The political system, its structure and functions, presentation. Political system of the Russian Federation
Slide 1
Slide 2
Slide 3
Slide 4
Slide 5
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 8
Slide 9
Slide 10
Slide 11
Slide 12
Slide 13
Slide 14
Slide 15
Slide 16
Slide 17
Slide 18
Slide 19
Slide 20
Slide 21
Slide 22
Slide 23
Slide 24
Slide 25
Slide 26
The presentation on the topic “Political system and political regime” can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Project subject: Social studies. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 26 slide(s).
Presentation slides
Slide 1
POLITICAL AND SYSTEM AND POLITICAL REGIME.
LESSON ON SOCIAL STUDIES IN 11TH GRADE. PROFILE LEVEL MOU ILINSKAYA SECONDARY SCHOOL. TEACHER SMIRNOV EVGENY BORISOVICH.
Slide 2
LESSON OBJECTIVES
THE CONCEPT OF A POLITICAL SYSTEM. ITS CHARACTERISTICS. THE QUESTION ABOUT THE INTERNAL REGULARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL STRUCTURES AND THE POSSIBILITY OF FORECASTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL PROCESSES. POSSIBILITY OF BUILDING AN ANALYTICAL MODEL OF THE POLITICAL PROCESS
Slide 3
BASIC CONCEPTS
POLITICAL SYSTEM, POLITICAL REGIME, TOTALITARIANISM, AUTHORITARISM
Slide 4
POLITICAL SYSTEMS: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS.
THE SYSTEM MUST BE COMPLETE AND HAVE A STRUCTURAL STRUCTURE
ORGANIZATIONAL ELEMENT: STATE, POLITICAL PARTIES, SOCIAL MOVEMENTS. PRESSURE GROUPS.
2. NORMATIVE ELEMENT: (POLITICAL, LEGAL, MORAL STANDARDS OF VALUES, CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
3. CULTURAL ELEMENT: POLITICAL IDEAS, POLITICAL CULTURE,
4.COMMUNICATIVE ELEMENT: INFORMATION CONNECTIONS AND RELATIONS WITHIN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM AND BETWEEN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM AND SOCIETY.
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS.
Slide 5
THE SYSTEM IS DYNAMIC, WITHIN ITS POLITICAL PROCESSES TAKE PLACE
IN ADDITION TO THE ORGANIZATIONAL SIDE, FACTORS ARE POLITICAL IDEAS, VALUES, WORLDVIEW.
POLITICAL SYSTEM IS A COMPLEX OF NORMS, INSTITUTIONS, AND ORGANIZATIONS THAT TOTALLY CONSTITUTE THE SELF-ORGANIZATION OF SOCIETY.
Slide 6
BASIC FUNCTIONS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM
POLITIC SYSTEM
FUNCTION OF MAKING GENERALLY BINDING DECISIONS, MANAGING SOCIETY (DETERMINING GOALS, TASKS OF SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPING A POLICY COURSE, ETC.)
INTEGRATIVE FUNCTION (CONSOLIDATION OF SOCIETY BASED ON COMMON VALUES)
FUNCTION OF MOBILIZING RESOURCES TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIC GOALS.
FUNCTION OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION (ENSURING CONNECTION BETWEEN VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM, BETWEEN THE SYSTEM AND THE ENVIRONMENT.
Slide 7
STUDYING THE POLITICAL SYSTEM
AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENTISTS D. EASTON, K. DEUTCH, G. ALMOND – STUDYED THE POLITICAL SYSTEM AS A SYSTEM OF INTERACTION OF SUBJECTS OF POLITICAL ACTION. PS AS ONE OF THE SUBSYSTEMS OF SOCIETY PERFORMING THE FUNCTIONS OF INTEGRATION AND ADAPTATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
D. EASTON PRESENTED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PS AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH IT OPERATES IN THE FORM OF A STRUCTURE - INPUT AND OUTPUT. THE INPUT IS THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SYSTEM AND SUPPORT OF THE SYSTEM FROM CITIZENS. THE OUTPUT IS SPECIFIC POLITICAL ACTIONS THAT INFLUENCE THE STATE OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT.
Slide 8
AT THE SYSTEM INPUT THERE ARE REQUIREMENTS, IF THERE ARE A LOT OF THEM, THIS WILL LEAD TO OVERLOADING THE SYSTEM. THEREFORE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT SHOULD BE FORCED AND THEM ADAPTED TO THE CAPABILITIES OF THE SYSTEM SIMILAR WORK IS PERFORMED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PS PARTIES, TRADE UNIONS, MOVEMENTS, STATE FIGURES THE SECOND TYPE OF INPUT IS SUPPORT, FROM WHICH LEVEL FOR PS STABILITY IS HANGING. BUT WE SHOULD DIFFERENTIATE SUPPORT FOR THE COMMUNITY AS A WHOLE, SUPPORT FOR THE REGIME AND SUPPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT.
Slide 9
THE MOST IMPORTANT PRINCIPLE OF BUILDING A POLITICAL SYSTEM IS ITS ABILITY TO ADAPT TO CHALLENGES (STRESSES). RESISTANCE TO STRESS IS PROVIDED BY A FEEDBACK MECHANISM, THAT IS, BY THE ABILITY TO RESPOND FLEXIBLY TO DEMANDS ANIA TO THE SYSTEM. FAILURE TO GIVE AN ANSWER LEADS TO A CRISIS, AND SUBSEQUENTLY TO THE DESTRUCTION OF THE WHOLE SYSTEM. WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF SYSTEM ANALYSIS, the PS IS CONSIDERED AS A BLACK BOX (EVERYTHING INTERNAL IS IGNORED. BUT THIS IS THE LIMITATION OF THE METHOD. THE PS IS DEVELOPED ACCORDING TO ITS OWN REGULARITIES.
