Stylistic features of journalistic style of speech. Stylistic features of journalistic style

Journalistic style- this is a style of socio-political literature, periodicals, oratory, etc., which is determined by the content of the texts and the main goals - to influence the masses, call them to action, communicate information, etc.

The origin of the journalistic style dates back to the 16th century; in Russia it is associated with the pamphlets of Ivan Peresvetov, the correspondence of Tsar Ivan IV with Prince Kurbsky. It received further development in the 18th century in the works of I.A. Krylova, N.I. Novikova, A.P. Sumarokova, D.I. Fonvizin and others. The style was finally formed in Russia in the 19th century, and V.G. played a significant role in this. Belinsky, A.I. Herzen, N.G. Chernyshevsky, N.A. Dobrolyubov.

The main stylistic features of the journalistic style:

– brevity of presentation with richness of information;

– clarity of presentation (newspaper is the most common type of mass media);

– emotionality, generality, ease of expression.

Characteristic features of the journalistic style:

– socio-political vocabulary and phraseology;

– the use of speech stamps, their easy reproducibility ( field workers, counter workers, friendly atmosphere);

– use of short sentences – chopped prose;

– elliptical sentences (verbless phrases) – ( privatization check–to each; banks–not only for bankers);

– combination of features of journalistic style with features of other styles;

– use of figurative and expressive means of language (rhetorical questions, repetitions, inversion, etc.).

Widespread newspaper and magazine variety of journalistic style.

Literary and artistic style- this is a style of fiction, which is determined by its content and main goals - to convey one’s attitude towards the environment depicted, to paint a picture with words, to describe an event, etc.

The main stylistic features of the literary and artistic style:

– imagery, emotionality;

– unity of communicative and aesthetic functions.

Characteristic features of the literary and artistic style:

– widespread use of vocabulary and phraseology of other styles; use of figurative and expressive means;

– manifestation of the author’s creative individuality (author’s style).

Conversational style

Conversational style opposed to book styles, it alone performs the function of communication.

The main stylistic features of the colloquial style:

– expressiveness, lack of preliminary consideration of the statement;

– emotionality, ease, generality.

Characteristic features of conversational style:

– widespread use of everyday vocabulary and phraseology;

– use of extra-lexical means (intonation, stress, pauses, rate of speech, etc.);

– a dialogue form of utterance, less often a monologue;

– inclusion of particles, interjections, introductory words, appeals into speech;

– predominance of simple sentences over complex ones;

– use of plug-in and connecting structures;

– lexical repetitions, inversions (reverse word order).

Errors associated with violation of stylistic norms

Ι. Unjustified use of book words

In writing

Often words that are necessary in one speech situation are inappropriate in another. This is one of the reasons for stylistic errors.

In the journalistic style, stylistic errors often arise due to the unmotivated use of high book vocabulary. Addressing her is not justified in sentences such as: “ The store staff, like all progressive humanity, went on a work shift in honor of the great holiday».

In the scientific style, errors arise due to the author’s inability to use terms professionally and competently. (For example: " The driver's movements must be limited by the seat belt." Required: seat belt.)

A passion for terms and book vocabulary in texts that are not related to the scientific style can cause pseudoscientific presentation. (For example: " There are singers who perform original Russian songs with elements of imitation of a foreign style of sound production.».)

ΙΙ. Unjustified use of colloquial words in writing

And common words

Errors may be caused by inappropriate use of colloquial and colloquial words. Their use is unacceptable in an official business style. (For example: " Exercise effective control over thriftyconsumption of feed on the farm». Edit: « It is necessary to strictly control the consumption of feed on the farm».)

The use of colloquial vocabulary leads to a violation of the stylistic norms of journalistic style. (For example: " Construction organizations performed below their capabilities.” Or: “Barley harvesting was canceled».)

In these cases, colloquial words give the sentences a familiar, rude tone.

Stylistic errors arise when mixing vocabulary of different styles. The combination of book and colloquial words is completely unacceptable. (For example: " Management immediately jumped on the value proposition" Or: " To arm themselves with irrefutable facts, they took a photojournalist with them».)

ΙΙΙ. The use of historicisms and archaisms

Language is constantly evolving. It contains active and passive vocabulary at the same time. The passive includes obsolete words that are understandable to speakers. Such words are listed in explanatory dictionaries with the mark “outdated.”

Historicisms– words representing the names of disappeared objects, phenomena, concepts. (For example: chain mail, hussar.)

Archaisms- names of existing objects and phenomena, for some reason replaced by other words. (Wed. comedian–actor, gold–gold, everyday–Always.)

