mouths, rapids and deltas, 360 thousand square meters. km. Indigirka is separated from the sea by a small and rather shallow bay. The width of the river along its entire length is different and varies from 0.5 to 20 km, and the depth - from 7.5 to 11 meters.

Flowing through the territory of Yakutia, the Indigirka absorbs several other rivers. In the upper reaches, for example, on the right side of the river there is only one additional stream - the river. Nera, and on the left are Elgi, Kuidusun and Kuenty. The lower reaches are enriched by Moma and Badyarikha on the right and Uyandina, Selennyakh, Boryolekh, Allaikha on the left.

Recharge from precipitation

The climate here is continental. The average temperature in winter reaches -40 degrees, and in summer, which is very short here, +14 degrees. The Indigirka is a winding river, flowing into the East Siberian Sea, it forms a delta that is quite wide in area (5.5 thousand sq. km). The average current speed is 3 m/s. The Indigirka River has mixed nutrition. In spring, as well as in summer, it is characterized by high water, which occurs due to the melting of ice. The river is mainly fed by rain and snow. In winter, the entire river freezes, as the temperature of its waters reaches minus 50. Basically, from October to May-June, the reservoir is under ice.

Fauna and river navigation

The Indigirka River runs through the tundra, taiga, forest-tundra and arctic forests. Its aquatic fauna is very rich and has 29 species of useful fish, including: sturgeon, chum salmon, omul, nelma, pink salmon, vendace, muksun, broad whitefish and others. The river described above in Yakutia is the only transport route in this region. The shipping route runs from the mouth of the river. Momy, in the delta - along the branch channel of the river. Srednyaya, the entrance to which from the sea is limited by the mouth depth with drifts of 0.5-0.6 m. In addition, sometimes navigation is carried out along the branch of the Russko-Ustinskaya channel to the village. Russian Ustye. For tourists and travelers visiting Yakutia in the summer, the main activities and entertainment on Indigirka are fishing and rafting and kayaking.

Flow

The fall of the Indigirka River is expressed as 1,000 m. Its slope is 57.9 cm/km. Near the mouth of the left-side tributary at 165 km of the Taskan River, the waters of the Indigirka merge into a single channel. The speed of its flow also increases sharply. Running in a huge arc along a steep slope, after 5 km it makes a turn to the north, after which it squeezes into the gorge of the Porozhnotsepinsky rocky granite massif. Next begins the famous Big Gorge (Ulakhan-Khapchagai). This interval of the Indigirka is also called the Momskie rapids, or the Busika rapids. This name was given to this place in memory of the head of the expedition from the People's Commissariat of Water Transport, V.D. Busik, who died here in 1931 during a preliminary exploration of the rapids.

Nature the creator

The hundred-kilometer gorge, gracefully cut almost 2 km into the granite massifs of the picturesque Porozhny and Chemalginsky ranges, looks very impressive. A series of steep cliffs, rising one after another and competing in height, look unusually beautiful. The rock obelisks perched on the ridges separating the side tributaries and the fabulous sculptures from the weathered limestone outcrops are thoroughly impressive. Multi-colored block screes, like trains, descend to the river. And how many beautiful taiga corners open to the eye along the banks, which are paved with large boulders! The only pity is that frequent pressures and very steep slopes make it possible to pass through the gorge along the shore only when the water level is low. Needless to say, Indigirka is a river with surprises.

Water flow through the gorge

The Indigirka makes its way through the Porozhny ridge for the first 50 km. The slope here increases to 3 meters for each subsequent kilometer, due to which the speed reaches 15-20 km/h. Rushing between the sides of the gorge, Indigirka washes away rocky cliffs. The bends are decorated with entire braids of large rounded boulders. The stream bed here reaches 150-200 m.

And in those places where hard bedrock (granite and others) come to the surface, you can find ridge-like rapids. They are usually located near the banks, not occupying more than 1/3 of the width of the river bed. The water flow, possessing enormous power and energy, paved its way, clearing the fairway literally throughout the ongoing gorge. The Indigirka reaches a depth of 3-5 m here, and in the narrowest places it reaches 10 m. Foam pits, two-meter “standing shafts” and other focuses of the turbulent flow are difficult to pass.

mountain range

Another attraction that this river in Yakutia has is the Chersky ridge. It is located in the North-East of Siberia. But it can hardly be called a ridge in the usual sense of the word, since it is an entire mountain system stretching for 1.5 thousand km. The Chersky Ridge was once formed during the Mesozoic folding, after which it split into separate blocks during the Alpine period. Some of them rose and were called horsts, while others, on the contrary, sank and were called grabens. The highest point of the ridge is Mount Pobeda, which has a height of 3,003 meters. In the western part, in the interfluve, which is formed by the Indigirka (river) together with the Yana, there are many more ridges that are quite impressive in their height.