Slide 10
POLITICAL SYSTEMS OF DICTATORY TYPE.
THERE IS A WHOLE NUMBER OF PS TYPOLOGIES. THE MOST WIDESPREAD DIVISION OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF POWER AND GOVERNMENT INTO TWO MAIN TYPES: DEMOCRATIC PS, DICTATORIAN PS.
DICTATORY TYPE PS. (UNLIMITED POWER) 1. LACK OF FREEDOM. 2NO PRINCIPLE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS. 3. LACK OF RULE OF LAW.
AUTHORITARIAN PS - THE MOST COMMON IN HISTORY: DOMINANCE OF THE STATE OVER SOCIETY; EXECUTIVE POWER OVER THE LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL POWER. TWO TYPES: TRADITIONAL. AUTHOR ITARIC SYSTEMS OF PERSONAL POWER OR OLIGARCY AND THE NEW AUTHORITARIANISM. (ASIA, AFRICA).
A SMALL NUMBER OF POWER BEARERS: MONARCH, JUNTA, OLIGARCHY, ETC.
UNLIMITED POWER, LACK OF DEMOCRACY AND CONTROL. LAWS AT ITS DISCRETION OF REN IU.
USE OF FORCE.
NO OPPOSITION AND COMPETITION.
CLOSEDNESS OF THE ELITE, APPOINTMENT FROM ABOVE.
Slide 12
TOTALITARIANISM.
TOTALITARIANISM (FROM LAT. TOTALIS - WHOLE, WHOLE, COMPLETE) APPEARED IN THE 20TH CENTURY - SUPPRESSION OF SOCIETY AND INDIVIDUALS - BUILDING A NEW SOCIETY, A NEW PERSON.
TWO OPTIONS OF TOTALITARIANISM: RIGHT AND LEFT. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THEM IS IN IDEOLOGIES: RIGHT FLANK-FASCISM AND NATIONAL SOCIALISM. LEFT FLANK - DICTATORSHIP IN SOCIALISM COUNTRIES.
ALL TOTALITARIARY SYSTEMS: HAVE A SET OF ELEMENTS: 1. THE PRESENCE OF ONE IDEOLOGY; 2.DOMINARY OF ONE PARTY; 3 MERGER OF THE PARTY AND THE STATE; 4. ABSORPTION BY THE PARTY-STATE OF ALL SOCIAL STRUCTURES 5. PHYSICAL AND MORAL TERROR.
Slide 13
RESEARCH OF THE PHENOMENON OF TOTALITARIANISM.
TOTALITARIANISM - FEATURES OF IDEOCRACY - DOMINATION OF IDEAS OVER ALL ASPECTS OF SOCIETY LIFE
K. FRIEDRICH AND Z. BRZEZINSKI BASED THE STUDY OF TOTALITARISM ON TWO POSTULATES: 1. THE SIMILARITY OF NAZISM AND COMMUNISM, THE UNIQUENESS OF TOTALITARIANISM. SIGNS OF “T” 1.ONE IDEOLOGY 2.ONE PARTY 3.TERROR AND CONTROL. 4. CONTROL OVER THE MEDIA. 5.GUN CONTROL. 6. CONTROL OVER THE ECONOMY
Slide 14
THE UNIQUENESS OF TOTALITARIANISM.
TOTALITARIANISM
1. UNIQUENESS IN THE ABSENCE OF A FEEDBACK MECHANISM. IN MODERN SOCIETY IT IS DIFFICULT TO CONTROL EVERYTHING AND SO THE SYSTEM CHANGES OR IT COMES TO AN END.
2. DOMINANCE OF THE POLITICAL SPHERE IN THE LIFE OF SOCIETY, DOMINANCE OF THE POLITICAL OVER THE INDIVIDUAL 3. TOTALITARIARY IDEOLOGY PRESENTS HISTORY AS A STRUGGLE OF THE FORCES OF GOOD AND EVIL.
Slide 15
4. A POLICY DETERMINED BY IDEOLOGY RECEIVES SUPPORT NOT IN SOCIETY BUT IN A UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLE EXTERNAL TO SOCIETY, WHICH IS IMPOSED ON SOCIETY. THEREFORE, IDEOLOGY PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE IN ANY TOTALITARIAN SYSTEM. THE ATTEMPT TO SUBJECT ALL PROCESSES TO ONE TRUE IDEOLOGY. 5. THE CENTRAL CORE OF THE TOTALITARIAN SYSTEM IS THE PARTY, WHICH MERGES WITH THE STATE AND EXERCISES IDEOLOGICAL CONTROL. POLITICAL SYSTEM IS THE CORE OF A RIGID SOCIAL HIARCHY
Slide 16
1. TOTALITARIANISM HAS ACQUIRED POPULARITY IN THE WORLD. 2. TOTALITARIANISM RELATES TO CLOSED AND INFLEXIBLE SYSTEMS. 3. MODERN CONDITIONS HAVE SHOWN THEIR INABILITY TO ADAPT TO CHANGES 4. THEIR CAPABILITIES HAVE BEEN LIMITED BY IDEOLOGICAL DOGMA.
Slide 17
POLITICAL REGIME.