The use of outdated words without taking into account their expressive coloring becomes the cause of gross stylistic errors. (For example: " The new residents welcomed the builders as their dearest guests.».)

ΙΥ. Neologism

Each era enriches the language with new words. The acquisition of new words by a language occurs in different ways: some of them quickly become widespread, others do not.

Neologisms- words that belong to passive vocabulary, but retain a connotation of novelty.

Sovietisms- new words that came into the language during the Soviet era.

The use of neologisms in speech causes great difficulties. Addressing them should always be stylistically motivated. Neologisms in which the requirements for euphony of speech are violated are considered unsuccessful. (For example: hack, juggle.)

The sound form of a neologism is completely unacceptable if it causes unwanted associations due to its similarity with already known words. Sentences like:

« An important task is significant afforestation of the landscape"(cf. baldness).

Let's compare options for stylistic editing of a text in which the use of neologisms is not justified:

Υ. Phraseologisms. Stylistic errors

Week 13. Topic: “Publicistic style and its characteristics. Functions of journalistic style. Style-forming features. Linguistic means that shape journalistic style.”

Target: Formation of students' concept of journalistic style of speech.

Upon completion of the lesson, the student should be able to:

1. distinguish between literary and non-literary styles of speech;

2. identify texts of journalistic style according to characteristic features;

3. highlight linguistic means characteristic of the journalistic style;

4. use journalistic texts in accordance with the communicative situation;

5. use glossary words in the process of professional communication.

The word journalism comes from Lat. publicus– public.

The main goal of the journalistic style is to inform, convey socially significant information, influence the reader, listener, convince him of something, instill in him certain ideas, encourage him to take certain actions. Serves a wide range of social relations: political, economic, cultural, sports, everyday life, used in socio-political literature, periodicals (newspapers, magazines), radio and television programs, documentary films, some types of oratory (for example, in political eloquence ).

Exercise 1. Make up as many phrases as possible with the words “public” and “public.”

Example: public speech, public library, appreciative public.

Functions of journalistic style

- Information. The main task of a journalistic text is to convey new, relevant information.

- Expressive. Most genres of journalistic style have the goal of influencing the listener or reader.

Task 2. Read the text. Determine what function of the journalistic style is reflected in it. Illustrate your answer with specific examples from the text.

Dog is a friend of the Internet

Today, mail is associated not with envelopes and stamps, but with a dog and a dot. The character is used in an email address as a separator between the users' name and the hostname (the computers on which their mailboxes are located).

The modern name of the symbol is “commercial at”. It came from recording calculations. For example, “7 widgets @ $2 each = $14,” which translates to “7 widgets @ $2 = $14.” This symbol was used on business papers, it was on typewriters, and then it was transferred to computer keyboards.

When email creator Tomlinson was asked why he chose the symbol @ , he explained it simply: “I was looking for a sign on the keyboard that could not appear in any name and cause confusion.” The first network address was tomlinson@bbn-tenexa.

Why do Russian-speaking users most often call the symbol @ exactly “dog”? Firstly, the icon really does look like a curled up dog. Secondly, the abrupt sound of the English “at” is a bit like a dog barking. This symbol is also called a frog, a bun, an ear, a ram...

In Germany and Poland the sign @ - this is “monkey tail”, “monkey ear”, “paper clip”, “monkey”, in America and Finland - “cat”, in China and Taiwan - “mouse”, in Turkey - “rose”, in Serbia - “ crazy A”, in Vietnam – “crooked A”. But disciplined Japanese use the English “attomark”. (According to I. Rinev)

Task 3. Pay attention to the words “associate”, “commercial”, “electronic”, “Russian-language”, “disciplined”. Explain why they contain a double consonant.

Task 4. Search work. Find information about other signs and symbols used on the Internet (ampersand, octothorp, etc.). Prepare a short speech in journalistic style about these signs.

The journalistic style is characterized by the following features:

O Accuracy and reliability

O Specificity

O Passion, appeal

O Publicity

O Imagery

O Emotionality

Task 5. Explain how each feature is manifested in a journalistic text. As an example, take a magazine article on a topic that interests you.

Linguistic features of journalistic style of speech

Lexical means

O Socio-political vocabulary: democracy, election campaign, rally, progressive, political party

O Terms (science, art, sports, military affairs): arena of political struggle, information technology, dialogue between countries, innovative discoveries

O Speech stereotypes (clichés): according to data from informed sources, the century of development of communications, the era of the Internet.

