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The sound of a metronome during the war. Scenario of the play-memory "Leningrad Metronome" (Siege of Leningrad)

10:30 — REGNUM From 1942 to 1945 Elizaveta Kurbatova, who recently turned 100 years old, worked as a senior technician at the Leningrad Radio House - provided uninterrupted operation The Leningrad metronome, which counted down the seconds of blockade time, was supposed to be practically a “perpetual motion machine.”

The “keeper” of the metronome herself is from legendary family: her relatives fought on the Leningrad front and met Victory, and younger brother- died at Stalingrad.

Away from the main entrances

There are few such long-livers, but they exist, and their fates are bright touches to what was happening then.

On the eve of the 70th anniversary of the complete liberation of Leningrad from the siege, Elizaveta Kurbatova, Liza’s great-great-grandmother, turned one hundred years old. Everyone gathered - children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and great-great-grandchildren. Others came from other cities. She has two daughters, four grandchildren, eight great-grandchildren and two great-great-grandchildren.

In one of the houses on Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt on the Petrograd side she lives with one of her daughters and son-in-law, Evgenia and Evgeny Yakovlev, and her great-grandson, Nikita. One day her relatives asked her to write about herself what she remembered. I started it, then abandoned it; among the pages there are notes about the blockade. For the anniversary, the great-granddaughter prepared an album (monograph) containing old family photographs.

“The year of birth and month in my mother’s passport are indicated correctly,” said the daughter of the hero of the day, Evgenia. “But the day... Her parents, my grandparents, got married in 1913, and my mother was born in January 1914. But then in the registration book They didn’t write down the children’s birth dates right away, but when they started writing them down about two months later, exact date We didn’t remember, we wrote down the 15th - I think if we made a mistake, it wasn’t by much.”

In the twentieth year, Liza's brother and sister were born, twins - Leva and Eleanor, and in the twenty-sixth - the youngest - Sasha.

When the war began, Sasha was a teenager. I got to the front when the battle of Stalingrad was going on. From there, one letter came from him saying that he was in the hospital - slightly wounded. He asked his family not to worry, and wrote that everything would be fine. There were no more letters from him. The funeral has arrived.

Grandma Lisa has few childhood memories. Her mother Polina did not disdain any work: she washed, baked bread, raised poultry and piglets. Elizaveta remembers how she held tiny goslings in her hands - at one time her mother raised them and sold them. And my grandfather had special installation for making soda, which was also in great demand...

The most vivid childhood memory is a huge fire in the city. Then Lisa was six years old. The wind drove the fire along one side of the wide street where their house stood, which burned completely. Liza’s mother put her daughter in the park next to the stroller - there were a brother and sister in it - twins, and said: “Don’t leave”...

In 1931, she entered a vocational school, and then worked at the Central Telephone Center as a fitter. Labor books It didn’t exist then, but certificates have been preserved that indicate the dates and qualifications.

Before the war, she worked at a record factory, studied at evening preparatory courses and entered the Energy Technical School, which was located on the 8th line of Vasilievsky Island, next to the embankment.

In 1941 I was in my fourth year. When the war started, the technical school was evacuated. She stayed, and in order to complete her studies, she transferred to the communications technical school, the certificate of completion of which she received in the difficult year of 1942. There is a photo of her with her classmates and teacher. Among her peers is her friend Zhenya, with whom she was later friends all her life, until Zhenya’s death - they worked together on the radio during the blockade.

Go to the front to survive

The friend was friends with a young man, Seryozha, who was studying two years older. He came into their group once, came in a second time, and he liked Lisa. It ended with the fact that on the very threshold of World War II, on September 4, 1939, they got married. We celebrated this event modestly. There was a restaurant in the Oktyabr cinema where he and his mother came. And on the 7th, Sergei was already taken into the army. The Finnish War, the Great Patriotic War - it all happened. He was a signalman and defender of Leningrad.

Then Elizaveta and her sister lived on Fontanka, 64 (corner of Lomonosov and Fontanka streets). City center: School 206, st. Lomonosova, Fontanka, Shcherbakov lane and st. Rubinstein - places where in post-war years her children's childhood passed.

At the beginning of the war, Lisa was sent to the trenches. “We went there in the summer. I remember the Batetskaya station (ed.: now the territory of the Novgorod region) - tons of people. One night they woke us up and told us to run to the train, but certainly with shovels, because if we don’t take shovels, they’ll leave us on the platform. The man who woke us up said that this was the last train going to Leningrad - the Nazis were on the outskirts, there would be no more trains. We ran, and the enemy planes were flying so low that it seemed they were about to touch our heads, and they were firing at the unarmed The train was jam-packed, people were riding on buffers and roofs - whoever could arrange it,” Elizaveta Iosifovna shared her memories.