THE QUESTION ABOUT WHAT IS A POLITICAL REGIME IS THE MOST UNCLEARED IN POLITICAL SCIENCE. PS AND PR ARE OFTEN INTERCHANGEABLE
THE MAIN DIFFERENCE IS THAT THE TYPE OF A POLITICAL SYSTEM IS DETERMINED BY THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF ITS ORGANIZATION. DIFFERENCES IN POLITICAL REGIMES WITHIN POLITICAL SYSTEMS BY THE NATURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT, ORGANIZATION OF POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, FORMS AND METHODS OF EXERCISING POWER.
Slide 18
IN POLITICAL SCIENCE TWO TRADITIONS OF UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF “POLITICAL REGIME”
POLITICAL REGIME
FIRST DIRECTION – LEGAL – INSTITUTIONAL. IN THIS CASE, POLITICAL REGIME = FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN THIS CASE - MONARCHICAL AND REPUBLICAN REGIMES. WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE MONARCHY, THERE ARE REGIMES OF ABSOLUTE, LIMITED AND CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY. REPUBLICAN REGIME - PRESIDENTIAL AND PARLIAMENTARY
Slide 19
THE SECOND DIRECTION IS ATTENTION TO THE WAYS AND MEANS OF EXERCISING POLITICAL POWER. 1. DOMINANT IDEOLOGIES 2. TYPES OF POLITICAL CULTURE, 3. PRESENCE OF MULTI-PARTY, 4 LEGAL OPPOSITION, SEPARATION OF POWERS, 5 ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY, 6. RELATIONS OF THE ELITE AND THE MASS AND ACCESS OF THE MASS TO POLITICS. IN CONSIDERATION OF THIS, IT IS USED TO DISTINCTION TOTALITARIARY, AUTHORITARIAN AND DCMOCRATIC REGIMES.
Slide 20
LET'S SUMMARY ALL POINTS OF VIEW:
THE RULING CLASS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PS CAN RULE ONLY IF THERE IS
THROUGH POLITICAL NORMS AND VALUES THAT DETERMINE RULES OF CONDUCT
FOR THE PS TO FUNCTION, MEMBERS OF A POLITICAL COMMUNITY MUST ACCEPT BASIC PRINCIPLES AND VALUES
THEY WILL DETERMINE WAYS TO SETTLE SITUATIONS AND RECOGNIZE THE POWERS OF AUTHORITIES. THIS IS THE POLITICAL REGIME
Sections: History and social studies
Lesson type: lesson lecture, with elements of laboratory work.
The purpose of the lesson: While studying a new topic, students systematize their knowledge of political science and master the concept of “political system.”
Tasks:
- In the process of studying a new topic, students learn the concept of “political system,” its structure and functions.
- Students develop structural analysis skills using examples of political institutions.
- Students improve their skills in group work and practical application of knowledge.
Equipment: presentation lesson, multimedia, screen, documents.
This lesson is the first in the topic “Introduction to Political Science”, therefore it is taught in the form of a lecture.
Lesson plan:
- Motivational and organizational stage.
- Updating.
– What is politics? What is the system? - Studying new material - lecture.
– What is a political system.
– Structure of the political system.
– Institutions of the political system.
– Political relations.
– Political culture.
– Political norms and values.
- Political regime. - Laboratory work on documents and statements.
- Generalization: discussion of documents and student opinions.
- Summing up - highlighting problems for preparing creative projects - advanced homework
During the classes
I. Organizational and motivational.
Teacher's opening speech: What role do you think politics plays in modern human life?
Students' answers are discussed.
– Can a person not depend on politics in his life?
A mini-discussion is held, students come to the conclusion that modern society and people depend on politics and the political system in which they live. Therefore, it is necessary to study the structure of the political system and its various types.
II. Main part.
Working with a presentation ( application) – cluster method.
What is a political system?
POLITICAL SYSTEM is a holistic and interconnected complex of all elements. The concept of “political system” received deep justification and widespread use only in the middle of the twentieth century, which was generated by the logic of the development of political science, which led to the need to describe political life from a systemic perspective. A political system is a universal control system of society, the components of which are connected by political relations and which ultimately regulates the relationships between social groups, ensuring the stability of society and a certain social order based on the use of state power.
An analysis of the diagram from the presentation is carried out - The structure of the political system.
The characteristics of the institutions of the political system are given.
1. The state as the main institution of the political system (form of state). The state is an organization of political power that has special mechanisms for governing society: the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government. In special cases, the state uses such measures as coercion - violent agencies (army, security agencies).
- forms of government
- forms of government
- forms of political regime
2. Parties.
3. Public organizations. (slide no. 9, 10, 13)
1. Regulatory subsystem
An essential element of the political system are political and legal norms that exist and operate in the form of constitutions, charters and party programs, political traditions and procedures for regulating political processes. They form its normative basis. These include:
- legal norms
- moral standards
- political traditions
- corporate standards
2. Communication subsystem, it includes political relations
– interaction of social groups, individuals, social institutions regarding the structure and management of society. Depending on the subject composition, they can be divided into three groups.
The first group is relations between classes, large social groups, nations and states. Interclass, intergroup, intraclass and interethnic relations form the basis of the political system and are reflected in the functioning of the relevant political organizations and their relationships.
The second group consists of relationships that develop in the process of exercising political power, the influence of higher and local authorities and management on socio-economic, political and cultural processes.
The third group of political relations can include the relations that develop between political organizations and institutions.
3. Cultural-ideological subsystem
Being a reflection and, formed primarily under the influence of specific social and political practices, the ideas, value orientations and attitudes of participants in political life, their emotions and prejudices have a strong impact on their behavior and all political dynamics. Therefore, in the process of leading and managing society, it is important to take into account the political mood of the masses.
