Use of the verb have has. Constructions with the verb to have

Today we will talk about different forms and functions of one strong English verb have (having). The rule for the formation and use of this verb is quite extensive, but at the same time simple. Once you carefully study the information, you will no longer have problems using it. The whole essence of the verb lies in its versatility. We will try to review each of the functions as easily as possible.

general characteristics

While studying English, we are faced with different options the verb we are interested in: had, has, have, having. The rules for using each of these forms are quite precise, so it is difficult to confuse them if you carefully study all the information. To begin with, we note that this verb can perform the following functions:

A semantic verb, which in translation means “to have”. He has a big house. He has a big house. It should be added that the translation into Russian may differ, since the option sounds more literary: He has a big house. An auxiliary verb that serves to form different temporary forms. IN in this case it doesn't translate. She has done it already. She's already done it. They are having dinner now. We are having lunch now. A modal verb expressing obligation. He has to visit a doctor. He is forced to go to the doctor.

Depending on what function the verb performs, the form of the verb and how it behaves when forming interrogative and negative sentences are determined.

British and American versions

One of the simplest uses of this verb is its use as a semantic one. In this case we will be dealing with the forms have and has, have got and has got. The rule for their application is quite simple:

In British English it is used simple form“have” to express possession of some object one time. He has a nice toy. He has a beautiful toy. Here we mean that he now has a toy in his hands. When expressing possession of something on an ongoing basis, the form with got will be used in the sentence. He has got a nice toy. In this case, the translation will sound unchanged: “He has a beautiful toy,” but it is understood that this thing belongs to him forever.

As we can see, the type of form does not critically affect the translation of sentences, so you can safely use any of them. The main thing is not to confuse how to form other types of sentences using these forms. During education interrogative sentences verbs behave like this:

In the British version, this verb is perceived as strong, so it does not need any help when asking a question. Has he (got) a dog? Does he have a dog? In the American version, the verb is used in pairs with the auxiliary verbs do/does. Do you have a dog? You have a dog?

Which option you choose depends on your preference and where you live. It is recommended to communicate in the dialect of the language spoken in the area.

Features of forms in the present tense

It doesn’t matter which form you choose: has or has got/have got, the rule for forming forms for different persons and numbers must be observed in any case. So, in the present tense this verb has the forms:
The same forms are used to form negative sentences.

He has not (hasn’t) any enemies.He does not (doesn’t) have any enemies.

Past tense

Separately, it is necessary to note the past tense forms for the verb have (having). The rule of application is the same as in the present tense, that is, it is possible to use the British or American style. In this tense, the verb has only one form - had, so there is no need to choose, but when forming questions and negatives, you still have to think a little. For example, the sentence: He had a big pie. He had a big pie.

British version: Had he a big pie? Did he have a big pie?American version: Did he have a big pie? Did he have a big pie?

So, you just need to choose what style you are going to communicate in and stick with that style throughout the conversation.

Have/having: rule of education

Very important function What this verb accomplishes is the formation of different tense forms. This refers to the formation of such verb variants as have done/has done or have been, has been. The rule for the formation of tense formulas in which our verb is involved is:
In the present and past tenses, the verb have is perceived as a strong auxiliary and is used to pose questions and negations to a sentence.

Has he left the city?They hadn’t done it yet.Have you been reading?

In the future tense, the verb will takes on this function.

Will you have finished the work by the end of the week?We will not have been sitting.

Modal verb have to

The rule for using this verb as a modal says that it is applicable as an expression of obligation, and the subject himself does not realize the need to perform an action, but this is caused by some circumstances. It is this shade of compulsion that made this form more commonly used in Lately. Translated into Russian, such a verb means “necessary, forced, must, had to,” etc.

He has to do it at once. He is forced to do it right away.

A distinctive feature of the modal form is that when forming a sentence, the particle to is always paired with a verb, which is placed before the infinitive of the main semantic verb, expressing the action itself.

She has to leave now. She must leave now.

Also when constructing an interrogative or negative sentence, the help of the verbs do/does is always used.

Do they have to buy it? Should they buy it?You don’t have to read this book. You don't have to read this book.

Note that the forms of the modal verb are absolutely identical to the forms of the simple semantic “to have”.
Iyouwetheyhavetohe,she,ithasto In the past and future tenses, the same forms for all persons and numbers are used: had to and will have to.

Phraseologisms

In the end, I would like to remind you that in combination with some words, our verb can lose its direct meaning and translated completely differently. Most often in such cases, when asking questions and denials, the auxiliary verb do/does/did is used.

