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Composition of the category of protective forests. Protective forests

Forest fund- all forests on the territory of Russia, regardless of the type of property, their intended purpose and use. The forest fund does not include forests on defense lands and urban settlements, as well as trees and shrubs on agricultural lands, transport, settlements, water resources and other categories.

Forests located on the lands of the forest fund are subdivided into protective, operational and reserve forests according to their intended purpose.

Forests located on lands of other territories can be classified as protective forests.

Protective forests

Located in specially protected natural areas

Located in water protection zones

Forests that perform the functions of protecting natural and other objects:

a) forests located in the first and second zones of the sanitary protection zones of sources of drinking and domestic water supply;

b) protective forest belts located along public railways, federal public highways, public highways owned by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

c) green areas;

d) urban forests;

e) forests located in the first, second and third zones of sanitary (mountain-sanitary) protection districts of medical and recreational areas and resorts;

Valuable forests:

a) state protective forest belts;

b) anti-erosion forests;

c) forests located in desert, semi-desert, forest-steppe, forest-tundra zones, steppes, mountains;

d) forests of scientific or historical significance;

e) walnut-fishing zones;

f) forest fruit plantations;

g) tape burs;

h) forbidden forest belts located along water bodies;

i) spawning forest belts.

Reserve forests

Reserve forests include forests in which timber harvesting is not planned for 20 years.

In R.L. aerial work is carried out for the protection and protection of forests. In forest areas that have a common border with settlements and infrastructure facilities, fire safety measures and extinguishing forest fires are carried out.

It is allowed to use reserve forests without cutting forest plantations. Cutting of forest stands in reserve forests is allowed after they have been assigned to production forests or protective forests.

Especially protected areas of forests:

1) bank protection, soil protection areas of forests located along water bodies, ravine slopes;

2) forest edges bordering treeless spaces;

3) forest seed plantations, permanent forest seed plots;

4) reserved forest areas;

5) areas of forests with the presence of relict and endemic plants;

6) habitats of rare and endangered wild animals;

23. Types of forest use. Wood harvesting methods. Final felling. Estimated cut. Intermediate felling and other felling.

Types of forest use:

1) timber harvesting, partial processing, as well as storage and removal from the forest.

2) preparation of resin. Gum is a viscous liquid released when coniferous trees are injured.

3) harvesting and collection of non-wood forest resources (stumps, birch bark, bark of trees and shrubs, brushwood, branch fodder, spruce, fir, pine paws, spruce for New Year's holidays, moss, forest litter, reeds, reeds and similar forest resources).

4) collateral forest use - harvesting food forest resources and collection of medicinal plants

5) hunting management and hunting.

6) farming is the use of forests for haymaking, grazing farm animals, beekeeping, reindeer husbandry, growing crops and other agricultural activities.

7) implementation of research activities, educational activities.

8) implementation of recreational activities - an independent type of forest use.

9) the creation of forest plantations and their exploitation - this means only artificially grown forest plantations of certain species, the cultivation of which should be carried out on lands of the forest fund and other categories.

10) cultivation of forest fruit, berry, ornamental plants, medicinal plants - the use of plots of the forest fund of the Russian Federation for the cultivation of agricultural crops (vegetables, melons, grains, technical, etc.), the creation of plantations of fruit and berry, walnut, medicinal plants, including ginseng, mushrooms, ornamental plants.

11) performance of work on geological study of subsoil, development of mineral deposits

Wood harvesting methods:

Chipping

Khlystovoy

Assortment

Whole trees

Final felling:

Cutting of ripe and overmature trees for harvesting timber, and in some cases to enhance the water-protective, protective and sanitary-hygienic properties of the forest

All the variety of final felling is combined into 3 groups: selective felling, gradual felling and clearcutting

AAC - r the permitted (maximum permissible) volume of timber harvesting within a given economic section, a forest category, a leased territory, a forestry enterprise, a region or Russia as a whole, determined and approved in the forest inventory process.

In Russia, it is determined only for final felling (i.e. all types of thinning and other felling are performed in excess of the allowable cut).