The importance of political ideology is great, which occupies a leading place in political consciousness and serves as a determining factor in the change and development of the field of political psychology. Political ideology in its most concentrated form expresses the fundamental interests of social communities, substantiates their place and role in social development, in the political system of society in particular. It serves as the conceptual basis for the program of socio-economic and political transformations advocated by the relevant social forces. Influencing the choice of strategic course, the development and adoption of political decisions, the political views and behavior of individuals and social communities. Political culture is a set of typical for a given society or social group, ingrained patterns (stereotypes) of political ideas, value orientations, attitudes and political behavior. The significance of political culture lies primarily in the fact that it helps ensure the stability of the political system. Although in a socially heterogeneous society the existence of a counterculture is inevitable, which is directed against the dominant system of power and plays a destabilizing, destructive role.
Political culture performs very important functions for the political life of society. Its regulatory function is manifested in the direct or indirect influence on the behavior of people and their organizations on their perception of political events, assessment of existing and current political systems and their individual elements of politicians, officials of the administrative apparatus, as well as on the process of preparation and adoption of political and administrative decisions. decisions, etc.
4. Functional subsystem.
Lesson stage III
The class is divided into 6 groups, each group receives a task:
1 gr. – explain the statement: “Politics is a gambling den in which spectators risk losing just like players” G. Mably
2 gr. – explain the thesis “Man is a political being...” Aristotle
3-6g. - work with documents.
Stage IV of the lesson – Reflection
– discussion of the results of the groups’ work using the spinner method.
Homework:
Prepare design work on the following topics:
- “Russian political parties are my choice”;
- “The electoral system in the Russian Federation – its pros and cons”;
- “The work of local government bodies in our village.”
POLITICAL SYSTEMS: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS. THE SYSTEM MUST BE COMPLETE AND HAVE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS. ORGANIZATIONAL ELEMENT STATE, POLITICAL PARTIES, SOCIAL MOVEMENTS, PRESSURE GROUPS NORMATIVE ELEMENT POLITICAL, LEGAL, MORAL STANDARDS VALUES, CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS CULTURAL ELEMENT POLITICAL IDEAS, POLITICAL CULT URA communicative element INFORMATION CONNECTIONS AND RELATIONS WITHIN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM AND BETWEEN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM AND SOCIETY
FUNCTION OF MAKING GENERALLY BINDING DECISIONS, MANAGEMENT OF SOCIETY INTEGRATIVE FUNCTION (CONSOLIDATION OF SOCIETY BASED ON COMMON VALUES) FUNCTION OF MOBILIZING RESOURCES TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIC GOALS FUNCTION OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION (ENSURE) CONNECTION BETWEEN DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM, BETWEEN THE SYSTEM AND THE ENVIRONMENT)
STUDY OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM D.EASTOND.EASTON, K.DEUTCH, G. ALMOND D.EASTON, K.DEUTCH, G. ALMOND – STUDYED THE POLITICAL SYSTEM AS A SYSTEM OF INTERACTION OF SUBJECTS OF POLITICAL ACTION. D. EASTON The political system is one of the subsystems of society that performs the functions of integration and adaptation to the requirements of the environment.
DICTATORSHIP (UNLIMITED POWER) 1. LACK OF FREEDOM. 2. NO PRINCIPLE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS. 3. LACK OF RULE OF LAW. DICTATORSHIP (UNLIMITED POWER) 1. LACK OF FREEDOM. 2. NO PRINCIPLE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS. 3. LACK OF RULE OF LAW. POLITICAL SYSTEMS OF DICTATORY TYPE. AUTHORITARIAN AUTHORITARIAN: 1.DOMINATION OF THE STATE OVER SOCIETY; 2.EXECUTIVE POWER OVER THE LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL. TYPES: 1) TRADITIONAL. AUTHORITARIAN SYSTEMS OF PERSONAL POWER OR OLIGARCY 2) NEW AUTHORITARIANISM. (ASIA, AFRICA). TOTALITARISMTOTALITARISM (FROM LAT. TOTALIS - WHOLE, WHOLE, COMPLETE) APPEARED IN THE XX CENTURY - SUPPRESSION OF SOCIETY AND INDIVIDUALS - BUILDING A NEW SOCIETY, A NEW PERSON. TYPES OF TOTALITARIANISM: RIGHT AND LEFT. THE RIGHT FLANK IS FASCISM AND NATIONAL SOCIALISM. LEFT FLANK - DICTATORSHIP IN SOCIALISM COUNTRIES.
AUTHORITARIAN SYSTEMS. COMMON FEATURES. A SMALL NUMBER OF POWER BEARERS: A SMALL NUMBER OF POWER BEARERS: MONARCH, JUNTA, OLIGARCY, ETC. UNLIMITED POWER UNLIMITED POWER, LACK OF DEMOCRACY AND CONTROL. LAWS AT ITS DISCRETION OF REN IU. USE OF FORCE. NOT ALLOWING OPPOSITION NOT ALLOWING OPPOSITION AND COMPETITION. CLOSEDNESS OF THE ELITE CLOSEDNESS OF THE ELITE, APPOINTMENT FROM ABOVE.
