Political consciousness presentation. Political consciousness

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Social studies, 11th grade Social and political consciousness Vera Vladimirovna Serova, teacher of history and social studies MAOU "Gymnasium of the city of Yurga"

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Social consciousness J. Locke: a specific reality, a special inner world that the subject knows. G. Hegel: a set of ideas - individual or collective. K. Marx: reflection of social existence; a set of collective ideas inherent in a certain era. It essentially reflects the very state of a particular society. A holistic and complex spiritual phenomenon

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Structure of social consciousness Forms: Philosophy Political consciousness (ideology) Legal consciousness (legal consciousness) Morality Art (artistic consciousness) Science (including philosophy) Religion Levels: Social psychology Ideology Individual and public consciousness - constant interaction

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Political consciousness One of the forms of social consciousness A set of ideas and feelings, views and emotions, assessments and attitudes that express people’s attitude to the implemented and desired policies, determining a person’s ability to participate in managing the affairs of society and the state. The result and at the same time the process of reflecting and mastering political reality with taking into account people's interests

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Functions of political consciousness Regulatory (gives guidelines regarding political participation) Evaluative (promotes the development of an attitude towards political life) Integrating (promotes the unification of social groups) Cognitive (helps to assimilate and analyze political information) Predictive (creates the basis for anticipating the development of the political process) Mobilizing (encourages participation in social and political life)

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Levels of political consciousness Everyday-practical (psychological) - is formed spontaneously, on the basis of people’s everyday life experience and has such features as inconsistency, superficiality, lack of systematization, emotionality, etc. Ideological - theoretical - is formed by certain social groups on the basis of a targeted study of the political process and has such features as integrity, systematization, the ability to forecast, embodied in declarations, programs

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Everyday practical level Political psychology - political feelings, emotions, moods, opinions and other psychological components and aspects of the political life of society The stable part of political psychology: Morals Mentality Psychological makeup of ethnic groups Common sense The variable part: Moods Emotions Experiences Expectations

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Ideological - theoretical level Political ideology - a system of ideas, views, concepts on political life, ways of explaining the world of politics, which is based on values, orientations towards certain political phenomena, processes, structures Levels of political ideology: Theoretical-conceptual - formulation of the main provisions (doctrine) Programmatic-political - development of programs, manifestos, ideological basis (program) Actualized - the degree to which citizens have mastered the goals and principles of a given ideology and the extent of their implementation in practical actions (political practice)

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Political ideology As a rule, institutionalized in political parties, movements, unions, groupings Functions: Educational - mastering mass political consciousness, constructing group values ​​Propaganda - creating a positive image of the policy being pursued Integrating - uniting society on the basis of national values ​​Mobilization - stimulating targeted actions citizens to fulfill assigned tasks

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Modern political ideologies Conservatism main values: state, church, family, private property Strengthening the foundations of the state Against state capitalism, radical reforms and extremism Inequality is inherent in society Society is changing evolutionarily

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Modern political ideologies Liberalism Main values: democracy, individualism, guarantee of human rights, fair property, economic freedoms The absolute value of the human person Limiting the volume and spheres of state activity Political equality of all people Society is changing through reforms

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Modern political ideologies Social democracy (social reformism) – Rejection of the ideas of class struggle, revolution, dictatorship of the proletariat Main values: freedom, justice, solidarity Rule of law, parliamentary democracy, guarantees of individual rights State regulation of a market economy Creation of living and working conditions worthy of humans , redistribution of income in favor of the disabled Accessibility of the education system and spiritual values ​​Improvement of the environment

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Modern political ideologies Radicalism is a decisive change in existing social and political institutions The desire for a rapid pace of change Justification of forceful methods of achieving set goals Can act as a theoretical justification and justification for terrorism Manifests itself in crisis, transitional historical periods, when a threat arises to the existence, traditions or way of life of certain layers or radical left and right radical groups