O Neologisms: modified, tablet, gadget, newsmaker.

Morphological and word-formation means

Active use of international prefixes: anti-, counter-, neo-, pseudo-, ultra-, etc.: ultra-modern, anti-globalist, pseudo-art.

Words with suffixes -ness, -stv, -eni, international suffixes - qi(ya), izatssh(ya), - ist, - izm, - ant: humanism, informatization, modernization.

Nouns with a collective meaning: humanity, students.

Imperative forms of verbs expressing a call to joint action: must begin, update, let's continue.

Syntactic means

O Rhetorical questions: Who is the hero of our time? We addressed this question to our viewers.

O Repetitions: We often don’t even know all the capabilities of our gadgets, we don’t know and don’t want to find out.

O Exclamatory sentences: What a wonderful world opens up before a person who “knows” the Internet for the first time!

O Messages: Dear listeners! Today we will talk about new products in the field of IT technologies.

Task 6. Read the text. Note the features characteristic of the journalistic style. Find all the linguistic means characteristic of the journalistic style.

Make up questions for the text. When writing questions, pay special attention to neologisms related to technology.

Rewrite the text so that it takes the form of an interview (or several interviews with different people). You may add additional information or use only what is given in the text.

InterDa or InterNET?

The first Millennium Technology Award in human history was awarded to Tim Berners Lee, the inventor of the Internet.

While working at the European Nuclear Research Center in the 1980s, Berners Lee invented and implemented a method called hypertext. This method formed the basis for transmitting information over a computer network.

In the fall of 1990, the world's first Internet server and Internet browser appeared - thus the “documented universe” was born, which many scientists of the 20th century dreamed of.

Unfortunately, the World Wide Web has long turned into a global trash heap. Here you can find everything - porn sites, information about drugs and explosive devices, etc. You can insult anyone in any way you like on an Internet forum page and not bear any responsibility for it. Here it is no longer possible to distinguish truth from lies. “Now the anonymity of the Internet borders on chaos,” says antivirus software developer Evgeny Kaspersky. – The lack of rules of behavior and supervisory bodies is reminiscent of the situation on the roads, where there are no rules, signs, driver’s licenses, license plates. Moreover, even if 99% of users behave correctly, 1% of hooligans will be able to disrupt the operation of the entire Network.”

The solution can be found either in modernizing the Internet, or in creating Internet-2, parallel and reliably protected. After all, it is a big misconception that the World Wide Web is anonymous. A person goes online and all his movements are recorded by the provider. This means that this information can be used to organize a new World Wide Web, to identify each user (something like a driver's license).

However, according to Kaspersky, the Internet – in the form in which it exists now – is living out its last years. There are already viruses that can “kill” it in a matter of hours. It’s just that for the time being they were not released beyond a narrow circle of specialists.

If hackers launch a global attack on the Network and take out
If several superservers fail (this is the basis of the Internet - there are only a little more than ten of them), then the World Wide Web will be torn into pieces. And users from different regions simply will not be able to contact each other. And then we'll go back to the old ways
communications - mail, telephone and telegraph. We’ll probably also remember the books on the shelves... Is this really possible? (According to D. Pisarenko)

Glossary

Hypertext

Provider

Task 7. Select 20 words from the newspaper that are characteristic of the journalistic style. Ten words should have a positive evaluative connotation, the rest should have a negative evaluative connotation. Words must be given as part of sentences.

For example: Thanks to its compact size and battery power, the digital pen is excellent a companion for a graphic artist or designer, for everyone who likes to draw and draw in their free time.

Task 8. Select at least 10 journalistic set phrases from newspaper and magazine texts. Use their example to show positive-evaluative and negative-evaluative connotations in journalistic contexts.

For example:

Phrases that have a positive evaluative connotation: The world of digital technologies is developing vigorously in various directions: computer, digital, household. Phrases that have a negative evaluative connotation: Today, Internet providers do not try put a spoke in each other's wheels , since this market is practically free.

Task 9. Rewrite the text, adding the missing punctuation marks. Pay special attention to sentences with direct speech. Underline the words in the text that name social processes and phenomena; explain the meaning of these words. Write out abbreviations from the text and decipher their meaning.

At the VII Eurasian Media Forum held in Almaty at the session “The Role of the Media in the Conditions of Bilingualism and a Multicultural Society,” one of the speakers, the former Minister of Culture and Information of Kazakhstan, Ermukhamet Ertysbaev, noted that Kazakhstan eventually became one of the leaders of the CIS in the socio-economic market political modernization - bilingualism played a serious role. Currently, 463 newspapers are published in Kazakhstan in the Kazakh language, 874 in Russian - much more. The Russian language dominates because it is one of the six world languages ​​and no one in Kazakhstan sets the task of infringing on and reducing its influence... Kazakhstan, by the way, is the only country in the world, in my opinion, where from the state budget we finance newspapers published in German, Korean, Ukrainian and Uyghur languages.