Economically inaccessible forests or forests remote from transport routes are often included in the calculation. Due to this, the allowable cut is often several times higher than the really inexhaustible volume of felling in economically and transport accessible forests.

Intermediate felling - k category of felling accounting, including thinning and selective sanitary felling. Many types of intermediate fellings in their organizational and technical characteristics coincide with final fellings and in fact differ only in the peculiarities of paperwork and payment of forest taxes. In addition, intermediate felling is carried out in excess of the approved allowable cut and is not limited to it.

1. Protective forests include forests that are subject to development for the purposes provided for by part 4 of Article 12 of this Code.

2.Taking into account the peculiarities of the legal regime of protective forests, the following categories of these forests are determined:
1) forests located in specially protected natural areas;
2) forests located in water protection zones;
3) forests that perform the functions of protecting natural and other objects:
a) forests located in the first and second zones of the sanitary protection zones of sources of drinking and domestic water supply;
b) protective forest belts located along public railways, federal public highways, public highways owned by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
c) green areas;
c_1) forest park zones;
d) urban forests;
e) forests located in the first, second and third zones of sanitary (mountain-sanitary) protection districts of medical and recreational areas and resorts;
4) valuable forests:
a) state protective forest belts;
b) anti-erosion forests;
c) forests located in desert, semi-desert, forest-steppe, forest-tundra zones, steppes, mountains;
d) forests of scientific or historical significance;
e) walnut-fishing zones;
f) forest fruit plantations;
g) tape burs;
h) forbidden forest belts located along water bodies;
i) spawning forest belts.

3. Specially protected forest areas include:
1) bank protection, soil protection areas of forests located along water bodies, ravine slopes;
2) forest edges bordering treeless spaces;
3) forest seed plantations, permanent forest seed plots and other objects of forest seed production;
4) reserved forest areas;
5) areas of forests with the presence of relict and endemic plants;
6) habitats of rare and endangered wild animals;
7) other specially protected areas of forests.

4. Particularly protected areas of forests can be allocated in protective forests, commercial forests and reserve forests.

5. In protective forests and in especially protective forest areas, it is prohibited to carry out activities incompatible with their intended purpose and useful functions.

6. The assignment of forests to protective forests and the allocation of especially protective forest areas and the establishment of their boundaries shall be carried out by state authorities, local self-government bodies within the limits of their powers determined in accordance with Articles 81-84 of this Code.

Commentary on Article 102 of the LC RF

1. Part 1 of the commented article contains general provisions that determine the composition of protective forests. At the same time, the norm of part 1 of the article being commented on is by its nature a reference, since it determines that protective forests are all those forests that are developed for the purposes specified in part 4 of Art. 12 of the RF LC (see the commentary to article 12 of the RF LC). Thus, nevertheless, general provisions on the composition of protective forests are defined in article 12 of the RF LC, and not in the commented article.