Lessons Political consciousness. Grade 11

Goals and objectives:
1) introduce the main features and essence of political consciousness, determine the main ideas and values ​​that underlie each of the ideologies, find out the motives for political behavior, and determine the mechanism for regulating political behavior;
2) develop the ability to explain the internal and external connections of the social objects under study, analyze, draw conclusions, rationally solve cognitive and problematic problems, carry out individual and group educational research on social issues, participate in discussions, work with documents;
3) to form an attitude towards the problem of forming political consciousness.
Equipment: diagrams, package of documents.
Type of lessons: lesson-reasoning.
Progress of lessons
I. Organizational moment
Political ideologies that emerged in Europe in modern times have their own original development and history. But at the same time, similar theories existed in different eras, in different cultures. Thus, the teaching of Hobbes resembles the ideas of the Chinese legalists, liberalism - the teaching of Aristotle.
Are there certain types of political consciousness inherent in humanity as such, and not just in individual societies and eras? This is what we will talk about in our lesson.

1. Political consciousness
Phenomena and processes occurring in politics inevitably arouse a certain interest in a person, one or another subjective attitude towards them. It is on this basis that political consciousness is formed. To characterize the concept of “political consciousness” it is necessary:
characterize the main types of political consciousness;
highlight the levels of political consciousness;
determine the functions of political consciousness.
Political consciousness is a set of theories, ideas, views, and perceptions widespread in society that express people’s attitude to the political system, system, as well as to the activities of political institutions and leaders.
Political consciousness is closely related to other types and forms of awareness of reality: moral consciousness, religious, legal, aesthetic, etc.
There are many classifications of political consciousness.
Model 1
Main types of political consciousness:
Individual political consciousness - personal views, the position of an individual, based on his life experience.
Group political consciousness develops within certain ethnic, religious, economic, professional and other groups, reflecting their political preferences.
Public political consciousness is used to characterize the consciousness of macro-collectives. It is formed on the basis of assessments of political life typical for a given society, on the basis of traditional values.
Model 2
The everyday level of political consciousness reflects an understanding of political events through the prism of everyday life. Ordinary political consciousness is characteristic of the majority of members of society. It is characterized by vagueness, unsystematicity, and inconsistency. It is formed on the basis of people's life experiences.
Theoretical level of political consciousness - knowledge about politics is systematized, political concepts, ideas, views are developed, and political forecasts are made. This level corresponds to such an element of political consciousness as political ideology.
Political consciousness performs the following functions in the life of society:
the cognitive-information function consists of obtaining political information, studying the surrounding political reality;
the evaluative function involves critical reflection, assessment of political events and the formation of one’s own political position;
the ideological function is possible because political consciousness generalizes individual ideas into entire systems;
the regulatory function determines people’s behavior on the basis of political ideas, norms, beliefs, and provides guidelines for political behavior and participation;
the mobilization function is to encourage individuals to actively participate in political life in order to defend their political interests;
the integrating function is that political consciousness contributes to the unification of society on the basis of common values, ideas, attitudes;
