Brief presentation about Gzhel painting. Technique of drawing elements of painting Gzhel, Khokhloma, Zhostovo Educator: Pererva Valentina Anatolyevna Municipal budgetary preschool educational
1 of 24
Presentation on the topic: Gzhel painting
Slide no. 1
Slide description:
Slide no. 2
Slide description:
Slide no. 3
Slide description:
1. History of the fishery. The oldest mention of Gzhel was found in the will of Ivan Kalita dated 1328. Gzhel was later mentioned in the spiritual letters of other princes and in the will of Ivan the Terrible in 1572-1578. It all started with clay. Nature itself has endowed this area: here is the Gzhel-Kudinovskoe deposit of fatty refractory clays. It is underground, and on its surface there are small hamlets and villages. But how much does our handy people need - there is clay, there are hands - that’s great! Widespread mining of different types of clay has been carried out in Gzhel since the middle of the 17th century. In 1663, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich issued a decree “to send clay to the Gzhel volost for apothecary and alchemical vessels, which clay is suitable for apothecary vessels.” In 1770, the Gzhel volost was entirely assigned to the Apothecary Order "for alchemical utensils."
Slide no. 4
Slide description:
In the 18th century, Mikhailo Lomonosov, who was looking for the secret of porcelain and who appreciated Gzhel clays, wrote such sublime words about them: “There is hardly any earth in the world that is the purest and without any admixture, which chemists call virginity, except among the clays used for porcelain, This is our Gzhel, which I have never seen anywhere with a more excellent whiteness.” Until the middle of the 18th century, Gzhel made the usual pottery for that time, made bricks, pottery pipes, tiles, as well as primitive children’s toys, supplying Moscow with them.
Slide no. 5
Slide description:
By 1812, there were 25 factories in Gzhel that produced dishes. In addition to dishes, toys in the form of birds and animals, and decorative figurines on themes from Russian life were made in Gzhel. Shiny white horses, riders, birds, dolls, and miniature dishes were painted with purple, yellow, blue and brown paints in a unique folk, Gzhel style. The paints were applied with a brush. The motives for this painting were decorative flowers, leaves, and herbs.
Slide no. 6
Slide description:
After 1802, when light gray clay was found near the village of Minino, the production of semi-faience arose in Gzhel, from which kvass, kumgans and jugs were made in large numbers. Since the second half of the 20s of the 19th century, many products were painted only with blue paint. Semi-faience was distinguished by its rough structure and low strength. Around 1800, in the village of Volodino, Bronnitsy district, peasants, the Kulikov brothers, found the composition of a white faience mass. The first porcelain factory was founded there around 1800-1804. Pavel Kulikov, its founder, learned the technique of making porcelain. Wanting to keep the secret of porcelain production, Kulikov did everything himself, having only one worker, but, according to legend, G. N. Khrapunov and E. G. Gusyatnikov secretly entered Kulikov’s workshop, copied the forge (oven for firing products) and took possession of clay samples , after which they opened their own factories. The Kulikov factory is remarkable in that it originated the Gzhel porcelain production.
Slide no. 7
Slide description:
The second quarter of the 19th century is the period of the highest artistic achievements of Gzhel ceramic art in all its branches. In an effort to obtain fine earthenware and porcelain, production owners constantly improved the composition of the white mass. Since the middle of the 19th century, many Gzhel factories have fallen into disrepair, and ceramic production is concentrated in the hands of the Kuznetsovs, who once came from Gzhel. After the revolution, the Kuznetsov factories were nationalized.
Slide no. 8
Slide description:
Only in the middle of the 20th century did the restoration of the fishery begin in Gzhel, which recently celebrated its 650th anniversary. In the 1930s and 1940s, almost half of all porcelain and faience enterprises in Russia were concentrated here. In 1912, a station was opened on the Kazan Railway on the Moscow-Cherusti branch, which was named after the area “Gzhel”. The urban-type settlement that grew up near the station is also called “Gzhel”.
Slide no. 9
Slide description:
All pottery craft in Russia has deep historical traditions. Many crafts remain famous today. One of the first places is occupied by Gzhel - the largest ceramic craft in terms of production scale. Gzhel is an ancient village on the banks of the Gzhelka River, located in the Ramensky district of the Moscow region, 60 km from Moscow. The richest clay deposits are located here today. The village got its name from the word “zhgel”, i.e. “burn” or “burn” - all these are words from the vocabulary of ancient potters.
Slide no. 10
Slide description:
2.Ceramic production technology. Now the technological chain is built like this: Molding (casting in plaster molds) – Drying – Manual inspection – Control for cracks – Firing (electric oven) – Painting workshop. Behind these “production” words lies the secret of the creation of Gzhel products and the work of many people: incl. technology masters, sculptors, foundry workers, ceramic artists! Gzhel clay has special qualities: high plasticity and refractoriness. She's fat, that is. there is little sand in it. The accumulated clay undergoes thorough primary processing: freezing, elutriation, kneading. Clay is a living material!