When we returned from the defensive lines, I got a job as a nurse at evacuation hospital No. 992, and worked there until I got sick and ended up in the Botkin barracks. It was the most terrible, difficult time for the city - the winter of '42. That winter, her husband's relatives died - her mother and three brothers. What struck her most was the death of one of Sergei’s brothers, Zhenya, after whom she later named her daughter.

She was informed that Zhenya had died when she was in a hospital bed, and she asked her sister Eleonora (she was simply called Olya in the family) to bring her her husband’s clothes and shoes, because her legs were so swollen from hunger that it was impossible to wear her own shoes. put on. Somehow, the husband was informed about the death of his brother, and he told them to wait until Sunday, promised to dry the crackers so that they could pay for the body to be lowered from the fifth floor and taken on a sled to the Kuibyshev hospital, where the corpses were taken dead...

While Lisa was ill, the hospital where she worked was disbanded, and she got a job at the sanitary and epidemiological station. To prevent an epidemic in the city, these people went from house to house, removing feces and dirt, and carrying out corpses. “Very hard work,” she said and fell silent.

“During the years of the siege, my father appeared at home from time to time, thanks to this, my mother probably remained alive - he brought his front-line rations. At the slightest opportunity, he dried bread and picked mushrooms at the front. The only wartime photograph in which mom and dad are together is preserved in the family album. dated the end of December 1943, almost 70 years ago,” recalls Elizaveta Iosifovna’s daughter, leafing through the album.

In the winter of '42, Elizabeth's sister fell ill. In order to take her medicine for scurvy - the patient’s tongue did not fit in her mouth - she had to walk across the city to the hospital, located on the premises of the Mining Institute.

That winter was especially terrible because their card was stolen, and it was impossible to live on one. He was saved by his second cousin, who fought near Leningrad. He came to them when Olga had already recovered, and invited one of the sisters to join the women’s battalion to fight.

We decided that my mother had a husband - a family, and Olya was alone (she was only 21 years old, small in stature), it was more correct to go younger. “I’ll join the army,” she said, and went to the front, where she became a sniper and Komsomol organizer of the battalion that fought near Leningrad.

Olga, who returned from the war with medals, enjoyed fantastic respect. She did not die during the war, then she worked as the head of the quality control department of a large military plant that produced engines for trucks in Leningrad. The family has preserved a military newspaper, on one of the pages of which, “in the basement,” there is an article about this defender of Leningrad.

“I remember how, after breaking the blockade, Olga came from the front to the city, we went to the Bolshoi Drama Theater, and during the intermission we ate a piece of bread like a cake. Then I promised myself: wherever I go, I will take it with me, even in better times, a slice of bread,” recalls Elizaveta Iosifovna.

Leningrad metronome

Lisa joined the Radio House as a senior technician in July 1942 (there is a document in the family archive confirming this). She served there almost until the end of the war. And her best friend Zhenya worked in the radio house until her retirement.

“One of our duties was to strictly ensure that the metronome, which counted the seconds and sounded from all loudspeakers and radio points in the city, did not fade away for a second. We set the metronome to a certain rhythm, and during the bombing we went down into the bomb shelter. His heart is like the heart of the city beat sometimes frequently (“The shelling of the city begins”), sometimes rarely (“Everything is calm in the city”).

In the first months of the blockade, 1,500 loudspeakers were installed on the streets of Leningrad. The radio network provided information to the population about raids and air raid warnings. The sounds of the famous metronome, which went down in the history of the siege of Leningrad as a cultural monument of the population’s resistance, were broadcast during the raids through this network. A fast rhythm meant air raid warning, a slow rhythm meant lights out.

"Ordinary, but very necessary work at that time. When there were bombings, we were forced to go down to the bomb shelter. In 1944 I was in a position ( eldest daughter born in July 1944), it was hard to get down from the top floor. Of course, the authorities hit me hard for staying put... The empty corridors, with every step echoing in them, for some reason even during the bombings seemed safer,” she says about that period of her life.

Then she received rare news from relatives from the front. Her brother, twenty-year-old Leva was the commander of a penal battalion - that’s what the war ordered. When he was severely wounded, the orderlies considered him dead, but fate decided otherwise. When we walked around again we saw that he seemed to be alive. Almost a year after that he spent in the hospital...

During the war, there was a fire in a neighboring apartment; they lived on the fifth floor, and since the roof was badly damaged, they were moved to a small apartment on the floor below. In 1944, a military family returned here, they were evicted and given a room for four people on Lomonosov Street, in a room 32 meters high.