The communicative function provides processes of interaction between various elements of the political system.
2. The essence of political ideology
Despite all the seeming unpredictability of political interactions at first glance, due to differences in the goals and interests of participants in the political process, in real political life a certain predetermination of their actions is revealed, subordination to a certain logic. What ensures the integrity of society and political order in the presence of heterogeneous and even opposing interests of social groups, the ability to achieve consensus and advance society along the path of progress? This factor is political ideologies.
Political ideology is a system of fundamental (basic) ideas and concepts that, with more or less accuracy, reflect political phenomena and processes in accordance with which political consciousness (worldview) and life position of an individual, social groups, and society as a whole are formed.
The term “ideology” was introduced into scientific circulation by the French scientist and philosopher Antoine de Trecy at the end of the 18th century. He used this word to mean "the science of ideas."
Political ideology contains the views of a given group on political life, substantiates the group’s claims to power and its use in the interests of the group. She answers the questions:
1. What should state power be like?
2. What policies should it pursue?
Ideology performs a number of functions in the political life of society:
ideological;
value;
motivational;
legitimizing;
integrating.
Political ideologies perform these functions due to two properties:
claims to total significance (or globality);
normativity.
Ideology should not be confused with propaganda. If ideology is the form of existence of political ideas, then political propaganda is the main means of their dissemination.
Forms of political ideology:
socio-political theories that provide justification for certain values ​​and ideals;
political programs reflecting the demands of social groups, political elites, political organizations;
speeches by party and government officials;
the consciousness of citizens, which determines their political behavior.
- Which of the statements seems closer to the truth to you?
A. Ideology is the “remnants” of certain “sensual dogmas”, absolute truths, social judgments based on a mixture of facts and feelings (V. Pareto).
B. Ideology is a “voluntary mystification” (K. Mannheim).
B. “Ideology is an unrecognizable lie” (B.A. Lehey).
G. “Ideologies are value systems that act as a political worldview that has the power of faith and great orientation potential” (E. Shils).
Give reasons for your choice.
3. Modern political ideologies
The main political ideologies existing in the modern world include liberal, conservative, anarchist, socialist and communist ideologies.
Working with paragraph 3 of § 14, fill out the table “Modern political ideologies.”
Modern political ideologies
Political ideology Essence
LiberalismFormed at the end of the XVII-XVIII centuries. based on the political philosophy of the English educators D. Locke, T. Hobbes, A. Smith and others.
The term "liberalism" comes from the Latin. liberalis - free.
Basic ideas and principles characteristic of classical liberalism.
In the ideological field:
rationalism;
cosmopolitanism (from the Greek kosmopolites - citizen of the world), freedom from groups, class and nationalist prejudices;
humanism, recognition of the absolute value of the human person, the priority of the private over the public; democracy.
In the political field:
the rule of law and human freedom within the law;
the idea of ​​the rule of law and the contractual origin of the state. The idea of ​​the role of the state as a “night watchman”;
the idea of ​​natural inalienable human rights;
recognition of fundamental freedoms and rights of citizens;
the principle of separation of powers (executive, legislative and judicial);
the idea of ​​parliamentarism;
the idea of ​​political pluralism.
In the economic field:
free economy:
demand for the abolition of regulation and restrictions by the state;
space for private initiative;
free market;
creating conditions for the development of private entrepreneurship.