Radik Vatyrshin, Chairman of the Mir TV and Radio Company said: The countries of the former Soviet Union have a common media market... The unified Russian language in our common information space is not a disadvantage but a competitive advantage.

Another problem uniting the former Soviet republics is the fight against extremism, terrorism, cross-border crime and drug trafficking. added This opposition to world evil is one of the really operating mechanisms. And if there had not been the CIS instrument and a whole series of signed agreements on the fight against terrorism, many issues would have been much more difficult to resolve, the Foreign Minister is sure.

Valery Ruzin, vice-president of the Eurasian Academy of Television and Radio, said the Media Forum is a landmark phenomenon. For many journalists, not only Russian but also from foreign countries, it has become a calling card of Kazakhstan. Because here, as a rule, current interesting controversial issues are discussed and in the struggle of opinions, points of view collide very interestingly.

(Based on materials from the Khabar TV and Radio Broadcasting Company)

The word journalistic is derived from the Latin word publicus, which means “public, state”. The words journalistic (socio-political literature on modern, topical topics) and publicist (author of works on socio-political topics) have the same root as the word journalistic. Etymologically, all these words are related to the word public, which has two meanings: 1) visitors, spectators, listeners; 2) people, people.

The purpose of the journalistic style of speech- informing, transmitting socially significant information with a simultaneous influence on the reader, listener, convincing him of something, instilling in him certain ideas, views, inducing him to certain actions.

The scope of use of journalistic style of speech- socio-economic, political, cultural relations.

Genres of journalism- article in a newspaper, magazine, essay, report, interview, feuilleton, oratorical speech, judicial speech, speech on radio, television, at a meeting, report.

The journalistic style of speech is characterized by logic, imagery, emotionality, evaluativeness, appeal and their corresponding linguistic means. It widely uses socio-political vocabulary and various types of syntactic constructions.

A journalistic text is often constructed as a scientific argument: an important social problem is put forward, possible ways to solve it are analyzed and assessed, generalizations and conclusions are made, the material is arranged in a strict logical sequence, and general scientific terminology is used. This brings him closer to the scientific style.

Publicistic speeches are distinguished by reliability, accuracy of facts, specificity, and strict validity. This also brings him closer to the scientific style of speech. On the other hand, journalistic speech is characterized by passion and appeal. The most important requirement for journalism is accessibility: it is intended for a wide audience and must be understandable to everyone.

The journalistic style has much in common with the artistic style of speech. In order to effectively influence the reader or listener, his imagination and feelings, the speaker or writer uses epithets, comparisons, metaphors and other figurative means, resorts to colloquial and even colloquial words and expressions, phraseological expressions that enhance the emotional impact of speech.

The journalistic articles of literary critics V.G. are widely known. Belinsky, N.A. Dobrolyubova, N.G. Chernyshevsky, N.V. Shelgunov, historians S.M. Solovyova, V.O. Klyuchevsky, philosophers V.V. Rozanova, N.A. Berdyaev, speeches by outstanding Russian lawyers A.F. Koni, F.N. Gobber. M. Gorky turned to journalistic genres (the cycles “On Modernity”, “In America”, “Notes on Philistinism”, “Untimely Thoughts”), V.G. Korolenko (letters to A.V. Lunacharsky), M.A. Sholokhov, A.N. Tolstoy, L.M. Leonov. Writers S.P. are known for their journalistic articles. Zalygin, V.G. Rasputin, D.A. Granin, V.Ya. Lakshin, academician D.S. Likhachev.

The journalistic style (as mentioned earlier) includes the speech of the defense attorney or prosecutor in court. And the fate of a person often depends on their oratory and ability to speak.

The journalistic style of speech is characterized by the widespread use of socio-political vocabulary, as well as vocabulary denoting the concepts of morality, ethics, medicine, economics, culture, words from the field of psychology, words denoting the internal state, human experiences, etc.

In the journalistic style the following words are often used: with the prefixes a-, anti-, de-, inter-, time- (s-); with the suffixes -i(ya), -tsi(ya), -izatsi(ya), -ism, -ist; with roots close in meaning to the prefixes, all-, general-, super-.

