What air masses form the climate of Eurasia. Climatic zones of Eurasia

They determine the extreme diversity and, like nowhere else in the world, the vast distribution of continental climate types. All are represented within the continent (map of climatic zones). The climate of Eurasia is influenced by powerful centers of action, both year-round and seasonal, among which the winter Asian depression and the summer depression over South Asia stand out. In the Subarctic, they operate throughout the year, in temperate latitudes - the polar front, in lower latitudes - cyclones of the tropical front (), which often cause.

V belt there is a convergence of air masses flowing from the north and south, which forms abundant precipitation throughout the year. about + 25 ° С, without noticeable seasonal fluctuations.

In mountainous areas, climatic conditions are pronounced and their change depending on the exposure of the slopes. The barrier isolation of the inner regions of Eurasia is clearly manifested, which is associated with sharp contrasts of moisture. Cooled air stagnates over the vast highlands, and local centers of atmospheric action and peculiar variants of high-mountain climates (for example, the climate of high-mountain deserts and Tibet) are formed.

Analysis of meteorological indicators and their changes throughout the year gives an idea of ​​the wide variety of climates within Eurasia. Eurasia lies in all climatic zones of the Northern Hemisphere, and climatic regions have formed within each zone:

Arctic belt... The northernmost islands of Eurasia, and in the east and the strip of the mainland adjacent to the Arctic Ocean, are located within the Arctic belt. In the Arctic zone, the maritime Arctic climate of the west of the European sector of the Arctic is distinguished: Svalbard and small oceanic islands in the western part of the Arctic Ocean. The maritime climate of these islands is influenced by the warm North Atlantic Current and is characterized by relatively high winter temperatures (from -16 0 C to -20 0 C) and significant annual precipitation (300 mm). The rest of the territory of this belt has a continental arctic climate. Dry cold Arctic air masses dominate here, due to which the entire water area of ​​the Arctic Ocean, without coastal waters, is bound by dense powerful ice throughout the year. The Arctic belt is the supplier of cold air masses to the continent. In all seasons of the year, their movement is directed to the south.

Subarctic belt... It stretches in a narrow strip along the entire continent and includes the island of Iceland, a part of Scandinavia located north of the Arctic Circle and, slightly expanding in the east, goes to the Bering Strait. The subarctic belt is located between the summer and winter positions of the Arctic front and is characterized by the influence of moderate air masses in summer and cold arctic ones in winter. It also has a maritime and continental climate. The first includes Iceland and the islands adjacent to the west of the Scandinavian Peninsula. This type of climate is characterized by a relatively mild (-5 0 C - 10 0 C) winter, cool (no more than + 10 0 C) summer and from 300 to 700 mm of precipitation falling in all seasons in the form of rain and snow.

Temperate zone. The southern boundary of this belt is determined by the summer position of the temperate front and runs from the southern coast of the Bay of Biscay through the middle of the Black and Caspian Seas to the north of the Korea Peninsula and the middle part of Honshu Island.

Air masses of temperate latitudes dominate in this belt throughout the year. On the territory of western Europe, in the temperate zone, there are two subregions - northern and southern. The northern subregion includes Fennoscandia and the north of the island of Great Britain (Scotland). The climate is temperate with cool summers. In the southern subregion, the climate is temperate with warm summers. In the northern subregion, two climatic regions are distinguished: an area with a marine (Norwegian) type of climate and an area with a continental (Swedish) type of climate. The first region includes Western Scandinavia and Scotland. The climate of this region is characterized by an abundance of atmospheric precipitation throughout the year, short cool summers. It is dominated by constantly cloudy, damp, windy weather. The Swedish - continental climate was formed in continental Scandinavia (Sweden, Finland), characterized by cold, long winters with a stable snow cover, short cool summers. In the annual distribution of precipitation, the summer maximum is clearly expressed. Against the background of the continental climate, the climate of the fjelds (flat tops of the Scandinavian mountains) stands out - humid, cold with an average temperature of the summer months less than +10 o C.

In the southern subregion of the temperate zone of Europe, the following climatic regions are distinguished: an area with a maritime climate, which includes Atlantic Europe, an area with a climate transitional from maritime to continental climate of Eastern Europe and an area of ​​continental climate. Against the background of the transitional climate, the climate of the Hercynian middle mountains and the climate of the highlands (Alpine) stand out.