ConservatismAs follows from the literal translation of this term (from the Latin conserve - preserve, protect; conservator - guardian), this conservationist ideology is focused on supporting and preserving existing social institutions, traditional values, and defends the priority of continuity over innovation. The formation of conservative ideology, as well as liberal one, took place in the first half of the 19th century. Conservatism arose as a reaction of the European public to the Great French Bourgeois Revolution (1789-1794). Great Britain is considered the birthplace of conservatism.
Among the main postulates on which conservative ideology is based are the following:
pessimism in assessing human nature, skepticism regarding the human mind;
orientation towards the authority of the state;
social stability, the guarantees of which are ensured through the preservation of value principles (family, national, religious) passed down from generation to generation;
preservation of existing institutions. The desire to transform and implement an ideal model of social order is seen as dangerous; development should occur extremely carefully, relying on gradually, from generation to generation, accumulated positive experience;
denial of the possibility of social equality between people;
skeptical attitude towards parliamentarism and elected institutions of government;
private property is the guarantor of personal freedom and social order; power should be given to people only on the basis of property, since those who have something to lose are not inclined to adventure; a person who skillfully manages his capital will take better care of the state economy.

The term "socialism"comes from lat. socialis - public
Social democratic (social reformism) It arose on the basis of a revision (revision) of a number of provisions of Marxism and the rejection of the ideas of class struggle, revolution, and the dictatorship of the proletariat.
Modern social democracy has completely abandoned Marxism. Based on an analysis of the development of capitalism, the ideologists of social reformism concluded that the path to socialism lies through gradual transformations of capitalist society, through reforms. In the middle of the 20th century. These ideas were absorbed by the concept of democratic socialism, the main values ​​of which were:
Liberty;
justice;
solidarity.
In the political sphere this is:
constitutional state;
parliamentary democracy;
guarantees of individual rights.
State regulation of the market economy and social relations is provided.
Social democracy is understood as the creation of living and working conditions worthy of humans, the redistribution of income in favor of the disabled, accessibility of the education system and spiritual values, and improvement of the environment.
Communist(Leninism) This ideology emphasized the Marxist idea of ​​revolutionary violence. Particular attention in this ideology was paid to the role of the state of the dictatorship of the proletariat, led by the Communist Party, in the reconstruction of society on the principles of equality and social justice. In the second half of the 20th century. Many carriers of communist ideology in a number of countries abandoned the idea of ​​the dictatorship of the proletariat and developed mechanisms for a peaceful transition to socialism, moving closer to the Social Democrats in a number of positions. Other radical supporters of communist orientation remained committed to the principles of the revolutionary reorganization of society and the violent suppression of opponents of such a transformation
FascismThe ideology of fascism, in contrast to liberal, conservative and socialist ideas, arose in the 20th century. and was a reflection of the deep crises affecting various countries. Modern researchers note its inherent ideas:
racial inequality and the superiority of one race over another;
assessment of the personal principle as secondary in comparison with racial-ethnic; attitude towards national minorities and political parties that defend the principles of democracy and the rule of law, as
to internal enemies;
rejection of the democratic system in favor of strong dictatorial power;
justification for the political dominance of the fascist party, ensuring complete control over the individual
and the whole society;
the principle of Fuhrerism (leaderism), meaning the unity of the state, embodied in the leader, and requiring the unconditional subordination of the masses to their leader.
This ideology is characterized by the encouragement of militarism, the praise of war, which should lead to the unity of the nation.
Racism, chauvinism, violence, misanthropy, aggression - all this is inherent in varieties of fascism
AnarchismFrom Greek anarhia - anarchy. This ideology originated in the middle of the 19th century. Its main provisions were formulated by P. Proudhon, M.A. Bakunin, P.A. Kropotkin. The main principles on which the ideology of anarchism is based:
Liberty;
individualism;
radicalism.
Anarchism rejects everything that restricts human freedom, including the state. From the point of view of the ideologists of anarchism, the ideal form of political structure should be considered a stateless social system, which is a federation of public organizations, communes, provinces and social communities. Free self-government, the absence of coercion and subordination must become the basis of true order in society. Hence the famous slogan “Anarchy is the mother of order”
- Which of the considered ideologies do you consider acceptable for our country? Why?
4. The role of ideology in political life
Break into creative groups and discuss the role of ideology in political life. (Conclusions. 1. Ideology strengthens the unification of people in one political organization. 2. Ideology helps to make one’s choice during elections. 3. With the help of ideology, political organizations disseminate among the population their assessments of the past and present, their understanding of the political situation, and ideas about the future. 4. Ideology becomes a motive for political activity. 5. It plays a mobilizing role. 6. National ideology plays a particularly important role.)
There is still no national ideology in our country. I propose that in groups they develop their own models of national ideology and express the meaning of their proposals visually in the form of a poster, poster, collage, etc.
5. Political psychology
Political psychology plays an important role in the structure of political consciousness. There is a diagram in front of you on your desktop. Study it carefully and answer the questions.
Political psychology
Political psychology - political feelings, emotions, moods, opinions and other mental components and aspects of the political life of society and the individual
Stable parts: morals, mentality of ethnic groups, common sense.
Variable parts: moods, emotions, experiences, expectations
Practical psychology is formed in the process of interaction between citizens and government institutions. Consequently, it is characterized as a practical type of consciousness, including:
rational elements;
irrational elements
Mental processes influencing political activity
Political perception is the first stage of processing political information
Political thinking - judgments, conclusions, conclusions are extremely illogical, as they are determined by the level of political culture
Political emotions - they often prevail over logic due to the complexity of political relations
Questions Learn § 14, complete the tasks

Social studies test Political consciousness for 11th grade students with answers. The test consists of 3 parts and is intended to test knowledge on the topic Problems of socio-political and spiritual life. In part 1 - 10 tasks, in part 2 - 4 tasks, in part 3 - 2 tasks.