“How are we going to drown it!” my mother said, and resisted the relocation in every possible way - the living space seemed too big to her. Then our many relatives and friends gathered in it. We rejoiced at every meeting.

And now is a unique and joyful occasion - the centenary, everyone has arrived! On the anniversary day there were speeches and a huge cake, in the middle of which there was a fantastic number “one hundred,” the daughter smiles, showing off the anniversary photographs. And she recalled how, ten years after the war, mother Liza got a job at Lenizdat, where she was the foreman of cliche retouchers in photozincography - worked with small large-circulation newspapers on the sixth floor. Made people in photographs beautiful...

“In the summer, the family, as usual, goes to their dacha, which is near Mga (in these places during the war there were fierce battles). And now here our grandmother plays chess with her great-grandchildren. This game requires a bright mind, a sober memory. Sometimes she complains that she has become it’s worse to see,” the daughter throws up her hands.

Grandma Lisa has it heavenly protector who is responsible for her" technical condition". Like her during the blockade for the heartbeat of the Leningrad metronome.

“I love summer, my nimble grandchildren - great-grandchildren, my caring Zhenya,” Grandma Lisa shared with me. And when asked if she felt her age, she waved her hand at me and answered: “A hundred years... I can’t imagine!”

Evgenia Dyleva

On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the lifting of the BLOCKADE in Leningrad...

METRONOME

It's just a rhythm counter-
Metronome.
Sound of the Blockade.
Rhythm of mercy
enters the house.

Sometimes it's scary
Hear a knock.
It's cold.
This is hunger.
The sound of death.

This is a sign that there are living ones.
Sound in the wall.
It's there, they're sick
They believe me.

They believe that they will save you from death
Metronome.
They believe that the trouble is in the envelope
Blowjob house.

They believe that happiness will come
Forever.
Metronome-war participant...
.........

NEVER.

(I never thought
The rhythm is with you.
Even at school
Musical
Beat out the rhythm with your foot
Or they clapped their hands,
So as not to hear the METRONOME).

It stood in the closet as a memory
About the Blockade,
About the Blockade.
Clouds dragged on childhood
Outside the window.

That dawn.
______________

Once again I see that dawn -
Beautiful and innocent, like a bride...
And my mother is only seventeen years old
And all the soldiers of Brest breathe life.

Once again I see that dawn
In the cinema, from the TV screen, in a strict book...
I wasn’t even “in the project” then,
But my life is hidden in this moment.

Once again I see that dawn,
Shot by a bloody vulture.
Oh, how many tormented brides there are in it,
Forever unnamed sacred
the word "MOM"!
***

Why was a metronome needed in besieged Leningrad?
__________________________

Metronome (Greek Μέτρον - measure, Νόμος - law) -
a device capable of producing any quantity
clock fractions of time by ear.
Serves as an auxiliary device for establishing
precise rhythm in a piece of music.
***
In besieged Leningrad, when the radio did not work,
a metronome was beating on the air: a fast rhythm meant an air raid warning,
slow rhythm - lights out.
In Leningrad, surrounded by fascists, wired broadcasting
continued around the clock. Broadcast of concerts, Sovinformburo reports,
speeches on the radio network of famous citizens,
cultural figures instilled hope and faith in city residents
to inevitable victory over the invaders.

At the end of the programs the metronome sounded -
its knock was called the living beat of the HEART of Leningrad

In 1945, for the heroism and courage shown by the residents of Leningrad during the siege, the city was among the first to be awarded the title of Hero City.

Medal for the Defense of Leningrad
Medal "For the Defense of Leningrad": On front side The medals depict the outlines of the Admiralty and a group of soldiers with rifles at the ready. Along the perimeter is the inscription “FOR THE DEFENSE OF LENINGRAD.” The reverse side of the medal depicts the Hammer and Sickle. Below it is the text in capital letters: “For our Soviet Motherland.”
As of 1985, about 1,470,000 people were awarded the medal “For the Defense of Leningrad.”
Among those awarded are 15 thousand children and teenagers.

***
P.S. I was born in post-war Leningrad, my mother was an eyewitness to the Siege...
I WILL NEVER FORGET her stories about those terrible days...
***

To the question Metronome during the blockade. Why was he needed? given by the author Andrey Vink the best answer is Everything is much simpler than one might think.
In besieged Leningrad, the MPVO was in force, prohibiting turning off loudspeakers in the homes of Leningraders. Alerts about air or artillery raids were transmitted by radio.
At the moment when there was no broadcasting, a metronome signal was transmitted, which confirmed that the radio point was turned on and the radio network was working.

Answer from 2 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: Metronome during the blockade. Why was he needed?