TOTALITARIANISM. ELEMENTS: 1.THE PRESENCE OF ONE IDEOLOGY; 2.DOMINARY OF ONE PARTY; 3 MERGER OF THE PARTY AND THE STATE; 4. ABSORPTION BY THE PARTY-STATE OF ALL SOCIAL STRUCTURES 5. PHYSICAL AND MORAL TERROR. K. FRIEDRICH AND Z. BRZEZINSKI: K. FRIEDRICH AND Z. BRZEZINSKI: - THE SIMILARITY OF NAZISM AND COMMUNISM - THE SIMILARITY OF NAZISM AND COMMUNISM - THE UNIQUENESS OF TOTALITARIANISM. - UNIQUENESS OF TOTALITARIANISM. SIGNS: 1.ONE IDEOLOGY 1.ONE IDEOLOGY 2.ONE PARTY 2.ONE PARTY 3.TERROR AND CONTROL. 3.TERROR AND CONTROL. 4. CONTROL OVER THE MEDIA. 4. CONTROL OVER THE MEDIA. 5.GUN CONTROL. 5.GUN CONTROL. 6. CONTROL OVER THE ECONOMY 6. CONTROL OVER THE ECONOMY
Political regime (lat. regimen - management) is a set of ways and means of exercising political power. Characterizing indicators: -relationships between government, society and the individual; -dominant ideology; -type of political culture of society; -the presence or absence of a multi-party system (political pluralism), legal opposition, separation of powers; -the depth of the discrepancy between constitutional norms and the policies actually pursued by the authorities; -the role of civil society institutions.
Homework: paragraph 15, s (work with the source). Additionally: create a test on this topic (at least 20 questions).
Slide 1
Topic 5 Political system of society Study questions: 1. The concept of a political system and the history of the problem. 2. Structure and functions of political systems. 3. Types of political systems.Slide 2
Slide 3
CONCEPT OF POLITICAL SYSTEM OF SOCIETY Political system is a set of state, party and public bodies, organizations, individuals participating in the political life of the country Type of political regime authoritarianism, democracy, totalitarianism Form of government monarchy, republic Relationship of power of the party, government Form of social and political representation pluralism, corporatism Universality Control Legitimacy “Democracy is the fooling of the people, by the people, for the good of the people” (Oscar Wilde, British playwright) 2
Slide 4
THEORY OF THE SYSTEM APPROACH BY T. PARSONS The purpose of the political system is to ensure integration, development and implementation of common goals The economic subsystem is responsible for meeting people's needs for consumer goods The political subsystem determines collective interests, mobilizes resources to achieve them The social subsystem supports an established way of life, transfers it to new members of society norms, rules and values that become important factors in motivating their behavior The spiritual subsystem integrates society, establishes and maintains bonds of solidarity between its elements A systemic approach was applied for the first time Each system has four main functions: adaptation, goal achievement, integration, preservation of the existing order ( latent function). Thus, the system must adapt to the environment, achieve a goal, have internal unity and be able to maintain this state, reproduce the structure and relieve tension in the system. 3
Slide 5
D. EASTON'S SYSTEM APPROACH This is a series of interactions, abstracted from general social behavior, through which values are distributed in society. It has a “reactive” “self-regulating” potential that protects it from self-destruction. It is a mobile phenomenon, it is able to support itself, preserving the characteristic features that determine its appearance. This is an open system that can be changed under the influence of environmental factors Can remain stable if there is an appropriate balance between “incoming” and “outgoing” factors Requirements Support Solutions Actions Based on the authoritarian distribution of values Ideological Structural Personal 4
Slide 6
STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL APPROACH G. ALMOND “A political system is a system of interaction existing in all independent societies that performs the functions of integration and adaptation (within society, outside it and between societies) through the use of legitimate physical coercion” (Gabriel Almond, American political scientist and sociologist ) All political systems have their own structure All political systems perform similar universal functions necessary for social life, functions are performed by different structures of the system and with different frequencies All political systems are mixed in a cultural sense The difference between simple (traditional) and developed systems lies in the differentiation of functions and specialization of structures, these systems are similar in function, but differ in structural characteristics The political system is multifunctional The basis is an analysis of the target behavioral aspect of the structures of the political system Study of the situation and taking into account its features when making decisions Political solution to identified problems 5
Slide 7
Slide 8
POLITICAL SYSTEM OF SOCIETY (structural-functional approach) The political system of society is a set of institutions ordered on the basis of law and other social norms, within the framework of which the political life of society takes place and political power is exercised 6
Slide 9
INSTITUTIONAL SUBSYSTEM The set of institutions (institutions, organizations) associated with the functioning of political power - the political sphere of society “The withering away of the state will not come through the weakening of state power, but through its maximum strengthening” (Joseph Stalin, Soviet statesman and party leader) OWN POLITICAL organizations that directly and directly exercise political power - the state (the core element of the system), political parties and individual public organizations that have a political nature NON-PROPOLITICAL trade unions, youth, veterans, business unions, environmental movements, etc. NON-POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS organizations that have only a minor content political aspect 7
Slide 10
IDEOLOGICAL SUBSYSTEM A set of political ideas, views, perceptions, and feelings of participants in the political life of society that are different in content Individual ideas and views Theoretical Political ideology Empirical Political psychology STRUCTURE LEVELS Class (group) views Universal (interclass, group) ideas Views Principles Ideas Slogans Ideals Theories Feelings Moods Prejudices Emotions Opinions Traditions “An old idea, even when it is nothing more than a word, a sound, a mirage, has a magical power that can still subject us to its influence” (Gustave Le Bon, French psychologist, sociologist, anthropologist) 8
Slide 11