The vocabulary of the journalistic style is characterized by the use of figurative means, figurative meaning of words, words with a strong emotional connotation.

The means of emotional influence used in this style of speech are diverse. For the most part, they resemble figurative and expressive means of artistic style of speech, with the difference, however, that their main purpose is not the creation of artistic images, but rather the influence on the reader, listener, convincing him of something and informing, transmitting information.

Emotional means of expressive language can include epithets (including those that are an appendix), comparisons, metaphors, rhetorical questions and appeals, lexical repetitions, gradation. Gradation is sometimes combined with repetition (not a single week, not a single day, not a single minute can be lost); it can be enhanced by grammatical means: the use of gradational conjunctions and conjunctions (not only..., but also; not only..., but and; not only …, How many). This includes phraseological units, proverbs, sayings, colloquial figures of speech (including colloquialisms); the use of literary images, quotes, linguistic means of humor, irony, satire (witty comparisons, ironic inserts, satirical retelling, parody, puns).

Emotional means of language are combined in a journalistic style with strict logical evidence, semantic highlighting of particularly important words, phrases, and individual parts of the statement.

Socio-political vocabulary is replenished as a result of borrowings, new formations and the revival of previously known words, but which have received a new meaning (for example: entrepreneur, business, market, etc.).

In the journalistic style of speech, as in the scientific style, nouns in the genitive case are often used as an inconsistent definition of the type of voice of the world, neighboring countries. In sentences, verbs in the imperative mood and reflexive verbs often act as predicates.

The syntax of this style of speech is characterized by the use of homogeneous members, introductory words and sentences, participial and participial phrases, and complex syntactic constructions.

Journalistic style and its features

Introduction

journalistic style speech informational

The purpose of this work is to study the journalistic style of speech and its features.

Objectives: consider the general specifics of the journalistic style; determine its main functions; study various substyles related to the journalistic style and, finally, reveal the linguistic features of this style of speech.

Journalism is closely woven into the life of any modern society, which is difficult to imagine without the media, advertising, political appeals and speeches. In addition, it is journalistic texts that are an indicator of the linguistic culture of the entire society as a whole.

Let us consider below the features of the journalistic style of speech.

General specifics

The linguistic features of each style are determined by the tasks facing the author of the text. Journalism describes socially significant events: everyday, sports, cultural, economic, political. These events affect the interests of a large audience - which means that the addressee of the journalistic text is mass.

The goal of the author of a journalistic text is to convey certain information to the reader, viewer, listener and evaluate it, to convince the addressee that he is right. The combination of informative and evaluative plans in a journalistic style of speech leads to the use of both neutral and extremely expressive language means. The presence of terms, logical presentation and the presence of words neutral in stylistic connotation bring the journalistic style closer to the scientific and official business style. At the same time, significant linguistic expression makes the journalistic text original and less standardized.

In journalism, it is imperative to take into account who exactly the addressee is in each specific case. Based on this, the author builds his text in accordance with the age, gender, social status, and life interests of the reader.

Functions

There are two functions of journalistic style: informationalAnd influencing.

The information function in a journalistic text is reduced to transmitting certain information and facts to the addressee. At the same time, this information and facts are used only when they are of public interest and do not contradict the beliefs expressed by the author of the text.

Journalism is called upon to actively intervene in social life and shape public opinion. And therefore its influencing function is very important. The author of a journalistic text is not an indifferent recorder of events, but an active participant and commentator. Its goal is to convince the addressee that he is right, to influence the reader, to instill in him certain ideas. The author's position is direct and open.

The functions of journalistic style are closely and inseparably linked.

Substyles

The journalistic style is complex and branched, characterized by numerous transitional influences. In this regard, there are three main substyles: political-ideological, political and propagandaAnd strictly journalistic. Each substyle is divided into varieties depending on genre and other features. The genre differences here are very noticeable.

The political-ideological substyle is represented by party documents and is characterized by the greatest formality and low expression of the text. This substyle is quite close to the official business style. During the USSR it was more common than in modern Russia.

Appeals, proclamations, orders belong to the political propaganda substyle. In this substyle, the most significant is the influencing function. Political propaganda texts are primarily aimed at the adult politically active population of the country.

The most common is the actual journalistic (newspaper-journalistic) substyle. Therefore, let's look at it in more detail.

The newspaper and journalistic substyle is developing very quickly, dynamically reflecting the social and cultural state of society. Over the past fifty years, it has undergone significant changes in terms of reducing declarativeness and expanding the content and linguistic range.

