The action of a military driver during the march. Fundamentals of marching and marching guards

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Airmobile group of forces of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia (hereinafter referred to as AMG) is a group of specially trained and equipped forces and means of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, which, depending on the classification of emergency or fire, includes the necessary control bodies and units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and is delivered to the disaster area using aviation , aviation technologies, as well as other modes of transport to solve the tasks assigned to it.

Having received the task of organizing a march, the formation commander understands it, studies the route of movement and the nature of the terrain, time of year, weather conditions, etc. on a map (scheme). After this, he gives the order to carry out the march.

The order shall indicate: information about the situation; formation task; purpose of the march; route; time of arrival in the designated area; order of column construction; movement speed; distance between vehicles on the march and stopping places; time of passage of the starting point and control points; neighbors' task; intention of action; tasks of formation units; medical station locations; permissible radiation dose for personnel; time of readiness for the march, their place in the marching order on the march and a deputy.

The formation marches in one marching column.

The amount of daily travel on a march depends on the time allotted for the march, the state of traffic routes, the training of drivers and the technical condition of vehicles, weather, time of year and day, as well as on the organization and provision of the march.

Car convoys move along the roads during the day at an average speed of 30-40 km/h, at night - 25-30 km/h.

The average speed of mixed columns during the day is 25-30 km/h, at night 15-20 km/h.

The distances between formation units following in the same column and vehicles are assigned depending on the speed of movement, the state of the route, visibility conditions and can be between units - 100 m, between vehicles - up to 50 m.

The distances between vehicles and formations increase when driving on roads with steep ascents and descents, turns, in icy conditions, at night and in other conditions. And also when driving at high speeds and when overcoming contaminated areas.

For the timely start of the march, a starting point and control points are designated. The starting point is designated at such a distance from the area where the formations are located that it ensures that the column will be pulled out for the march.

Regulation points are assigned every 3-4 hours of movement. Formations pass the starting point and control points at the time specified by them. The formation commanders report to the senior commander about the passage of the starting point and control points.

When marching over long distances in order to preserve the strength of personnel, check the condition of vehicles, carry out maintenance and troubleshooting, an hour after the start of movement - a stop for 20 minutes, and then every 3-4 hours of movement, rests of up to 1 hour are prescribed and one stop for up to two hours in the second half of the daily journey for food.

The formation of columns at halts is not disturbed; the distances between columns established for the march are maintained. Cars stop on the right side of the road. Personnel, with the exception of duty radio operators and observers, are to the right of the road. Drivers inspect cars. At halts and forced stops, traffic controllers are posted.

Formations on the march must adhere to the established order, especially speed, distance and safety measures. The columns move along the right side of the road, leaving its left side free for oncoming traffic and overtaking.

Overtaking is allowed only with the permission of the senior manager.

Commanders of formations (columns) usually follow at the head of the columns and ensure that the established order and speed of movement are maintained.

Control and communication on the march are provided by radio, mobile and signal means. An observer is assigned to each machine to monitor the signals transmitted along the column.

Having received the task to conduct an ASDNR, the formation commander, after understanding the task and making a decision, assigns tasks to his subordinates, gives the necessary orders and organizes the movement of the formations to the affected area.

When assigning tasks to the formation, the detachment (team) commander indicates:

– means of strengthening, task;

– areas, objects of work;

– the procedure for searching for the injured and providing them with medical care;

– places of loading of injured persons onto transport and routes for their evacuation to medical institutions;

– the place where the formation gathers and the order of actions after completing the task;

– route and order of movement.

The commander personally and through the command center directs the advance of the formation. He clarifies their readiness to move, awaits orders to start moving at the set time, monitors the timeliness of passing the starting point and compliance with the established order of movement on the route.

Formations of an economic object (OE) advance to the source of destruction as part of a general column of civil defense forces or independently. When advancing as part of a common column, the order of movement is determined by the regional regional regional government, and when advancing as an independent column - by the RGO OE (formation commander). To begin the movement, formations are introduced into the assembly area designated in advance in the immediate vicinity of the movement route.

The order of constructing a column to advance the formation to the source of the lesion is established depending on the current situation on the movement routes and areas (object) of work. At the indicated time, the formation passes the starting point, with reconnaissance ahead.

When the formation approaches the source of destruction, the commander, based on reconnaissance data and personal observation, clarifies the formation’s tasks, organizes its rapid entry, determines the routes and order for personnel and equipment to reach the work sites, and takes measures to ensure its timely advance.

Reconnaissance units, following ahead of their formations, establish the presence and degree of infection, the condition of roads and road structures, the nature of destruction, flooding, fires and the direction of their spread. Intelligence data is reported to unit commanders.

Reconnaissance at the site (object) of formation work determines the levels of radioactive contamination, finds entrances and emergency exits of protective structures, and the condition of the people in them, the location and nature of accidents on utility, energy and technological networks.

To ensure the unhindered progress of the formation to the source of damage and the most important areas (objects) of work, a movement support detachment is created - by decision of the Russian Geographical Society of the Russian Federation.

The OOD is created from general-purpose formations (facility, territorial), reinforced by service formations (intelligence, fire, anti-radiation and chemical protection, medical, special forces, etc.). The basis of the detachment is the combined detachment (team).

The commander of the joint detachment (team) is usually appointed as the commander of the joint unit.

OOD, moving along the indicated route:

– conducts reconnaissance;

– restores destroyed sections of roads, if necessary, lays column tracks to bypass rubble, destruction, fires, areas with high levels of radiation;

– restores crossings, and also equips them across small water barriers;

– arranges passages in the rubble;

– localizes and extinguishes fires;

– disinfects certain sections of roads;

– strengthens or brings down structures of buildings and structures that threaten to collapse.

The JOD focuses its main efforts on ensuring the advance of civil defense forces along the main route to the entire depth of the ASDNR region, as well as the formations’ access to important economic facilities.

Depending on the situation, nature and volume of work on the route, the OOD performs the task using the rolling method, in sections simultaneously along the entire route, and, if impossible, sequentially from one section (object) to another.

March order

The formation of the RSChS can march from places of permanent deployment, a collection area or a concentration area.

From places of permanent deployment, the formation makes a march, as a rule, in the case when it independently moves into the emergency zone along an established route.

If several units are involved in the liquidation of an emergency, a collection area may be designated for their collection, verification of readiness, setting tasks and organized movement. In this case, the assembly area can be the territory of one of the units, squares and other open places that allow the concentration of equipment and personnel of the formations and the construction of a column.

If a significant number of multi-departmental forces and assets are involved in the liquidation of an emergency and their deployment is in places remote from each other, then a concentration area may be designated for their collection, verification of readiness, formation of a column, organization of the march and its organized start. The concentration area is designated, as a rule, outside the boundaries of the city (settlement) in a place convenient for the concentration of equipment and personnel.

To carry out a march, one marching column selects (sets) a route of movement.

The route of movement must be chosen in such a way that it ensures the movement of the column at the maximum permissible speed, and the load capacity of the bridges and the height of the overpasses ensure the unhindered movement of all types of equipment.

For the timely and organized start and completion of the march, regulation of the speed of movement, a starting point (line) and regulation points (lines) are assigned.

The time the head of the column passes the starting point (line) is the beginning of the march.

Regulation points (milestones) are assigned after 3-4 hours of movement.

For rest of personnel, meals, checking the condition and maintenance of equipment, after 3-4 hours of movement, stops lasting up to 1 hour are appointed, and in the second half of the daily march one stop lasting up to 2 hours.

If the length of the march is greater than the daily march, then upon its completion places for night (day) rest are assigned for the personnel to rest. The duration of night (day) rest can be 8-10 hours.

The marching order of formation of the RSChS during a march is a column.

Marching order is a grouping of forces and means created to move in a column. The marching order is built taking into account the constant readiness of the formation to act in emergency situations (overcoming obstacles, areas of contamination, pollution and flooding, etc.).

The marching order depends on the task at hand, the training of the driver, the conditions of the march, the situation on the route, the composition and condition of the equipment.

When driving, the distance between cars is 25-50 meters.

The distances between cars are determined by the situation on the route, the state of the road network, the time of day (day, night), weather conditions, and the set speeds along the route. Distances must exclude the possibility of a collision when the car in front suddenly stops.

When driving in rain and ice, on gentle slopes and slopes, in fog and poor visibility, distances can increase to 100 m.

When driving, established rules and procedures, distances and safety measures must be strictly observed. Cars move only on the right side of the road. Overtaking of one car by another is allowed only if it breaks down.

At rest stops, the formation of the column is not disrupted. Cars stop on the right side of the road no closer than 10 m from one another.

Personnel disembark only at the command of the senior column and only on the right side of the road.

The formation of the column should ensure the timely deployment and entry of forces to accomplish the assigned tasks. Therefore, rescue teams (groups) march in a column in a single formation and with dedicated forces and reinforcement means.

The marching order of formation consists of a column of main forces, reconnaissance and movement support agencies.

Reconnaissance is sent ahead along the route. Its task is to reconnaissance the route of movement, as well as clarify data about the situation in the emergency zone before the approach of the main forces. To ensure the unimpeded movement of the main forces, a movement support detachment (group) can be created. Its task is to arrange bypasses through obstacles (destructions, rubble, water barriers, etc.). The OOD includes engineering units with the necessary equipment.

The head of the emergency response work follows at the head of the column of the main forces. He controls the column, monitors the maintenance of the established order and speed of movement.

Control and communication on the march are provided by radio, mobile and signal means. An observer is assigned to each machine to monitor the signals.

If there are sufficient forces along the route of movement of the RSChS formation, a commandant service is organized. To ensure the organized and unhindered movement of the formation into the emergency zone, the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia may be involved to accompany it.

One of the conditions for the constant readiness of the RSChS forces to take action to eliminate emergencies is their readiness to march over various distances. This requires the authorities to skillfully organize the march, and the personnel to have high marching skills.

Features of organizing the collection

In the event of an emergency in the service area of ​​a specialized unit, the following actions are taken:

1. READINESS No. 1 is declared in full force.
2. A march is being made to the emergency zone.
3. Forces and assets are being deployed in the emergency zone.
4. Autonomous functioning of the unit in the emergency zone is organized.

Readiness No. 1 - the state of the SibRC, the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Irkutsk Region, the Federal Border Guard Units, the GIMS units in which, with the occurrence (threat of occurrence) of an emergency, they are brought into readiness for use in peacetime states.

Alerting No. 1 is carried out in any mode of operation of the unified state system for the prevention and liquidation of emergency situations (hereinafter referred to as RSChS) according to two options according to the calculation of forces and means:

a) forces of constant readiness are brought into readiness, intended for rapid response (duty guard forces, shifts);

b) the full composition of the forces of the FPS units is put on alert according to the calculation of the forces and means of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia when No. 1 is put on alert (two guards move to the place of emergency liquidation (exercises) according to the departure area of ​​the unit of the State Institution “8th OFPS in the Irkutsk Region", two remain at the place of deployment and switch to a two-shift duty regime ).

When alerting No. 1, the following activities are performed:

a) notification and collection are carried out, according to the payroll of the OFPS unit, management and personnel of the OFPS unit (employees, workers), while personnel are not recalled from business trips and vacations;

b) the activities of the action plans by the OPPS unit and interaction with the territorial subsystems of the RSChS (at sites - with the life support services of the enterprise) are clarified, and data on the situation in the emergency area is continuously collected and assessed;

c) the tasks of the unit are clarified, the orders necessary to prepare for the fulfillment of the tasks as intended are given;

d) if necessary, the management staff of the OFPS unit is transferred to round-the-clock duty in the prescribed manner;

e) preparations are carried out for forces and means brought to readiness for deployment to the emergency area;

f) the main, special and auxiliary fire equipment, fire-technical weapons, equipment and gear for carrying out emergency rescue operations are prepared for exit and use;

h) the list of personnel on duty guards remaining to serve in the unit at the place of permanent deployment is specified;

i) interaction is organized in the prescribed manner with the territorial subsystems of the RSChS (at facilities - with the life support services of the enterprise), bodies of interested federal executive authorities, and local government bodies.

When the unit receives a signal (order, instruction) to alert No. 1, the following actions are carried out:

1. Upon receipt of an order, order (signal) to alert unit No. 1, the duty dispatcher (radio telephone operator) by phone within 5 minutes:

– makes sure of the reliability of the received instruction, order (signal) by contacting the sender by phone and receiving his confirmation;

– reports to the leadership of the unit (the head of the detachment, the head of the emergency response, their deputies) on the content of the order (signal), the time of its receipt and delivery, and if there is information about the emergency, its place, time and date of occurrence, nature and consequences;

– conveys the order, order (signal) to the units (in the detachment structure) and makes sure that the order (order, signal) has been received.

1. The duty dispatcher (radio telephone operator) by telephone or mobile communication in order to gather the management and personnel of the unit, alerts them according to the lists.
2. The management of the unit clarifies the activities of the unit's action plans and interaction with the territorial subsystems of the RSChS (at the facilities - with the life support services of the enterprise).

The dispatcher on duty (radio telephone operator) continuously collects the situation in the emergency area, which is provided for assessment and analysis of the data to the management of the unit, with a subsequent report to the head of the OFPS, the operational duty officer of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Irkutsk Region.

The tasks of the unit are clarified, the orders necessary to prepare for the fulfillment of the tasks as intended are given.

1. If necessary, the management team of the unit is transferred to round-the-clock duty in accordance with the established procedure.
2. Prepared forces and assets are being prepared for deployment to the emergency area.
3. Reserve fire equipment (main, special and auxiliary), fire-technical weapons, equipment and equipment for carrying out emergency rescue operations are prepared for release and use.
4. Equipment and equipment necessary to perform the intended tasks are loaded onto vehicles.
5. The list of personnel on duty guards remaining to serve in the unit at the place of permanent deployment is being clarified.
6. Interaction with the territorial subsystems of the RSChS (at the facilities - with the life support services of the enterprise), and local government bodies is organized in the prescribed manner.
7. Mutual information is provided on decisions made and the implementation of interaction plans and a report is submitted to a higher management body. Reports are submitted: to the emergency response commission, based on the orders received; to higher management bodies in accordance with the established procedure; in the event of a sudden change in the situation or an urgent need to attract additional forces and resources - immediately.