NORMATIVE SUBSYSTEM Political norms, moral principles and traditions that define and regulate the political life of society STRUCTURE Legal norms Norms of activity of public organizations Unwritten customs, traditions Ethical and moral principles and norms Constitution Regulatory acts Laws “In politics, unhurried persistence always prevails over unbridled force, carefully a developed plan is above an improvised impulse, realism is above romance" (Stephan Zweig, Austrian writer) 9
Slide 12
COMMUNICATIVE SUBSYSTEM A set of relations and forms of interactions that develop between classes, social groups, nations, individuals regarding their participation in organizing the implementation and development of political power in connection with the development and implementation of policies Main types (according to social orientation) Political relations aimed to strengthen the existing political system Political relations expressing the interests of opposition-moderate or revolutionary forces “A politician must be able to predict what will happen tomorrow, in a week, in a month and in a year. And then explain why this did not happen” (Winston Churchill, British Prime Minister) 10
Slide 13
CULTURAL SUBSYSTEM An integrating factor of the political system, a complex of ingrained patterns (stereotypes) of political ideas, value orientations and political behavior typical for a given society. The strength of the social base of the political power of the ruling elite. The unity of various segments of the population through the establishment of connections between participants in the political process both “horizontally” and and “vertically” in accordance with the hierarchy of the political system The ability to foresee the population’s reaction to political and managerial decisions made through the creation of conditions for the effective development of the political system and society as a whole ENSURES the stability of the political system of society through the achievement of consent within the framework of generally accepted political and cultural values existing political system and the political system chosen by society Reproduction of the political life of society on the basis of continuity “If correctly understood interest constitutes the principle of all morality, then it is necessary, therefore, to strive to ensure that the private interest of an individual coincides with universal human interests” (Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, political figures) 11
Slide 14
Political relations are the relationships that develop between classes, social groups, nations, states regarding their participation in the organization, exercise and development of political power. The political organization of society is a set of political institutions, including the state, political parties and movements, mass public organizations, through whose activities political power, political leadership and management of social processes Political consciousness awareness of the sphere of politics by social subjects (individuals, social groups, the whole society) Political and legal norms constitutional provisions, state laws, statutory norms of political and public organizations, traditions and customs that regulate existing ones in society relations and establishing the basic principles of the activities of their subjects “Politicians are the same everywhere. They promise to build bridges even where there are no rivers" (Nikita Khrushchev, Soviet politician) 12
Slide 15
Political leadership of society; determination of strategic goals and prospects for social development - a function of goal setting; Regulatory ordering and regulation of political behavior and political relations in a state-organized society; Legitimation; achievement of the minimum required degree of compliance of real political life with generally accepted legal and political norms; Consolidation of the socio-political system; ensuring the existence of society as a single whole - an integrative function Mobilization ensuring maximum use of society's resources Distributive distribution of resources and values between members of society 13
Slide 16
Slide 17
TYPOLOGY OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS Source of political power Attitude to reality State of the political structure Nature of the political process Democratic (constitutional) Conservative Anglo-American Command Autocratic Reform Continental European Competitive Progressive Pre-industrial (partially industrial) Socio-conciliatory Reactionary Totalitarian Interaction with the external environment Open Closed “I” I don’t agree with what you say, but I will defend to the last drop of blood your right to express your own point of view” (Voltaire, philosopher) 14
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-1.jpg" alt="> POLITICAL SYSTEM OF SOCIETY Presentation of some issues in the “Politics” section of the Codifier on"> ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА ОБЩЕСТВА Презентация некоторых вопросов раздела «Политика» Кодификатора по обществознанию 2010 год (подготовка к ЕГЭ) Автор Сафонова Н. С. , учитель истории и обществознания Лицея № 7, г. Саяногорск!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-2.jpg" alt="> CODIFIER QUESTIONS 1. Concept of power 2. Political system 3. Typology political regimes"> ВОПРОСЫ КОДИФИКАТОРА 1. Понятие власти 2. Политическая система 3. Типология политических режимов 4. Демократия. Ее основные ценности и признаки 5. Государство, его функции 6. Гражданское общество и государство 7. Политическая элита 8. Политические партии и движения 9. СМИ в политической системе 10. Избирательная кампания в России Не рассмотрены 11. Политический процесс 12. Политическое участие 13. Политическое лидерство 14. Органы гос. власти РФ 15. Федеративное устройство РФ!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-3.jpg" alt="> THE CONCEPT OF POWER Power is opportunity and Power is relationships"> ПОНЯТИЕ ВЛАСТИ Вла сть - это возможность и Власть – это отношения способность осуществлять свою «господства – подчинения» волю, воздействовать на возникающее между людьми. деятельность и поведение Одни главенствуют, проявляя других людей свою волю, другие подчиняются этой воле. Источниками власти (по М. Веберу) : Насилие (физическая сила, оружие, организованная группа, личностные характеристики, угроза применение силы) Авторитет (семейные и социальные связи, харизма, экспертные (специальные) знания, вера) Право (положение и полномочия, контроль над ресурсами, обычай и традиция!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-4.jpg" alt="> POLITICAL SYSTEM, ITS COMPONENTS 1. Organizational ="> ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА, ЕЕ КОМПОНЕНТЫ 1. Организационный = 2. Коммуникативный институциональный (политические отношения (государство, партии, по поводу гос. власти) общественные движения) Политическая система обшества-это совокупность организаций и учреждений, осуществляющих гос. власть и управляющих делами 3. Нормативный общества 4. Культурный (политические нормы: (политические идеи, обычаи и традиции; политические взгляды, правовые; корпоративные; политическая культура, моральные- регулируют политические идеологии) политические отношения)!