This substyle is most closely connected with the everyday life of society and, accordingly, is influenced by the colloquial style. At the same time, the sphere of interpersonal communication of a modern person covers the topics of science, production, sports, and social activities. As a result, in the journalistic substyle itself, transitional, inter-style influences are most noticeable. The combination of elements of different styles simultaneously leads to partial neutralization and preservation of the original stylistic coloring. The language of the newspaper is close to the everyday speech of many modern people, but is more expressive and colorful. Within the newspaper-journalistic substyle, a unique stylistic reorientation of linguistic resources takes place. Some newspaper vocabulary becomes commonly used and undergoes general language adaptation. At the same time, many speech units came to the newspaper from scientific, professional, colloquial speech and over time begin to be perceived by the prevailing part of the audience as “newspaperisms” (for example, “labor productivity”, “cost reduction”, “red corner”, etc.) .

As a result, a new stylistic integrity is formed, which can be conditionally called social and everyday. It constitutes the main semi-neutral background of the newspaper-journalistic substyle and is the link between the language of the media and the language of the sphere of interpersonal communication.

In the journalistic subgenre itself, four types of genres are distinguished: informational, analytical, artistic and journalistic, advertising. Information genres include reportage, interview, information article; for analytical ones - commentary, review, analytical article; to artistic and journalistic - sketch, essay, feuilleton, sketch; Advertising uses elements from almost all genres.

Language features

Among the linguistic features of the journalistic style, three groups are distinguished: lexical, morphologicalAnd syntacticpeculiarities. Let's start by looking at the first group.

Lexical features

In journalistic texts, elements of all functional styles and even non-literary forms of the Russian language, including jargon, are used. At the same time, the colorfulness and expression of the journalistic style is due to the use of:

· speech standards, clichés (“employment service”, “law enforcement agencies”);

· typical newspaper phrases (“to reach the forefront”, “beacons of production”). They are not used in other styles;

· scientific terminology that goes beyond the scope of highly specialized use (“virtual world”, “default”, “investment”);

· socially charged synonyms (“gang of hired killers”);

· unusual lexical compatibility (“preacher of the whip”, “apostle of ignorance”);

· words reflecting social and political processes in society (“policy of dialogue”, “balance of interests”);

· new words and expressions (“detente”, “consensus”, “cold war”);

· socio-political vocabulary and phraseology (“society”, “freedom”, “glasnost”, “privatization”);

· stylistically lowered words with a negative assessment (“pirate course”, “policy of aggression and provocations”);

· speech cliches that have a clerical connotation and arose under the influence of the official business style (“at this stage”, “today”, “at this period of time”);

· colloquial words and expressions (“quiet and quiet”, “horde”).

Morphological features

Morphological features of the journalistic style are characterized by the use of:

· complex words (“mutually beneficial”, “good neighborly”, “CIS”, “OMON”);

· international word-forming suffixes (-tsia, -ra, -ism, -ant) and foreign language prefixes (archi-, anti-, hyper-, dez-, post-, counter);

· certain types of abstract nouns with the suffixes -ost, -stvo, -nie, -ie (“cooperation”, “condemnation”, “intransigence”);

· formations with Russian and Old Slavonic prefixes naming socio-political concepts (“universal”, “super-powerful”, “inter-party”);

· words with emotionally expressive affixes -schina, -ichat, ultra- (“to put on airs”, “everyday life”, “ultra-left”);

· substantivization of adjectives and participles (adjectives and participles as nouns).

Syntactic features

· correctness and clarity of sentence construction, their simplicity and clarity;

· use of all types of one-part sentences;

· syntactic expression techniques (inversion, rhetorical questions, appeals, imperative and exclamatory sentences);

· monologue speech, dialogue, direct speech.

Techniques used

Among the various linguistic features of the journalistic style, it is necessary to consider the following.

Journalistic stamps. Journalistic cliches have a dual nature. On the one hand, these are stable phrases close to official business clichés (“to wonder,” “to treat with distrust,” “to open up bright prospects,” “to become a bright event”). Many of them are paraphrases; one-word neutral synonyms can be selected for them (“to have an intention” - “to intend”, “to want”; “to treat with distrust” - “not to trust”). On the other hand, journalistic texts use clichés that are expressive: “wagging a finger,” “biting one’s elbows,” “blinking one’s eyes.” Most of these phraseological units are of an oral nature; they appear in texts along with colloquial vocabulary.

The combination of neutral and expressive clichés is especially characteristic of polemical and evaluative texts.

Language game- intentional violation of norms of speech behavior that causes laughter. The psychological basis of the language game is the effect of disappointed expectations: the reader expects that one thing will be written in accordance with the norms of the language, but reads something completely different.