Slide no. 11
Slide description:
3. Dictionary: Porcelain is a product of fine ceramics, impermeable to water, usually white, ringing, translucent in a thin layer. Porcelain raw materials: kaolin, plastic clay, quartz and feldspar. And the proportion of components is a secret! Porcelain is usually produced by high-temperature firing. Earthenware is fine ceramic products, dense and finely porous. It differs from porcelain in its greater porosity and water absorption, so all earthenware products are covered with a thin continuous layer of glaze. Earthenware raw materials: 60-65% plastic materials (kaolin, clay); 30-36% quartz; 3-5% feldspar. Faience is produced by three-stage firing: biscuit (t-1250˚), glaze (t-1100˚) and pattern-fixing (t-700-900˚). Ceramics are products made from baked clay. Majolica is artistic ceramics, i.e. covered with opaque glaze. Kvasnik - a jug with a hole in the center. Kumgan - a vessel in which in the old days drinks were served on the festive table. Kumgans are jugs that look like a bird with a rounded body, a flat, curved nose and a tail handle.
Slide no. 12
Slide description:
4. Distinctive features of Gzhel painting. Any Gzhel painting is pleasant to look at; Gzhel motifs can be seen not only on porcelain, but also in paintings, embroidered and painted, and on clothes, on bed linen, and even in the interior, for example, painted fireplaces.
Slide no. 13
Slide description:
How does it differ from other paintings? The signature color of Gzhel painting is juicy blue, bright blue, cornflower blue, the color of sky and water. Just one paint – blue on a white background, and the picture comes to life, and blue tints appear from dark to blue, depending on the pressure of the artist’s brush. The artist has only one cobald paint, which turns it blue. It is diluted with water and the work is covered with strokes and lines.
Slide 1
Gzhel painting Completed by: Dyachkova Svetlana Aleksandrovna, 541 gr., PMDO Chelyabinsk 2010Slide 2
Plan History of the craft Technology of ceramics production Dictionary Distinctive features of Gzhel painting Crossword Lesson summary for children in the preparatory group
Slide 3
1. History of the fishery. The oldest mention of Gzhel was found in the will of Ivan Kalita dated 1328. Gzhel was later mentioned in the spiritual letters of other princes and in the will of Ivan the Terrible in 1572-1578. It all started with clay. Nature itself has endowed this area: here is the Gzhel-Kudinovskoe deposit of fatty refractory clays. It is underground, and on its surface there are small hamlets and villages. But how much do our handy people need - there is clay, there are hands - that’s great! Widespread mining of different types of clay was carried out in Gzhel from the middle of the 17th century. In 1663, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich issued a decree “to send clay to the Gzhel volost for apothecary and alchemical vessels, which clay is suitable for apothecary vessels.” In 1770, the Gzhel volost was entirely assigned to the Apothecary Order "for alchemical utensils."
Slide 4
In the 18th century, Mikhailo Lomonosov, who was looking for the secret of porcelain and who appreciated Gzhel clays, wrote such sublime words about them: “There is hardly any earth in the world that is the purest and without any admixture, which chemists call virginity, except among the clays used for porcelain, This is our Gzhel, which I have never seen with more beautiful whiteness anywhere.” Until the middle of the 18th century, Gzhel made pottery that was common for that time, made bricks, pottery pipes, tiles, as well as primitive children's toys, supplying Moscow with them.
Slide 5
By 1812, there were 25 factories producing tableware in Gzhel. In addition to dishes, toys in the form of birds and animals and decorative figurines on themes from Russian life were made in Gzhel. Shiny white horses, riders, birds, dolls, and miniature dishes were painted with purple, yellow, blue and brown paints in a unique folk, Gzhel style. The paints were applied with a brush. The motives for this painting were decorative flowers, leaves, and herbs.
Slide 6
After 1802, when light gray clay was found near the village of Minino, the production of semi-faience arose in Gzhel, from which kvass, kumgans and jugs were made in large numbers. Since the second half of the 20s of the 19th century, many products were painted only with blue paint. Semi-faience was distinguished by its rough structure and low strength. Around 1800, in the village of Volodino, Bronnitsy district, peasants, the Kulikov brothers, found a composition of white earthenware. The first porcelain factory was founded there around 1800-1804. Pavel Kulikov, its founder, learned the technique of making porcelain. Wanting to keep the secret of porcelain production, Kulikov did everything himself, having only one worker, but, according to legend, G. N. Khrapunov and E. G. Gusyatnikov secretly entered Kulikov’s workshop, copied the forge (oven for firing products) and took possession of clay samples , after which they opened their own factories. The Kulikov factory is remarkable in that it originated the Gzhel porcelain production.
Slide 7
The second quarter of the 19th century is the period of the highest artistic achievements of Gzhel ceramic art in all its branches. In an effort to produce fine earthenware and porcelain, production owners constantly improved the composition of the white mass. Since the middle of the 19th century, many Gzhel factories have fallen into disrepair, and ceramic production is concentrated in the hands of the Kuznetsovs, who once came from Gzhel. After the revolution, the Kuznetsov factories were nationalized.
