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The main part of the sentence. Members of a sentence in Russian

The main members of the proposal are subject and predicate.

Subject

Subject- This main member sentences that are associated with the predicate and answer questions in the nominative case Who? or What?

Ways to Express Subject

Ways of expression	Examples
1. Noun in the nominative case (or other part of speech, used in the meaning of a noun)	Blizzard came right away. (N. Ostrovsky) Gathered discussed the agenda.
2. Pronoun in the nominative case	Every went to the room assigned to him. (A. Pushkin)
3. Indefinite form of the verb	Protect nature means protecting the Motherland. (K. Paustovsky)
4. Phraseologisms	We went out into the field from small to large.
5. Own name	A wide strip, from edge to edge, stretches Milky Way. (V. Arsenyev)
6. Syntactically integral phrase	Grandma and I quietly went to their attic. (M. Gorky)

Predicate

Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and answers questions what does the item do? what's happening to him? what is he like? and etc.
The predicate is expressed by a verb in the form of one of the moods.
The predicate may be simple And composite.

A predicate expressed by one verb in the form of any mood is called simple verbal predicate.
In a simple verbal predicate, the lexical and grammatical meanings expressed in one word. The predicate expresses the nature of the movement; at the same time, verbs indicate real action.

Composite is a predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words.
A compound predicate can be verbal And personal. It consists of two parts: one part (the copula) expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, the other (verbal and nominal) - the main lexical meaning predicate. There are verbs as connectives be and auxiliary verbs.

Compound verb is called a predicate, which consists of an auxiliary verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate and an indefinite form of the verb expressing its main lexical meaning.
Auxiliary verbs express the meaning of the beginning, end, duration of an action, its desirability or possibility.
Combinations of some short adjectives (must, glad, ready, obliged, capable, intends etc.) and a functional linking verb be in the form of one of the moods.

Compound nominal called a predicate, which consists of a linking verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and a nominal part (adjective, noun, etc.), expressing its main lexical meaning.
The most commonly used is the linking verb be, expressing only grammatical meanings.

Note:
Verbs that have the meaning of movement and state can act as connectives: come, come, return and etc.; sit, stand and etc.

Nominal part of a compound predicate is expressed by an adjective, a noun, a short passive participle and etc.

Note:
The nominal part may include conjunctions as if, as if, exactly, adding to the predicate the meaning of comparison.

In this lesson we will learn that in a sentence there are the main members - the subject and the predicate. The subject and predicate form the grammatical basis of a sentence. Let's learn to find the subject and predicate in a sentence and underline them.

Remember: subject names who or what is being said in the sentence and answers the questions “who?”, “what?”. When parsing the sentence, it is emphasized by one feature.

For example: Schoolchildren read books. Who is the sentence talking about? About schoolchildren. Who - pupils- the subject is underlined with one line. What are schoolchildren doing? Reading. This is the second main member of the sentence - the predicate. It is emphasized by two features. Schoolchildren read books.

Remember: predicate- the main member of the sentence. Names what is said about the subject, answers questions what to do? what to do? When parsing the sentence, it is emphasized by two features.

We learned that the main members of a sentence are the subject and the predicate. The subject and predicate form the grammatical basis of a sentence.

Rice. 4. The grammatical basis of the sentence ()

Now let’s complete tasks that will help us consolidate the acquired knowledge.

Let's write out the grammatical basis of the sentences and underline the subject and predicate.

Spring has come. Sounding streams ran along the ground. Birds began to sing on the branches. The first blades of grass appeared in the thawed patches.

Let's check whether this task is completed correctly.

Spring has come. It has come - the predicate, spring - the subject.

Streams ran. Streams are the subject, ran is the predicate.

The birds began to sing. They sang - the predicate, the birds - the subject.

Blades of grass appeared. The predicate appeared, the blades of grass appeared - the subject.

Let's insert a suitable subject.

The cold north __________ is blowing. White _________ fall to the ground. In the forest, a fluffy ________ jumps from branch to branch.

Words to insert: squirrel, wind, snowflakes.

Let's check:

A cold north wind is blowing. White snowflakes fall to the ground. A fluffy squirrel jumps from branch to branch in the forest.

Let's make sentences from these words. Let's find the grammatical basis in each sentence and underline it.

Crow, sitting, on a branch, black.

Gray, gnawing, carrots, hare, delicious.

Apples, on, ripened, apple tree, red.

Coat, hanging, on a hanger, on, children's.

One of the possible answers:

A black crow sits on a branch.