2. Part 2 of the commented article defines the composition of protective forests, namely, contains their division into categories. Actually, categories of protective forests are groups of protective forests, depending on their function. The categories of protective forests are as follows:
1) forests located in specially protected natural areas. According to the preamble of the Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Areas", specially protected natural areas are areas of land, water surface and airspace above them, where natural complexes and objects are located that have special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health-improving significance, which are withdrawn by decisions of state authorities in whole or in part from economic use and for which a special protection regime has been established;
2) forests located in water protection zones. Water protection zones in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 65 VK RF - these are territories that adjoin the coastline of seas, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and on which a special regime is established for the implementation of economic and other activities in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation of these water bodies and depletion of their waters, as well as preservation of the habitat of aquatic biological resources and other objects of the animal and plant world;
3) forests that perform the functions of protecting natural and other objects. Such forests include forests with such properties and characteristics that allow them to ensure, in turn, the preservation of the properties and characteristics of other natural and other objects. Clause 3, part 2 of the commented article includes the following to such forests:
a) forests located in the first and second zones of the sanitary protection zones of sources of drinking and domestic water supply. Based on the water legislation, such zones should be understood as territories where special conditions of use are established, and within which any economic activity that may harm water bodies is prohibited;
b) protective forest belts located along public railways, federal public highways, public highways owned by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In accordance with clause 22 of the Forest Inventory Instruction, such forests include forests located on the territory of protective zones of railways and roadside strips of highways established in accordance with the requirements of the legislation on railway transport, on road transport. However, in this part, the commented article establishes the requirement that these protection strips should be located along public roads. We believe that the federal legislator made such a decision in order to ensure priority to precisely those forests that, in turn, ensure the protection of natural and other objects from those negative factors that occur in connection with the operation of public roads. Clause 3, part 2 of the commented article includes such roads:
- public railway tracks - railway tracks on the territories of railway stations open for operations for receiving and dispatching trains, receiving and issuing cargo, baggage, cargo luggage, for servicing passengers and performing sorting and shunting operations, as well as railway tracks connecting such stations (Article 2 of the Charter of Railway Transport of the Russian Federation);
- motor roads of general use property of the Russian Federation and property of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Based on Part 3 of Art. 5 of the Federal Law "On Roads and Road Activities in the Russian Federation and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" such roads are motor roads intended for the movement of vehicles of an unlimited number of persons;
c) green areas. This concept, or rather a legal definition of this concept, is not contained in federal legislation. Meanwhile, it seems that it can be understood as territories with special ecological characteristics that perform a protective function;
d) forest park zones. Forest park zones should be understood as zones occupied by forests and intended for recreation. In accordance with the Regulation on the determination of functional zones in forest park zones, the area and boundaries of forest park zones, green zones, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation of December 14, 2009 N 1007, forest park zones are established in order to organize recreation of the population, preserve sanitary and hygienic, health and aesthetic the values of natural landscapes, and green zones are established in order to ensure the protection of the population from adverse natural and man-made influences, preserve and improve the environment;
e) urban forests. According to the Forest Inventory Instruction, urban forests include forests located on the lands of settlements;
f) forests located in the first, second and third zones of sanitary (mountain-sanitary) protection districts of medical and recreational areas and resorts. Again, in accordance with paragraph 25 of the Forest Instruction, forests located in the first, second and third zones of sanitary (mountain-sanitary) protection districts of medical and health-improving areas and resorts include forests located within the boundaries of sanitary (mountain-sanitary) districts. protection of health-improving areas and resorts, established in compliance with the requirements of the legislation on natural healing resources, health-improving areas and resorts;
4) valuable forests. We believe that valuable forests should include such categories of forests that are of particular value in ecological, natural aspects, as well as in terms of significance for environmental protection. According to clause 4, part 2 of the commented article, such forests include
a) state protective forest belts; Based on clause 26 of the Forest Instruction, these are forest plantations of a linear type artificially created in the forest-steppe, steppe and semi-desert regions, performing climate-regulating, soil-protecting, anti-erosion and water protection functions and having national significance.
b) anti-erosion forests. On the basis of clause 27 of the Forest Instruction, anti-erosion forests include forests designed to protect territories from water and wind erosion;
c) forests located in desert, semi-desert, forest-steppe, forest-tundra zones, steppes, mountains. This category of forests, based on clause 28 of the Forest Inventory Instruction, includes:
- isolated areas of forests in forest-steppe, steppe, desert and semi-desert zones (groves), as well as natural or artificially created forest areas in such zones, confined to the hydrographic network (ravine forests), performing protective functions;
- forests adjacent to the tundra zone, performing protective and climate-regulating functions in the harsh climatic conditions of the Far North;
- Alpine forests growing in the subalpine altitudinal belt on the border with the upper treeless part of mountain peaks and ridges (sparsely wooded mountain areas), which have protective and anti-erosion significance, the size and boundaries of which are determined taking into account local geological, hydrogeological, soil and other natural conditions;
d) forests of scientific or historical significance. This forest category consists of:
- forests located within the boundaries of cultural heritage sites (historical and cultural monuments);
- forests, which are examples of achievements in forestry science and practice, objects of research for the long term;
- forests with unique genetic qualities (genetic reserves);
- forests with unique productivity;
e) walnut-trading zones - cedar forests, which are important as a raw material base for the procurement of nuts, as well as the organization of hunting for fur-bearing animals (clause 30 of the Forest Instruction Manual);
f) forest fruit plantations - natural or artificially created forests, in which valuable fruit-berry and walnut-fruit species of trees and shrubs grow (clause 31 of the Forest Instruction Manual);
g) tape forests - forests of the tape-island type, historically formed in harsh soil and climatic conditions among treeless steppe, semi-desert and desert spaces, which have important climate-regulating, soil-protective and water-protective significance (clause 32 of the Forest Instruction);
h) forbidden forest strips located along water bodies - forests located along the banks of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other water bodies, adjacent directly to the river bed or the bank of another water body, and in case of a treeless floodplain - to the floodplain of the river (clause 33 of the Forest Inventory instructions);
i) spawning forest belts - forests located along the banks of rivers, lakes and other water bodies that are spawning grounds for valuable commercial fish, adjacent directly to the river bed or the bank of another water body, and in case of a treeless floodplain - to the river floodplain (clause 34 of the Forest Inventory instructions).