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-5.jpg" alt="> TYPOLOGY OF POLITICAL REGIMES As a result of interaction"> ТИПОЛОГИЯ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ РЕЖИМОВ В результате взаимодействия указанных компонентов ПС, складывается 1 2 3 4 определенный политический порядок или режим, т. е. способ функционирования политической системы. Система методов осуществления власти. Демократия. Авторитаризм. Тоталитаризм. Демократический Авторитарный Тоталитарный политический режим В переводе с греческого Функции власти Политическое "демократия" означает сконцентрированы в господство группы лиц, "власть народа" (demos руках группы лиц, либо возглавляемых - народ, cratos - власть). одного человека. лидером, тотальный контроль за жизнью Выучить характеристику режимов общества!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-6.jpg" alt="> DEMOCRACY AND ITS BASIC PRINCIPLES Democracy is a political regime in which"> ДЕМОКРАТИЯ И ЕЁ ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ Демократия – политический режим, при котором народ является источником власти Д Я -Народовластие -Принцип большинства, воля большинства выявляется Е через выборы и референдум П -Уважение прав меньшинства – право меньшинства на М оппозицию Р О -Парламентаризм – гос. власть, в которой ведущая роль И принадлежит народному представительству - парламенту К -Политический плюрализм (многообразие): Н Р многопартийность, многообразие политических идей, Ц СМИ и т. д. А -Гласность – открытость деятельности политических И институтов, доступность информации, свобода слова Т -Правовое государство, основой которого является П И верховенство закона и гарантия прав и свобод граждан Ы!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-7.jpg" alt="> DEMOCRACY AND ITS FORMS Direct (immediate) Representative power is exercised by oneself"> ДЕМОКРАТИЯ И ЕЁ ФОРМЫ Прямая (непосредственная) Представительная Власть осуществляется самим Осуществление власти народом без политических представителями народа – посредников. Как? депутатами ØОбязательно наличие ØВыборы на основе всеобщего представительного избирательного права законодательного органа – ØРеферендумы ПАРЛАМЕНТА ØСходы и собрания граждан Ø процессе В ØОбращения граждан в органы представительной власти демократии участвуют ØМитинги, демонстрации профессиональные политики!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-8.jpg" alt="> THE CONCEPT OF “STATE” G O"> ПОНЯТИЕ «ГОСУДАРСТВО» Г О С Это политическая организация власти, Важнейший У действующая на территории страны; политический Д имеющая специальный институт аппарат управления; А обеспечивающая безопасность населения Р С Т СТРАНА= ГОСУДАРСТВО В О!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-9.jpg" alt="> STATE: SIGNS, FUNCTIONS, FORMS 1. Territory"> ГОСУДАРСТВО: ПРИЗНАКИ, ФУНКЦИИ, ФОРМЫ 1. Территория 1. Внутренние: Различают Формы Признаки Функции 2. Публичная власть -экономическая 1. Формы правления 3. Система права -социальная защита 2. Формы 4. Суверенность -налогообложение государственного власти устройства -охранительная 5. Исключительное (законность и 3. Формы право сбора налогов порядок государства по политическому 6. Единая денежная 2. Внешние: режиму система оборона, м/н (демократические, сотрудничество и авторитарные, др. тоталитарные)!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-10.jpg" alt="> THERE ARE STATES IN THE FORM OF GOVERNMENT Monarchy (unity) - form"> ПО ФОРМЕ ПРАВЛЕНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВА БЫВАЮТ Монархия (единовластие)- форма Республика – форма правления, при которой источником и носителем гос. власти является один носителем гос. власти является человек, занимающий престол по праву народ и выборные органы- рождения парламент и президент Абсолютная Конституционная Парламентская: (неограниченная) (ограниченная) Верховенство парламента единоличное монарх царствует, Прав-во ответственно перед правление но не правит Парламентом Премьер-министр формирует ивозглавляет прав-во Президентская: Президент – глава государства и прав-ва Смешанная (парламентско- Президент избирается населением или президентская): Сильный выборщиками парламент и сильный Прав-во ответственно перед Президентом президент; баланс полномочий!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-11.jpg" alt="> FORM OF GOVERNMENT Unitary Federation - form Confederation - state -"> ФОРМА ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УСТРОЙСТВА Унитарное Федерация – форма Конфедерация – государство – форма гос. устройства, при форма гос. устройства, при котором устройства, которой его части территориальные добровольное являются части являются гос. объединение административно- образованиями- независимых стран территориальными субъектами или республик, единицами, не имеют федерации (Россия, которые сохраняют статуса Германия, США, суверенитет государственного Мексика) (Евросоюз, СНГ, образования (Япония, США до 1865) Украина, Польша) ****** * * *!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-12.jpg" alt="> CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE STATE Civil society is a set of non-state"> ГРАЖДАНСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО И ГОСУДАРСТВО Гражданское общество – это совокупность негосударственных общественных отношений и ассоциаций (объединений), выражающих разнообразные интересы и потребности членов общества.!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-13.jpg" alt="> The formation of civil society is associated with the establishment of a rule of law state. A rule of law state is unthinkable without"> Становление гражданского общества связано с утверждением правового государства. Правовое государство немыслимо без развитого гражданского общества. Гражданское общество возможно лишь в условиях демократического режима, правового государства. ПРАВОВОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО- это тип государства деятельность которого реально ограничена правом, имеет место разделение властей (законодательная, исполнительная, судебная), гарантия прав и свобод личности и контроль за властью со стороны общества!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-14.jpg" alt="> Signs of a rule of law state The rule of law in society Submission to the law"> Признаки правового государства Верховенство права в обществе Подчинение закону всех граждан и самого государства, его! органов и должностных лиц Права человека, их охрана и гарантированность В правах человека выражена его свобода, но она не может! быть абсолютной. Принцип разделения государственных властей Принцип взаимной ответственности государства и личности(ответственность правительства перед представит. ! органами, юридическая ответ-ть гос. лиц перед законом, импичмент)!