Conclusion

To summarize, I would like to say that, in addition to its beauty, Indigirka and its shores attract people with their mineral resources. Since ancient times, coal was mined here and gold was mined. Local residents are engaged in reindeer herding and fishing, and these industries are quite well developed here. In addition, Indigirka is one of the significant water transport arteries of Yakutia. For those who are not attracted to life in large and noisy cities and who prefer the promise of being closer to nature, the cities and settlements on the banks of this river will appeal. Pristine landscapes of extraordinary beauty and clean air give unforgettable moments of unity with nature.

Indigirka (Yakut. Indigiir) is a river in the northeast of Yakutia.
The hydronym Indigirka is based on the Even generic name Indigir - “people of the Indi clan” (-gir Even suffix plural). Or Dog River.
The length of the river is 1726 km, the basin area is 360 thousand km². The beginning of the Indigirka is taken to be the confluence of two rivers - Tuora-Yuryakh (Khastakh, Khalkan or Kalkan - 251 km) and Taryn-Yuryakh (63 km), which originate on the northern slopes of the Khalkan ridge; flows into the East Siberian Sea. The total length of Indigirka and Tuora-Yuryakh (Khastakh or Kalkan) is 1977 km. The Indigirka basin is located in an area of ​​development of permafrost rocks, and therefore its rivers are characterized by the formation of giant aufeis.

According to the structure of the valley and channel and the speed of the flow, Indigirka is divided into two sections: the upper mountain (640 km) and the lower plain (1086 km). After the confluence of the Tuora-Yuryakh and Taryn-Yuryakh rivers, the Indigirka flows northwest along the lowest part of the Oymyakon Highlands, turning north, cutting through a number of mountain ranges of the Chersky ridge. The width of the valley here is from 0.5-1 to 20 km, the bed is pebbly, there are many rivers, the flow speed is 2-3.5 m/s. When crossing the Chemalginsky ridge, the Indigirka flows in a deep gorge and forms rapids; flow speed 4 m/s. This area is unsuitable even for rafting. Above the mouth of the Moma River, where the Indigirka River enters the Momo-Selennyakh depression, the lower section begins. The Indigirka Valley is expanding, the channel is replete with shoals and spits, and in some places it breaks into branches. Having rounded the Momsky ridge, the Indigirka flows further along the low-lying plain. On the Abyi lowland it is very winding; on the Yano-Indigirka lowland, the Indigirka is characterized by straight long stretches 350-500 m wide. 130 km from the mouth, the Indigirka breaks into branches (the main ones: Russian mouth, Sredniy - the largest, Kolyma), forming a delta (with an area of ​​5500 km²). The mouth of the Indigirka is separated from the sea by a shallow bar.

INDIGIRKA RIVER
The Indigirka River flows in the northeast of Siberia, through the territory of Yakutia. The name of the river comes from the Even family name Indigir - “people of the Indi clan”. Russian explorers of the 17th century. they pronounced this name as Indigirka - just like the names of other large Siberian rivers: Kureika, Tunguska, Kamchatka.
The Indigirka is formed by the confluence of the Khastakh and Taryn-Yuryakh rivers, in the upper reaches it flows along the Oymyakon plateau, cuts through the Chersky ridge along a narrow deep valley, in the lower reaches it flows along the Yana-Indigirka lowland. The riverbed of the Indigirka is very winding. The Indigirka is divided into two sections according to the structure of the valley and channel, as well as the speed of the current: the upper mountain (length 640 km) and the lower plain (length 1086 km).
When it flows into the East Siberian Sea, 130 km from the mouth, the Indigirka breaks into branches (Russkoe estuary, Sredniy and Kolyma), forming a delta with an area of ​​5.5 thousand km2.
Almost half of the annual flow occurs during the flood period in May - July. Due to the permafrost rocks through which the river flows, it is characterized by the formation of giant ice dams, and in winter the Indigirka in its lower reaches completely freezes over.
Since the river is filled with rapids and rifts in many places, navigation along the Indigirka is possible only in the middle and lower reaches, from the confluence of the Moma River (406 km).
Compared to other rivers of North-Eastern Siberia, the Indigirka is not rich in fish, but what is there is of valuable species: sterlet, burbot, shooting range, muksun, peled, vendace, broad white salmon, nelma, omul, whitefish, and at the mouth of the river there is flounder.
The Indigirka basin is a famous gold mining area.
“All the rifts, and the rifts...” - this line from the song of the bard Alexander Gorodnitsky perfectly describes the nature of the bed of the Indigirka River.
The Indigirka flows from the southern to the northern border of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), crossing four geographical zones (from south to north): taiga forests, forest-tundra, tundra and arctic desert.
It was possible to study the bed of the Indigirka in detail only in 1926 by the expedition of the Soviet geologist and future academician Sergei Vladimirovich Obruchev (1891-1965), the son of the famous traveler and explorer Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev (1863-1956). In 1926-1935 S. Obruchev studied the Indigirka basin and for the first time established that there were industrial reserves of gold there. S. Obruchev continued and completed the study of the large mountain system in the Indigirka basin, begun by I. D. Chersky (1845-1892), and named it after the discoverer - the Chersky ridge.
Currently, Indigirka remains one of the main water transport arteries in the North-East of Russia. On its shore is the northern pole of cold - the village of Oymyakon. In 1933, a temperature of -67.7°C was recorded here. True, a number of experts consider Verkhoyansk to be the pole of cold.
Another less famous attraction of Indigirka is the abandoned city of Zashiversk. It was founded in 1639, in 1783-1805. was a county town, but after the smallpox epidemic of 1812-1856. the inhabitants abandoned it, and by the end of the 19th century it was completely deserted.