The maritime climate is characterized by mild cold winters (average temperatures of winter months are positive), moderately warm summers, low annual temperature range, abundant precipitation, and frequent strong winds. Ireland, England, France without the south, the west of the German-Polish Plain, and the west of Jutland have this type of climate. The transitional climate from maritime to continental is characterized by negative average temperatures of two to three winter months, not long but stable snow cover, relatively hot and humid summers, and pronounced transitional (spring, autumn) seasons. This type of climate is represented in the east of the German-Polish lowland. The continental climate of the Danube plains is characterized by rather high summer temperatures (+22 0 С, +24 0 С) with insignificant amount of precipitation. In winter, cold continental air masses from the east and north often invade here, causing sharp cold snaps.

The climate of the middle-altitude mountains is characterized by high humidity relative to the surrounding plains. The western-facing slopes receive more precipitation than the opposite eastern slopes. Temperatures are colder in the mountains and snow lasts for three to five months.

The climate of the Alps is characterized by high humidity, the presence of climatic zonation, low temperatures at the tops of the mountains and, as a result, the presence of snow and mountain glaciers. On the territory of the rest of Eurasia, the climate is moderately continental (Russian Plain), continental (Western, Central, Eastern Siberia, Central Asia, Central Asia proper) and monsoon, which covers northeast China, the Korean Peninsula, Hokkaido Island and the northern half of Honshu Island. ... In winter, cold and dry continental air prevails here, which comes from the Central Asian baric center. In summer, it is replaced by warm and humid air, which brings here the Pacific monsoon. The maximum precipitation occurs in the summer - from 60 to 70% per annum. Central Asia itself has a continental climate, on the territory of which the high pressure center and the Central Asian anticyclone are located. Winters are cold and dry while summers are dry and hot.

Subtropical belt also crosses Eurasia from the Atlantic to the Pacific. This belt contains the entire south of western Europe, the Near East uplands up to 30 0 s. sh., north of the Arabian Peninsula, Tibet and the Yangtze basin. It is characterized by a change in the types of air masses: in summer, tropical dry and hot air prevails, in summer - humid air of temperate latitudes. In this zone, the Mediterranean climate stands out, the main features of which are dry and hot summers, mild wet autumn and winter. It is divided into maritime and continental. The western windward sections of the Perinean, Apennine, Balkan peninsulas have a maritime climate, the rest of the European Mediterranean has a continental climate.

On the territory of Asia, within the subtropical climatic zone, several types of climate are also distinguished. In the west (western and southern coasts of Asia Minor and the mountainous west of the Levant), the climate is Mediterranean with hot and dry summers, warm and humid winters. Winter temperatures range from +10 0 C to +12 0 C in the south, from 2 0 C to 3 0 C in the north. Annual precipitation amounts are 500-600 mm on the plains and up to 3000 mm on the windward slopes of the mountains. The continental climate of this belt is characterized by low annual precipitation (from 400 mm in the Anatolian Highlands to 200-100 mm in the Armenian and Iranian highlands), the maximum of which occurs in autumn and winter, hot and dry summers. All the Central Asian highlands have this type of climate up to 30 0 s. sh., North Arabia up to 30 0 s. NS. without the west of the Levant. Throughout the year, the continental air of temperate latitudes dominates over the Western Asian highlands. In winter, there is a strong cooling of the surface of these uplands. In summer, this air warms up and acquires the properties of a continental tropical. Annual temperature amplitudes are large (up to 90 0).

The territory of Tibet stands out in the high-mountainous sub-region of the subtropical belt, which is characterized by cold winters with little snow and rather cool and dry (in most of Tibet's territory) summers. Only in the eastern regions of Tibet is the amount of atmospheric precipitation brought by the Pacific monsoon increasing. Their maximum is in the summer. In general, in Tibet, the relative humidity is very low. The air is dry and cold throughout the year.

In the east, in the Yangtze basin, the climate is monsoon and humid. In summer, the Pacific monsoon brings precipitation, and in winter it rains due to frontal processes. Up to 75% of the annual rainfall occurs in summer. On the windward slopes, it drops up to 2000 mm, on the plains - from 700 to 900 mm.

Tropical trade wind belt... This belt contains the southern half of Arabia, the south of the Iranian Highlands and the Thar Desert. Continental tropical air prevails here throughout the year. The weather is dry and warm in winter and hot and dry in summer. The daily temperature amplitudes are large. The amount of precipitation in most of the territory is less than 100 mm. Only in the mountains of Yemen from 400 mm to 1000 mm. This is an area of ​​negligible moisture.