She has lunch at 1. She has lunch at 1.We had a talk after dinner. After dinner we talked.Did you have a bath? Have you already bought? I didn’t have a smoke yet. I haven't smoked yet.

As can be seen from the information presented, the use and interpretation of the verb will not cause difficulties if you carefully study all the rules. And, of course, we must not forget about practical training.

Score 1 Score 2 Score 3 Score 4 Score 5

If you immediately understand the forms of this verb, then use of have has in English language will seem very simple. Just remember the verb to be– he has three forms in the present tense. And to have- only two. This is already pleasing, isn’t it? And if you also correlate the rules of the simple present tense and the form of the verb “to have,” then everything generally falls into place!

Using have has in English

So what's special about use of have has in English? First, it is important to pay attention to which subject is in your sentence. It is from this moment that it depends which form of the verb needs to be used. According to grammatical rules, has only friends with he, she, it; A have- with all other persons and numbers.

Secondly, do not forget that in addition to statements, there are also questions with denials. Today it is acceptable to simply add in negation not to the corresponding verb form to have, and for a question, put the same form in front of the subject who has something in your sentence. You can also ask for help from do And does. For negatives with he, she, it will do doesn't, and for everyone else - don't. In the question, take out do or does(For he, she, it) in front of the subject.

In other words, using have has in English it is practically no different from other verbs in the present tense. It is only important to remember that there is a form has.

Using have in English with examples

Like all other rules, use of have in English It's better to remember with examples. This is what we will do right now!

example	translation
(+) We have two cars in the garage.	We have two cars in the garage.
(-) We haven't two cars in the garage. We don't have two cars in the garage.	We don't have two cars in the garage.
(?) Have you a car in the garage? Do you have a car in the garage?	Do you have a car in the garage?
(+) He has five dogs at home.	He has five dogs at home.
(-) He hasn't dogs at home. He doesn't have dogs at home.	He doesn't have dogs at home.

• Verb to have (to have something) in English
• Rules of use, affirmative and negative forms of the verb
• Example sentences with the verb to have (has)

The verb ‘to have’ or ‘ ’ is one of the most widely used verbs in the English language: there are many phrases based on this verb. Let's look at the main forms of to have in the present tense, cases of its use and the most common phrases with it.

Present tense forms of the verbto have/ have got

Affirmative form	Negative form
I have = I have got = I"ve got I have Do you have He has = He has got = He"s got He has She has = She has got = She"s got She has It has = It has got = It"s got It has/He has We have = We have got = We"ve got We have You have = You have got = You"ve got You have They have = They have got = They"ve got They have	I don"t have = I haven"t got I have no You do not have He doesn't have = He hasn't got He doesn't have She doesn't have = She hasn't got She does not have It doesn't have = It hasn't got It doesn't have/It doesn't have We don"t have = We haven"t got We do not have You don"t have = You haven"t got You do not have They don"t have = They haven"t got They dont have

Question form and short answers: Do you (him, her, them, us, etc.) have it? Not really

Question withhave	Answer + (Positive)	Answer - (Negative)	Question withhave got	Answer + (Positive)	Answer - (Negative)
					No, they haven't

Uses of the verbto have/ have got:

Case 1. To indicate ownership

I've got a car.

I have a car.

She has a house.

She has a house.

They haven't got a job.

They don't have a job.

Case 2. To denote relationships between people:

She's got two sisters.

She has 2 sisters.

Do you have a brother or a sister?

Do you have Brother or sister?

Set phrases with a verbto have(but NOT withhave got)

	something to eat	breakfast have a cup of coffee have a snack
		to take a bath take a shower swim take a break rest have a party to go on holiday
		To get into an accident have experience
		chat talk
		have difficulties have fun a good time

Verb to have- one of the most common in the English language. It can act as an auxiliary, semantic or modal. It is also used to form many constructions and stable expressions.

Education and use

In the simple present tense, that is, in Present Simple(or Indefinite), there are two forms of the verb: has, have. Use has limited to the third person singular. In other cases, the word remains unchanged. In Past Simple verb takes shape had.

The table will help you understand the educational scheme in more detail.

	Past	Present	Future
I, you, we, they	had	have	shall/will have
he, she, it

To have as a semantic verb

The meaning of this word is “to have, to possess.” It is most often translated into Russian using the phrases “I have”, “he has”, etc.

1. Affirmative sentence. Word order in affirmative sentence standard: subject, predicate, and then modifiers, complements or adverbials.