CLIMATE AND WEATHER
Sharply continental.
Long winter, short summer.
Average January temperature: -40.7°C.
Average July temperature: +14°C.
Average annual precipitation: 218 mm.
Relative humidity: 70%.
Freeze-up from October to May, ice drift for 3-4 days.

ECONOMY
Minerals: gold, coal (Moma basin).
River navigation.
Tourism (rafting and amateur fishing).

ATTRACTIONS
■ Natural: Oymyakon - the northern pole of cold, the Indigirka delta with its sleeves.
■ Historical: the abandoned city of Zashiversk.
■ Cult: Zashiverskaya Chapel (2000).
■ In the village of Chokurdakh, at the mouth of the Indigirka, one of the northern ports of Russia is located: the duration of navigation is less than three months.

Hydrology
Indigirka is fed by rain and melt (snow, glacial and ice) waters. Flood in the warm part of the year; The flow in spring is 32%, in summer 52%, in autumn about 16%, in winter less than 1% and the river freezes in places (Crest Major, Chokurdakh). The average flow rate at Ust-Nera is 428 m³/s, the maximum is 10,600 m³/s, at Vorontsov, respectively, 1570 m³/s and 11,500 m³/s. The range of level fluctuations is 7.5 and 11.2 m, the highest levels in June - early July. Annual flow at the mouth is 58.3 km³; solid waste 13.7 million tons. Freezes in October, opens at the end of May - beginning of June.

Tributaries
In its upper reaches, the Indigirka receives its main tributaries: on the left - Kuidusun, Kuente, Elgi, on the right - Nera. The main tributaries of the lower reaches: on the right - Moma, Badyarikha, on the left - Selennyakh, Uyandina, Allaikha, Boryolekh.

Settlements
On Indigirka there are Oymyakon, Ust-Nera, Khonuu, Belaya Gora, Chokurdakh.
Navigable from the mouth of the Moma River (1134 km). Main piers: Khonuu, Druzhina, Chokurdakh, Tabor. In the Indigirka basin there is gold mining.

Nature
The Indigirka is rich in fish; at the mouth there is a fishery for vendace, broad whitefish, muksun, nelma, omul, and whitefish.

Attractions
On Indigirka there is the northern pole of cold - the village of Oymyakon and the monument city of Zashiversk, which died out from smallpox in the 19th century.