March to the emergency zone

The movement of firefighters and special vehicles can be carried out along roads, railways, waterways (and in winter on ice) and, in some cases, by air. Movement can also be carried out in a combined way. The most widespread method of movement is in convoys along roads.

On the eve of the trip, it is necessary to carry out maintenance of vehicles, check the fastening of off-road vehicles and securing cargo, take spare barrels and containers with fuels and lubricants and spare parts kits for the trip. At this time, the personnel are replenishing the fire-fighting equipment, preparing a supply of fire hoses, a foam concentrate, and personal protective equipment for shipment. For these purposes, an action plan is drawn up for the period of preparatory work.

March to the emergency zone.

The march begins with setting a task for the personnel. In addition, senior cars and drivers receive instructions during which they are told:

– route of movement

Rest places

– fuel and lubricant refueling points and technical assistance

– movement speed

– a way to keep in touch

– time of passage of populated areas

– time of arrival at destination

– safety precautions when driving.

Departure and travel of a specialized unit to the place of call (fire, accident) includes the collection of personnel at the readiness signal No. 1 and their delivery in fire trucks and other mobile fire fighting equipment to the place of call.

Departure and travel to the place of call (fire) must be carried out in the shortest possible time, which is achieved thanks to:

– rapid assembly and departure of personnel of a specialized unit (within 2 hours after receiving the readiness signal No. 1);

– the movement of fire trucks in a convoy along the shortest route at the maximum possible speed that ensures safety, including the use of special signals and deviations, if necessary and in the prescribed manner, from traffic rules;

– knowledge of the characteristics of the departure area.

To reduce the time it takes fire trucks to travel to the site of a fire, road traffic may be blocked along their routes in necessary cases and in accordance with the established procedure.

The route to the place of call can be suspended only by order of the garrison duty dispatcher. If there is a forced stop along the route of the lead fire truck, the vehicles following it stop and further movement continues only on the instructions of the head of the specialized unit.

If the second or following fire trucks are forced to stop, the rest, without stopping, continue to move to the place of call. The senior chief in a fire truck that has stopped moving immediately reports the incident to the dispatcher on duty.

When a specialized unit travels to the place of call by rail, water or air transport, the head of the specialized unit along the route is obliged to:

– ensure the safety of fire fighting equipment and equipment;

– organize accommodation, meals and rest for personnel.

The order of formation of forces and departure to the place of emergency.

The order of formation of forces of a specialized unit is determined in one echelon.

The order of departure of a specialized unit when unit No. 1 is brought to full readiness is determined as part of the regular structure (the time for placing reserve fire equipment in the combat crew is 2 hours).

The arrival time of the reserve shift is no more than 1 hour.

Ready time to go to the emergency area is no more than 2 hours.

The arrival time for personnel living in remote areas is no more than 2 hours.

The composition of reserve shifts is determined in accordance with the staffing schedule.

The general management of actions during emergency response and fire extinguishing is carried out by the head of the specialized unit.

A specialized unit moves to the emergency site as part of a column. The composition and order of the column is determined by order of the head of the specialized unit in accordance with the assigned task.

To prevent the formation of gaps between cars, heavier cars are placed in the head section.

The leader of the column follows at the head of the column. The most experienced driver who knows the route well is assigned to drive the lead vehicle.

Columns march over long distances (250-300 km) at a speed of 30-40 km/h. The distance, depending on road conditions, is set from 25 to 60 m.

Stopping on your own, as well as leaving the convoy while driving, is not allowed. In the event of a forced stop, it is necessary to report by radio to the column leader and independently take measures to eliminate the malfunction. Columns usually include technical assistance vehicles that follow at the rear of the column.

When making a march over a distance of more than 200 km, in order to maintain the combat readiness of personnel, rest drivers, check the technical condition of vehicles, and pull up lagging vehicles, short rests of 20-30 minutes are prescribed every 2-3 hours of continuous movement. The first small rest usually occurs after 1 hour of movement. When moving to a distance requiring more than 7-8 hours of travel, a long rest of 2-3 hours is prescribed. During this halt, drivers and personnel eat, rest, organize refueling and inspect vehicles.

Tankers must be filled with water when moving.

When continuous fires are detected in populated areas through which the route passes, units take measures to extinguish fires along the routes of movement.

Location of the unit at the temporary location

State Fire Service personnel often have to find themselves in difficult conditions of fighting fires, when their elimination requires additional time, estimated at several days. These can be fires of peat, peat fields, forests, gas and oil fountains and gas and oil fields, as well as participation in the elimination of natural disasters.

The resettlement of personnel in one place and at a short distance from the direct objects of work, taking into account the organization of service and the deployment of equipment, in most cases is not possible due to the lack of buildings and structures at the site of fires or natural disasters. Therefore, measures have to be taken to set up tent cities. For this purpose, it is planned to provide the units with tents, the most common type of which are the USB-56 tents.

When setting up tent cities, a residential zone, a sanitary and hygienic zone, a food block, and a parking and equipment repair zone are distinguished.

An internal squad is assigned to guard the camp.

For the autonomous functioning of a specialized part, an AMN vehicle (multi-purpose vehicle) is designed.

The AMS kit includes:

– gasoline electric generator;

- tent;

- sleeping bags;

- rubber boots;

– gas stove with cylinders;

– canisters;

- entrenching tool.

All personnel of the specialized unit have “alarm suitcases” - a set of things and products that ensure autonomous functioning for three days.

– The kit includes:

– Map of the area;

– Commander’s line;

– Compass;

– Flashlight, candle with matches;

– Notepad or notebook;

– Envelopes;

– Penknife;

– Set of underwear;

– Handkerchiefs, socks;

– Threads, needles;

– Food: noodles b/p-10;

– Stew, tea, sugar, crackers;

- Cutlery;

- Toiletries.

For the autonomous functioning of a specialized unit for more than three days, an uninterrupted supply of food, fuel and lubricants and other necessary means to perform tasks in the emergency zone is organized.

A system for training commanders, staffs and personnel of units, units and formations in organizing and performing a march. In the Strategic Missile Forces, it is organized and carried out during combat training in missile regiments (RP), units and divisions of the rear [logistics bases (LSB), separate maintenance and repair groups (ORG), etc.] and special troops [technical missile bases (TRB) , repair and technical bases (RTB), communications regulations bases (BRSS), etc.] and formation headquarters.

M.p. commanders and staff officers includes: the study of guidance documents on the organization and execution of the march, the marching capabilities of the troops; training in studying the received task, assessing the situation and making decisions on the march, planning the march, communicating tasks to the troops, organizing interaction; moral and psychological preparation of personnel for the march, comprehensive support and control of troops during preparation and during the march, etc. Training in the organization of the march is carried out in the system of commander training, at staff training, command post and tactical exercises, etc.

M.p. personnel of units (units and formations) is to acquire knowledge, skills and abilities to perform their tasks during preparation and during the march and includes: training in loading (landing) on ​​combat [autonomous launchers (APU), etc.] or transport [combat vehicles of duty forces (CMDS)] vehicles (units) and unloading (dismounting) from them; practicing the order of movement and march discipline, safety measures in motion, conducting surveillance and transmitting commands (signals); actions when deploying units (vehicles) to field combat starting positions (BSP) or (field positions (PP), training field combat starting positions (UPBSP), etc.) and bringing them into readiness to perform tasks as intended; actions during an attack by an air and ground enemy, terrorist and extremist groups (formations); actions when overcoming contamination zones, areas of destruction and fires, various obstacles, minefields and water barriers, as well as as part of security, reconnaissance, etc.

A special place in M.p. formations and military units of the Strategic Missile Forces are training mechanics-drivers of multi-axle units. It consists of technical training, driving and tactical training. In technical training classes, they study the material part of the machines, the procedure for preparing them for movement, starting the engine, warming it up for operation in operating modes, refueling with fuel and oil, and coolant; the procedure for deploying (collapsing) units into a combat (traveling) position; rules for using various control devices; safety measures when operating vehicles, the procedure for conducting control inspections, identifying and eliminating malfunctions, etc. During driving lessons, in accordance with the requirements of the driving course and combat training programs, tasks and standards are worked out, designed to acquire driving skills in various conditions: the basics and rules of the road cars, overcoming difficult obstacles, driving with night vision devices, loading onto and unloading transport vehicles, pulling out and towing cars, meeting technical training standards. Practical driving skills are improved during tactical training and exercises, shooting and other events related to the operation of combat vehicles, during which mechanic-drivers of the SPU rp are trained in actions when performing a combat mission by rp (rdn, gpp) personnel during a march.

The Strategic Missile Forces are characterized by significant initial training of driver mechanics of multi-axle units based on the MAZ chassis in training centers. With newly appointed drivers, after training (practicing the driving course exercises), 100 and 500 km are carried out in driving single cars as part of units. marches. In tactical (tactical-special) training classes, driver mechanics (drivers) improve the skills of driving vehicles in a convoy, maintaining a distance and a given speed, passing populated areas, bridges, gorges and other bottlenecks, overcoming various obstacles and minefields, deployment from the column into pre-battle and combat formation, actions at rest stops, forced stops, during an attack by enemy air and sabotage groups, etc. An important condition for high M.p. troops is to improve the qualifications of driver mechanics (drivers), so for mechanics driving automatic launch vehicles and other multi-axle units based on the MAZ chassis, categorization has been introduced (categories 1-5). (See picture).

Significant place in M.p. is allocated to training with formations (combat readiness restoration detachment, emergency detachment, etc.) assigned from special troops and rear services when the latter are withdrawn to designated (field) areas. During the training of these mobile formations, the skills of personnel in coordinated actions while moving to solve tactical, fire and special tasks are improved, as well as their readiness to carry out tasks as intended within the boundaries of the formation’s positional area.

The first step in coordinating units is tactical drills. They practice techniques for performing techniques and methods of action in various marching conditions, and commanders and staffs acquire practical skills in managing subordinate units. The main and most effective form of M.p. are tactical exercises and maneuvers, at which all issues of preparation and execution of the march are resolved comprehensively.

During M.p. training is carried out for support units, primarily those allocated for commandant service.

An indicator of high M.p. units and subunits of the Strategic Missile Forces formations is the arrival of marching formations, subunits, units in the designated area on time, in full force and readiness for the immediate execution of a combat mission.

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Topic No. 7: "Movement and location of units and units"

Lesson No. 1: “Basics of marching by a motorized rifle unit (unit)”

1. Methods of troop movement, march, conditions for marching

2. Requirements for the march

3. Marching capabilities, marching order

4. Marching order of a motorized rifle (tank) battalion on the march

5. Marching order of SMEs (tp) on the march, marching security

1. Methods of troop movement, march, conditions for marching

March -- organized movement of troops in columns along roads and column routes in order to arrive at a designated area or at a specified line at a specified time, in full force and in readiness to carry out a combat mission.

It represents the movement of troops in columns under their own power - on standard equipment (tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, cars) or on foot (in winter - on skis) along roads and column tracks.

Methods of troop movement :

1. Moving on your own ;

2. Transportation on heavy road trains is a new way of moving troops. In this way, those units that are armed with heavy armored, engineering and other equipment with a small range and low speed are transported on heavy-duty trailers, or trailers. As the technical equipment of troops increases, transportation on heavy road trains is finding wider use, especially when moving troops at a considerable distance from the line of combat contact of the parties;

3. Transportation by rail , it allows you to preserve the strength of personnel, protect weapons and equipment from wear, save motor resources and fuel; ensures high speed of movement of troops regardless of the time of year and the physical condition of the personnel at the beginning of the movement; transportation speed is practically independent of meteorological conditions;

Transportation of troops by rail

4. Transportation by water (sea, river) transport, allows you to preserve the strength of personnel and equipment from wear and tear, save motor resources and move troops at a speed no less than -- 25--30 km/h, giving a greater effect the greater the distance over which the transportation is carried out;

5. Transportation by air less susceptible to the effects of weapons of mass destruction than railway and water transport, it ensures the rapid transfer of troops over considerable distances, in any direction and to areas practically inaccessible to other modes of transport, through extensive zones of infection, areas of destruction, fires and floods;

6. Combined movement.

When performing a march, tanks, self-propelled artillery and other tracked vehicles, as well as weapons and military equipment with a short range and low speeds, can be transported by tractor-trailers with cargo semi-trailers (trailers).

Combined movement represents This is a movement of troops from one area to another or to a specified line, in which different methods of movement are combined. In some cases, troops can use different methods of movement simultaneously, in others - methods of movement alternate, successively change. In this case, all or only certain types of transport can be used.

With the combined movement of troops, the positive aspects of each type of transport are used to the maximum. However, if different modes of movement are combined, the organizational integrity of military formations is violated, and this complicates their comprehensive support, management and maintenance of constant combat readiness. When alternating modes of movement, the combat effectiveness of troops can be negatively affected by repeated loading and unloading of them from different vehicles.

Combined troop movement

Conditions for the march.

The march may take place in anticipation of entering into battle or out of danger of collision with the enemy. The march is carried out secretly, as a rule, at night or in other conditions of limited visibility, and during combat operations and deep in the rear of friendly troops - during the day.

The beginning of the march The moment of passage of the initial line by the head of the column of the main forces is considered. The march ends with the arrival of troops V designated area or with their access to the specified line. The march may end before reaching the intended goal if the need arises to defeat a large enemy group that has entered the path of the troops.

The march can be made to the front, along the front, from the front to the rear .