1. Political consciousness is one of the forms

1) public consciousness
2) social psychology
3) philosophy
4) social life

2. The term "Ideology" was coined

1) in the 17th century by John Locke
2) in the 18th century by Antoine Destutt de Tracy
3) in the 19th century by Friedrich Engels
4) in the twentieth century by Vladimir Lenin

3. The science of a special sphere of human life associated with power relations and the state-political organization of society is called

1) sociology
2) political science
3) philosophy
4) psychology

4. Freedom of the individual is the main value

1) liberalism
2) conservatism
3) social reformism
4) Marxism

5. Stability and order are basic principles

1) liberalism
2) conservatism
3) anarchism
4) Marxism

6. The inevitability of the socialist revolution became the basis of philosophy

1) liberalism
2) conservatism
3) social reformism
4) Marxism-Leninism

7. The idea of ​​abandoning the democratic system in favor of a strong dictatorial power is an integral part of the ideology

1) liberalism
2) Marxism-Leninism
3) fascism
4) conservatism

8. The principle of non-interference of the state in the country's economy is characteristic of the ideology

1) neoliberalism
2) neo-Nazism
3) neoconservatism
4) neo-Thomism

9. Denial of the state is characteristic of ideology

1) liberalism
2) conservatism
3) anarchism
4) fascism

10. Family, religion and morality are the most important values

1) liberalism
2) fascism
3) Marxism
4) conservatism

1. Establish a correspondence between political ideologies and their supporters: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Ideologies

A) liberalism
B) conservatism
B) Marxism
D) fascism

Supporters

1) K. Kautsky
2) M. Thatcher
3) T. Jefferson
4) B. Mussolini

2. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, characterize the concept of “functions of the media”.
Informational, legislative, control, mobilization, function of political socialization.
Find and indicate a term that refers to another concept.

3. Find the types of fascist ideology in the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) communism
2) racism
3) anarchism
4) populism
5) chauvinism
6) Nazism

4. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

Anarchism is a socio-political __________ (A), hostile to any __________ (B). The philosophical basis of anarchism is considered to be __________ (B), subjectivism and voluntarism. The most significant issue in __________ (D) anarchism is the question of __________ (D), anarchists, as a rule, demand its immediate __________ (E).

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can be used only once. Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.

List of terms

1) individualism
2) power
3) ideology
4) current
5) collectivism
6) destruction
7) state

1. You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic
"Political propaganda in the media as a means of shaping public opinion." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

2. Choose one of the statements below, reveal its meaning, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic raised). When expressing your thoughts on various aspects of the problem raised (the designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use the knowledge gained from studying the social studies course, relevant concepts, as well as facts of social life and your own life experience.

1) “Anyone who was not a liberal at sixteen has no heart; Anyone who hasn't become a conservative by sixty has no head." (W. Disraeli).
2) “True conservatism is the struggle of eternity with time, the resistance of incorruptibility to decay” (N.A. Berdyaev).
3) “Propaganda is a monologue that seeks not an answer, but an echo” (W.H. Auden).­

Answers to the social studies test Political consciousness
Part 1
1-1
2-2
3-2
4-1
5-2
6-4
7-3
8-1
9-3
10-4
Part 2
1. 3214
2. legislative
3. 256
4. 4213

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Presentation - Political consciousness

Text of this presentation

Political consciousness
Social studies 11th grade. Completed by: history and social studies teacher E. N. Yakunina, Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 1, r. Pachelma village

Goals and objectives:
1) introduce the main features and essence of political consciousness, determine the main ideas and values ​​that underlie each of the ideologies, determine the functions of the media in political life; 2) develop the ability to explain the internal and external connections of the social objects being studied, analyze, draw conclusions, solve problematic problems, carry out individual and group educational research on social issues, participate in discussions, work independently with texts, find information in the media, analyze and draw conclusions . 3) to form an attitude towards the problem of forming political consciousness.

Plan:
Political consciousness Everyday and theoretical consciousness The concept of “ideology” Modern political ideologies The role of ideology in political life Political psychology The media and political consciousness.