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-15.jpg" alt="> POLITICAL ELITE The political elite is a group or"> ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ЭЛИТА Политическая элита – группа или совокупность групп занимающих привилегированное престижное положение в обществе, в связи с участием в принятии решений, связанных с использованием государственной власти Теория элит Г. Моска и В. Парето: 1. Общество делится на класс правящих и класс управляемых; 2. Элита – это люди, способные к управлению другими людьми, они обладают моральным, материальным, интеллектуальным превосходством 3. Кроме правящей элиты образуется оппозиционная элита – контрэлита, она стремиться к власти и когда наступает упадок правящего класса, происходит смена элит. Состав: главы государств, правительство, руководители парламента, лидеры партий и др. 4. Главный признак элит – оказание постоянного влияния на принятие политических решений!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-16.jpg" alt="> PARTY (partis, pars - part, group) - group"> ПАРТИЯ (partis, pars – часть, группа) – группа единомышленников, объединенных в политическую организацию, с целью выражения и защиты интересов определенной социальной группы общества ОБЩЕСТВЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ДВИЖЕНИЯ – солидарная (совместная) активность граждан, направленная на достижение какой-либо значимой политической цели Полити Инициативн Клубы Союзы ая группа ческая цель ПАРТИИ ДВИЖЕНИЯ Общность идеологии Нет общей идеологии Выражение интересов определенных Не ставят цели прихода к власти социальных групп База массовая Борьба за завоевание политической После достижения цели могут власти – притязания на власть и распасться, а могут превратиться в участие во власти – важнейший партию признак партии!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-17.jpg" alt="> CLASSIFICATION OF PARTIES Those in power"> КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ПАРТИЙ Находящиеся у власти Консерваторы Левые Социал-демократы Центр Либералы Правые Коммунисты Фашисты По отношению к власти: правящие и оппозиционные По организационной структуре: массовые и кадровые По программным установкам: крайне левые, центристские, правые, крайне правые Функции партий: 1. Связь гражданского общества и государства 2. Электоральная – участие в выборах 3. Политическая социализация граждан 4. Воспитание политических элит!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-18.jpg" alt="> POLITICAL LEADERSHIP Political leadership is the personal ability to influence"> ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ЛИДЕРСТВО Политическое лидерство – личностная способность влиять на политическое поведение и политическую деятельность людей в группе, организации или обществе Настойчивость, воля, мужество Имидж, ораторские способности Характеристики Команда помощников политического Программа лидера Выражение интересов опред. группы Поддержка власти и масс!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-19.jpg" alt=">TYPES OF LEADERSHIP ACCORDING TO M. WEBER Traditional leadership, based on traditions ( tribal leaders, monarchs)"> ТИПЫ ЛИДЕРСТВА ПО М. ВЕБЕРУ Традиционное лидерство, основано на традициях (вожди племен, монархи) ПРИВЫЧКА Рационально-легальное лидерство– лидерство, осуществляемое на основе и в рамках законов, принятых современным демократическим обществом. РАЗУМ Харизматическое лидерство основывается на вере в необыкновенные, выдающиеся качества вождя. Это лидеры по призванию, народные вожди «от Бога» . ВЕРА!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-20.jpg" alt=">GOVERNMENT BODIES">!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-22.jpg" alt=">FEDERAL STRUCTURE OF RUSSIA Based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation includes"> ФЕДЕРАТИВНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО РОССИИ На основе Конституции РФ и поправок к Конституции Российская Федерация включает в себя 83 субъекта Федерации. РОССИЯ= 21 республика+46 областей+9 краев+ 1 автономная область+4 автономных округа+ 2 города федерального значения (Москва и Принята 12 декабря 1993 по Санкт-Петербург) результатам референдума (всенародное голосование!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-23.jpg" alt="> POLITICAL PARTICIPATION These are the actions of a citizen in order to influence the development, adoption And"> ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ УЧАСТИЕ Это действия гражданина, с целью повлиять на разработку, принятие и реализацию гос. решений, выбор представителей в институты власти Политическая элита (профессионалы) Рядовые граждане Признаки участия Прямое 1. конкретное (непосредстве нное) участие действие 2. добровольность 3. участие является Представительное действительным, а (опосредованное) через избранных не фиктивным представителей!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-24.jpg" alt=">MEDIA IN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM Media - means of creating, replicating and distributing information"> СМИ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЕ СМИ – средства создания, тиражирования и распространения информации в массовой аудитории Пресса Важный социальный Радио Каналы институт, распространени ТV инструмент я информации управления Интернет поведением людей Функции: 1. Информационная; влияние на избирателя 2. Политическая социализация 3. Представление различных общественных интересов 4. Формирование общественного мнения!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-25.jpg" alt=">ELECTION PROCESS IN RUSSIA The election process is a set of actions in"> ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС В РОССИИ Избирательный процесс – комплекс действий в процессе выборов Выборы Этапы: v. Всеобщие v- Организационный v. Равные v- Выдвижение и регистрация v. Тайные кандидатов v. Прямые v- Предвыборная агитация v- Голосование и определение его Активное Пассивное результатов v- Обнародование итогов избирательн ное право Абсентеизм – уклонение от Лоббизм (лобби)= группы участия в выборах давления!}
Src="https://present5.com/presentation/1/17183157_159471676.pdf-img/17183157_159471676.pdf-26.jpg" alt=">LEGISLATIVE PROCESS IN THE RF 1. Legislative initiative 2. Discussion 3 . Adoption"> ЗАКОНОТВОРЧЕСКИЙ ПРОЦЕСС В РФ 1. Законодател ьная инициатива 2. Обсуждение 3. Принятие (внесения з/п в ГД з/п в ГД) 4. Принятие 5. Подписание з/п в Президентом и Совете обнародование Федерации (опубликование)!}