March in anticipation of entry into the battle takes place near the line of combat contact between the parties and is usually limited to a daily march. Only in individual cases, as a rule, when troops are regrouping or maneuvering along the front, can such a march be longer than a daily march. It is performed with one, less often with two halts, and at a shallow depth without a halt. After the march, the troops will concentrate in a designated area or deploy at a specified line to go on the offensive, engage in a counter battle, or take up defense.

When making a march out of danger of collisionWithenemy combat with a ground enemy is excluded, but troops must be constantly prepared to conduct an intense fight against his air attack weapons. Such a march is carried out mainly in the deep rear of one’s troops, usually lasts several days, but is sometimes limited to a daily march. Having completed the march, the troops concentrate in a designated area or deploy to a specified line in order to prepare for battle in advance.

The movement of troops under their own power over a distance of more than one daily march is marching over a long distance .

March depth over long distances can be several hundred or even thousands of kilometers. The march is made with two or three rests on each daily march, a day or night rest at the end of the daily march, and, if necessary, a daily rest after several marches. When moving from the depths of the country to a combat area, troops can move most of the time without the threat of a collision with the enemy, and on the last day's march - in anticipation of entering into battle.

In modern conditions, such a march for various purposes is becoming widespread, especially due to the sharp increase in the spatial scope and dynamism of combat operations, as well as due to the increasing capabilities of the enemy to disrupt the transportation of troops by rail and water transport.

During the movement, troops can be exposed to tactical, and as they approach the front, army aviation. Enemy fighter-bombers, even in difficult weather conditions, are capable of bombing moving troops, using missiles, cannons, and incendiary weapons. Combat helicopters, using ATGMs, NURs, incendiary mixtures and mines, can strike convoys and vehicles with troops, mine terrain and water areas, and land reconnaissance and combat units on the path of troops. This requires reliable protection of troops from enemy air strikes, strict adherence to camouflage and discipline during the march and transport.

Railway stations, ports, piers, airfields, road structures, as well as troops on the move and during transportation may be subject to enemy nuclear and chemical attacks, suffer losses, certain sections of traffic routes and railways, bridges and tunnels may be destroyed, and large areas may be formed. radioactive and areas of chemical contamination, fires and flood zones. This will cause a temporary stop of the troops marching; it will take time to restore their combat effectiveness and prepare passages through obstacles and destruction. Troops will be forced to wait for high levels of radiation to subside or, having unloaded in unprepared places, walk around a destroyed or heavily contaminated area on their own, and then load onto vehicles. Therefore, troops must be in constant readiness to eliminate the consequences of nuclear and chemical strikes, and movement must be comprehensively ensured: in addition to the main ones, alternate and side-by-side movement routes have been selected and prepared, and the nature of the troops’ actions in the event of a sudden interruption or cessation of movement has been provided in advance.

2. Requirements for the march

Average speed of units on the march is determined by the ratio of the traveled (planned) path (daily travel distance) to the total time of movement, excluding time for rests. It must correspond to road conditions, capabilities and technical condition of weapons and military equipment. The march is carried out at the maximum possible speed under the given conditions.

Movement can be carried out towards the front, along the front or from the front to the rear. Regardless of the method and conditions of movement, troops must carry out it in an organized manner, with secrecy, at a high pace and in a short time, arrive in designated areas (at specified lines) on time, in full force and in readiness to immediately carry out combat missions.

Distances between units and vehicles in a column can be 25--50 m. (less than 300 m), 100-150 m.

For timely and organized start and execution of the march the battalion assigned to the forward detachment is indicated the direction of action, the starting point and the time of its passage; a battalion operating in the vanguard or following as part of a column of the main forces of a brigade (regiment), as well as a company allocated to a marching outpost or following as part of the main forces of a battalion:

Route of movement;

Starting point;

Regulation points on it and the time of their passage;

Places and times of halts;

Places for day (night) rest;

Line of probable meeting with the enemy (if necessary).

Routes are chosen so that, if possible, they do not pass through large populated areas, road junctions, gorges and near railway stations, ports, airports. In the interests of protecting troops from enemy high-precision weapons, routes can be chosen along surviving power lines, through forests, along folds of terrain, but at the same time, measures for protection against weapons of mass destruction must be provided. The average speed of movement is determined based on the size of the daily transition and the time spent directly on movement.

Traffic routes must be chosen in areas of terrain hidden from enemy observation, to ensure covert deployment and movement of troops using the camouflage properties of the terrain and natural shelters. The procedure for using optical, radar and light camouflage means during the march is established in advance, and at the borders of a possible meeting with the enemy - smoke means. Before the start of the march, it is necessary to check the state of camouflage of units and units and, before the columns reach the starting line, eliminate unmasking signs.

The starting point (point) is assigned to ensure the timely start of the march. It is selected or specified by the commander at such a distance from the location area that ensures that the battalion column is pulled out and the speed established for movement is achieved. At night, the starting line can be indicated by light landmarks that are invisible to the enemy.

Regulation boundaries (points) are assigned to achieve orderly movement of troops and regulate the speed of movement of columns. They are usually selected every 3--4 hours of movement, taking into account the location of the areas of halts and rest of the main forces. The commander outlines the starting line and control lines based on clearly visible local objects, but outside such objects that can serve the enemy as reference points for strikes with nuclear, chemical, precision weapons or aviation against moving troops.

Rest areas (rest areas) are assigned for meals and rest of personnel, maintenance, repair of weapons and military equipment, refueling of vehicles, replenishment of missiles, ammunition and other materiel. At the end of each daily march, a day (night) rest is assigned. Halts are appointed through 3--4 hours movements duration up to 1 hour, in the second half of the daily journey - one stop lasting up to 2 hours

Lines, upon overcoming which units can enter into battle , as a rule, there will be water obstacles, lines of possible meeting with the enemy, mountain, lake, forest defiles and other narrownesses in the troop movement zone. The time for solving problems for which interaction is organized is determined by the commander, taking into account the start time of the march, the distance of these lines from the starting line and the planned speed of movement of the troops. movement army railway tank

The ability of troops to march while maintaining a high degree of combat readiness is judged by their marching capabilities -- average speed of movement and amount of daily travel.

Now the troops are fully motorized and mechanized, equipped with more advanced armored and automotive equipment. The level of technical reliability of the vehicles has increased significantly, their speed and maneuverability have increased, and the range without refueling has increased. They are able to overcome water obstacles, radioactive contamination zones, minefields, have effective night driving devices and reliable blackout devices. All this, combined with an increase in the marching training of troops, contributes to the growth of the marching capabilities of subunits and units, allows them to move at night at approximately the same speed as during the day, and makes the previous division of marches into normal and forced unnecessary. Troops are capable of moving under their own power over considerable distances, in any terrain, weather and time of day conditions.

The average speed of troop movement depends on the degree of enemy influence, the skill of driving columns by commanders, the level of training of drivers, the technical condition of vehicles, the composition of columns, the condition of routes, weather and other factors. When a unit performs an independent task, the speed of movement will be higher than when it moves as part of a unit. In the event of a nuclear and chemical attack, air strikes, the massive use of high-precision weapons by the enemy, the presence of destruction along the routes, difficult areas, crossings, or in unfavorable road and weather conditions, the speed of troop movement is reduced, sometimes quite significantly. Columns of wheeled vehicles move at higher speeds than tank or mixed columns.

In all cases, troops must march at the highest possible speed under the given conditions, especially quickly covering visible sections of routes in order to protect against enemy precision weapons.

3. Marching capabilities, marching order

Average driving speed is calculated without taking into account when it occurs - day or night, and also without taking into account the time for rest. Since troops move at different speeds on different sections of the route, unit commanders and commandant service personnel must know the boundaries of the sections within which one or another speed is maintained.

The daily transition even in modern conditions will have a different value. It depends on the task being performed, the average speed and duration of movement of the columns during the day. The duration of the movement is determined mainly by the moral and physical capabilities of the vehicle drivers, their ability to withstand the high stress of the march while maintaining combat effectiveness. Indeed, during a daily journey, driver mechanics, for example, only have to move the control levers of gears and turning mechanisms at least 5000-6000 times; the daily total expenditure of effort by the driver is 150-200 tons.

Thanks to the growth of marching capabilities, modern units and units are able to move under their own power over any distances that are required in a combat situation, maintaining full combat readiness, and immediately from the march or after a short preparation begin performing combat missions.

4. Marching order of a motorized rifle (tank) battalion on the march

Marching order, in which the troops march, represents formation of forces and means, specially created for movement in columns and determined by the task at hand, the plan for upcoming actions, the number of routes and other conditions of the situation. Different requirements are imposed on the marching order of troops when marching in anticipation of entering into battle and when marching without the threat of a collision with the enemy.

The marching order of troops when marching in anticipation of entering into battle should ensure

The marching order of troops consists of columns, the number of which depends mainly on the scale of the military formation and the number of routes. The unit marches in one column. A battalion assigned to the forward detachment, vanguard, or following a separate route moves forward with a column of main forces and a marching guard.

The marching order of a unit or formation may include forward detachment, marching guard, movement support detachment, columns of the main forces and columns of technical support and rear units.

it is built taking into account ease of movement, achieving high speeds, the least strain on personnel and preserving weapons and equipment. Therefore, in this case, the advance detachment is not sent, the composition and removal of marching guards from the front may be smaller, and guards on the flanks and rear, in favorable conditions, may not be sent at all. The main forces are moved by a smaller number of columns, which therefore have greater depth. Units on tracked vehicles can be united in common columns and move along a separate route or behind units on wheeled vehicles. Movement support detachments are deployed in advance, and some of the rear units are sent in advance to areas of halts and day (night, daily) rest.

In marching order depending on the scale of the military formation, up to five different elements can be created. Forces and assets are distributed among the columns in such a way as to ensure the tactical independence of each column, the possibility of their rapid deployment and entry into battle, reliable cover of the columns from enemy air strikes, and the ability to maneuver forces and assets along the front and from the depths.

Vanguard sent to forestall the enemy in capturing an advantageous position and holding it until the main forces arrive; he is also entrusted with the task of conducting reconnaissance. The advance detachment is sent several hours before the start of the advance of the main forces in such a way that its removal provides the commander with time to organize the battle and conduct maneuvers with forces and means; this takes into account the ability of the advanced detachment to independently, without the support of the main forces, fight with superior enemy forces.

Marching guard organized from the front, threatened flanks and rear. From the front, troops are protected by vanguards, head marching outposts, head patrols and patrol squads (tanks). Vanguards are sent as part of a reinforced battalion to a distance that provides the commander with time to make decisions and communicate tasks to the troops, and for the main forces to maneuver and deploy for battle. Head marching outpost is sent as part of a reinforced company, the head patrol is sent as a platoon, the patrol squad (tank) is sent to remove visual communication. They are sent to the threatened flanks side marching outposts , and in particularly dangerous areas they are deployed or landed from helicopters fixed side gates , holding advantageous positions until the passage of guarded columns. Rear protection is provided rear marching outposts 5 km.

Traffic support units from units of the engineering troops are sent to each route to directly ensure the movement of troops along roads and column routes. It is advisable to include motorized rifle or tank units in their composition. In order to have more time to prepare movement routes, movement support detachments usually begin to move out from the area where the troops are located behind the main marching outpost.

Main forces the commander plans to lead in one or several columns, divided along the front and depth. When dividing the columns along the front, the commander, when choosing routes, proceeds from the fact that a distance must be maintained between adjacent, parallel-moving columns throughout the entire march, excluding their simultaneous destruction by a nuclear strike. A distance is established between successive battalion columns to prevent their simultaneous failure in the event of an explosion of a medium-yield nuclear weapon.

At determining the distances between columns the commander proceeds from the specific conditions of troop movement, taking into account the power of nuclear munitions used by the enemy, the nature of the terrain, weather and the degree to which standard vehicles weaken the impact on personnel of the damaging factors of a nuclear explosion. Distances between cars are set equal 25--50 m. The commander usually advances tanks and infantry fighting vehicles at the head of the column, artillery - closer to the head, distributes anti-aircraft weapons throughout the entire depth of the column, part of the artillery can be advanced between the main forces and marching guards, and anti-tank weapons and engineering units intended for installation mine-explosive barriers - in front of the main forces.

Depending on the conditions of the situation, the commander may provide movement of technical support and logistics units directly behind combat units or independent columns behind the main forces at a distance of several kilometers. In this case, part of the medical and repair units, as well as part of the transport with fuel and ammunition, can follow in the columns of the main forces.

For vehicle convoys at medium speed 30--40 km/h and duration of movement 10--12 hours per day daily value the transition can reach several hundred kilometers. In unfavorable weather conditions, the daily transition will be less.

The remaining 12-14 hours are spent on servicing weapons and equipment, resting personnel, eating, pulling columns out of the location area, placing and camouflaging vehicles in the day (night, daily) rest area or in the designated concentration area. Moreover, drivers need 5-6 hours to rest, otherwise they may violate traffic safety requirements while driving.

In modern conditions Due to the constant threat of the enemy using weapons of mass destruction and precision weapons, it becomes necessary to distribute officers, communications equipment and transport across several simultaneously operating control points. It is planned to move control points along different routes at the head of columns of the main forces, technical support and rear units. The procedure for restoring disrupted command and control of troops is determined in advance. The procedure for maintaining communications on the march by mobile and signaling means, using radio, radio relay and wire communications during movement and in a collision with the enemy is established. Measures are being developed to ensure stable communications in conditions of electronic suppression and the use of nuclear, chemical and high-precision weapons by the enemy.

Columns of units are formed in the location area and pull out to the starting line in such a way that the lead vehicles pass it exactly at the appointed time, maintaining a given speed. The column of each subsequent unit heads past the starting line at the moment when the tail of the column in front moves away from it at a set distance. The timeliness of the start of the march is controlled by the commander and headquarters officers.