CHERSKY RIDGE
The Chersky Ridge is located in the North-East of Siberia, but is not a ridge in the usual sense of the word, but is a mountain system extending over 1500 km. The highest point is Mount Pobeda, 3003 meters (according to outdated data 3147 meters).
The Chersky Ridge is one of the last large geographical objects to appear on the map of our country. It was discovered by S. V. Obruchev in 1926 and named after the researcher I. D. Chersky, who died during an expedition to North-Eastern Siberia in 1892. The boundaries of the mountain system are the Yano-Oymyakon Highlands in the southwest and the Momo-Selennyakh rift depression in the northeast. It extends across the territory of Yakutia and the Magadan region.
In the western part of the mountain system, between the Yana and Indigirka rivers, there are the Hadaranya (up to 2185 m), Tas-Khayakhtakh (2356 m), Chemalginsky (2547 m), Kurundya (1919 m), Dogdo (2272 m), Chibagalakhsky (2449 m) ridges ), Borong (2681 m), Silyapsky (2703 m), etc. In the east, in the upper reaches of the Kolyma, there are the Ulakhan-Chistai ridges (the highest point of Pobeda - 3003 m), Cherge (2332 m), etc. Often to the system The Chersky ridge also includes the Momo-Selennyakh intermountain depression and the Selennyakhsky, Momsky and some others ridges rising above it in the north.
The Chersky Ridge was formed during the Mesozoic folding, then gradually penetrified, and during the Alpine folding it split into separate blocks, some of which rose (horsts), while others sank (grabens). Medium-altitude mountains predominate. The ridges rising to 2000-2500 m (Ulakhan-Chistai, Chibagalakhsky, etc.) are distinguished by alpine relief and bear modern glaciers. The axial parts of the mountain system are composed of highly dislocated and metamorphosed Paleozoic carbonate rocks, and the margins are composed of marine and continental strata of the Permian, Triassic and Jurassic periods (shales, sandstones and siltstones); in many places these rocks are intruded by powerful intrusions of granitoids, which are associated with deposits of gold, tin and other minerals.
The climate is harsh, sharply continental. In winter, a temperature inversion is observed when the temperature drops from the tops of the ridges (−34 ... −40 °C) to the lows (−60 °C). Summers are short and cool, with frequent frosts and snowfalls. The average July temperature rises from 3 °C in the highlands to 13 °C in some valleys. Precipitation is from 300 to 700 mm per year (up to 75% of its amount falls in summer). Permafrost is everywhere.
Many rivers, including the Indigirka and its tributaries, cross the ridges in very narrow valleys; The Moma and Selennyakh flow in intermountain basins and have wide, sometimes swampy valleys. The rivers are fed by melting snow and summer rains. Over 60% of the annual runoff occurs in summer, winter runoff is no more than 5% of the annual flow. In winter, ice dams are common, and small rivers freeze to the bottom.
The altitudinal zonation is represented by tall poplar-chozenia forests at the bottom of river valleys, sparse larch forests in the lower part of the slopes of ridges and thickets of dwarf cedar and alder, as well as rocky, lichen and shrub tundras in the highlands. At the tops of the highest ridges there are cold rocky deserts.

Yakut Santa Claus

POLE OF COLD
Oymyakon (Yakut: Өimөkөөn) is a village in the Oymyakonsky ulus of Yakutia, on the left bank of the Indigirka River.
Oymyakon is best known as one of the “Poles of Cold” on the planet; according to a number of parameters, the Oymyakon Valley is the most severe place on Earth where a permanent population lives.

Oymyakon is the center of the rural settlement “Borogonsky 1st Nasleg”.
Oymyakon is located in high latitudes (but south of the Arctic Circle), day length varies from 4 hours 36 minutes on December 22 to 20 hours 28 minutes on June 22, from May 24 to July 21, there are white nights and light all day long. From May 14 to July, the height of the sun at noon is above 45 degrees and the midday shadow is shorter than the vertical object; from August to May 13, the height of the sun at noon is below 45 degrees and the midday shadow is longer than the vertical object; from May to August 13, nights with navigational twilight last, with Twilight nights with astronomical twilight continue from April 13 to August. The first night with navigational twilight is celebrated on the first day of the last month of calendar spring, the last day with a sun height at noon above 45 degrees is celebrated on the last day of the second month of calendar summer.
The village is located at an altitude of 745 meters above sea level.
The settlements closest to the village are Khara-tumul (the closest) and Bereg-yurdya. Also very close to the village are Tomtor, Yuchyugey and the Airport.

Climate
Oymyakon has a rather complex climate. The climate is influenced by the latitude of the village, equal to 63.27 degrees (subpolar latitudes), great distance from the ocean (sharply continental climate), and location at an altitude of 741 meters above sea level (affected by altitudinal zone). Altitude lowers the temperature by 4 degrees compared to what it would be at sea level and speeds up the cooling of the air at night. In winter, cold air flows into the village, since it is located in a basin. Summer is short, with a large difference in daily temperatures; during the day it can be +30 °C and above, but at night the temperature can drop by 15-20 °C. The average annual atmospheric pressure in Oymyakon is 689 millimeters of mercury. The absolute minimum temperature at the Airport is −64.3 degrees.

At the moment, the authorities of Yakutia have resolved the dispute in favor of Verkhoyansk, but the question remains open: a number of scientists and meteorological observations clearly indicate the advantage of Oymyakon in the dispute for the “frosty championship of the Northern Hemisphere.” Although the minimum average monthly temperature in Verkhoyansk in January is 3 degrees lower than in Oymyakon (-57.1 in 1892), and is also lower on average in January, February, April, June, July, August and December, according to today's data the annual average the temperature in Oymyakon is 0.3 degrees lower than in Verkhoyansk, and the absolute minimum, according to unofficial data, is 12.2 degrees lower. If we take official data, the temperature will rise by 4.4 degrees.