Suggestion basis: Crow sitting .

A gray hare gnaws a tasty carrot.

Suggestion basis: The hare is gnawing .

Red apples ripened on an apple tree.

Suggestion basis: The apples are ripe .

A child's coat hangs on a hanger.

Suggestion basis: coat hanging .

In the next lesson we will learn which parts of a sentence are called minor, we will learn to find them in a sentence and highlight them with underlining. Let's talk about common and uncommon proposals.

Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Education, 2012 (http://www.twirpx.com/file/1153023/)
Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Balass.
Ramzaeva T.G. Russian language. 2. - M.: Bustard.

The words and phrases that make up a sentence are called sentence members. The members of a sentence are divided into main and secondary.
The main members of the sentence - subject and predicate - form the grammatical basis of the sentence (its predicative center).

Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, which depends only on the subject and denotes its attribute or action. The predicate answers the questions: what does the object do? what's happening to him? what is he like?what is he?who is he? and etc.
The predicate expresses the grammatical meaning of one of the moods. This meaning is conveyed by the form of the verb's mood, less often - in other ways. For example: We were sitting on the shore of a pond. Suddenly a dog runs out of the bushes and jumps into the water. The first two predicates have a mood form, and the third has no mood form, but expresses the grammatical meaning of the indicative mood (jump - jumps).

By meaning, the predicate is divided into verbal and nominal. Depending on the structure and method of expression, the verbal predicate can be simple or compound; nominal predicate will always be composite. Thus, the main types of predicate are simple verbal predicate, compound verbal predicate and compound nominal predicate.

So, predicates are simple and compound. In a simple predicate, the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word.
A simple predicate can only be a verb. It is expressed by an independent verb in the form of one of the moods, for example: 1) The songbirds have already woken up. (S.-M.) 2) Birds sing loudly. (S.-M.) 3) The birds will sing even louder. In these examples, the predicate verbs have the indicative forms of the past, present and future complex tenses. 4) In the sports section, you would train more regularly - the predicate is expressed by a verb in the conditional mood.<5) Вы возьмите с собой в поход туристскую карту-схему — сказуемое выражено глаголом в повелительном наклонении.
Compound predicates are those predicates in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words. Compare: On the second day the goldfinch began to sing.— On the second day the goldfinch began to sing. Katya was sick for a whole month. - Katya was sick for a whole month. The compound predicates began to sing and was sick consist of two words, one of which (sing, sick) expresses the main lexical meaning of the predicate, and the other (started, was) - its grammatical meaning.

Compound predicates are verbal and nominal.

A compound verb is a predicate that consists of an auxiliary word and an indefinite form of the verb. For example: I started working. My brother has stopped studying and may fall behind in his studies. I have to help him.
Auxiliary words are divided into two groups:
1) verbs with the meaning of beginning, end or continuation (start, stop, end, stop, continue);
2) verbs and short adjectives with the meaning of possibility, necessity, desirability, etc. (able, able, want, desire, glad, ready, must, obliged, intends).
Auxiliary words express the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and the infinitive form of the verb expresses its lexical meaning. The violinist began (continued, stopped) playing. We won't be able to perform at the concert. We would like to participate in competitions.
If the auxiliary word is a short adjective, then it is used only with a connective: 1) I was glad to help. 2) He was ready to argue with you. In the present tense the connective is not used, i.e. it is zero. Wed: He is ready to argue with you. I'm glad to help you.
Compound verb predicate = auxiliary + infinitive verb

A compound nominal is a predicate that consists of a linking verb and a nominal part (adjective, noun, etc.). Linking verbs express the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and the nominal part expresses its lexical meaning.
Compound nominal predicate = linking verb + nominal part
For example: I was right.
Linking verbs are divided into three groups.
1. The linking verb to be expresses only grammatical meanings. In the present tense, the linking verb to be is not used, i.e. the link is zero. You would be brave - conditional mood. Be brave - imperative mood. You were brave - past tense. You will be brave - be. vr. You are brave - present. vr. (zero copula)
2. Linking verbs do, become, become, appear, be considered, introduce themselves, seem, be called are less common, for example: 1) It’s winter here. Everything becomes brighter and more cheerful from the first snow. (Ch.) 2) Grandfather has become completely white. (N.) 3) The palace seemed like a sad island. (P.)
3. Verbs with the meaning of movement, position in space can act as connectives: come, arrive, return, etc.; sit, stand, etc., for example: 1) I sat immersed in deep thought. (P.) 2) The girl came tired. (Floor.)
In place of the linking verb, combinations of auxiliary words with a certain form of the linking verb can be used, for example: I would be glad to become a teacher.