3. Part 3 of the commented article determines the composition of specially protected forest areas. According to clause 36 of the Forest Instruction, specially protected forest areas are designed in order to preserve the protective and other ecological functions of forests located on such areas, with the establishment of an appropriate regime for forestry and forest use in them. Particularly protected areas of forests can be allocated in protective, exploitation and reserve forests. The composition of specially protected forest areas is as follows:
- bank protection, soil protection areas of forests located along water bodies, ravine slopes;
- forest edges bordering treeless spaces;
- forest seed plantations, permanent forest seed plots and other objects of forest seed production;
- reserved forest areas;
- forest areas with relict and endemic plants;
- habitats of rare and endangered wild animals;
- other specially protected areas of forests.

As for the signs on the basis of which forests are classified as forest types in the category of especially protected forest areas, they are defined in Appendix No. 4 "Standards and signs of identifying especially protected forest areas" to the Forest Instruction Manual.

4. The provision of part 4 of the commented article concerns only protective forest areas and provides for the possibility of identifying such areas not only in protective forests, but also in commercial forests and reserve forests. We consider this provision of Part 4 of the article being commented to be justified, both from a legal and practical point of view, since those types of forests that are classified as especially protective forest areas can grow both in commercial forests and in reserve forests.

5. Part 5 of the commented article contains a provision aimed at ensuring the protection of protective forests and especially protective forest areas. This provision is to prohibit the implementation of activities that are incompatible with their intended purpose and useful functions. In other words, this is an activity that can harm these types of forests, as a result of which they may lose their useful functions and properties (see an example from judicial practice - the decision of the Federal Arbitration Court of the West Siberian District of February 4, 2011 in case No. A70 -5653/2010).

6. Part 6 of the commented article defines the entities that classify forests as protective forests and identify especially protective forest areas, and establish their boundaries. Such subjects are:
- government departments;
- local government bodies.

Determination of boundaries is the activity of defining the lines marked on the land plot on which the specified types of forests are located, within which the forests of these types are located.

Consultations and comments of lawyers under Article 102 of the LC RF

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There are more than 30 names of various categories of protective forests identified in different countries. In 1943 (by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of 23 May 1943, Z 430), the forests of the country were divided according to their national economic purpose into three groups.

The first group included forests of reserves, field-protective, resort, green zones around industrial centers and cities, as well as tape forests in Western Siberia and steppe groves. In the forests of the first group, the most stringent regime has been established, aimed at their preservation and improvement of protective functions.

The forests of the second group include forests of densely populated areas with limited forest resources. Cuttings in them are regulated by an average annual growth, are carried out with the expectation not only of obtaining wood, but also preserving and restoring the protective properties of the forest, especially increasing its water protection functions.

The third group includes forests of many-wooded, underdeveloped areas. They carry out large-scale industrial logging (with the exception of reserve forests, that is, forests not yet developed and not involved in exploitation).

In 1959, protective zones of pre-tundra forests were identified (Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR 16.U.1959, Z 798), which are also referred to the first group of forests.