5. Marching order of SMEs (tp) on the march, marching security

Milestones, places of halts and rest during the march.

During the march they must strictly observe the speed of movement, distances, safety measures, camouflage, and the established time for passing regulatory boundaries. With the onset of darkness, special attention is paid to maintaining blackout. Vehicles in convoys move using night vision devices or blackout devices, and on a bright night - with the lights completely turned off (night vision devices turned off).

For column movement Only the right side of the road is used, the left is left free for oncoming traffic and overtaking columns, which is carried out only with the permission of the senior commander. The overtaken convoy temporarily stops moving, stopping on the right side of the road. When driving at increased speed, on dusty roads, in icy conditions, on roads with steep ascents, descents and turns, the distances between cars increase.

Troops pass through populated areas, crossings, passes and gorges non-stop, at the highest possible speed, showing increased vigilance; armored vehicles move with their hatches closed. When driving on bridges and railway crossings, measures are taken to ensure traffic safety, and when passing through tunnels, measures are taken to prevent them from being heavily polluted. If troops are delayed in a narrow or difficult part of the route, subsequent columns stop in advance in a sheltered area; measures are immediately taken to eliminate the resulting congestion. During a long march, drivers and driver mechanics are temporarily replaced.

You can't stop for a break in a populated area; the stop should be made in areas with open approaches. The lead vehicles of all battalion columns stop simultaneously. Pull one battalion column to another, disrupting the formation of columns of units and formations, or shorten the distances established for the march between battalion and regimental columns, unless this is forced by considerations of the convenience of stopping the column (a bridge, a steep descent or ascent, etc.), do not allowed. Cars stop on the right side of the road at established distances, no closer than 10 m from one another, so that a fueling, repair, oncoming or overtaking vehicle can stand between them.

The personnel disembark from their vehicles and settle down to rest to the right of the road. Observers, duty crews of anti-aircraft weapons and radio operators remain in the vehicles. In the interests of protection against nuclear and precision weapons, the protective and camouflage properties of the terrain are used to the maximum; If there is time, the simplest shelters for weapons and military equipment are prepared. At rest stops, control inspections of weapons, combat and other equipment and maintenance are carried out. At a halt lasting up to 2 hours personnel are usually given hot food. At the end of the halt, all cars simultaneously resume movement, gradually increasing speed and distance.

At the end of the day's journey troops stop at the appointed time day (night) rest , and after several transitions (if necessary) - to daily rest . The length of stay of troops in the rest area depends on the situation. Troops leave the roads, disperse and covertly position themselves, taking into account the requirements of protection from weapons of mass destruction, precision weapons and in such an order that ensures the maintenance of combat readiness and the rapid extension of columns to continue moving. Rest and food for personnel, maintenance and repair of damaged vehicles are organized, the necessary reorganization of columns is carried out, and simple shelters are prepared for personnel and military equipment. Anti-aircraft weapons are deployed in positions. IN Direct security is organized for each unit, the marching security of the troops becomes a sentry guard or is replaced by a newly appointed sentry guard .

During the march, combat support is constantly provided . Reconnaissance of the enemy and the terrain is continuously carried out, its tasks are carried out by reconnaissance detachments, individual reconnaissance, combat reconnaissance and reconnaissance (including officer) patrols, patrol squads (tanks), observers, engineering and chemical reconnaissance patrols, artillery reconnaissance units and other reconnaissance bodies. In accordance with the current situation, the tasks of protection from weapons of mass destruction and chemical support are solved, and as the enemy’s high-precision weapons approach the reach line, radar reconnaissance means are brought into readiness to detect air attack weapons, visual surveillance of the air in units is strengthened, and the search for reconnaissance and alarm systems is organized. enemy devices along movement routes and destroying them at installation sites. Areas viewed by enemy radar reconnaissance are traversed at increased speed. The distances between companies are sufficient to exclude the simultaneous failure of two units when the enemy is struck by high-precision weapons, but at the last halt these distances should be reduced in order to ensure the necessary speed of deployment of troops when entering battle from the march.

It is advisable to move around along as many routes as possible, with maximum use of the protective and camouflage properties of the terrain, taking into account the camouflage measures of the senior commander and the implementation of camouflage measures by the forces and means of the units. On false routes prepared according to the plan of the senior commander, demonstrative actions are carried out using roaming mock-ups of military equipment.

On the march troops carry out engineering support and commandant service activities , planned when organizing the march, as well as events the need for which arises as a result of unforeseen changes in the situation. Helicopters are widely used to monitor from the air whether troops are observing march discipline, as well as to guide columns that have lost their orientation onto movement routes, show troops ways to bypass areas of destruction, fires and floods, and take them to new directions due to changing missions.

During the march, troops can be exposed to nuclear and air strikes, precision weapons and incendiary weapons, and the enemy can carry out remote mining of the area in the movement lane. The troops will fight against sabotage and reconnaissance groups, airborne assault forces, and airborne units of the enemy and, even before reaching the designated area or the specified line, will defeat the enemy group that has broken through from the flank or approached from the depths. This will require not only timely implementation of combat support measures and maintaining the combat effectiveness of troops, but also skillful actions to repel enemy attacks.

Air defense of troops during the march carried out taking into account the activities of the senior commander. In all departments, on each vehicle, continuous monitoring of the air is carried out. When an air enemy appears, the troops are immediately notified by an established signal. Upon receipt of the signal, the illuminators of the active (illuminated) night vision devices and all light sources on the vehicles are immediately turned off. Columns tend to continue moving at increased speeds and with increased distances between vehicles. If road structures are severely damaged and it is impossible to bypass the damaged sections, the movement of individual columns stops until the damage is repaired.

Anti-aircraft weapons They destroy the air enemy and shining aerial bombs with fire while moving or from short stops, usually deploying along routes, and after repelling the raid they continue to move. Specially designated units fire at air targets from small arms. Sections of roads destroyed as a result of air strikes are bypassed along alternate or newly explored routes.

When the enemy launches a nuclear or chemical strike, massive use of precision weapons The units and subunits that have retained their combat capability continue to move. In the columns directly affected by the attack, measures are being taken to restore control and combat effectiveness of personnel, eliminate the consequences of an enemy attack, barricade roads or find workarounds, and mark passages and bypass routes at night with luminous signs.

Helicopters are used to identify the state of traffic routes, detect contaminated zones, rubble, areas of destruction, fires and floods, and find directions to overcome or bypass them. Troops bypass areas where nuclear strikes have been carried out or chemical weapons have been used. If it is impossible to bypass the resulting zones of radioactive and chemical contamination, rubble, areas of destruction, fires and flooding, they are overcome without changing the marching order on the move, in directions that ensure the least damage and contamination of personnel and military equipment; overcoming is carried out at maximum speed, at increased distances, using individual and collective protective equipment.

If a senior commander orders a convoy to wait for high radiation levels to subside, the troops will disperse, take cover, and camouflage themselves. Affected personnel are evacuated to the nearest medical institutions, and damaged weapons, military and other equipment that cannot be repaired on their own are transferred to repair and evacuation authorities.

Elimination of the consequences of the enemy's use of weapons of mass destruction must be carried out quickly and not delay the overall movement of troops. Partial special treatment of personnel, weapons and equipment is carried out after leaving the contaminated zone, and in case of contamination with toxic substances - immediately. Full special treatment is carried out, as a rule, in the area of ​​day (night, daily) rest or upon arrival in the designated area.

When the enemy uses incendiary weapons on troops on the march, as well as when they are forced to overcome a fire area on the move measures are taken to ensure the safety of personnel, preserve weapons, military and other equipment, and make maximum use of the protective properties of equipment, as well as personal protective equipment. The columns are quickly removed from the fire area forward or to the windward side and stopped. Fires in weapons and equipment are extinguished, rescue operations are carried out, and first aid is provided to personnel. After this, the columns continue to move, and the wounded and sick are evacuated to the nearest medical institutions or follow with their units.

When sudden remote mining by the enemy of the area in the traffic lane Troops immediately organize reconnaissance of mined areas and, if it is not possible to bypass them and continue moving in a given direction, the necessary forces and means are allocated to make passages in the resulting obstacles and allow military equipment and personnel to pass through them. Passages in minefields along traffic routes are made by traffic support units, clearing groups, and also by tanks equipped with mine trawls. Each such tank clears two ruts along which motorized rifle units cross the minefield on foot. Tanks without trawls, infantry fighting vehicles, tractors and cars overcome minefields through passages at least 6 m wide, made by detonating mines with specially prepared charges, by trawling the minefield with tanks equipped with mine trawls, or manually.

Communications on the march carried out by mobile means, and in departments, in addition, by installed signals. Radio equipment works only for reception. Restrictions on the use of radio equipment are lifted when meeting with the enemy and when repelling enemy air strikes. march combat column

During the march, control over the movement of the column is carried out via the radio network of the commandant's service and by receiving messages at the commandant's (control) posts (points). The battalion commander informs the head of the post (point) the number of his column, information about the state of the section of the route traveled, about the situation on it, about lagging behind and out of order equipment of his unit and other units (units), receives orders and instructions received for him, information about condition of the next section of the route.

The closure can report to the battalion commander about stopped and out of order weapons and military equipment with short conditional messages.

Preparation for a battalion (company) march includes : its organization (decision making, march calculation, setting combat missions, organizing fire, interaction, comprehensive support, control); preparing command, battalion headquarters and units for the march; practical work in departments (monitoring the implementation of assigned tasks and providing assistance) and other activities.

Marching order , in which troops march, is a formation of forces and means specially created for movement in columns and determined by the task at hand, the plan for upcoming actions, the number of routes and other conditions of the situation.

The battalion (company) moves under its own power (march) or transported by rail (water) transport. A motorized rifle battalion (company), in addition, can be transported by air. The main method of movement of a battalion (company) is marching.

Battalion (company) must always be ready to movement over long distances under the threat of the enemy using weapons of mass destruction, precision weapons, remote mining systems, the impact of his aviation, airborne landings, sabotage and reconnaissance groups and irregular armed formations, radioactive, chemical and biological contamination, destruction of roads and crossings, as well as counteraction to the movement by the civilian population.

Battalion (company) usually marches in the column of the main forces of the formation (unit, subdivision). In addition, a battalion on the march can be assigned to a forward detachment or vanguard, and a company to a head, side, lateral fixed or rear marching outpost.

The battalion (company) marches in one column. The distances between units and vehicles in a column can be 25-50 m . When driving in open areas under the threat of the enemy using high-precision weapons, on dusty roads and in other conditions of insufficient visibility (less than 300 m), in icy conditions, on roads with steep climbs, descents and turns, as well as when driving at high speeds, the distances between cars increase and may be 100-150 m.

For the timely and organized start and execution of the march of the battalion assigned to the advance detachment , the direction of action, the starting point and the time of its passage are indicated; battalion acting in the vanguard or following as part of a column of the main forces of a brigade (regiment), as well as a company assigned to a marching outpost or following as part of the main forces of a battalion , - route of movement, starting point, control points on it and the time of their passage, places and times of halts, day (night) rest. If necessary, the line of probable meeting with the enemy is indicated.

Marching order battalion (company) performing march in anticipation of meeting the enemy , is built depending on the task received, the conditions of the situation, the availability of routes, the plan for the upcoming actions, and the battle formation being created. Marching order of troops when marching in anticipation of entering into battle must provide carrying out the march at the appointed time, maintaining the combat effectiveness of troops when the enemy launches nuclear strikes and exposure to chemical and conventional weapons, including high-precision weapons, and quickly deploying them into battle formation.

Marching order for the march out of danger of collision with the enemy it is built taking into account ease of movement, achieving high speed, minimal strain on personnel and preservation of military equipment, as well as protection from weapons of mass destruction, precision weapons and camouflage, from enemy technical reconnaissance equipment. Battalion marching order marching as part of the main forces of a brigade (regiment), includes columns of the main forces, technical support and logistics units.

Marching order of a battalion (company) assigned to a forward detachment or vanguard (march outpost) , is built taking into account the rapid deployment of units into battle formation, their entry into battle and includes: a battalion - marching security, a column of main forces, technical support and logistics units; companies - marching guards and a column of the main forces.

In anticipation of entering into battle, a battalion operating in the forward detachment, vanguard or at the head of a column of the main forces of a brigade (regiment) may send reconnaissance patrol . If a reconnaissance patrol is not sent, then the reconnaissance platoon or unit assigned to operate in the reconnaissance patrol marches at the head of the column of the battalion's main forces, usually behind the command and observation post.

Column of main forces A battalion (company), depending on the conditions of the situation, may have a different formation. A tank unit assigned to a motorized rifle battalion (company) usually follows at the head of the column, and a motorized rifle unit assigned to a tank battalion (company) is distributed among tank companies (platoons) and follows the tanks in their marching formations or is assigned to marching guard; regular and attached artillery, depending on the conditions of the situation, can march at the head of the column of the main forces of the battalion, behind the command and observation post, or follow the combat units of the battalion; The artillery unit assigned to the company is, as a rule, behind the combat units. The grenade launcher platoon usually follows the lead company of the battalion's main forces, and the company's anti-tank squad is at the head of the company column. The battalion's anti-tank unit follows the lead marching outpost or the lead company of the battalion's main forces. Most of the anti-aircraft weapons of an anti-aircraft unit marching in a battalion column follow closer to the head of the column of the main forces, and some of them follow the lead marching outpost.

Technical support and logistics units, as a rule, they follow the column of the main forces of the battalion. Depending on the conditions of the situation and terrain, they can march along a separate route.

By decision of the senior commander, they can be included in the column of technical support and rear units of the brigade (regiment) and join the battalion at rest stops (in recreation areas). Medical platoon

(point) of the battalion usually follows with technical support and logistics units, and in anticipation of entering into battle - with units intended for operations in the first echelon.