Temperature observation technique
It is necessary to clarify the location of meteorological observations. Regular weather observations are carried out at Oymyakon airport, which is located 40 km from the village of the same name and 2 km from the village of Tomtor. However, when talking about minimum temperatures, the name Oymyakon is always used. This is due to the fact that Oymyakon is not only the name of the village, but also the name of the area.
In addition to the extreme cold in winter, in summer Oymyakon experiences temperatures above +30 °C. On July 28, 2010, a heat record (as well as monthly and absolute) was recorded in the village. Then the air warmed up to +34.6 °C. The difference between the absolute maximum and minimum temperatures is more than one hundred degrees, and according to this indicator, Oymyakon ranks one of the first places in the world.
According to unofficial data, in 1938 the temperature in the village was -77.8°C. The Antarctic Vostok station recorded the lowest temperature on Earth (-89.2 °C), but the station is located at an altitude of 3488 m above sea level, and, if both temperatures are adjusted to sea level, it is the coldest place on the planet Oymyakon will be recognized (-68.3 and −77.6 degrees, respectively).

FISHING ON INDIGIRKA
Fishing report: January 14, 2013 - January 15, 2013, Indigirka river
Fishing date: January 14, 2013 - January 15, 2013
Body of water: Indigirka river
Place - region/district: Sakha (Yakutia)
Detailed description of the place:
Route Yakutsk - Khandyga - Yuchugei - Tomtor. Indigirka River.
Description of the road:
Road M56 “Kolyma” (Kolyma highway), the distance from Yakutsk to the village of Tomtor (Oymyakonsky ulus) is approximately 940 km. The condition of the route is satisfactory.
Weather: The weather is stable, constantly minus 48-52 degrees Celsius. There is no wind.
Condition of the reservoir:
The strength of the current is very strong, approximately 3 meters per second.
Fishing method: Spinning, Jig
My tackle:
Ice drill Mora Ice Arctic 130, Extreme Fishing fishing rod D70mm, winter fishing line Salmo Ice 0.15, 0.30 mm.
My lures:
Flies of light colors, “snitch” for catching burbot.
Bait: The “snitch” was baited with shrimp and pieces of squid.
What kind of fish did you catch: grayling, burbot
Biting/fish activity: Sluggish, but catchable during daylight hours.
My catch: 5-10 kilograms
The largest fish is burbot, 4.5 kg.
Detailed fishing report
The other day I went to the Oymyakonsky ulus, the village of Tomtor (Pole of Cold). The impetus for this trip was an acquaintance who flew in from Moscow for this purpose, he is also a “cold hunter”. The purpose of the "expedition" was not fishing, but viewing the sights of the Pole of Cold.
But, we still found time to go fishing for a few hours (Indigirka River). On the advice of local fishermen, who know all the habits of local fish (grayling, lenok, burbot), we trusted their gear.
To catch grayling you need flies (preferably with a light color), monofilament 0.15-18 mm, and a weight of 20-30 grams. We knit a weight at the end of the fishing line and alternately 2 flies, the interval between the flies is 30-40 cm. It turned out something like a DROPSHOT. Mostly grayling fish bite on this rig. Game: without lifting the load too much from the bottom, gently tug with a nod. Grayling bites are very gentle, as they say, barely “audible” when you nod.
Tackle for catching burbot, here you need a thicker monofilament line: 0.30 mm, or even 0.40 mm, a weight from 40 to 50 grams, two leashes of 20 cm, 2 tees. Tap the bottom at intervals of 10 seconds.
Bait: shrimp on a hook with pieces of squid, a kind of sandwich.
Of course, we didn’t catch many fish. But, several graylings and burbots were caught. Nalimov took a photo with his camera, and it seemed to work out well. Well, the locals took pictures of the Kharyuz, and I, being carried away by the process of extreme fishing, completely forgot about the camera. Valentin was lucky; a burbot weighing more than 4 kg pecked at his “snitch”; he even had to widen the hole with an ice pick.
I was surprised that the ice of the Indigirka River is not at all thick, in some places up to 40 cm, and in other reservoirs of Yakutia the thickness of the ice is already more than a meter.
In general, I was left with a good impression of Oymyakon; although the landscape is winter, it still exudes the beauty and severity of our northern region.
Pysy: in the summer they were officially invited to go fishing in Lake Labynkyr, where, according to local legends, there lives a monster described as similar to a plesiosaur. Old residents of Tomtor believe that the animal, called the “devil,” has lived in the lake since time immemorial and behaves extremely aggressively.
Stories are passed down from mouth to mouth about how one day an unknown creature climbed onto the shore and chased a Yakut fisherman until he died of fear. Another time, the “devil” stuck his head out of the water and, in front of the village residents, swallowed a swimming dog. The most common object of hunting is deer. They tell how a local shepherd tied a reindeer team to some kind of tusk sticking out of the ice, and while he was making a fire on the shore he heard a crash - the tusk swayed, the ice fell apart, and something huge carried the deer into the abyss.
The largest fish of Lake Labynkyr is burbot (“host”). In addition to it, at least 20 species of fish live in the lake (pike, tom, grayling, lenok, alimba, whitefish, whitefish, char, dolly malma...). So there is more than enough food for a potential giant animal
Well, we will wait for the onset of the summer season.
General summary: In winter the fish are sluggish, you need to go in the summer. Fishing at -50 degrees, to put it mildly: very uncomfortable. In winter, temperatures sometimes reach -60% Celsius. The highest recorded low temperature in Tomtor is -71.2
So the show “The Last Hero” nervously smokes on the sidelines. Indigirka River