In 199 "7 in the Forestry Code of the Russian Federation, forests of state significance are divided into the first, second and third groups. This division of forests into groups, retaining, in general, the former basis, is a further development and deepening of their maintenance in accordance with the national economic value of forests , their location and functions performed.

“The first group includes forests that mainly perform the following functions:

water protection (forbidden forest belts along the banks of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other water bodies, including forbidden forest belts protecting the spawning grounds of valuable commercial fish);

protective (anti-erosion forests, including forest areas on steep mountain slopes, state protective forest belts, belt forests, steppe groves and ravine forests, protective forest belts along railways, highways of national, republican and regional significance, especially valuable forest areas) ;

sanitary and hygienic and recreational (urban forests, forests of green zones around cities, other settlements and industrial enterprises, forests of sanitary protection zones of water supply sources and resorts).

The first group also includes forests of reserves, national and natural parks, protected forest areas, forests of scientific or historical significance, natural monuments, forest parks, forests of walnut-commercial zones, forest plantations, sub-tundra and subalpine forests.

The second group includes forests in areas with a high population density and a developed network of transport routes, which have protective and limited operational value, as well as forests with insufficient forest resources, for the preservation of the protective functions of which, the continuity and sustainability of their use, a more stringent forest management regime is required.

The third group includes forests of multi-forested areas, which are mainly of operational importance and are intended for the continuous satisfaction of the needs of the national economy in wood without prejudice to the protective properties of these forests.

Forests of the third group are subdivided into developed and reserve ones. The criteria for assigning forests of the third group to reserve forests are established by the federal forestry management body.

Depending on the group of forests, the order of management in them, the use of forests and corresponding lands is established.

In the forests of the first and second groups and in the mountain forests of all groups, specially protected areas with a limited forest use regime can be identified ”(Forest Code of the Russian Federation, 1997).

In accordance with the "Forest Code of the Russian Federation" (1997), forests of the first group are divided into the following categories of protection:

forbidden strips of forests along the banks of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other water bodies;

Forbidden forest strips protecting the spawning grounds of valuable commercial fish;

anti-erosion forests;

- Protective strips of forests along railways, highways of federal, republican and regional significance;
- state protective forest belts;
- tape burs;
- forests in desert, semi-desert, steppe, forest-steppe and sparsely wooded mountain areas, which are important for the protection of the natural environment;
- forests of green zones of settlements and economic facilities;
- forests of the first and second zones of sanitary protection zones of water supply sources;

forests of the first, second and third zones of sanitary (mountain-sanitary) protection districts of resorts;

- especially valuable woodlands;
- forests of scientific or historical significance;
- natural monuments;
- walnut-fishing zones;
- forest plantations;
- tundra forests;
- forests of state natural reserves;
- forests of national parks;
- forests of natural parks;
- reserved forest areas.

In the process of life, a person not only uses the riches of nature, but also participates in their reproduction. One of the ways to protect the environment and crops is through protective forests. In the article, we will consider why they are planted, what categories they are subdivided into and how they are used.

Definition

Protective forests are homogeneous forest areas that include trees and woody vegetation. Such plantations are developed by humans in order to protect various objects from undesirable natural phenomena, for example, precipitation, wind, avalanches, landslides, erosion, drifts and other climate influences.

In order to develop protective forests, a person applies a set of measures, consisting of:

organization of the process of using the array;
operation and creation of green spaces;
planning of measures for forest protection, its protection and reproduction;
carrying out a set of measures to preserve the living conditions of the animal world.

Forest plantations are divided into two types: artificial and natural. In fact, each forest performs a protective function. The social and ecological significance of protective massifs is superior to their economic and economic value.

Forest groups

To simplify forest management, all green areas of the country are divided into groups:

What do defense arrays include?

Protective forests are presented as defined massifs, zones and stripes.

These include:

cultivated fields from drought and areas of protection from strong winds;
protective areas of the forest, for example, the slopes of ravines, the territory of transport routes and water bodies;
pine, herbaceous and herb-shrub plantations - chops - are created to increase the humidity on the site and increase the yield of crops;
areas of natural or artificial forests.