• He has a highly readable book. - He has an exciting book.
• She has a large library. - She has a large library.
• He had a beautiful picture - still life. - He had beautiful picture- still life.
• She has a cozy house with fireplace. - She has a cozy house with a fireplace.

2. Interrogative. The question can be formed using an auxiliary verb to do in the past tense, and without it. In cases where a sentence is constructed without a semantic verb placed in front. If there is an auxiliary verb, the question begins with it.

• Has she a yarn for knitting? - Does she have yarn for knitting?
• Had she a mauve dress? - Did she have a mauve dress?
• Did he have an easel and oil colors? - Did he have oil paints and an easel?

Option with verb to do more common.

3. Negation is formed using the particle not, and if there is uncountable nouns or plural the pronoun any also appears.

• I haven't a scetchbook (any scetchbooks). - I don’t have a notebook (notebooks) for sketches.
• We hadn't any desire to go there. - We didn't have a single desire to go there.

Negation can also be formed using to do in combination with the particle not. That is don't(for pronouns I, you, we, they) and does not for the third person (he, she, it). In the abbreviated version, the verb with a particle takes on the following form: don't And doesn't have in the present tense and didn't in the past.

• I don"t have any questions. - I have no questions.

Another way to form a negative sentence is by using no.

• She has no sketchbook. - She doesn’t have a sketchbook.
• He has no desire to swim. - He has no desire to swim.

Peculiarities of using "have got"

This is a colloquial version, an analogue of the word to have as a semantic verb. That is, the concepts of “have” and “possess” can be conveyed through the construction have got or has got. It's the same as has, have. The use of this phrase has some peculiarities:

• Have got: This form is used only in the present tense.
• This phrase is used only when we are talking about a one-time action. For multiple, regular and recurring events, use the main verb without "got".
  
• Negative and interrogative form are also different.
• As for the phrase has got, its use is similar to has: in combination with the pronouns he, she, it.

Comparative characteristics are presented in the table.

She hasn't got any skeetchbooks. - She doesn't have sketchbooks.

To have as an auxiliary verb

Acts as an auxiliary verb in all tenses group Perfect and Perfect Continuous.

Perfect tenses indicate the result, not the fact of the action.

• She has opened the window. - She opened the window.
• He has not closed the window. - He didn't close the window.
• Have they opened the window? - Did they open the window?

Perfect Continuous tenses imply a process that lasted until a certain point or over a specified period of time.

An affirmative sentence in the present tense implies the use of have been + doing (smth).

• She has been waiting for them for an hour. - She has been waiting for them for an hour.
• He has been playing the piano since 6 o'clock. - He has been playing the piano since six o'clock.
• How long has she been teaching English? - How long has she been teaching English?

Have to as a modal verb

This modal verb is very common in English. Use have to has some features.

The constructions are formed as follows: modal verb + infinitive + particle to.

Unlike the verb must, which conveys an obligation due to an internal urge to action, a construction with have to expresses a need caused by any external circumstances. It is usually translated into Russian with the following words: must, had to, forced, etc.

• She has to work a lot. - She has to work a lot.
• He had to get up at 5 o"clock. - He had to get up at 5.
• She will have to study four languages. - She will have to master 4 languages.

Also, this modal verb is widely used in the Russian translation of “must be”.

• The book has to be sent by post today. - The book should be sent by mail today.
• The landscape has to be painted tomorrow. - The landscape needs to be painted tomorrow.

The interrogative and negative forms are formed using to do.

• Do you have to do homework? - Do you have to do your homework?
• We don't have to write this book. - We don't have to write this book.

When negating between modal verbs must And have to there is a significant difference:

1. “Do not have to” implies that it is not desirable to do this, it is not necessary.
2. "Mustn"t" conveys a categorical prohibition.

• You don"t have to read this letter. - You don’t have to read this letter.
• You mustn"t read this letter. - You are prohibited from reading this letter.

Constructions with the verb to have

There are many constructions in which a verb can lose its original meaning. Such phrases are translated into a single concept.

1. Design to have in combination with the noun and This phrase implies that the action is not performed by the person in question, but by someone else for him or instead of him.

• She has her hair done at that hairdresser's. - She does (her hair is done) in that hairdresser.
• He"ll has his portrait painted in the near future. - His portrait will be painted in the near future.
• He had his grand piano attuned the day before yesterday. - The day before yesterday they tuned his piano.

The interrogative and negative forms of this phrase are formed using the auxiliary verb to do.