A language game uses means at various levels - from phonetics and graphics to syntax:

"Chrome Temple Science?" - the sound similarity of words is played out;

“Utop-model” - a non-existent word is formed;

“Danger technique” - a stable phrase is “destroyed”.

Precedent texts. Such texts include titles of social events, names or texts that speakers reproduce in their speech. At the same time, precedent texts serve as a kind of symbols of certain standard situations (for example, speaking names).

The source of precedent texts are “ancient” works (the Bible, ancient Russian texts), oral folk art, original works of art, etc.

Appeal to the addressee. A means of helping the author of a journalistic text to convince the reader that he is right is an appeal to the addressee - an appeal to the reader that has a special, confidential character.

The means of appeal can be a question to which the author provides an answer, as well as a rhetorical question.

The author can address the addressee directly: “so, dear readers...”. He can also call on the reader to take a joint action (“Let’s imagine another life situation...”). All these means allow the author to “get closer” to the addressee and gain his trust.

Conclusion

Thus, the journalistic style is a complex style with various linguistic features, various fields of application and having different functions. It resonates to varying degrees with each of the other functional styles of the Russian language: artistic, official, business, and scientific. At the same time, the journalistic style is widespread both in oral form and in writing and television. By interfering in the social life of every person, journalism penetrates deeply into modern society - and this trend is only growing over time.

Bibliography

Lapteva M. A. Russian language and speech culture / M. A. Lapteva, O. A. Rekhlova, M. V. Rumyantsev. - Krasnoyarsk: IPC KSTU, 2006. - 216 p.

Vasilyeva A. N. Newspaper and journalistic style. A course of lectures on the stylistics of the Russian language for philologists / A. N. Vasilyeva. - M.: Russian language, 1982. - 198 p.

Journalistic style

Plan

I . Introduction.

II . Journalistic style.

3. Genres of journalism.

III . Conclusion

I . Introduction

The Russian language is heterogeneous in its composition. It primarily emphasizes literary language. This is the highest form of the national language, determined by a whole system of norms. They cover its written and oral varieties: pronunciation, vocabulary, word formation, grammar.

Literary language, depending on where and for what it is used, is divided into a number of styles.

Speech styles

Spoken Book

(scientific, official business,

journalistic style

fiction)

The styles of the Russian literary language are characterized by:

the purpose pursued by the speech statement (scientific style is used to communicate scientific information, explain scientific facts; journalistic - to influence the word through the media and directly to the speaker; official business style - to inform);

area of ​​use, environment;

genres;

linguistic (lexical, syntactic) means;

other style features.

II . Journalistic style

1. Characteristics of journalistic style.

Journalistic style addressed to listeners, readers, this is already evidenced by the origin of the word (publicus , lat. – public).

The journalistic style of speech is a functional type of literary language and is widely used in various spheres of public life: in newspapers and magazines, on television and radio, in public political speeches, in the activities of parties and public associations. This should also include political literature for the mass reader and documentary films.

The journalistic style occupies a special place in the system of literary language styles, since in many cases it must rework texts created within the framework of other styles. Scientific and business speech is focused on the intellectual reflection of reality, artistic speech is focused on its emotional reflection. Journalism plays a special role - it seeks to satisfy both intellectual and aesthetic needs. The outstanding French linguist C. Bally wrote that “scientific language is the language of ideas, and artistic speech is the language of feelings.” To this we can add that journalism is the language of both thoughts and feelings. The importance of topics covered by the media requires thorough reflection and appropriate means of logical presentation of thoughts, and the expression of the author’s attitude towards events impossible without the use of emotional means of language.

2. Features of journalistic style.

Sphere of use of journalistic style : speeches, reports, debates, articles on socio-political topics (newspapers, magazines, radio, television).

The main function of works of journalistic style: agitation, propaganda, discussion of pressing social and public issues with the aim of attracting public opinion to them, influencing people, persuading them, instilling certain ideas; inducement to certain actions or actions.

Objectives of speech in journalistic style : transmission of information about current issues of modern life with the aim of influencing people, shaping public opinion.

Characteristics of the utterance : appeal, passion, expression of attitude to the subject of speech, brevity with informative richness.

Features of journalistic style : relevance, timeliness, efficiency, imagery, expressiveness, clarity and logic, information richness, use of means of other styles (especially artistic and scientific), accessibility (understandability for a wide audience), appealing pathos.

Genres of journalistic style : essays, articles in the media (newspapers, magazines, on the Internet), discussions, political debates.