The battalion organizes the closure of the column, which includes evacuation and repair equipment, forces and equipment of the medical service, vehicles with fuel and military-technical equipment.

The battalion (company) commander, as a rule, follows at the head of the column, checking the route of movement on the map, controls the actions of the sent reconnaissance patrol, marching guards and supports the established order -

row of march. If there is a threat of an enemy attack from an ambush, the unit commander may be located in the depths of the column.

The deputy battalion commander usually follows with units assigned to operate in the second echelon, or with the leading marching outpost. The deputy battalion commander for logistics, as a rule, manages the movement of technical support and logistics units. The deputy battalion commander for weapons, as a rule, heads the rear of the battalion column. Deputy company commanders for weapons (company technicians) follow as part of the rear of the column or as part of their units.

The marching order of troops consists of columns, the number of which depends mainly on the scale of the military formation and the number of routes. The unit marches in one column. A battalion assigned to the forward detachment, vanguard, or following a separate route advances, having a column of main forces and a marching guard. The marching order of a unit or formation may include a forward detachment, a marching guard, a movement support detachment, columns of the main forces and columns of technical support and rear units.

As forward detachments sent: from a regiment - a reinforced battalion (Appendix No. 1), from a division - a reinforced regiment, and when moving in a wide zone - several reinforced battalions, one from each of the head regiments. From the front, troops are protected by vanguards consisting of a battalion (regiment), head marching outposts, head patrols and patrol squads (tanks), from the threatened flanks - by side detachments and side marching outposts, from the rear - by rear marching outposts. The movement support detachment is sent as part of the engineering troops. The main forces follow in one or more columns, divided in depth into echelons. Units and technical support and rear units move directly behind combat units or independent columns behind the main forces at a distance of several kilometers.

Marching order of troops when marching without the threat of collision with the enemy it is built taking into account ease of movement, achieving high speeds, minimal strain on personnel, and preservation of weapons and equipment. Therefore, in this case, the advance detachment is not sent, the composition and removal of marching guards from the front may be smaller, and guards on the flanks and rear, in favorable conditions, may not be sent at all. The main forces are moved by a smaller number of columns, which therefore have greater depth. Units on tracked vehicles can be united in common columns and move along a separate route or behind units on wheeled vehicles. Traffic support units are advanced in advance, and part of the rear units are sent in advance to areas of halts and day (night, daily) rest. Vanguard sent to forestall the enemy in capturing an advantageous position and holding it until the main forces arrive; he is also entrusted with the task of conducting reconnaissance. The advance detachment is sent several hours before the start of the main forces' advance With in such a way that its removal provides the commander with time to organize the battle and conduct maneuvers with forces and means; this takes into account the ability of the advanced detachment to independently, without the support of the main forces, fight against superior enemy forces.

Marching security is organized front, threatened flanks and rear. From the front, troops are protected by vanguards, head marching outposts, head patrols and patrol squads (tanks). Vanguards are sent as part of a reinforced battalion to a distance that provides the commander with time to make decisions and communicate tasks to the troops, and for the main forces to maneuver and deploy for battle. The leading marching outpost is sent consisting of up to a reinforced company, head watch -- as part of a platoon, a patrol squad (tank) is sent to remove visual communication. Threatened flanks are sent away side marching outposts , and in particularly dangerous areas, fixed side outposts are set up or dropped from helicopters to hold advantageous positions until the guarded columns pass. Rear protection is provided rear marching outposts , which usually includes two or three tanks for towing and protecting lagging vehicles. Side and rear security should be kept at a distance of up to 5 km.

...

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March is the organized movement of units in columns along roads and column routes in order to reach a designated area or a specified line.

The march can be made in anticipation of entering into battle or without the threat of collision with the enemy. In all cases, the commander must ensure that the squad arrives at the designated area or at the specified line in a timely manner in readiness to carry out the combat mission.

In order to carry out an organized march and timely exit to the specified area (line), the following are appointed:

route; starting point; regulation points;

halts and day (night) rest. ..When a unit marches in an infantry fighting vehicle (armored personnel carrier) as part of a common convoy, the average speed of movement can be 25-30 km/h, in cars - 30-40 km/h, and when the unit performs an independent task, it is much higher. When moving on foot, the average speed can be 4-5 km/h, on skis - 5-7 km/h. In mountains, deserts, northern regions, wooded and swampy areas, as well as in winter, muddy roads, fog and other unfavorable conditions, the average speed can be reduced to 20 km/h. In all cases, the march is carried out at the maximum possible speed under the given conditions.

The platoon commander usually gives the combat order to the entire platoon to the entire platoon.

Having received a task for a march, the squad leader checks the personnel's knowledge of the received task, warning signals, control and interaction, the procedure for acting on them, and appoints an observer for the signals given by the platoon commander. In preparation for the march, he is obliged to check the serviceability of the vehicle, weapons, night vision devices, protective and fire extinguishing equipment, means of communication and blackout, the availability of special processing equipment, refueling, the presence and correct stowage of ammunition, entrenching tools, and means of increasing cross-country ability. The squad leader reports to the platoon commander that he is ready to march.

The squad leader controls the squad on the march by voice (via TPU), paying special attention on signals transmitted by the platoon commander and the actions of the driver (driver).

During the march, the driver-mechanic (driver) drives the car only on the right side of the road, observing the established speed, distance and safety measures. When forced to stop, he moves the car to the right side of the road.

52 Chapter II

Well, the roads, reports to the squad commander and eliminates the problem. After eliminating the malfunction, the squad continues to march, joining the passing column. It takes its place in the platoon's marching order on the pier. Overtaking columns in motion prohibited.

At night, the driver-mechanic (driver) drives the car using night vision devices or blackout devices, and in areas of the terrain viewed by the enemy, even on a bright night (with the lights and night vision devices completely turned off).

The squad overcomes passes, gorges, mountain passes and canyons non-stop and at maximum speed.

At rest stops, the driver stops the car on the right side of the road no closer 10 m from the vehicle in front or at a distance set by the platoon commander. At the command of the squad commander, the personnel leave the vehicle and settle down to rest to the right of the road. The observer and the machine gunner on duty remain in the vehicle. The driver-mechanic (driver) carries out a control inspection of the vehicle and, if necessary, together with the soldiers assigned to assist him, eliminates any identified faults.

At the warning signal about an air enemy, the squad continues to move. Hatches in infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), except for hatches from which fire will be fired, are closed. The personnel transfers gas masks to the “ready” position. The fall of an air enemy is reflected at the command of the squad commander. When marching on foot, the squad, at the command of the commander, occupies the nearest shelter and destroys low-flying enemy aircraft and helicopters with concentrated fire.

In the event that the enemy uses incendiary weapons, as well as when forced to overcome a fire zone, hatches, doors, loopholes and shutters of the infantry fighting vehicle (armored personnel carrier) are closed. After leaving the fire, the squad leader organizes extinguishing the fire in the vehicle, rescuing personnel and providing first aid to the victims, after which the squad continues moving.

In the military, a squad may be assigned to a marching guard as a patrol squad. It is sent from the head (side) marching outpost (head patrol) in the direction of movement or from the main forces of the battalion towards the threatened flanks for direct security, as well as for inspection of the area.

During a halt and when the guarded column is located for rest, the patrol squad occupies an advantageous position

Combat training 53

tion and continues to carry out the task, acting as a guard guard.

Voluntary Society for Assistance to the Army, Aviation and Navy of Russia

Regional branch of DOSAAF Russia, Belgorod region

METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

ITEM: DRIVING A VEHICLE.

TOPIC 2: Improving driving skills

in various road conditions.

Task No. 9.2: Driving a car in

composition of the column

Belgorod - 2011

on conducting a special tactical lesson with a march

1.1. General provisions

In modern conditions, march has become the main method of movement and is an integral part of highly maneuverable military operations of troops.

March - this is the organized movement of troops in columns along roads and column routes in order to reach a designated area or a specified line. A march can be carried out in various environmental conditions, which have a direct impact on its organization and implementation. The most important factors determining the conditions for the march are the threat of the enemy using weapons of mass destruction, the impact of his aviation, airborne assault forces and sabotage and reconnaissance groups, radioactive, chemical and bacteriological (biological) contamination, the destruction of roads and crossings.

The march can be made in anticipation of entering into battle or without the threat of collision with the enemy. For the purpose of secrecy of movement, marches, as a rule, are made at night or in other conditions of limited visibility, however, during the battle and in the deep rear of friendly troops, marches can be made during the day. In all cases, the commander must ensure the timely arrival of the unit at the designated area (line) in full combat readiness to carry out the mission.

The main indicators of the march are the average speed of movement and the amount of daily travel. The speed of movement on a march depends on the task, the state of the route, weather, time of year and day, the technical condition of the vehicles, the training of the driver and the marching training of the units, as well as on the organization and support of the march. In all cases, the speeds used must ensure timely completion of the task and, at the same time, traffic safety.

Average speed on field roads on moderately rough terrain maybe 25 – 30 km/h on combat vehicles infantry (armored personnel carriers), on vehicles when moving separately column - 30-40 km/h, while marching on foot -

4-5 km/h, on skis – 5-7 km/h. In mountains, deserts, northern regions and wooded and swampy areas, as well as in winter, the average speed, depending on the conditions, can decrease to 20 km/h.

The average speed of movement when performing a march along a route with the same conditions is determined by dividing the amount of transition by the time allotted for the march minus the time for rests. The places and times of GPZ halts must be indicated by the commander. In practice, the route at different sections will have different conditions for the movement of the column, and, consequently, different permissible speeds.

The average speed of the column is calculated taking into account the permissible speeds in each section.

The amount of daily transition is determined by the average speed and duration of movement of the column. The average working time for drivers is 10-12 hours. It is this duration that is considered to be the estimated time limit for the movement of a column on a march during the day.

The magnitude of the transition is determined when the task is understood and clarified in the process of studying the route. To more accurately determine the size of the transition and the convenience of subsequent use of the map during actions, it is advisable to divide the entire route into segments of 5-10 km.

The total time to complete the march is also determined by understanding the task. The initial data for this are the time of passage of the starting point (beginning of the march) and the time of arrival at the designated area or at the specified point (end of the march). The time difference between the beginning and end of the march will be its duration.

The route of movement is selected taking into account the need for camouflage and movement on roads with the presence of natural masks; If possible, it is necessary to avoid passing it through large populated areas, road junctions, gorges and near railway stations.

The length of the route (the distance of the transition) is the distance in kilometers from the starting point to the point specified by the State Natural Resources Plant as a task. The length is determined from the map using a curvimeter or meter with the introduction of a percentage correction for the route profile. For the timely start of the march, a starting point is assigned. The time the head of the column passes the starting point is considered the beginning of the march.

The distance of the starting point from the location area must be such that the marching column is completely pulled out of the occupied area and can pick up the set speed when approaching the starting point, which it passes non-stop exactly at the appointed time.

To regulate the speed of movement, control points are indicated to units. They are prescribed after 2-3 hours of movement.

In order to check the condition of vehicles, their maintenance, refueling with fuel and lubricants, eating and troubleshooting, and rest for personnel, rest stops and day (night) rest areas are indicated. Halts are prescribed every 2-3 hours of movement for up to 1 hour. In the second half of the daily march, a break of up to 2 hours is prescribed for eating. At rest stops, the formation of the column is not disturbed; they stop on the right side of the road with a distance between vehicles of at least 10 m, so that, if necessary, any vehicle can be removed from the column, as well as placed in the unit’s column. Places for halts and rest areas are selected in areas favorable for camouflage and with sources of water. Typically, resting places are assigned in front of the regulation lines on traffic routes, and the day (night) rest area is located away from them.

The cadets leave the vehicle only at the command of the commanders and are located for rest in the indicated places to the right of the road. Observers and machine gunners on duty remain in the vehicles. Fire weapons assigned to combat enemy air are in readiness to fire. Drivers carry out inspections of their vehicles en route.

On the march, units move in marching formations. The marching order is the formation of the forces and means of units to carry out a march. It must ensure the column moves at a set speed, quickly deploys into pre-battle and combat formations, conducts maneuvers, and maintains firm and continuous control of units. The marching order of a platoon on the march is a column.

The distances between vehicles in a convoy are assigned in the interests of traffic safety and depend on the speed of movement and visibility conditions. In the platoon column they can be 25-50 m. When driving on dusty roads, in icy conditions, on roads with steep climbs, descents and turns, as well as when driving at increased speed (due to an increase in braking distance), the distances between cars increase.

1.2. Planning and organizing the march

High-quality fulfillment of the increased requirements for march training is achieved through skillful organization of marches and highly trained driving personnel. In addition, the success of the march is largely determined by the level of MPOV training, the ability of the commanders to lead the columns, the condition of the vehicles, the weather, the time of year and day, and other factors.

Work on organizing the march begins with receiving a preliminary order from the boss, while The boss explains the task: the purpose of the march, the route and its length, the area of ​​concentration, the time allotted for preparing and conducting the march, measures to ensure the march.

When assessing the situation, the probable nature of the enemy's influence on the route of movement, the marching capabilities of friendly troops, the presence, condition and carrying capacity of vehicles, and the availability of material resources are taken into account. On the basis of this, the commander distributes forces and means among the elements of the marching order, outlines the tasks of the unit to ensure high speeds of movement, to maintain the combat readiness of troops and equipment.

When assessing the area, the main attention is paid to studying the condition of roads, the protective properties of the area along the road and in halt areas, assessing the economic condition of the area, and also takes into account the time of year and weather conditions.

Based on the results of a comprehensive assessment of the situation, the commander makes a decision to ensure the successful execution of the march.

One of the most critical aspects of a boss’s job is the choice of driving mode; time of march (day, night), speed of movement, amount of daily travel, place and time of stops (halts), day or night rest.

The time of the march is determined depending on the actual situation.