• Do you have your violin attuned? - Has your violin been tuned?
• I don"t have my musical instrument attuned. - My musical instrument was not tuned.

2. The construction of a verb in combination with a noun and an infinitive. Using this construction, you can convey the intention to do something.

• She has something to do. - She wants to do something.
• He had an interesting story to tell you. - He wanted to tell you an interesting story.

Questions and negations are constructed without the auxiliary verb to do.

• Has she anything to tell us? - Does she want to tell us something?
• He has not (hasn"t) anything to tell. - He has nothing to tell.

Set expressions with verb

Set expressions are phrases that are perceived as one whole. Such constructions are not translated literally, but convey a single meaning. The following are several topics in which there are many stable phrases with the verb has, have. The use of these phrases is common in the English language.

Food and drink

Communication and relationships between people

Daily Activities

to have	a shower	take a shower
	a bath	take a bath
	a wash	wash your face
	a shave	get shaved

Relaxation and entertainment

Verb usage have very multifaceted. This is one of the few verbs that can act as a full-valued (that is, semantic), auxiliary or modal. In addition, in combination with some nouns it forms stable expressions. To master well this topic, it is important to practice using verbs has, have. The use of these words is simple and clear, but it should be brought to automaticity so that when speaking English you don’t have to think about it.

Verb " to have" (possess) in English is used in quite different situations and can be translated into Russian in different ways. In this article you will learn the main situations when this verb is used. You will also learn about the verb " have got", which also means "to own."

Verb to have

• To have is a main verb used to indicate possession (ownership) of something (not only material), properties of something (or its characteristics), kinship or connection, for example, the quality of one thing in relation to another:

I have a cat. → U Eat me cat.
I have a lot of free time these days. → Now at Eat me) a lot of free time.

Dmitry has a sister in France. → At Dmitry's There is sister in France.

He has three books by Hemingway. → He It has/U he has it three books by Hemingway.
She has fair hair → She has blonde hair.

• Verb " to have" is also used to denote a large number of actions, here are some of them (the main thing is to understand the meaning, not to be scared and think “how to translate this”):

have a bath, wash, shower, etc → take a bath (lie in it), do laundry, take a shower (under running water), etc.
have → have breakfast, lunch, dinner.

have fun → have a good time, “have fun.”
have time available → to have time for something.

have questions → have a question.
have a party → hold a party.

have a walk, hike, ride, etc. → take a walk, go on a hike, ride a horse, etc.
have a discussion, fight, argument etc. → discuss, fight, assert...

Examples:

I usually have breakfast at seven o'clock. → Usually, I I'm having breakfast at seven o'clock.

Anna is having a bath at the moment (time). → Anna now taking a bath.

• Used as . It can be easily identified by its design" have to". Here it expresses a requirement to perform some routine action (but not always). It is often used by native speakers as an action that carries responsibility, duty .

This form" have" also has a similar meaning to modal verb "must" - when talking about responsibilities, native speakers prefer to use it (for example: I must talk to Peter. It’s important)."

Verb " must" used when they want to talk about very serious for the speaker(or if they are considered to be such) duties (for example: I must feed my family).

A few examples:

They have to work hard on Saturdays (routine for them). → On Saturdays they must Hard to work.
I have to return books to the school library. → I must return books to the school library.

I must be rich (very important for the speaker). → I must to be rich.
I must to defend my homeland. → I must defend your homeland.

Verb have got

• The verb "have got" is more characteristic of British English. It also serves to indicate possession (ownership) of something (not only material), properties of something (or its characteristics), kinship or connection. For example:

He has got some friends in London. → He has a few friends in London

Anna has got three sisters → Anna has three sisters.

I have got a new car. → I have new car.

Americans also sometimes use " have got"but more often" gotten" or simply " (to) have"(consider it an analogue/synonym - it's easier).

I had a copy of that book. (). → I had a copy of that book.

I have got a copy of that book. (). → I have a copy of that book.

• The penultimate significant difference is the reduction. Verb " have" has no abbreviations; for example, you can't say "I've a red bicycle" just "I have a red bicycle". And here is " have got" on the contrary, has contractions (in affirmation and negation):

I' we got a red bicycle (I have got a red bicycle). → I have Red bicycle.

She hasn't got a dog (she has not got a dog). → She has no dog.

• And the last main difference, where confusion often arises, is the negative and interrogative constructions of these two verbs.

You can understand these differences in the picture below. I'll just say that " have got" does not need help (in this case, “do”, since let me remind you that “have got” is used in the Present Simple)