To protect the plantations, forestry activities are planned, which are carried out in accordance with the planned rejuvenation regime for all plantations. They occur with the use of a certain clearing of the territory without disturbing the integral forest situation. Commercial of such trees, which have not reached the age of natural destruction, should be almost completely excluded.

protective purpose

In addition to their direct responsibility - to protect the natural zone - such forests also perform additional functions.

Among them:

accumulation of organic matter;
oxygen supply to the earth's atmosphere;
climate mitigation;
regulation of the drain;
promoting the preservation of the diversity of species of forest fauna;
become a great place to stay.

To a greater extent, the environment-forming, water protection, sanitary functions of forests are aimed at protecting contaminated soils, water bodies and natural objects. Also, their task is to ensure the safety and use of anthropogenic structures and agricultural land.

Water protection forests serve to prevent watercourses and reservoirs from the formation of silt and preserve the quality of their banks. Spawning grounds for rare fish species are organized along these shores.

Sanitary-hygienic and health-improving forests are located in urban areas and other populated areas, surrounding cities and industrial enterprises, as well as in a protected sanitary zone, water supply sources and resort recreation areas.

Types of forest plantations

The main difference between the objects of forest plantations is the height of the trunks, depending on which the massifs perform their functions. High-stemmed tree species are designed to protect the territory from winds, landslides, water flow after rains. Shrubs are planted for high-quality darkening of the soil, preventing it from drying out, effectively stopping snow and replenishing the soil with substances after rotting of fallen leaves.

Often, protective forests are territories of stripes formed from several species, but on the territory of Russia there are areas with plantings of the same type - areas where one species of trees can grow. For example, pine and ash are used for planting in the central part of the country.

A person constantly looks after forest plantations. Dried objects are removed, and new ones are planted in their place. Properly organized arrays contribute to the formation of ecosystems.

Production and reserve forests

The Forestry Code of the Russian Federation identifies protective forests for operational and reserve purposes.

Operational areas are intended for obtaining high-quality timber and providing industry with other forest resources. Planting planning takes place after the approval of the plan for the restoration of reserve and protective forests.

The main tasks of creating forest areas include:

Ensuring full and rational use of forest resources without reducing the number of forest objects.
Creation of conditions for increasing the growth of wood.
Creation of conditions for improving the quality of wood and the composition of plantations.
Planning to expand the area of cultivation of highly productive plantations.

Reserve forests are areas where timber harvesting is not planned for the next 20 years. In such zones, measures are taken to protect the massifs. Reserve forests can be classified as protective or operational.

Protective forests are the optimal solution to ensure the safety and integrity of many natural objects, to protect crops and transport routes. Thanks to the creation of a special microclimate in such zones, representatives of the animal world can find themselves a new home.

Protective forests include forests that are subject to development, first of all, in order to preserve the environment-forming, water-protective, protective, sanitary-hygienic, recreational and other useful functions of forests. The total area of protective forests is forest fund land 1 815 781 ha. The use of these forests is possible only on the condition that this use is compatible with the intended purpose of protective forests, does not lead to a deterioration in their sanitary condition and a decrease in their environmental protection functions.

According to article 102 (clause 2) of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation (Federal Law No. 200-FZ of 06.12.2006), taking into account the peculiarities of the legal regime of protective forests and other regulatory legal documents of forestry legislation, the following categories of protective forests are identified in the forests of the republic:

1) Forests located in specially protected natural areas.

These include the forests of the Bashkir State Natural Reserve, the Shulgan-Tash State Natural Reserve, the South Ural State Natural Reserve and the Bashkiria National Park. These reserves and the national park are specially protected areas of federal significance and are under the jurisdiction of the Office of Rosprirodnadzor in the Republic of Bashkortostan (382,891 ha).

2) Forests located in water protection zones.

Water protection zones are allocated along rivers, streams, lakes with a width of 50, 100, 200 m (depending on the length of rivers, streams and the area of lakes) in accordance with paragraph 4 of Art. 65 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation (dated 03.06.2006 No. 74-FZ) (282 353 ha).