Night marches provide greater secrecy for troop concentrations and a lower likelihood of combat losses. At the same time, compared to daytime marches, they cause greater fatigue among personnel and are carried out, as a rule, at a slower pace, require higher training of drivers, and careful preparation of vehicles and roads.

In conditions of constant exposure to the enemy, the need to overcome contaminated areas of the terrain, in poor visibility, including due to dust formation, the driver is required to exert extreme physical effort, display great skill, and high moral qualities.

The place and time of halts, day or night rest are determined by the commander, based on the need to preserve the strength of troops and drivers, check the technical condition of vehicles during the march, the reliability of stowing and securing cargo, as well as eliminating equipment malfunctions. Places for stopping and resting are first selected from the map, and then specified based on the results of reconnaissance.

Small rests are assigned every 2-3 hours movements duration 20-30 min.

Big stops are used only during daytime long marches, usually at the beginning of the second half of the daily march. Their duration is usually 2-3 hours, the time required for food and short rest for personnel, troubleshooting and refueling of vehicles.

After the commander makes a decision to march, the training unit develops a movement plan, which is drawn up in the form of tables plotted along the corresponding lines on the map. In some cases, calculations for a march can be carried out in the form of a march table, and in case of complex route terrain - in the form of a movement schedule.

At the starting point, it is planned that the column will begin to move in the order and composition established by the commander, observing the designated distance and speed of movement.

When calculating the time to build and pull out a column, it is necessary to take into account the training of personnel, the condition and branching of roads. As a rule, the column pulling speed does not exceed 10-15 km/h, and the length of the pulling route depends on the composition of the column and reaches 5 km and more.

Regulation points are assigned in 2-3 hours movement to control movement, to regulate and manage it.

It is not recommended to designate the starting point and control points along the river, crossings, or gorges.

The march table is an enlarged calculation for the pull-out, movement of a vehicle convoy and arrival at the designated area.

Calculations are performed sequentially for each main element of the marching order and include the following data:

The composition and deployment of the column are determined according to the scheme of composition and formation of marching order adopted by the commander;

About the time of passing the starting point on the march (for the head of the column - usually established by the senior commander, for other components of the column - determined by calculation);

About the time for pulling out and about the beginning of moving out from the starting area;

About the time of passing control points, arrival in day (night) rest areas;

The main documents for managing a march are the march plan on the map and the order.

When developing a march plan, the following are plotted on the map: data about the enemy, neighbors and their tasks; position of units (units) before the start of the march; building a marching order; route; starting point, control points and the start and end times of their column passage; likely enemy impact and deployment order; areas of large stops, rest, concentration and time of arrival to them.

1.3. Automotive technical support for the march.

Constant readiness and uninterrupted operation of vehicles can be achieved with clear organization and systematic implementation of measures to prepare personnel and equipment for the march, as well as technical and material support during the march.

The success of the march depends on the good organization of all types of support, and mainly vehicle technical support.

Automotive support for the march includes training of vehicle drivers, personnel of repair shops, automotive equipment, repair and evacuation equipment, as well as activities related to bringing inventories of automotive equipment to established standards, organizing the technical closure of columns, evacuation, repairing vehicles on the move and bringing them into full service upon arrival to the designated area.

1.4. The work of the automobile service during the period

preparations for the march

The work of the automobile service to train service personnel, automotive equipment, repair and evacuation equipment in the unit is carried out according to a plan approved by the commander. In addition to the technical support activities of the preparatory period, the technical support plan for the march reflects the issues of organizing the technical closure of the column, repair and evacuation of automotive equipment, organizing the management of service equipment on the march, as well as activities carried out by the automobile service in the new area.

The main activities of the preparatory period are:

Training of drivers and repair shop specialists;

Preparing vehicles and repair and recovery equipment for the march.

The most important condition for a successful march is a high degree of training of drivers and repair shop specialists. Making marches, especially over long distances, requires drivers and repairmen to have high skill and great exertion of physical and moral strength. Therefore, service personnel must constantly prepare for marches in difficult conditions. Within the limited time provided for preparation for the march, the necessary measures are taken to prepare personnel, arising from the specific conditions of the march.

Activities for training personnel must be carried out taking into account the actual level of their training.

The main forms of personnel training are instruction and practical training.

When briefing the technical support personnel, the composition, tasks and procedure for constructing the technical support, the procedure for providing technical assistance to faulty machines, the operating time of the technical support during the march, at rest stops and in the rest area, the organization of surveillance in motion, security and defense during work are indicated technical short circuit in place.

The preparation of automotive equipment for the march is organized in such a way as to ensure its reliable operation for the entire period of the march.

The scope of work on preparing automotive equipment is determined by its technical condition, the duration and intensity of the march, the availability of time and capabilities for maintenance and routine repairs of vehicles.

When preparing vehicles for a march, in addition to the maintenance and repair of vehicles, they are retrofitted with devices for transporting special cargo, night vision devices, blackout devices, other lighting equipment, means of increasing cross-country ability, entrenching tools and other equipment.

All vehicles involved in the march are subject to a thorough inspection, during which the list of work required to prepare them and the need for vehicle property to ensure the completion of these works are determined. Inspection of vehicles and checking their completeness are carried out by unit commanders, deputy unit commanders for technical matters and junior service specialists (auto mechanics, squad commanders, senior drivers).

At the same time, the issue of preparing forces and means to be included in the technical closure of the column and the formation of a repair and evacuation group is being resolved.

When defining and setting tasks for technical support, it is necessary to take into account that their work in one place to assist drivers is only possible within the time limit for covering the distance behind the moving column.

Otherwise, the means of technical closure may either delay the movement behind the moving column, or lag behind and the column they serve will remain without technical closure for a long time.

The following subdivisions may be included in the technical closure of the column: MTO-AT workshop, a tanker with a supply of fuel and a reserve vehicle. Within a limited time on-site, a technical closure can tow a faulty vehicle to the side of the road, assist in locating and sometimes eliminating the fault, or provide the driver with the necessary spare parts, using which the driver can fix the fault himself.

Depending on the specific situation, in some cases, faulty vehicles can be towed by means of closure to the nearest emergency stop along the route or to the next rest stop.

At rest stops and places of day (night) rest, technical closure is used to assist drivers in servicing and repairing cars.

In all cases of leaving a faulty car on the route, the head of the technical closure is obliged to record the place where the car was left and instruct the driver on his further actions.

The technical closure of the part column includes a PARM-1M workshop, a wheeled tractor, tank trucks or tankers with fuel reserves, a vehicle with vehicle property and one or two reserve vehicles.

1.5. The work of the automobile service during the march and in the concentration area

During the march, at rest stops, in rest areas and upon arrival at the concentration area, vehicle maintenance is carried out.

Maintenance of automotive equipment at rest stops is limited in time, so inspections, refueling of vehicles and work within the scope of daily maintenance are carried out there. Malfunctions noticed during the journey and discovered during inspection are eliminated.

It is not advisable to tow the rest of the vehicles, as well as vehicles that have been repaired due to damage and require medium and major repairs, to their destination, since in this case the technical circuit will not be able to provide effective assistance to faulty machines that require the elimination of minor defects, which is negative. will affect the speed of movement of the column as a whole. However, it must be remembered that individual unique special vehicles that directly affect combat effectiveness must arrive at the designated area in a timely manner, technical assistance along the route is provided to them first, and, if necessary, they are towed to their destination.

To restore faulty and damaged vehicles during the march, spare parts and materials are used from the individual kits available on each vehicle and from the reserves contained in the technical lock.

2. Organization and conduct of exercise No. 9 “Improving driving skills in various road conditions”,

Lesson No. 2 “Driving a car in a convoy.”

In DOSAAF educational institutions, elements of marching training are practiced during exercise No. 9.2 “Driving a car in a column” The following goals are pursued:

To instill in young drivers solid skills in driving cars in various road conditions as part of convoys during the day, when overcoming areas of radioactive and chemical contamination and obstacles.

Improve vehicle driving techniques in difficult conditions using off-road capabilities.

Conduct an event for military-patriotic education of personnel: a story about the history of military battles of the Soviet army during the Great Patriotic War in this territory with the laying of a wreath on the grave of soldiers who died in battles for the defense of the Fatherland.

To familiarize cadets with the procedure for action during an enemy air raid, attack and shelling of a convoy by a ground enemy, evacuation and towing of faulty and damaged equipment.

2.1.Conditions for the march

Exercise time - 8 ocloc'k

Motor resource consumption - 40 km per student

The exercise is carried out during the day, against the backdrop of a tactical situation along highways ( up to 30 km), ground ( up to 10 km) roads, as well as off-road (sections up to 1...2 km).

All vehicles in the convoy must be equipped with cross-country ability, towing equipment, decontamination and degassing devices, entrenching and driving tools.

The transportation of personnel (including single personnel) in the backs of training trucks and special vehicles during the march is strictly prohibited. In addition to the driver, only one person is allowed to be in the cabins - the senior vehicle (driver), regardless of the cabin capacity.

Organize stops and practice of educational issues outside populated areas.

Summer (winter) equipment for personnel, with training weapons and personal chemical protective equipment.

To control a column on the march, it is necessary to have communications equipment (radio stations, signal flags, flashlights).

2.2 The order of the march.

Preparation and execution of the exercise includes three stages:

1st – preparatory stage;

2nd – practicing the exercise with the implementation of planned educational questions;

3rd – final stage;

2.2.1 Preparatory stage

During the preparatory stage, the following questions are worked out:

Reconnaissance and preparation of the route;

Preparing equipment for the march;

Training of cadets;

Reconnaissance and preparation of the route.

Held in 5-6 days before the appointed date for completing the exercise, the deputy head of the school for training and production and the senior master of industrial driving training. This takes into account meteorological conditions, the condition of the road surface, the presence of railroad crossings, difficult road sections, and other obstacles along the route.

As a result of the work, a route diagram should be drawn up, on which it is necessary to determine the starting point, control points, stopping places, places and areas for working out training issues.

After approval of the route by the head of the school, a tactical situation for the duration of the lesson is developed (Appendix No. 1), an order (Appendix No. 2), a planned march table (Appendix No. 3), a column formation diagram (Appendix No. 4), a regulation scheme (Appendix No. 5) .

Preparing equipment for the march.

It is carried out 1-2 days before the exercise. Includes checking the technical condition of vehicles by technical department officials and performing scheduled maintenance. At the same time, special attention is paid to monitoring the technical condition of components and parts that affect traffic safety, and whether vehicles are equipped with entrenching tools and towing equipment. It is recommended to involve cadets in the maintenance and preparation of equipment during this period.

Personnel training.

3-5 days before the date of the exercise, it is recommended to study the flag signaling with the cadets, adjust and maintain personal protective equipment, conduct classes on performing drill techniques with weapons, and also study the following issues:

The order of constructing and extending the column;

Driving at set speeds and maintaining a distance between vehicles;

Overtaking rules;

Stopping single vehicles and columns;

Leaving the column and returning to your place in the column;

Movement through populated areas;

Passage of railway crossings;

Driving in icy conditions and overcoming difficult sections of the route;

Actions in the event of a surprise attack by ground and air enemies;

The procedure for overcoming areas of infection;

Maintaining march discipline.

In addition, during the cold season, cadets and FOV masters must be given a lesson on starting a cold engine and observing fire safety measures.

Immediately before the march, conduct a briefing on compliance with safety measures when conducting a march under signature (Appendix No. 6).

2.2.2 Practicing exercise No. 9.2 “Driving cars in a convoy”

The start of the working day for POV masters is 8.00.

During the period from 8.00 to 8.30, the POV masters receive waybills, undergo a pre-trip medical examination, prepare the cars, present them to the mechanic for inspection, make a note with the park duty officer and, under the guidance of the senior POV master, line up the equipment in the designated place in the previously specified order.

Arrival of cadets at school is 8.00. Time from 8.00 to 8.45 is allocated for briefing on safety measures during the march, obtaining personal protective equipment and models of personal weapons, and distributing cadets to vehicles. At 8.45, cadets in formation, under the guidance of a teacher (senior POV master), arrive at the site where the equipment is being built, where they introduce themselves to the assigned POV masters.

Class starts at 9.00.

The lesson begins with a general formation of the personnel participating in the lesson and a report to the head of the school about the readiness of the personnel and equipment to conduct the lesson.

The personnel are lined up in the order of formation of the column, with the cadets standing in the first ranks, and the POV masters in the last. A regulation group is lined up on the right flank, and technical support personnel are lined up on the left.

After the report to the head of the school, the training tactical situation is brought to the attention of the personnel and the leader of the lesson gives the order to march, after which the control group leaves to complete the assigned tasks.

Next, all commands are given by the leader of the lesson using flags. The first command is given "To the car!". At this command, the first shift cadets and POV masters line up in front of the car: the cadet is one meter ahead from the left edge of the front bumper, and the POV master is from the right. The cadets of the next shifts line up in a column two to the right of the bus (vehicle for transporting personnel). This is followed by the command "In places!". The cadets of the first shift and the POV masters take a seat in the cars, and the cadets of the next shifts on the left, one by one, take a seat on the bus. Commands must be executed quickly, clearly and without unnecessary fuss. If necessary, if commands are not executed as expected, it is recommended to re-work their execution.

Next command - "Start it up!". At this command, the cadets start the engine and turn on the low beam headlights. After all drivers of the convoy have completed the command, the command is given "Attention!". Drivers shift into gear and turn left. Turning on the turn is a signal to the lesson leader that the car is ready to start moving.

By command "March!" Drivers start moving in order of formation of a column.

When pulling and moving the column from the starting point to the stopping place (halt), carry out:

Passage of the starting point and control points at exactly the appointed time by regulating the speed of the column;

Using flag signaling and radio communications, when controlling the convoy, we achieve passage of the starting point and control points at the exact appointed time.