Subequatorial belt or otherwise the climate of the equatorial monsoons... On its territory are the Indian subcontinent without the Thar desert, the Ceylon island without the southwest, the Indochina peninsula, South China, the Philippine islands without the south, Mindanao, and the southeast islands of the Malay archipelago. In winter, dry continental air is brought here with the trade wind of the northern hemisphere. In summer, humid equatorial air and the monsoon of the Indian Ocean. Winter and spring are dry. The dry season lasts until May-June. Summer and autumn are wet. The hottest time of the year is spring, when the Indus plain warms up more than the equatorial regions. In April and May, temperatures reach 40 0 ​​C and even up to 52 0 C. On the windward slopes of the Assam Mountains in Cherrakunji, an average of 12666 mm of precipitation falls per year, and on the leeward slope of the same mountains - 1700 mm. But there are areas of this belt that receive only 81 mm per year (upper reaches of the Indus River).

Equatorial belt... This belt contains most of the Malay Archipelago (excluding the eastern half of Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands), the Malay Peninsula, southwest of Ceylon, and the south of the Philippine Islands. Equatorial air dominates here throughout the year. This belt is characterized by uniform moisture throughout the year with two maxima, abundant precipitation - from 1500 mm to 4000 mm and more (in the mountains), convective rains, insignificant annual temperature amplitudes (2 0 С - 3 0 С). Average temperatures of the warmest month are 27 0 С - 28 0 С, and the coldest month - 25 0 С - 26 0 С. Precipitation prevails over evaporation. Excessive moisture.

Having analyzed the data of observations of weather conditions and their seasonal changes, scientists have designated the climatic zones of Eurasia. All their diversity is represented on the territory of the mainland. Each belt is subdivided into separate regions with special climatic conditions.

If we bring together the climatic zones of Eurasia, the table will turn out in the form of ramifications. This is due to the fact that in each of them there are smaller zones, which are also fragmented.

Arctic belt

The characteristic of the climatic zones of Eurasia begins with the Arctic. Its zone includes islands located far to the north of the continent, and a small continental strip in the Asian part, which borders the Arctic Ocean.

• The marine is located in the European sector of the Arctic Ocean. It includes Svalbard and other small islands. They are influenced by warm currents from the North Atlantic, resulting in mild winters with temperatures ranging from -16 to -20 ºC. Up to 300 mm of precipitation falls per year.
• The continental arctic climate is characterized by cold, dry air currents. Under their influence, the entire ocean is under the ice crust all year round, with the exception of coastal waters. Cold air streams move southward from the territory dominated by this climate.

Subarctic belt

It stretches in a narrow strip along the mainland. The cold climatic zone of Eurasia includes about. Iceland and the northern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. To the east of the continent, the zone is expanding, approaching the Bering Strait. The belt is located between the boundaries of the Arctic front in summer and winter. In the warm season, it is affected by moderate air currents, and in the cold season, by the arctic. The belt is divided into two regions: continental and maritime. The latter captures Iceland and part of the islands west of Scandinavia. the amount of 300-700 mm per year in the form of snow and rain. The climate is characterized by warm winters (-5 and -10 ºC) and cold summers (up to +10 ºC).

Temperate zone

The temperate climatic zone of Eurasia has a border that runs from the southern coast and crosses the Black and Caspian Seas. Stretches to the northern part of the Korea Peninsula and the middle of about. Honshu.

On the territory of this zone, temperate winds prevail all year round. The main part of Eurasia within the belt is influenced by the following climates:

• Moderate continental: the entire Russian Plain is under his rule.
• Continental: Siberia, Central and Central Asia.
• Monsoon formed in northeastern China, on about. Hokkaido and the northern part of the island. Honshu.

In winter, the area is dominated by dry, frosty air from the baric center in Central Asia. In summer, warm with high moisture content, entering this region with the Pacific monsoon. In summer, more than half of the annual precipitation falls. Winter is frosty and summer is sultry.

The temperate climatic zone in Western Europe is subdivided into 2 subregions: northern and southern.