Slide 8
Only in the middle of the 20th century did the restoration of the fishery begin in Gzhel, which recently celebrated its 650th anniversary. In the 1930s and 1940s, almost half of all porcelain and earthenware enterprises in Russia were concentrated here. In 1912, a station was opened on the Kazan Railway on the Moscow-Cherusti branch, which was named after the area “Gzhel”. The urban-type settlement that grew up near the station is also called “Gzhel”.
Slide 9
All pottery craft in Russia has deep historical traditions. Many crafts remain famous today. One of the first places is occupied by Gzhel - the largest ceramic industry in terms of production scale. Gzhel is an ancient village on the banks of the Gzhelka River, located in the Ramensky district of the Moscow region, 60 km from Moscow. The richest clay deposits are located here today. The village got its name from the word “zhgel”, i.e. “burn” or “burn” - all these are words from the vocabulary of ancient potters.
Slide 10
2.Ceramic production technology. Now the technological chain is built like this: Molding (casting in plaster molds) – Drying – Manual inspection – Control for cracks – Firing (electric oven) – Painting workshop. Behind these “production” words lies the secret of the creation of Gzhel products and the work of many people: incl. technology masters, sculptors, foundry workers, ceramic artists! Gzhel clay has special qualities: high plasticity and refractoriness. She's fat, that is. there is little sand in it. The accumulated clay undergoes thorough primary processing: freezing, elutriation, kneading. Clay is a living material!
Slide 11
3. Dictionary: Porcelain is a product of fine ceramics, impermeable to water, usually white, ringing, translucent in a thin layer. Porcelain raw materials: kaolin, plastic clay, quartz and feldspar. And the proportion of components is a secret! Porcelain is usually produced by high-temperature firing. Faience is a product of fine ceramics, dense and finely porous. It differs from porcelain in its greater porosity and water absorption, so all earthenware products are covered with a thin continuous layer of glaze. Earthenware raw materials: 60-65% plastic materials (kaolin, clay); 30-36% quartz; 3-5% feldspar. Faience is produced by three-stage firing: biscuit (t-1250˚), glaze (t-1100˚) and pattern-fixing (t-700-900˚). Ceramics are products made from baked clay. Majolica is artistic ceramics, i.e. covered with opaque glaze. Kvasnik is a jug with a hole in the center. Kumgan is a vessel in which in ancient times drinks were served on the festive table. Kumgans are jugs that look like a bird with a rounded body, a flat, curved nose and a tail handle.
Slide 12
4. Distinctive features of Gzhel painting. Any Gzhel painting is pleasant to look at; Gzhel motifs can be seen not only on porcelain, but also on paintings, embroidered and painted, and on clothes, on bed linen, and even in the interior, for example, painted fireplaces.
Slide 13
How is it different from other paintings? The signature color of Gzhel painting is juicy blue, bright blue, cornflower blue, the color of sky and water. Just one paint – blue on a white background, and the picture comes to life, and blue tints appear from dark to blue, depending on the pressure of the artist’s brush. The artist has only one cobald paint, which turns it blue. It is diluted with water and the work is covered with strokes and lines.
Slide 14
The most favorite pattern is the Gzhel rose. Sometimes it is depicted large, with broad strokes. And sometimes it is written with a thin brush. Then we see a bouquet of several roses. The flowers are scattered all over the surface. It also happens: there is no rose itself, there are only its petals. They also decorate porcelain with strange birds and scenes from people’s lives.
Slide 15
Many works of Gzhel are unique and the plot depends on the master and his skill, and of course they are done by hand, so you won’t find exactly the same one. But of course there are characteristic elements, and these are the ones that are taught in every school in art class.
Slide 16
Gzhel painting is divided into three types: 1. Main - plant painting - grass, cereals, berries, twigs, leaves, bouquets and garlands of flowers. In addition to roses, poppies, dahlias, lilies, peonies, asters, carnations, and daisies are depicted. Their form is a little conventional. 2. Ornamental. First of all, these are checkerboards - several rows of blue and white squares along the side and a tie-down belt also along the side. Artists also painted the famous Gzhel nets - “combs” (in the shape of a spruce), “droplets”, “pearls”, “antennae”. Using a brush with hard bristles, a marbled pattern is applied. It fills the space inside, for example, wavy lines, or circles at the bottom of a plate.
Slide 17
3. Plots. This is nature and the seasons. These are scenes of city life, rural landscapes and everyday life, etc. These are characters from Russian fairy tales: Blue Birds, Polkans, Sirin's Birds, various Mermaids, Bayun Cats, etc.
Slide 18
The main secret is the strokes. A smear is a generic sign of Gzhel. The main technique is the correct ratio of blue and white or the combination of “the whiteness of the snow-covered fields of the Moscow region and the transparent blue of the clear sky.”