For this purpose, we regulate the speed of movement of the column and, on intensive sections of the route, we set up control posts from among previously prepared trainees.

Changing the speed and distance between cars depending on road conditions;

Driving at extreme speeds;

Removal of the (emergency) vehicle from the convoy at the designated point;

When a signal is received about a malfunction of one vehicle from the convoy, the head of the convoy sets the task of technical closure to remove this vehicle from the convoy, detect and eliminate the malfunction. The column continues to move along the given route.

Traveling to populated areas;

The complex deals with the issues of driving through controlled and unregulated intersections, roundabouts, and pedestrian crossings in compliance with traffic rules.

Passage of a column through a railway crossing with a barrier (without a barrier);

When the column approaches a railway crossing, we send a tow tractor ahead of the column with the task: to turn around behind the railway crossing in readiness for emergency towing of stuck and faulty equipment from the railway crossing. After which, in low gear, the convoy passes a railway crossing.

Turning the column (without changing the order of the column) to move in the opposite direction;

A simultaneous turn of the column to move in the opposite direction is carried out in order to reduce time on narrow carriageways and in the absence of other turning options. The head of the column gives the command with the flags “All around” and directs the execution of this element of the march. All cars simultaneously turn the steering wheel to the left and drive to the edge of the roadway, then turn the steering wheel to the right and move in reverse to the edge of the roadway. Having let the cars ahead in the column pass ahead, they move in the opposite direction.

A story about the history of military battles of the Soviet army during the Great Patriotic War in this territory with the laying of wreaths on the graves of soldiers who died in battles for the defense of the Fatherland.

On the route of the column, we stop the column near the monument to the liberator wars. The head of the column talks about historical battles during the Great Patriotic War in the places where the column moved and organizes the laying of a wreath at the grave of the soldiers who fell in battles for the defense of the Fatherland.

During a stop (halt) do:

- carrying out control inspection of vehicles on the road;

When the convoy stops during the march at the command of the head of the convoy, trainees under the guidance of POV masters conduct a control inspection of the vehicle en route for 10-15 minutes. If a malfunction is detected, it is eliminated on the spot; if it is impossible to eliminate the malfunction, it is reported to the head of the column.

Entering a (emergency) vehicle into the convoy;

During a stop, car convoys maintain a distance of 3-5 meters between each other, and the car following the car that has been taken out of the convoy increases the distance in front to 15 meters, thereby providing the opportunity for the disabled car to take its place in the convoy.

Replacing a damaged wheel with a spare one;

To work out this issue, a pre-assigned vehicle is lined up with personnel participating in the march. The trainee assigned to this vehicle, under the guidance of the POV master and with his comments, performs the operation of replacing the damaged wheel with a spare one. Particular attention is paid to compliance with safety measures when performing this work.

Repelling an attack on a column of enemy sabotage groups;

When an enemy sabotage group attacks a convoy during a halt, at the command of the column leader, the trainees take up defensive positions along the side of the road and behind the vehicles on the side of the enemy attack. They repel the attacks with intense fire and, under the leadership of the column commander, go on the offensive to destroy the remaining saboteurs.

Brief analysis of the first part of the lesson and setting the task for the further path;

The personnel participating in the march are formed, a brief summary is made, the tasks of the first part of the lesson are completed, and tasks are set for the further route.

A 30-minute rest is announced.

Next, all commands are given by the leader of the lesson using flags, the first command to be given is “To the car!” This is followed by the command “Get to your places!” The next command is “Start it up!” At this command, the cadets start the engine and turn on the low beam headlights. After all the convoy drivers have complied with the command, the command “Attention!” is given. Drivers shift into gear and turn left. Turning on the turn is a signal to the lesson leader that the car is ready to start moving. On the command “March!” Drivers start moving in order of formation of a column.

When the column moves from the stopping places to the starting point, continue to practice:

- changing the speed and distance between cars depending on road conditions;

When setting the task of performing a march, the distance between cars in a column is set to 1 m at 1 km speed. Accordingly, by changing the speed of the lead vehicle, we practice the ability to maintain a given distance depending on the speed of movement.

Changing the speed, distance and interval during enemy air raids;

When enemy aircraft attack a convoy, at the command of the training leader using signal flares or flags, all vehicles increase their speed to the limit while simultaneously increasing the distance between vehicles. If the terrain allows for working out this issue, also increase the intervals between cars. And also as an option: turn off the road to the side of the road, disperse the cars and shelter the personnel.

Overcoming a convoy of a contaminated area with toxic substances and partial decontamination and decontamination of weapons equipment after overcoming;

Before crossing a contaminated area with chemical, biological, bacterial and radioactive substances, the leader of the lesson stops and organizes the preparation of vehicles and personnel to overcome the contaminated area.

The windows, hatches, doors, and blinds of the vehicles are tightly closed, and the personnel wear gas masks. The contaminated area is covered at higher speeds with an increased distance between cars. After overcoming the contaminated area, the convoy stops and, in a previously prepared vehicle, a trainee under the guidance of a POV master, using the DK-4 device, decontaminates the vehicle.

- overcoming a difficult section of the road using standard and improvised means of increasing the vehicle's cross-country ability;

The first part of working out this issue requires selecting a wetland area along the route. Before overcoming it, the lesson leader gives a command to reduce the air pressure in the tires to 0.5 atm., using the tire air pressure regulation system. After overcoming a difficult area, at the command of the lesson leader, the pressure is brought to normal.

In the second part of this question, the question of pulling out a stuck single car using a winch in a steppe area is worked out on a previously prepared car. By burying a log in the ground in front of the car, hooking a winch to it, and turning on the winch to pull it up, we pull the car onto a solid section of the road.

- travel to populated areas;

The complex deals with the issues of driving through controlled and unregulated intersections, roundabouts, and pedestrian crossings in compliance with traffic rules. If necessary, we set up control posts.

- movement at maximum speeds;

When working on this task, pay attention to strict adherence by all vehicles to the specified driving mode.

2.2.3. The final stage

Upon arrival of the vehicle convoy at the starting point, carry out:

Carry out daily vehicle maintenance;

Upon arrival at the point of permanent deployment in the car park, using the ETO site and car wash, daily vehicle maintenance is organized alternately under the guidance of POV masters. If a malfunction is detected, its elimination is organized at the PTOR.

Summarize the lesson;

All personnel participating in the march are being lined up. Each POV master is briefly heard, indicating the positive and negative aspects of each trainee, and assigning a grade.

The overall result is summed up and the students are given instructions on the shortcomings and given a task to eliminate them.

The end of the lesson is announced.

Organize the delivery of training weapons, personal protective equipment and other equipment to the cadets;

Trainees, under the guidance of the deputy platoon commander (teacher) and the supervision of the lesson leader, hand over training weapons, personal protective equipment and other equipment in an organized manner. After which, with the permission of the teacher, they leave the DOSAAF.

Appendix No. 1 (option)

TACTICAL SITUATION

1. The enemy in parts __________________, overcoming the stubborn resistance of our defending troops, over the course of ___________________slowly advances towards __________________ and by _____________________ hours ______________reached the line _____________________________________ At the same time, from the depths it pulls up reserves, the movement of which was detected by our aviation in ____________________________. Their entry into battle is most likely expected at dawn____________________

According to intelligence data, the enemy may be using nuclear and chemical weapons, mining areas and roads from a helicopter. Possible areas of mining and contamination with chemical agents may be along the route _____________________, as well as the drop of reconnaissance and sabotage groups along the entire route.

2. Ahead, at the line____________________, our units are fighting heavy defensive battles, with the task of preventing the crossing of the river___________________________

There are no neighbors on the left.

On the right, along route No. __________, a motorized rifle battalion of our unit is marching.

The vanguard of our unit operates along the route of the automobile platoon.

Appendix No. 2 (OPTION)

NOU BELGOROD SCHOOL DOSAAF RUSSIA

P R I K A Z

"____"_____________2011

Belgorod

By main activity

About performing exercise No. 9.2

"Driving a car in a convoy."

In accordance with the training program for drivers of category “C” vehicles for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

ORDERS

1. Cadets of training platoon No. 7, who have completed all the driving exercises provided for in the training program, are allowed to perform exercise No. 9.2 “Driving a car in a convoy.”

1. Exercise No. 9.2 will be practiced on February 25, 2011, as part of a column along the route: Belgorod - village. B. Igumenka - p. Shlyakhovo - village Krivtsovo-st. Soot and in the opposite direction.

The average speed is 30-40 km/h.

The distance between cars is 25-30 meters.

1. Lesson leader – senior master of POV Rybina A.L.

1. The order of building the column:

KamAZ-5350 No. 97-46 NK – Antyufeyev A.I. (head car);

Ural-4320 No. 97-68 NK – Kulikov E.S. (training vehicle);

Ural- 43206 No. 97-65 NK – Lukyanov A.V. (training vehicle);

Ural-43206 No. 97-62 NK - Grigorenko V.N. (training vehicle);

Ural- 4320 No. 97-66 NK – Bishovets V.M. (training vehicle);

Ural-4320 No. 97-67 NK – Sychev A.Yu. .(training vehicle);

Ural-4320 No. 97-69 NK – Ilchenko A.S (training vehicle);

KamAZ-5350 No. 97-43 NK – Dobrun A.I. (training vehicle);

KamAZ-5350 No. 97-44 NK – Melnikov A.V. (training vehicle);

KamAZ-4350 No. 97-47 NK–Nezhentsev A.N. (training vehicle);

KamAZ - 4350 No. 97-40 NK- Trukhachev V.N. (training vehicle);

KamAZ-4350 No. 97-45 NK – Sychev Yu.V (technical closing machine);

PAZ -3205 No. 99-78 NK – Silin A.Yu. (transport);

Total equipment - 13 units.

1. The preparation of cars for the exercise and the instructing of the masters of industrial driving training will be carried out and provided to the deputy head of the school for training A.V. STETSENKO. and labor safety engineer N.V. BOBROVA.

6. During preparation for the exercise, senior POV master A.L. Rybin will instruct permanent and temporary personnel on safety measures when marching in a convoy against signature and take tests.

1. Deputy Head of the School for Technical Affairs STETSENKO A.V. the day before, February 24, 2011, check the readiness of the equipment, provide technical closure with evacuation means, tools and spare parts.
2. The deadline for the columns to be ready for the march is 9.00 February 25, 2011.

Column formation point – driving school park

Start of movement – ​​9.20

The starting point is the intersection of st. Belgorodsky Regiment and Belgorodsky Prospekt pass at 9.40

9. Take a big break in the village of Krivtsovo 12.20-13.30 10. Start of movement in the opposite direction 13.30

11. Arrival at the BS DOSAAF RUSSIA 15.30

12. Summing up and maintenance of equipment 16.00-16.30

13. Foreman POV Sychev Yu.V. (technical closure) to ensure the safe and non-stop movement of columns in populated areas, at railway crossings, intersections, turns and in difficult places - for which purpose organize control posts and, if necessary, set up a towing tractor.

14. During the exercise, practice the following tasks:

a) setting tasks for the march and organizing marching security;

b) building and pulling a column;

c) passing the starting point of regulation;

d) control of a column on the march:

Flag control signals;

Changing the speed limit of the column;

Movement of the column at maximum speeds;

The action of the head watch;

Removing a faulty vehicle from the convoy.

e) stopping the column (big halt):

Setting up a guard post;

Conducting vehicle inspections;

Entering the car into the convoy.

f) actions of drivers when repelling a surprise enemy attack;

g) overcoming the area of ​​contamination with agents and radioactive substances;

h) resumption of movement, turning around the column to move in the opposite direction;

i) summing up the results of the march and evaluating the actions of each cadet.

15. THE CLASS LEADER follows at the head of the column, in a KamAZ-5350 vehicle No. 97-46 NK, controlling the column with signal flags or a megaphone.

1. TECHNICAL ASSISTANT move behind the convoy with the task of providing technical assistance and restoring disabled vehicles, quickly evacuating vehicles from the roadway if necessary, and ensuring the timely arrival of all vehicles in the designated area.

Head of technical closure - foreman POV Sychev Yu.V.

17. The order should be communicated to all persons taking part in the lesson.

Head of the school A.V. Apolevsky

Appendix No. 3 (OPTION)

cars and cadets educational groups No. 7 when driving vehicles as part of a convoy during a march on February 25, 2011

1. Antyufeev A.I. - KamAZ 5350 state No. 97 -46 NK:

-Sklyarenko A.P.

-Havrenok N.S.

-Korelchuk L.N.

2. Grigorenko V.N. –Ural-43206 state. No. 97 -62 NK:

-Bondarev A.V.

-Vorobiev A.V.

3.Lukyanov A.V. – Ural-43206 state. No. 97-65 NK;

-Novokhatsky A.N.

-Timokhin S.A.

4. Bishovets V.M. – Ural -4320 state. No. 97-66 NK:

-Shulga I.A.

-Butov D.V.

5. Ilchenko A.S. – Ural-4320 state No. 97 – 69 NK:

Babaev V.I.

Batsunov D.V.

6. Sychev A.Yu. - Ural – 4320 state. No. 97 – 67 NK:

-Smolyakov D.O.

-Zhavoronkov A.V.

7. Dobrun A.I. – Kamaz -5350 state. No. 97-43 NK:

-Podrez A.V.

-Pristov E.Yu.

-Nemshilov A.Ya.

8. Melnikov A.V. – Kamaz-5350 state number 97-44 NK:

-Sumskov V.V.

-Gievsky I.A.

-Dyatlov M.E.

9. Nezhentsev A.N. - KamAZ - 4350 state. No. 97 – 47 NK:

- Goncharov F.S.

-Litvinov G.I.

-Bocharnikov D.V.

10. Trukhachev V.N. - KamAZ - 4350 state. No. 97 – 40 NK:

-Vinakov A.A.

-Gorodov M.A.