Northern subregion

The zone includes Fennoscandia and Scotland. It is characterized by a temperate climate with cold summers. The subregion is divided into 2 districts:

• Marine - Norwegian in the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula and northern Great Britain. Summer here is cool and short-lived. There is a lot of precipitation in the form of rain and snow. The weather is almost always cloudy, damp with constant winds.
• Continental - Swedish type of climate on the territory of the country of the same name and Finland. The cold season in this area is frosty. The snow cover is forming. The summer period is short, cool and rainy. On the flat tops of the Scandinavian mountains, a cool climate with high humidity and average summer temperatures of no more than + 10 ºC has formed.

Southern subregion

It includes the following climatic regions:

• Maritime formed in European countries adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean. It is characterized by mild winters without negative average temperatures. The summer period is moderately warm. The winds in the area are strong and blow frequently, and the rains are abundant.
• Transitional from maritime to continental. In winter, a snow cover forms, which does not lie for long. For 2-3 months, average temperatures are below freezing. Summer is hotter and more humid. Spring and autumn are distinctly expressed. The climate was formed in the eastern part of the German-Polish lowland.
• Continental is located in the plains near the Danube. In summer, temperatures reach + 22-24 ºC. Little precipitation falls. In winter, frosty winds from the east and north are frequent guests, causing a rapid decrease in temperatures.
• Hercynian highlands. Humidity in this area is high compared to the plains located at the foot. The western slopes are watered more abundantly than the eastern ones. Temperatures in the mountains are lower, and the snow cover persists for 3-5 months.
• Alpine is characterized by high humidity, mountain peaks with low temperatures, snow cover and glaciers.

Subtropical belt

The subtropical climate zone of Eurasia runs across the entire continent from one ocean to another. In his power is the entire southern part of the Old World, the highlands of Western Asia up to 30º C. sh., the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula, Tibet and the basin of the river. Yangtze. A characteristic feature can be called the fact that in summer the air is dry and hot, and in winter it is humid and warm.

The climatic zones of Eurasia are subdivided into smaller areas with special conditions. Their size depends, first of all, on the relief and the proximity of large water bodies. The following climatic zones are distinguished in the subtropical zone:

• Maritime Mediterranean formed on some peninsulas (Apennines, Balkans) from the sea side and is distinguished by sultry summers and mild winters.
• The continental Mediterranean is located in the European part of the Mediterranean countries, the western and southern coast According to weather conditions, it is similar to the previous one. The temperature in winter in different areas ranges from +2 to +12 ºC. In the flat areas, about 500-600 mm of precipitation falls per year, and in the mountainous areas up to 3000 mm.
• Continental. There is little precipitation: 100-400 mm per year, the main part falls on the autumn-winter period. Formed in the highlands of Western Asia, in the north of the Arabian Peninsula. Over the year, temperature fluctuations reach 90 ° C.
• The alpine subregion is located in the Tibet region. Little snow falls in winter, and summers are dry and cold. Only the east of Tibet is rich in precipitation, which is supplied with monsoon moisture from the Pacific Ocean. Dry and cool air is recorded here year-round.
• Monsoon. The eastern part of the Yangtze has a humid climate. The monsoon from the Pacific Ocean brings rain in the summer, when it falls ¾ of the annual rate. The fronts facilitate precipitation during the cold season. Depending on the relief, their number per year ranges from 700 to 2000 mm.

Tropical belt

The continent of Eurasia has different climatic zones, including the tropical trade wind. It includes: the Thar Desert, the south of the Arabian Peninsula and the southern part. Throughout all seasons, tropical air masses dominate. In the summer, it is hot, the winter is warm. Temperature fluctuations are high during the day. There is a lack of precipitation in the region, for the most part their annual amount does not exceed 100 mm. The exception is the Yemeni mountains, where they fall 400-1000 mm.

Subequatorial belt

It was formed on the territory of about. Ceylon, the Indian subcontinent and Indochina, southern China and a number of other islands. In winter, dry air masses come from the continent, and in summer, humid ones from the Indian Ocean. Spring is the hottest time. The winter-spring period is very dry, and the summer-autumn period is wet.

If we compare the climatic zones of Eurasia, then the subequatorial belt has very contrasting half-years. Dry and wet periods alternate throughout the year.

Equatorial belt

If you compose the climatic zones of Eurasia, the table will turn out to be very bloated due to their number. The equatorial belt is the southernmost region of the continent. It was formed on most of the islands and peninsulas at the equator. Rainfall throughout the year is evenly distributed with 2 peak periods.