TRAVEL AROUND INDIGIRKA (YAKUTIA)
(article by Sergei Karpukhin)

So, on June 19, in the evening we managed to get on the water and walk the first kilometers of the river on our catamaran. I’ll immediately point out that this part of Indigirka is far from the most interesting and I had no illusions about this. However, in this part it was also necessary to film and show this part of the river somehow. And from the very beginning it was clear that the river would have to be developed photographically with the active use of the upper points. That is, you need to run around the nearby hills to find good angles from above. It is from above that one can most likely show the river in the most representative way. But in this part of the river the peas are exactly the problem. No, there are quite a few of them in the surrounding area, but they are all somehow far from the river.
However, already at the first parking lot I had my eye on one place where the river approaches a low hill and even slightly cuts it along the right bank, about 15-20 kilometers below the bridge. This is almost reaching the mouth of Kuidusun. It was already at night on June 20th and we arrived there, fortunately there is no night here at this time of year. It must be said that in this part of the river, on top of everything else, a good parking place is difficult to find. Moreover, even getting pregnant turned out to be not so easy. Perhaps simply because there is too much water in the river.
As is usually the case in landscape photography, finding an angle is not enough, you also need good light and condition. But nothing amazing happened in two days at the chosen point; what’s more, the weather turned bad, we had to wait it out, and when it got better, it didn’t show anything outstanding either. The harvest turned out to be meager, so today’s post will be short. But I don’t set myself the task of showing only beautiful cards from the expedition; this can be collected in one post and that’s it. Imagining the river and its appearance as much as possible is what I want. And as I already promised, I give the location of the shooting point in coordinates - 63°N 23.934-143°E 19.235, and under the cut is a piece of the map where I marked this point.
This is what the river looks like below the parking point. It’s hard to see in the photo, but the village of Tomtor is visible under the mountains in the upper right part of the frame. And from this point on the mountain there is mobile communication from the village. Further up to Ust-Nera it is deaf.

Even when we were just getting ready to go to Yakutia, information came that Ysyakh, an annual and traditional Yakut holiday, was being started in Tomtor. Until now, I somehow never managed to get on it, despite the fact that this is not the first time in Yakutia. And here everything seems to be going well, and if we arrive as planned, then it would be quite possible to visit and photograph this spring festival. However, as I described earlier, the flood that occurred and the destroyed Kolyma highway made adjustments not only to our plans, but also to the plans of the local administration. After all, this time a grandiose youth Ysyakh was planned and young people from all over Yakutia were supposed to gather in Tomtor. How will people come if there is no road? Therefore, the opening of the holiday was postponed to June 22. We arrived in Tomtor on June 18th and, of course, we couldn’t afford to wait that long for the event. But I also didn’t want to miss the opportunity to get interesting material. That's why I came up with this arrangement...
For now we are starting rafting along the Indigirka, the first days of which I already described in the previous post, but we are going only to the village of Oymyakon, which is located on the left bank of the Indigirka, about forty kilometers from the start of the rafting. There we slow down and from there I find the opportunity to go to Tomtor on Ysyakh, and Valera will remain to look after the entire household. There is a road between the villages, the distance is only 40 kilometers, so the plans are quite feasible. And on June 21, we left the first stop, which I told you about last time, and went to Oymyakon, where we ended up in the evening of that day.

Oymyakon is a pole of cold. Indeed, this region has the coldest winters in the entire northern hemisphere. And this is the main local attraction.