Answer from Conficker[guru]
Even in the first months of the blockade, 1,500 loudspeakers were installed on the streets of Leningrad. The radio network carried information to the population about raids and air raid warnings. The famous metronome, which went down in the history of the siege of Leningrad as a cultural monument of the population’s resistance, was broadcast during the raids through this network. A fast rhythm meant air raid warning, a slow rhythm meant lights out.
In besieged Leningrad, when the radio was not working, a metronome beat on the air: a fast rhythm meant an air raid warning, a slow rhythm meant lights out.
In Leningrad, surrounded by fascists, wire broadcasting continued around the clock. Broadcasts of concerts, reports from the Sovinformburo, and speeches on the radio network by famous citizens and cultural figures instilled hope and faith in the city's residents in the inevitable victory over the invaders. At the end of the broadcasts, a metronome sounded - its beat was called the living heartbeat of Leningrad.

Answer from Grace[guru]
Its pace measured the chances of surviving during bombings and shelling... Only its rhythm sounded under bombs and shells: fast meant an air raid alarm, slow meant a clear out... A remarkable person who worked for many years at Leningrad Radio, journalist, teacher, Taisiya Mikhailovna Suvorova collected in the archives of Lenradio and transferred “Voices of Siege Leningrad” to Cherepovets; . Let them sound here, the true sounds of the Voice of life in the city of death, let them speak for themselves... In the first months of the blockade, 1,500 loudspeakers were installed on the streets of Leningrad, almost 450 thousand radio points worked in apartments and institutions

Answer from Nikolai Luzhnikov[guru]
In a city that finds itself in a state of siege without heat, light, or food products. doomed to the slow extinction of its inhabitants, the only means of communication between people. many of whom were dying of hunger and cold in their communal apartments, radio became available. A radio that notified residents of shelling and air raids. The radio, which brought information bureau reports to them, Supporting hope and faith in people with its short broadcasts. And in between, so that the radio would not be silent, a metronome would work. A metronome counting down the seconds of blockade time.
While the metronome sounded, people knew that the city was alive and resisting.

Answer from 2 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: Metronome during the blockade. Why was he needed?

In St. Petersburg today they are remembering one of the most tragic pages in the history of the city and the entire country. On September 8, 1941, the siege of Leningrad began.

The city on the Neva survived 900 days of difficult defense. These are bombings, massive artillery shelling, more than 100 thousand air raids. Leningrad did not give up, even when supplies of water, food and fuel had practically dried up, and... survived. But the cost was terrible: 800 thousand dead.

From St. Petersburg report NTV correspondent Nikolai Bulkin.

The monotonous sound of a metronome was heard today on many streets of the city from loudspeakers, forcing the townspeople to listen, because in some areas this knock was not heard due to the city noise.

Nevertheless, the knocking of a simple mechanical device, which is actually needed to fix the tempo of the music, is, of course, a strong reminder of the days of the siege. It was this sound that was broadcast on the radio in the city during the days of the blockade.

Today at exactly 11:10 a.m. the public address system in St. Petersburg started working again, and from time to time the metronome was interrupted by the sounds of a siren. In besieged Leningrad, the siren sounded every time during artillery shelling and air raids.

It is known for sure that during the war years and the days of the blockade such signals were sounded 3,740 times. Today they also made the townspeople shudder, not leaving passers-by indifferent.

Igor Isakov, a resident of besieged Leningrad: “I remember how we lived during the siege, how we sat and froze in the room when there were candles. And when the candles ran out, we started making smokehouses. They sat with them. And nothing else special. Hunger is hunger."

Of course, veterans and survivors of the siege today bring flowers to places that are memorable to them. Of course, the Piskarevskoe cemetery mass grave, where hundreds of thousands of residents of the besieged city are buried. This is the memorial inscription at 14 Nevsky Prospekt: “Citizens, during shelling, this side of the street is the most dangerous.”

During the days of the blockade, such inscriptions were applied to many buildings in the city using a stencil, since the shelling was carried out from southern directions, it turns out that the northern sides of the streets were the most dangerous.

Irina Taskovskaya, a resident of besieged Leningrad: “I was five years old when the war began. This decided my entire future fate. My memories and the way of my life in the future were determined by this date. I had to fight and win all my life.”

Among those who visit these memorial places today, of course, there are many survivors of the siege. Basically, these are children of the blockade. Many of them say that, despite the hunger, they had to work, including in factories.

Natalya Tareeva, a resident of besieged Leningrad: “It was very difficult. We carried such heavy bags. I remember when we arrived in Ozerki, there were open tram cars there and we were loading sand. We'll load the sand and take it to Leningrad. And bags of cement are a nightmare.”

Of course, there is much more planned today

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