Other climatic zones of Eurasia do not have such high average annual temperatures as this one. The amount of precipitation is 1500-4000 mm per year.

The climatic features of Eurasia are determined by the huge size of the continent, the great length from north to south, the variety of prevailing air masses, as well as the specific features of the structure of its surface and the influence of the oceans.

Due to the large extent of the continent from north to south, due to the different number in specific latitudes, Eurasia is located in all climatic zones of the northern hemisphere, from the arctic to the equatorial. The largest territory in terms of area is occupied by the temperate belt, since it is in the temperate latitudes that the continent is most extended from west to east.

On, like other continents, the relief has a great influence. The Alps, Himalayas and other mountains of the Alpine-Himalayan fold belt are an important climatic division of the continent. They block the path of the cold and dry north to the south and at the same time stand as an insurmountable barrier in the way of the warm and humid winds blowing from the south. So, in the depressions, to the north of, 50-100 mm of precipitation falls per year, and at the foot of the eastern Himalayas - more than 10,000 mm per year. Winters in the European Mediterranean countries, beyond the barrier, are warm and relatively cold.

The influence of the oceans on the climate of Eurasia through the influence (, Kuril-Kamchatka, monsoon currents) and the sea air masses forming above them is well known and does not cause difficulties when considering the exam.

Let us briefly dwell on the features and types of climate (climatic regions) on the territory of Eurasia.

In the subarctic and subarctic belts, there are areas with a maritime one in the west of each belt: small temperature ranges due to a relatively warm winter and cool summer (the influence of the branches of the North Atlantic Current). In the east of the belts, the climate is continental with very cold winters (up to -40 ... -45 ° С).

Within the temperate zone, stretching across the entire continent, there is a wide variety of climate types. The marine type of climate in the western regions of Europe is formed under the year-round influence of sea air masses c. Summers are cool here, winters are relatively warm even in northern latitudes on the coast. With the passage of the Atlantic, it changes rapidly: in summer there may be cold snaps, in winter - thaws. The region of transitional climate from maritime to continental occupies mainly the territory of Central Europe. With distance from the ocean, the difference (amplitude) between summer and winter temperatures increases: winter becomes noticeably colder. There is more precipitation in summer than in the cold season. On the territory (up to the Urals), the climate is considered moderately continental. Outside, and Central Asia, winters are very cold and dry, summers are hot and relatively humid. This is an area of ​​sharply continental temperate climate. On the coast, the climate is monsoon with warm, humid summers and cold winters.

In the subtropical zone on the plains the air is positive all year round. The northern boundary of the belt is drawn along the January isotherm at 0 ° C. On the territory of Eurasia, three climatic regions are distinguished in this belt. - in the west of the belt. Dry tropical air masses prevail here in summer (cloudless and hot in summer), and in winter - sea air of temperate latitudes (it rains in winter). The continental climate region occupies the territory of the Near Asian highlands (the Malaya Peninsula, Armenian Peninsula and the north of the Iranian Highlands). Winters in this area are relatively cold (snowfalls and temperature drops below 0 ° C are possible), summers are hot and very dry. The annual amount of precipitation is small, and they fall in the winter-spring period. The region of the monsoon subtropical climate is in the east and occupies the southern half of the islands. Here, a characteristic is the summer maximum in their annual distribution.

The tropical belt does not form a continuous strip and is represented only in the southwest of Asia (peninsula, south of Mesopotamia and the Iranian Highlands, northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent). Continental tropical air masses dominate here throughout the year. The amount of precipitation in the plains does not exceed 200 mm, and in the regions of the belt - below 50 mm per year. Summers are very hot - average July temperatures are from +30 to + 35 ° С. In (Arabia), temperatures up to + 55 ° C were noted. Average January temperatures are from + 12 ° to + 16 ° C.

The belt includes the Hindustan and Indochina peninsulas, the Indo-Gangetic plain, the island (without the southwestern part), Southeast China,. This belt is characterized by a seasonal change in air masses: in summer, humid equatorial air, brought by the monsoon, dominates; in winter, the relatively dry tropical trade wind of the northern hemisphere. The hottest time of the year is spring, when daytime temperatures can exceed + 40 ° C.