I must say that in the first days of the rafting we still couldn’t get along with our partner. Frankly speaking, our alloy did not stick well. Or rather, it just had to stick. My catamaran has already covered many kilometers before, but this is the first time it has broken through a gondola. On the approach to the village, they began to look for a convenient place where to stand on the outskirts, so as not to be seen and at the same time, so that it was not far from the village. Then you will have to look for an opportunity to go to Tomtor.
As a result, we stuck into a narrow channel right on the outskirts of the village and somewhere on the shallows, from which a lot of glass was sticking out, but we saw this later and found our very sharp piece of glass. The water began to boil under the right gondola and we urgently had to throw ourselves ashore. And in order not to be stuck with this misfortune right in the village, they rushed to the other side of the channel. As a result, we ended up on an island, where we then had to spend the whole day repairing the gondola. And only the next day, that is, on June 22, we got on the water again and went just below the village, where we found a convenient parking place.
And I still managed to visit Ysyakh, but I’ll tell you about that next time. In the meantime, a few photos from the village of Oymyakon so that you have an idea of ​​what everything looks like there.

To begin with, a few landscapes from the shore on the outskirts of the village where we stopped, so that what happens next doesn’t seem so sad.
About 500 people live in Oymyakon and it is a livestock village. The main village of Oymyakonya is still considered Tomtor, despite the fact that the administrative center of the Oymyakon ulus is Ust-Nera.
Local supermarket. It seems that there are only a couple of stores here, the opening hours of which are very limited in time. It was not possible to get acquainted with the assortment, but you can guess.
But I managed to try the local sour cream, it’s very good. There is even something like a dairy plant here.
They say that during the winter one house consumes several truckloads of firewood.
But there is still no mobile communication in the village, although there seem to be plans for it in the near future. Available only in Tomtor. I remember it wasn’t there in 2010 either.

I managed to visit Ysyakh. Having settled on the banks of the Indigirka River, just below the village of Oymyakon, he left Valera with all the household, and on the morning of June 23rd he went to the village with the hope of finding some opportunity to go to Tomtor. It turned out that almost half of Oymyakon also intended to attend the festival. As a result, finding transport was not difficult. I hoped, of course, to get it done in one day, return to Oymyakon in the evening and continue sailing the Indigirka another day. But it was not there. It turns out that this was just a preliminary, rehearsal day and we didn’t manage to see or film anything worthwhile. I had to return to Oymyakon with almost nothing and spend another day on Ysyakh, the very next day.

Well what can I say. The scale of the event amazed me. Unfortunately, I don’t know the roots and traditions of this holiday well enough. I can only say that for the Yakuts this is a very important holiday, perhaps the most important. Here it seems like both the Yakut New Year and the spring holiday at the same time. Therefore, I will not be clever with words here, but rather I will show a lot of photographs and in return I will ask my Yakut friends to enlighten us a little about the Ysyakh holiday. Write directly in the comments. True, they explained to me that this was a youth Ysyakh and it was very different from the traditional one. It turned out more like a youth festival, but with elements of national traditions.
2. The event was traditionally held on the outskirts of Tomtor near the road to the airport. Here, some time ago, this house was built, something like the residence of Chyskhaan, the Yakut Father Frost.

Well, the beautiful Ysyakh holiday is over, it’s time to know the honor, or rather, to set sail from the shore near Oymyakon in search of new angles on Indigirka. However, during the holiday one event occurred that made quite significant changes in the course of the expedition. Allow me a few words in order. On the first day of Ysyakh, when I first arrived in Tomtor, the first thing I did was call Semyon Baishev. He immediately expressed a desire to meet and half an hour later came up to me in the clearing where the holiday was just being prepared. But he came up not alone, but with a young man in whom I recognized Yura, whom I had seen until now only in photographs. So, this Yura is another participant in my expedition, but he was supposed to join us not even in Tomtor, but only in Ust-Nera. To avoid any judgments, I will tell his story very briefly. Before joining the expedition, Yura planned an independent rafting alone, first along Artyk, but something didn’t work out there, and as a result he went along Kyubyum.
And this is very close to Tomtor. It was his debut and the debut was not a success, which does not surprise me at all, after I got to know the person better. In short, his rafting very quickly ended in overkill, but fortunately the road was nearby and Yura went out onto it, throwing away a bunch of, as it turned out, unnecessary things and equipment. (Of what he had left, another half could definitely have been left behind, but a lot what was needed was just missing.
I didn’t want to make assessments, but it just doesn’t work out.) And so Yura found himself in Tomtor, thinking about what to do next, it’s good that Semyon sheltered him. And then I very opportunely showed up and the issue was resolved on its own. Of course, you need to join the expedition. We must still give the man his due, despite Yura’s unsuccessful start, he had no intention of letting me down in any way, and in any case, he intended to arrive in Ust-Nera by the specified date.