Forests located in water protection zones perform the functions of preventing pollution, clogging, siltation of water bodies and depletion of their waters, as well as preserving the habitat of aquatic biological resources and other objects of the animal and plant world. The existing allocation of this category is consistent with the goals of preserving the useful functions of forests.

3) Forests performing the functions of protecting natural and other objects:

a) "Forests located in the first and second zones of the sanitary protection zones of sources of drinking and domestic water supply." The allocation of the specified category of protective forests was carried out in accordance with the Federal Law "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population" dated March 30, 1999. No. 52-FZ (with subsequent amendments).

The performed function of this category of protective forests is to maintain public cleanliness around water supply sources in order to preserve the purity of water and its suitability for use by the population. The existing allocation of this category is consistent with the goals of preserving the useful functions of forests.

b) "Protective forest belts located along public railways, federal public highways, public highways owned by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation." The allocation of protective zones was made in accordance with the materials of the latest forest management, taking into account the parameters established by GOST 17.5.3.02 -90 “Protection of the Earth's nature. Standards for the allocation of protective forest belts along railways and highways on the lands of the state forest fund. The list of public roads owned by the Republic of Bashkortostan was approved by the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan dated November 13, 2007 No. 326 (with subsequent amendments) (131 073 ha).

c) "Green zones". These are forests located in the suburban area that perform important climate-regulating, sanitary-hygienic and recreational functions that have a positive effect on the ecological environment of cities and other settlements and provide favorable conditions for people to rest in a forest environment (315,048 ha).

This category of protective forests is separated in full from the previously existing category of protection "Green zones of settlements and economic facilities" in accordance with Art. 8 of Federal Law No. 201-FZ "On the introduction of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation".

d) "Forests located in the first, second and third zones of sanitary protection districts of medical and recreational areas and resorts." These are forests located within the territories of sanitary protection districts of resorts and having a positive impact on the organization and implementation of health-improving activities in treatment and recreation facilities, as well as ensuring the protection of healing factors of the natural environment.

The forests of the first, second and third sanitary protection districts of the resorts were allocated on the basis of the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Bashkortostan (14 189 ha).

4) Valuable forests (1,073,118ha)

a) "State protective forest belts". These are artificially created plantings of a linear type, performing climate control and soil protection functions (4 322 ha). This category of protective forests is allocated on the basis of the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 2500-r dated 2.12.1970 and in accordance with Art. 102 of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation.

b) "Forests located in forest-steppe zones, steppes, mountains." These are forests that are of great importance for the protection of the natural environment, the so-called ravine forests of natural or artificial origin, confined to the hydrographic network; isolated areas of the forest (clearing) in the steppe and forest-steppe regions; alpine forests located along the border with the upper treeless part of mountain peaks and ridges.

Highlighted on the basis of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Bashkortostan in accordance with Art. 102 of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation (428 225 ha).

c) "Forbidden forest belts located along water bodies."

Allocated in accordance with the "Temporary instructions for classifying forests as valuable forests, exploitable forests, reserve forests", approved by order of the Federal Forestry Agency dated August 26, 2008, No. 237, by assigning the prohibited forest zones on the banks of rivers, lakes and reservoirs up to 3 km wide (512 861 ha).

d) "Spawning forest belts". Allocated in accordance with the "Temporary instructions on the classification of forests as valuable forests, commercial forests, reserve forests", approved by order of the Federal Forestry Agency dated August 26, 2008, No. 237, by assigning previously allocated on the basis of regulatory acts of the Russian Federation prohibited forest belts protecting the spawning grounds of valuable commercial fish , allocated by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 554 of 26.10.1973 (with subsequent changes) up to 1 km wide (127 710 ha).

The peculiarities of the use, protection, protection and reproduction of protective forests are determined by the order of the Federal Forestry Agency of December 14, 2010 N 485 "On approval of the Peculiarities of the use, protection, protection, reproduction of forests located in water protection zones, forests performing the functions of protecting natural and other objects of value. forests, as well as forests located in specially protected areas of forests. "

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