Any sentence in the Russian language can be divided into component parts, which in science are called “members of the sentence.” Among them, major and minor ones are distinguished. Without the main ones, most of the sentences cannot exist; they form its basis, and the secondary ones make the text more informative and rich. What are the main and minor members? offers?

Main

The subject and predicate in a sentence are its main members.

Subject means the thing that does the action. Questions that will help detect it during parsing are “who?” (if the action is performed by an animate object) or “what?” (if the sentence talks about a phenomenon or an inanimate object).
The predicate is most often expressed by a verb and means the action that the subject performs. Questions to determine - “what does it do, what will it do?”

Here's an example: A good mood helped the boys overcome difficulties. The question “what” in our example is answered by the word “mood”; it is the subject and during analysis is emphasized by one feature. To find the predicate, we ask the question: “What did the mood do?” It helped. This word is the predicate, expressed by a verb, emphasized by two features. As a result, the sentence with the found main members looks like this: A good (what?) mood (underlined by a solid line) (what did?) helped (underlined by two solid horizontal stripes) the boys to overcome difficulties.

How to find out subject and predicate during parsing

To avoid making a mistake when figuring out where the subject is, you should use a hint table.

First of all, you should find the actor by asking the question: “Who? What?”, this will be the subject. Next they look for the predicate.

Minor

To parse a proposal into members, you should be able to find circumstances, definitions and additions. They are the secondary members, the purpose of which is to specify and clarify the main ones (or other minor ones). How to find them?

Definition. Questions that will help to detect it in a sentence - “which”, “whose”.
Addition. Most often it is given cases: “to whom (what)”, “with whom (with what)”, “about whom (about what)” and others. That is, questions of all cases, in addition to the nominative.
Circumstance. It can be found by asking questions of adverbs or gerunds: “from”, “where”, “why”, “how”, “where” and the like.

Let's give an example. Let's find the main and minor terms. offers:

The little boy hurriedly walked along the path.

If you want to break down the proposal by members, it will look like this:

(what, definition) The little (who, subject) boy (how, circumstance) hurriedly (what he did, predicate) walked (by what, object) along the path.

Each major and minor member. The sentence answers its own question, carries a certain load and plays its own role in the sentence.

How to recognize

To avoid mistakes when identifying additions, definitions and circumstances, you can use this summary table-help.

Minor members

Parameter	Definition	Addition	Circumstance
Meaning	Characterizes the attribute of an object	Means subject	It matters the place, time, method of action
Questions	Which? Which one, which one, which ones?	Indirect cases: to whom (what), by whom (what) and others	Where, where, from, why, when, how - all questions of adverbs
What is expressed	Adjective Participle Cardinal number The case coincides with the case of the main word	Noun (both with and without preposition) Pronoun The case can be anything except nominative	Noun
As emphasized	Wavy line	Dotted line	Dot-dash
Example	(Which one?) A beautiful vase stood in (whose?) mother’s room.	The kid was carrying (what?) a basket (with what?) with mushrooms.	(where?) It was damp in the forest (when) in the fall.

To identify which member of the sentence is in front of us, we must first ask a question.

Additional tips

To find the main members of a sentence, you must follow the rules. The subject and predicate are not a phrase, they are already a sentence, albeit a very short one. The main members are independent of each other.

Syntactic analysis should begin with identifying the subject, then it becomes clear what the predicate is and how it is expressed. Then you should identify the subject group using questions, and only after that - the predicate group. Each minor member is dependent:

from one of the main ones;
from one of the minor ones.

One sentence can have several main and minor parts. offers. If there are several bases, then the sentence is complex - compound or complex. If there are several definitions, additions, circumstances, but the basis is the same, then the sentence is simple common.

You can often come across calls, for example: Katya, go do your homework. Despite the fact that the address “Katya” resembles the subject, it is not a member of the sentence and is designated as an address.

Complex cases

Not all main and minor parts of a sentence look obvious. Complex but interesting cases are varied:

A one-part sentence has only one main member. It was getting dark(this is a predicate, the sentence is impersonal). Today we were informed(predicate, indefinite personal sentence), that the exam has been cancelled.
The predicate may include an adjective: The weather was rainy. In this example, the combination “it was rainy” is a compound nominal predicate.
The predicate can include several verbs: Today Vasya started studying.“I started studying” is a compound verb predicate.

Main and secondary members. sentences must be highlighted correctly when parsing a sentence.