Style Features : logic, imagery, emotionality, evaluativeness, genre diversity.

Language means : socio-political vocabulary and phraseology, words with an emphatically positive or negative meaning, proverbs, sayings, quotes, figurative and expressive means of language (metaphors, epithets, comparisons, inversion, etc.), syntactic constructions of book and colloquial speech, simple (full and incomplete) sentences, rhetorical questions, appeals.

Form and type of speech: written (oral is also possible); monologue, dialogue, polylogue.

3. Genres of journalism.

Journalism has its roots in ancient times. Many biblical texts and the works of ancient scientists and orators that have survived to this day are permeated with journalistic pathos. The literature of Ancient Rus' included genres of journalism. A striking example of a work of journalism in ancient Russian literature” is “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” (the genre of journalism is the word). Over the millennia, journalism has developed in many respects, including genre.

The genre repertoire of modern journalism is also diverse, not inferior to fiction. Here you can find a report, notes, newsreels, an interview, an editorial, a report, an essay, a feuilleton, a review, and other genres.

1) Essay as a genre of journalism.

One of the most common genres of journalism is the essay.Feature article – a short literary work, a brief description of life events (usually socially significant). There are documentary, journalistic, and everyday essays.

There are short essays published in newspapers, large ones published in magazines, and entire books of essays.

A characteristic feature of the essay is documentation, the reliability of the facts and events in question. In an essay, as in a work of art, visual means are used and an element of artistic typification is introduced.

Essays, like other genres of journalism, always raise some important problem.

2) Oral presentation as a genre of journalism.

Oral presentation also belongs to the journalistic genre.

An important distinguishing feature of an oral presentation is the interest of the speaker - the guarantee that your speech will arouse the reciprocal interest of the listeners. Oral presentation should not be drawn out: the attention of listeners becomes dull after 5–10 minutes. The speaker's speech should contain one main idea that the author wants to convey to the audience. In such speech, colloquial expressions and the active use of oratorical speech techniques are acceptable: rhetorical questions, appeals, exclamations, simpler syntax compared to written speech.

It is important to prepare such a speech: think through a plan, select arguments, examples, conclusions, so as not to read “from a piece of paper”, but to convince listeners. If a person owns the subject of his speech, has his own point of view, proves it, this arouses respect, interest, and therefore the attention of listeners.

3) Report as a genre of journalism.

The most difficult form of oral presentation isreport . In this case, you can use pre-prepared recordings, but do not overuse reading, otherwise they will stop listening to the speaker. The report usually concerns some area of ​​knowledge: it can be a scientific report, a report-report. The report requires clarity, logic, evidence, and accessibility. During the course of the report, you can read out vivid quotes, show graphs, tables, illustrations (they should be clearly visible to the audience).

4) Discussion as a genre of journalism.

The report can be a starting pointdiscussions , that is, discussing any controversial issue. It is important to clearly define the subject of discussion. Otherwise, it is doomed to failure: each participant in the dispute will talk about his own. It is necessary to object with reason and provide convincing arguments.

III . Conclusion

The journalistic style is a very important style; it can be used to convey something that cannot be conveyed by other styles of speech.Among the main linguistic features of the journalistic style, one should mention the fundamental heterogeneity of stylistic means; the use of special terminology and emotionally charged vocabulary, a combination of standard and expressive language means, the use of both abstract and concrete vocabulary. An important feature of journalism is the use of the most typical ways of presenting material for a given moment in social life, the most frequent lexical units, phraseological units and metaphorical uses of words characteristic of a given time. The relevance of the content forces the journalist to look for relevant forms of its expression, generally understandable and at the same time distinguished by freshness and novelty.Journalism is the main sphere of origin and the most active channel for the dissemination of linguistic neologisms: lexical, word-formative, phraseological. Therefore, this style has a significant impact on the development of language norms.

References

1. A.I.Vlasenkov, L.M.Rybchenkova. Russian language. 10-11 grades. Textbook for general education institutions. A basic level of. M., “Enlightenment”, 2010.

2. V.F.Grekov, S.E.Kryuchkov, L.A.Cheshko. Russian language. 10-11 grades. Textbook for general education institutions. M., “Enlightenment”, 2010.

3. Deykina A.D., Pakhnova T.M. Russian language (basic and specialized levels).10-11 grades. Textbook for general education institutions. M.Verboom-M, 2005

4. N.A. Senina. Russian language. Preparation for the Unified State Exam 2012. Rostov-on-Don, “Legion”, 2011.