We set sail from the shore near Oymyakon on June 25, now the three of us. And it’s better than two people, it’s been proven. The holidays are over, now all that remains is to photograph the landscapes of Indigirka. And as I have long understood, here you need to look for parking places where it is not only convenient to set up a camp, but also there is an opportunity to climb to the highest shooting points.
On this day we wanted to go further, because we had already spent so many days in the vicinity of Tomtor, and the first stage ends in ten days and on July 5th we definitely need to be in Ust-Nera, where Valera should leave us, but a new one should arrive instead participant. But there is nowhere to rush, the current on the river is quite fast, and the distance of three hundred kilometers is not that great. In short, we walked a joking 55 kilometers that day. In fact, they didn’t even want that much, but they still couldn’t find an acceptable place. As a result, they found him on the island around one in the morning. But the channels that are closer to the shore here turned out to be very shallow and it was quite possible to walk in waders to the side of the mountain and, accordingly, climb it. But this is the next day. We had a day at this place, otherwise we wouldn’t have been able to film anything. Although the harvest turned out to be not very rich. As always, there was a lack of interesting states and unusual light.

Usually I chose the next parking spot in advance, using the map. The principle, as I already said, is simple: having the opportunity to reach the top shooting point. It was easy to predict this possibility from the map; it was also possible to predict how interesting the angles would be. But how convenient the anchorage would be in terms of everyday life could only be seen on the spot; most often the place was rejected for the reason that it was simply not possible to dock normally.
As well as other nuances that affect the comfort of living. This time I planned a stop very close to the previous shooting point. But this turned out to be the case when the real place did not arouse enthusiasm. As a result, we slipped past and swam further, looking at the shores, maybe something interesting would turn up. And on the next kilometer, we first saw a motor boat on the left bank, and after another few hundred meters some antennas behind the trees, and then buildings. Of course, we decided to land and see what kind of dwelling this is, far from populated areas. But before I even came ashore, it already became clear that this was a weather station. And, apparently, it is working. But we had no information about its availability. Well, let there be a surprise.

Leaving the men at the catamaran, I went on reconnaissance myself. On the shore, next to the house on which hung a sign - Yurta Weather Station, apparently disturbed by the barking of dogs, the owner met us. Hello, hello, we’re not locals ourselves, can we find some water to drink, otherwise we want to eat so much that there’s nowhere to spend the night, and it looks like you have a bathhouse. My friendly openness immediately worked, and although the owner himself was sleeping at that time, after night duty, they gave us the go-ahead to stop, and they also correctly understood the hints about the bathhouse. This was already relevant, because they didn’t wash properly from Moscow itself, and today it’s been almost two weeks since they left her home.
I’m cursing myself now, but I should have recorded some kind of interview with the guys. After all, the married couple Valera and Larisa live here on the outskirts, far from civilization. They serve at a weather station, every day they provide information on temperature, pressure, humidity and other nuances, on the basis of which weather forecasts are then built. To my assumption that the guys are from Novosibirsk, they answered in the affirmative.
It is there that there is a school of meteorologists, which supplies specialists to such weather stations. I have met graduates from there more than once in remote places. And I even found mutual acquaintances whom I had met fifteen years ago on other travels. Now the guys are here alone, but they are expecting another married couple soon, I really want to go on vacation. Usually, by the way, more than two people work at a weather station. But now the weather service is under pressure, because many weather stations have completely closed. And despite the rather specific working conditions, the salary here is unenviable. But in nature. Again, berries, mushrooms, fishing. But in the summer it’s so good, but in the winter it’s completely winter, and even the night is impenetrable.
And in the bathhouse, of course, we washed ourselves and the next day we left our hospitable hosts clean, well-fed and satisfied.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
http://karpukhins.livejournal.com/

photo and article from Sergei Karpukhin.
Rudich K.N. Mountains and gorges of Indigirka / Academy of Sciences of the USSR. - M.: Nauka, 1973. - 96 p. — (The present and future of the Earth and humanity). — 22,000 copies. (region)
Rudich K.N. The river that awakened the mountains / USSR Academy of Sciences. - M.: Nauka, 1977. - 160 p. — (Popular science series). — 34,700 copies. (region)
Chikachev A. G. Russians on Indigirka: Historical and ethnographic essay / Rep. ed. Dr. Philol. Sciences A.I. Fedorov; Reviewers: Dr. Ist. Sciences N. A. Minenko, Candidates of History. Sciences F. F. Bolonev, F. I. Zykov. Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy; Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences.. - Novosibirsk: Science, Siberian Branch, 1990. - 192 p. — (Pages of the history of our Motherland). — 25,000 copies. — ISBN 5-02-029623-6. (region)
State water register: Indigirka. state water register. Archived from the original on January 5, 2013.
Indigirka - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Indigirka in the Dictionary of Modern Geographical Names
http://wikimapia.org/
http://geosfera.info/
http://fion.ru/Pingator/38281/