Political consciousness
Political consciousness is a set of theories, ideas, views, and perceptions widespread in society that express people’s attitude to the political system, the activities of political institutions and leaders.
Political consciousness is brought to life by our assessment, our attitude towards politics and the political situation in the country and the world

Types of political consciousness
Individual personal views, the position of an individual, based on his life experience
Group reflects the political preferences of individual social groups
Social consciousness of macro-collectives, formed on the basis of traditions

Levels of political consciousness
Everyday level Reflects an understanding of political events through the prism of everyday life. Characterized by vagueness, unsystematicity, and inconsistency. Formed on the basis of life experience Theoretical level Systemic ideas about politics, political concepts, ideas, views, political forecasts, political ideology.

Functions of political consciousness
Cognitive-informational Evaluative Ideological Regulatory Mobilization Integrating Communication

Ordinary and theoretical consciousness
Read pp. 156-157; Explain: - What do we mean by ordinary consciousness? - What is ideological-theoretical consciousness?

The concept of "ideology"
IDEOLOGY (from idea and logos - word, doctrine) - a system of political, legal, moral, religious, aesthetic and philosophical views and ideas in which people’s attitudes to reality are recognized and assessed. IDEA (Greek idea) - 1) initially “that which is visible”, “visible” (like eidos), then “visible essence”, prototype. Plato called the intelligible prototypes of things in the sensory world, true being, ideas. According to Kant, ideas are concepts of the mind that have no corresponding object in sensory experience (freedom, immortality, God). 2) Thought, idea. 3) Intention, plan.

The essence of political ideology
Political ideology is a system of basic ideas that reflect political phenomena and processes, in accordance with which the political consciousness and life position of an individual, social groups, and society as a whole are formed.
The term “ideology” was introduced into scientific circulation by the philosopher and scientist Antoine de Trecy at the end of the 18th century. and meant “science of ideas”

Functions of political ideology
Worldview Value Motivational Legitimization Integrating
These functions are performed due to two properties: 1. claim to total significance 2. normativity

Forms of political ideology
Socio-political theories that provide justification for values ​​and ideals Political programs that reflect the demands of social groups, political elites, political organizations Speeches by party and government officials consciousness of citizens that determines their political behavior

Which statement seems closer to the truth to you? Give reasons for your choice.
Ideology is the “remnants” of certain “sensual dogmas”, absolute truths, social judgments based on a mixture of facts and feelings (V. Pareto). Ideology is a “voluntary mystification” (K. Mannheim). “Ideology is an unrecognizable lie” (B.A. Lehey). “Ideologies are value systems that act as a political worldview that has the power of faith and great orientation potential” (E. Shils).

Modern political ideologies:
Liberalism
Conservatism
Socialism
Social democracy
Communism (Leninism)
Nationalism
Fascism
Anarchism

Working with paragraph 3, § 14, fill out the table “Modern political ideologies.”
Political ideology Essence

The role of ideology in political life:
Strengthens the unification of people in one political organization Helps make their choice during elections With the help of ideology, political organizations disseminate their political views among the population Ideology becomes a motive for political activity Plays a mobilizing role National ideology plays a particularly important role

Political psychology
Political psychology – political feelings, emotions, moods, opinions and other psychological components and aspects of the political life of society and the individual.
Stable parts: morals, mentality of ethnic groups, common sense.
Variable parts: moods, emotions, experiences, expectations.

Political psychology
Political psychology is formed in the process of interaction between citizens and government institutions. Consequently, it is characterized as a practical type of consciousness, including: rational elements, irrational elements

Mental processes influencing political activity
Political perception is the first stage of processing political information.
Political thinking - judgments, conclusions, conclusions are extremely illogical, because determined by the level of political culture.
Political emotions often prevail over logic due to the complexity of political relations.

Political propaganda
What is propaganda? What words do you associate it with? P. 165 of the textbook - 1 paragraph.

Political propaganda
Political propaganda is a type of activity aimed at creating certain sentiments in society; Consolidating certain values ​​in the minds of citizens; - a critical attitude towards certain aspects of reality, the actions of political opponents; - stimulating distrust of another ideology and its rejection.

Media and political consciousness
Read pp. 165-166, fill in the table
FUNCTION NAME FUNCTION CONTENTS

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