-Podanev S.A.

Technical closure of the column on the march.

11. Sychev Yu.V. - KamAZ - 4350 state. No. 97 – 45 NK:

-Kononov A.N.

-Korobkov A.N.

-Krasyukov S.G.

Total: equipment – ​​11 units

cadets – 28 people.

software masters - 11 people.

managers - 1 person.

I APPROVED Appendix No. 4 (option)

Head of NOU Belgorodskaya Route map for working out the tasks of exercise No. 9.2

school DOSAAF Russia

A. Apolevsky

"___" ______________ 20___

AGREED

Head of the traffic police department

ATC for Belgorod

police lieutenant colonel

V.V. Bogoley

"___" ____________ 20__

Deputy head of the school for human rights education D.A. Martyanov

Appendix No. 5 (OPTION)

The order of column construction during execution

Exercises No. 9.2 on __ ________ 2011.

1. Goretsky N.V. 1. Konopak L.N. 1. Saenko S.A. 1. Chepkov I.A.

2. Semenyuk D.L. 2. Morozov E.V. 2. Torpov G.O. 2.Chernousov I.N.

1. Shevchenko A.S. 1. Karpov S.A. 1. Snurnikov S.M. 1. Skabelkin I.V. 1. Mamchenko N.V.

2. Butenko V.I. 2. Kramorovsky A.Yu. 2. Demidenko A.Yu. 2. Maksimenko M.V. 2. Mishenin R.S.

3. Khrebtov A.A. 3.Semernin R.V.

1. Oleynikov A.P. medical tow tractor

2. Pigorev I.V. automobile

Total: 41 Human

1.techniques – 13 units

2. cadets – 23

3.MPOV – 13

4.manual – 3

5.med. worker - 1

6. auto electrician – 1 Lesson leader _____________ Rybin A.L.

Appendix No. 6 (OPTION)

List of column adjusters

1st route: BASH ROSTO (DOSAAF) – KOROCHA – SKORODNOE – PROKHOROVKA – COMMAND POINT (PROKHOROVSKY FIELD).

7th group cadets :

1. Your Yu.F. - Studencheskaya St. - Korochanskaya St. (ring);

2. Kozlov A.Yu. - Skorodnoye village - Kholodnoye village (turn);

3. Syurin A.I. - village Prokhorovka - village Beregovoye (complex).

Note: VAZ 2114 E 380 UO MPOV Pozdnyakov A.V.

After each post adjustment, they are each picked up by a bus. PAZ 3205 12-39 MA, followed in closure, where they travel to the final point (Command Post-Prokhorovskoye Field).

2nd route: COMMAND POINT (PROKHOROVSKY FIELD) SHAKHOVO village - SAZHNOE village - OZEROVO village - KRIVTSOVO village - SHLYAKHOVO village - BASH ROSTO (BELGOROD).

The route is adjusted 6th group cadets:

1. Sukhinin I.I.-p. Prokhorovka - Shakhovo village (turn);

2. Larionov S.V. - turn Sazhnoye village - Ozerovo village;

3. Perelygin A.S. - turn Shlyakhovo village - Belgorod (BASH ROSTO).

Note: Regulators follow in front of the column in a car VAZ 2114 E 380 UO MPOV Pozdnyakov A.V. After each post adjustment, he takes them away bus PAZ 3205 12-39 MA, followed in closure, where they travel to the final destination of Belgorod (BASH ROSTO).

SENIOR FOR POSITIONING REGULATION POSTS AND WELDING THEM ON THE ROUTE OF MOVEMENT OF THE MPOV COLUMN:

1. POZDNYAKOV A.V.

2. SILIN A.YU.

Appendix No. 7 (OPTION)

when driving a car in a convoy

training group No. __ during the march

on__ ________ 20_____

	FULL NAME.	Personal signature	Note

Senior POV master _______________

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

managers and masters of industrial driving training

when driving a car as part of a convoy during a march

on __ _________ 201_

		Personal signature	Note

Lesson leader _______________

INSTRUCTIONS

DRIVING SAFETY

CAR IN A COLUMN

1. Start the engine and start moving only on command.

2. Strictly follow the established procedure and rules for driving cars.

3. Strictly maintain the speed of vehicles and the distance between vehicles established by the head of the column.

4. Drive on the right side of the road, watch for control signals and obey them immediately.

5. Any changes in the order of movement of vehicles in a knee should be made only at the command of the head of the column.

6. Do not overtake cars in a convoy.

7. When forced to stop, move cars to the side of the road or away from the roadway.

PROHIBITED

Driving a technically faulty car

Transport personnel in an unequipped vehicle body

Stop the car at closed turns

When towing, stand near the taut rope at a distance closer than the length of the rope

On ups and downs, stay in front and behind the car until the wheels are chocked.

Safety requirements when evacuating a car

The condition of traction and rigging means, anchor devices and connecting parts must be carefully checked before use. Loads on winches, cables and blocks should not exceed the standards established for them by technical specifications (operating instructions).

When pulling out and towing vehicles, the triplets are securely fastened to the towing hooks and towing devices when the engines are not running. The reliability of fastening the cables (tugs) is checked by the instructor (lesson leader, unit commander) immediately before the start of pulling or towing.

All actions of the drivers of the tractor and the vehicle being pulled out are supervised by an instructor (lesson leader, unit commander), located in a place from where he can clearly see them,

Pre-tensioning of the cables, as well as subsequent starting of the machine in all cases of self-pulling, pulling and towing should be performed smoothly, without jerking. After pre-tensioning the cables, check their fastening.

When tensioning the cables and towing the car, the driver's hatch must be closed.

Rigid coupling must ensure distance between vehicles no more than 4 m, and flexible 4-6 m. In case of flexible coupling, the connecting link must be marked every meter with signal boards or flags.

Prohibited:

Allow persons not related to the work to reach the extraction site;

use faulty equipment, cables with broken threads;

Stand near the tensioned cables and in their directions closer than at the distance of the length of the cables;

Stand on the side of cars closer than 5 m when pulling it out using a log;

Be under the car if reliable supports are not placed under it;

Make stops for the towed vehicle and the tractor on ups and downs, at closed turns, at intersections to bridges;

Tow on a flexible skid in icy conditions;

Transport personnel in a towed bus and in the back of a towed truck;

Tow a car at a speed of more than 50 km/h;

Tow vehicles with faulty brakes and steering using a flexible hitch and rigid bipod.

The towed vehicle must be marked with side lights at any time of the day, a. if they malfunction - an emergency stop sign , fixed on her back,

Safety requirements when driving across railway crossings and bridges

When driving through a railway crossing, the driver must give way to an approaching train (locomotive, handcar). Before crossing, the driver must make sure that there is no approaching train (locomotive, railcar) and be guided by the position of the barrier, light and sound alarms, road signs and markings, as well as instructions and signals of the crossing duty officer. A signal prohibiting movement is the position of the duty officer, with his chest or back facing the driver, with a staff raised above his head (red flag) or with his arms extended to the side.

It is prohibited to enter the crossing when the barrier is closed or beginning to close, as well as when the traffic light is prohibiting or the sound alarm is on (regardless of the position of the barrier or in its absence). If the traffic light is turned off and the barrier is open or not there, the driver is allowed to move through the crossing only after he is convinced that there is no approaching train (locomotive, handcar).

To allow an approaching train (locomotive, railcar) to pass and in cases where movement through the crossing is prohibited, the driver must stop at the stop line, the “No movement without stopping” sign of the traffic light, if there are none, no closer than 5 m from the barrier, and when in the absence of the latter - no closer than 10 m from the nearest rail. Before starting to move after stopping before a crossing, the driver must make sure that there is no approaching train (locomotive, handcar).

When forced to stop at a crossing, the driver must unload people and take measures to clear the crossing.

If the car cannot be removed from the crossing, the driver must:

if possible, send two people along the tracks in both directions from the crossing 1000 m (if one, then in the direction of the worst visibility of the track), explaining to them the rules for giving a stop signal to the driver of an approaching train;

stop near the car and sound a general alarm (a series of one long and three short signals);

when a train appears, run to meet it, giving a stop signal (circular movement of the hand with a piece of bright material or a clearly visible object during the day, with a torch or lantern at night).

cross railway tracks in places not designated for this purpose;

drive around vehicles standing in front of a closed barrier;

open the barrier without permission or go around it;

drive to a crossing if there is a traffic jam behind it that will force the driver to stop at the crossing;

drive onto the crossing until the car in front clears it.

When driving on bridges you must:

move at a set speed, distance, without sharp turns and braking;

in case of a forced stop of the car in front, stop without reducing the established distance.

Parking and turning of vehicles on bridges is prohibited.

Safety requirements when driving in a convoy

When driving cars in a convoy, it is necessary to strictly maintain the established distances between cars; Drive on the right side of the road, watch for control signals and obey them immediately. Any change in the order of movement of vehicles, as well as stops, should be made only at the command of the commander (senior of the column). When forced to stop, move the car to the side of the road or away from the roadway.

Drivers of stopped cars again take their place in the column only at rests or stops with the permission of the senior column. Overtaking a moving convoy is prohibited.

At stops at the tail and head of the column, traffic controllers should be posted: during the day - with flags, at night - with lanterns; personnel are only allowed to exit on the right side of the road.

All vehicles in the convoy must have low beam headlights on when driving during the day.

Before moving through a railway crossing, the commander (senior of the column) is obliged to stop the column, deploy traffic controllers, set up a duty tractor with a tow rope and, after making sure of complete safety, give the command to move through the crossing.

Safety requirements for machine maintenance

Maintenance of machines is carried out at places (posts) equipped for this purpose in compliance with the following requirements:

Brake the car at the post (overpass) with the parking brake, engage low gear and hang a sign on the steering wheel with the inscription “Do not start the engine - people are working!” Before leaving the post (overpass), make sure that there are no boats or objects under the car that impede movement;

When lifting a car with a jack, hoist or crane, follow the rules for using this equipment;

do not work under a mounted machine without special stands;

do not carry out maintenance operations on a machine with the engine running (except for cases of geo-adjustment);

do not place tools and removed parts on the frame, footrests or other places where they can fall on workers;

use only serviceable tools and equipment;

When handling leaded gasoline, brake fluids, low-freezing fluids and other special fluids, do not allow them to come into contact with open areas of the body and mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and eyes.

Maintain cleanliness and order in the workplace at all times.

Appendix No. 7 OPTION

Control signals. Car placement

Column control signals are transmitted by flags during the day, and by lighting signals at night. Having received the signal from the head of the column, the driver or senior vehicle carries it out and transmits it along the column. The convoy can be controlled using mobile communications equipment, flares and sound signals (sirens, car horns, etc.).

When driving on a good road, the distance is usually set at the rate of 1 m per 1 km/h. On dusty roads, the distance is increased so that the dust raised by those in front does not interfere with drivers behind the following cars. On particularly dusty roads, the distance can reach 200-250 m. At night, in fog, or in a snowstorm, the distance is reduced.

You can determine the distance by using the distance indicator in the blackout insert of the rear light. The driver must drive his vehicle in such a way as to clearly distinguish two light signs visible at a distance of 20-50 m. If only one continuous stripe (one light sign) is visible, the distance is 50-100 m. If all four light signs are visible, the distance is less 20 m.

Cars are loaded onto railway platforms from platforms (overpasses) at minimum speed without excessive maneuvering; in the absence of platforms, entrance side or end ramps (or ramps) are made from sleepers and rails. Cars are placed on platforms as densely as possible, but in such a way that the engine can be started with a crank.

The installed vehicles are secured to the platform using wooden blocks nailed to the platform deck with nails or staples. Cars are additionally secured to the platform brackets with wire, which is twisted using a crowbar or other lever. All vehicles must have hand brakes applied and low gears engaged.

When transporting unloaded trucks of the same type, they can be installed so that the front axle of one vehicle rests on the platform of the other. Loading and unloading of vehicles is supervised by specially appointed persons.

Move a flashlight with a red light, describing a semicircle.

Increase distance

Raise the red flag (in your left hand) up, and stretch the yellow flag (in your right) horizontally to the side and wave it down and up to shoulder level

Moving the lantern

With green light

in vertical

plane

describing

eight

Reduce distance

Yellow flag

(in right hand) raise

up and red

(in the left) pull out

horizontally to the side

and wave it

up and down to shoulder level

Moving the lantern

with green light

in vertical

plane

describing

eight

Visibility of the red lights of the rear light distance indicator

		Study time (minutes)
		Time is all	Including
			Story-show	Training
	Introductory part
	Accept the student’s report and examine his appearance; Check the number of the exercise to be performed against the individual book; Explain the topic, learning purpose, time and place of the exercise.
	Main part
	Problem 1 . Practicing on-site signals: “attention”, “take your seats”, “start”, “turn off the engine”, “march”, “stop”, etc.
	Task 2. Directions to the starting point and control points
	Task 3. Changing the driving speed
	Task 4. Removing the (emergency) vehicle from the convoy.
	Problem 5 . The driver's actions when repelling a surprise enemy attack.
	Problem 6 . Building, pulling, moving and stopping a column.
	Problem 7 . Driving through regulatory points, populated areas, railway crossings, removing a vehicle from a convoy.
	Task 8. Stopping along the way (halt) - entering a car into a convoy.
	Task 9. . Resumption of movement, reversal of the column.
	Problem 10. Replacing the damaged wheel with a spare one.
	Problem 11. Overcoming a contaminated area with weapons of mass destruction.
	Problem 12. Overcoming difficult terrain.
	Problem 13. A story about the history of military battles and the laying of tributes.
	Final part.
	Indicate to the student positive actions when practicing the exercise; Analyze the mistakes made when performing the exercise and their reasons; Announce the assessment and enter it in the waybill and individual driving record book; give a task for self-study. Carrying out daily vehicle maintenance work
TOTAL:

POV Master _______________________