Located on the Malay Archipelago (excluding East Java and Small), the peninsula, southwest of Sri Lanka and the south. Throughout the year, sea equatorial air masses dominate here. They are formed from tropical air supplied by the trade winds of both hemispheres. This climate is characterized by abundant rainfall (2000-4000 mm per year) and constantly high temperatures (above + 25 ° C).

Education

The climate of the continent Eurasia. In what climatic zones is Eurasia located?

Eurasia is the largest continent on the planet. The climate of the continent is very diverse. What is causing this? In what climatic zones is the continent of Eurasia located? Let's try to answer all these questions in our article.

Description of the mainland

Three quarters of the world's population live in Eurasia. This is not surprising, because in terms of size, the continent is the largest on Earth. It occupies 35% of the earth's land area, and its area is about 54 million square meters. km.

The main part of Eurasia belongs to the Northern Hemisphere, while some of the islands that belong to the mainland are located in the southern half of the planet. In ancient times, two parts of the continent - Europe and Asia - were perceived separately. They were even considered to be different continents. Now the division between the European and Asian parts of the continent is being carried out only conditionally. The boundaries for this are mountains (Ural mountain range), rivers (Emba, Kuma, Manych), seas (Caspian, Black, Mediterranean, Aegean), as well as straits (Gibraltar, Bosphorus, Dardanelles).

The continent is washed by the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic oceans. The extreme points of the mainland are considered to be the Russian Cape Chelyuskin in the north, and the Malaysian Cape Piai in the south. The Portuguese Cape Roca is the extreme point in the west, and the Russian Cape Dezhnev is in the east.

Factors of the formation of the climate of Eurasia

The climatic zones in which Eurasia is located was primarily influenced by: a significant extent and geographical location. From north to south, the continent stretches for 8 thousand km, while covering a significant territory.

So, in what climatic zones is Eurasia located? Due to the location between the polar circle and the equator, all the belts of the Northern Hemisphere are present on the mainland. The elongation of the mainland from west to east is the main reason for the stunning variety of natural and climatic zones.

Relief is an important climate-forming factor. The continent is home to some of the world's most extensive plains. In these areas, winters are cold and summers are dry and hot. Numerous mountain systems of the mainland create barriers to air masses, not allowing warm southerly winds to pass to the north, and cold and dry ones to the south.

Oceanic basins and rugged coastline play a significant role in the formation of the Eurasian climate. On the edges of the continent, the marine type of climate prevails, in the interior regions - continental. Warm and cold currents in the oceans affect annual changes in coastal temperatures as well as precipitation.

In what climatic zones is the territory of Eurasia located

We have found out the main reasons for the formation of the climate on the mainland. Now let's talk in more detail in which climatic zones Eurasia is located.

Arctic belt. It is located in the far north of the mainland, including the islands that are located in the Arctic Ocean. Dry frosty air, piercing winds and high atmospheric pressure are typical features of the Arctic climate zone. Air temperatures here throughout the year rarely rise above zero, precipitation is about 250 mm.

Subarctic belt. Differs in milder climatic conditions, it acts as a kind of buffer zone between the Arctic and temperate zones. Occupies a strip of the northern part of the continent, including Iceland and part of Scandinavia. In summer, it is influenced by moderate winds and the temperature does not exceed +20. In winter, cold arctic winds blow here, the temperature can drop to -50 degrees.

Temperate zone. It runs along the entire continent below the subarctic belt. It occupies most of Europe and Central Asia. Within its limits, various types of climate have formed, which largely depend on the proximity to the World Ocean. Seasons clearly replace each other, temperature drops during the year are very significant.

Subtropical belt. It covers China and the Japanese islands, Iran, Armenia, Italy, Greece, etc. Winters are mild, cool and humid, while summers are hot and dry.

Tropical belt. Includes southwestern Asia and is absent in Europe. It is characterized by hot summers and very warm winters.

Subequatorial belt. Covers the Indochina Peninsula, the Philippines and the northern part of Sri Lanka. Wet air masses in summer are replaced by dry ones in winter.

Equatorial belt. Occupies the southern part of Sri Lanka, Malay Islands. High temperatures and heavy rainfall prevail here, and winds bring humid sea air.

Conclusion

Most of the continent of Eurasia is located in the Northern Hemisphere. This had a significant impact on the climatic zones in which Eurasia is located. So, on the territory of the mainland there are arctic, subarctic, temperate, subtropical, tropical, subequatorial and equatorial belts.