Is it possible to get excited after a biopsy of the cervix. For those who are about to have a cervical biopsy for erosion

To diagnose some serious gynecological diseases, it is not enough to conduct an examination and study a smear taken from the vagina. Doctors, suspecting a serious illness, prescribe a biopsy of the cervix. What is this procedure? How is a cervical biopsy performed? Do you experience pain when the doctor performs the necessary manipulations? We have to understand these issues.

The cervix is ​​the canal that connects the vagina and the reproductive organ. Quite often, when examining women, gynecologists discover changes in the epithelium that lines the cervix. Various serious diseases can be hidden under the guise of inflammation. In order to make sure that this is not oncology, a biopsy is prescribed. The procedure allows you to identify not only cancer, but also precancerous conditions, various anomalies.

A cervical biopsy is the removal of a small amount of cervical tissue. The result of studying the material taken is final. Additional research is not required. Thanks to this medical procedure, doctors are able to determine the nature of the pathology. For example, for erosion and dysplasia, a cervical biopsy is necessary. It allows you to get accurate information about the state of the epithelium and choose an adequate treatment.

Indications and contraindications for biopsy

A medical procedure is carried out if the specialist believes that the woman has a pathology that must be confirmed at the cellular or tissue level. Routine gynecological examinations and smear results cannot provide complete information. In turn, a biopsy of the cervix shows and makes it possible to diagnose the following diseases:

• endocervicitis;
• leukoplakia;
• carcinoma;
• dysplasia of the cervical epithelium, etc.

One of the contraindications to biopsy is the presence of acute inflammatory diseases. If inflammation is detected, treatment is carried out. The procedure can only be prescribed after it. Also, a biopsy should not be performed with poor blood clotting.

Many diseases of the cervix are asymptomatic and are discovered by chance when a woman, for one reason or another, consults a gynecologist. Often such unpleasant "discoveries" happen when expectant mothers come to register. In such a situation, questions inevitably arise: is it possible to conduct a biopsy of the cervix during pregnancy and is an interesting position a contraindication to the procedure.

This procedure is undesirable after conception. A biopsy early in pregnancy increases the likelihood of miscarriage, and later in pregnancy can lead to premature birth. The risk of complications is lowest if the procedure is performed in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy.

Doctors explain the need to obtain results of a biopsy of the cervix during an interesting position by the seriousness of the situation. For example, when cancer cells are found, in some cases, pregnancy must be terminated in order to save a woman's life.

It is very important to listen to your doctor's opinion. If he insists on a biopsy, then this procedure is necessary. If in doubt, a woman can consult with other specialists, re-pass all the necessary smears and tests.

Sometimes the changes found in the tissues do not require immediate diagnosis. In such cases, the gynecologist may postpone the biopsy. The procedure is carried out several months after the birth of the child.

Preparing for a biopsy

This procedure can be called minor surgery. That is why it should be performed in the absence of infectious diseases from the reproductive system. Before the procedure, the doctor takes a smear and examines it for the presence of pathological microorganisms. If the result is negative, then a biopsy is prescribed for the next few days.

No special preparation is required for the procedure. Experts only recommend that before the biopsy (within 24 hours) do not have sex, do not use vaginal tampons and suppositories, and refrain from douching. A tissue sample is taken after the end of menstruation so that the wound surface heals until the next menstruation (this process takes about 10-14 days).

Features of the medical procedure

Do not believe those people who say that a cervical biopsy is painful. During the procedure, a woman can only feel unpleasant stretching, but no more. The reason for their appearance is the contractions of the uterus. In this way, the internal organ reacts to irritation of the nerve cells. No pain arises. There are no pain receptors in the tissues of the cervix.

For the procedure, the patient is placed in a gynecological chair. A biopsy can only be performed by a qualified gynecologist. With the help of a gynecological speculum, the walls of the vagina are moved apart. A specialist examines the cervix. A tissue sample is taken from abnormal sites.

Depending on the instruments used, the biopsy is divided into:

• radio wave;
• looped;
• knife;
• sighting.

Radio wave a cervical biopsy is performed using a special radio knife. With this type of procedure, the cervix is ​​not severely damaged. The likelihood of complications is minimal.

At loopback biopsies, also called electrosurgical biopsies, exfoliate tissue samples from suspicious sites. For this, a special tool is used in the form of a loop. An electric current passes through it.

For biopsy can be used surgical scalpel ... No radio waves or current are passed through it. This type of medical procedure is called a cervical knife biopsy (or cold knife biopsy).

The next kind of procedure is sighting ... The doctor collects a "column" of tissue, which contains all the necessary layers of cells to study and make an accurate diagnosis. A targeted cervical biopsy requires a special needle.

After the procedure, regardless of its type, there may be slight brownish discharge or moderate bleeding. Do not be afraid of this. As a rule, the discharge gradually decreases and stops after the healing of the part of the cervix from which the doctor took the tissue sample.

Possible complications

After the biopsy, complications in the form of infections and bleeding occur in some cases. You need to see a doctor if:

• the body temperature has risen above 37.5 degrees;
• discharge from the vagina, characterized by a strange shade and smell;
• profuse bleeding after the biopsy procedure;
• there is a sharp pain in the lower abdomen;
• spotting is observed for a long time after the procedure (more than 7 days).

Bleeding is the most common complication. It occurs due to damage to the cervical vessels. A more rare complication is infection of the place of the cervix from which the doctor took the tissue sample.

As a rule, this happens due to non-observance of the rules of personal hygiene. A woman's body temperature rises, purulent discharge from the vagina appears, and discomfort occurs.

Recommendations to follow after the procedure

In order to avoid complications after a cervical biopsy, the following simple rules must be followed:

1. Use only pads, not tampons;
2. Do not douche;
3. Go to the shower (you will have to give up the bath for a while);
4. Do not swim in pools;
5. Do not visit baths and saunas;
6. Do not lift weights (weighing more than 3 kg), exclude physical activity;
7. Refuse intimate relationships for several days (the doctor will tell you the exact period);
8. Do not use aspirin (this medicine makes the blood thinner and prevents blood clots from forming).

By following the above simple recommendations, the healing process will be greatly accelerated. The recovery period can last for several days. In some cases, it is equal to several weeks.

What complications can a woman experience after a uterine biopsy? Why do they appear and is it possible to do without consequences by agreeing to carry out such a manipulation? These and other questions should be addressed to the gynecologist who ordered the procedure.

Collapse

But do not be upset if the conversation with the doctor did not take place for one reason or another. There are a number of complications that are most commonly diagnosed in women who have had uterine biopsies.

Possible complications

A cervical biopsy is a diagnostic test. The procedure allows you to collect biological material, send it to the laboratory for research and get the result. The procedure is very laborious, but effective, since it allows you to:

1. Diagnose the presence of cancer.
2. Recognize pathology at an early stage of development.
3. See erosive changes

Important: Research is carried out in order to recognize the presence of pathological changes and to give the patient the correct diagnosis.

Signs of pathology

The consequences after a biopsy are different, it is worth noting that they occur quite rarely, among the most common complications are:

• the occurrence of discomfort in the lower abdomen;
• pain when urinating (rarely occurs);
• bloody discharge from the genital tract.

Unpleasant sensations in the lower abdomen occur due to manipulation. Mucous or other tissues are taken for examination, which implies a certain trauma to the tissues, as a result of which unpleasant sensations appear. Over time (14–21 days), the discomfort will go away, during which time the body will recover.

A sharp pain during urination worries women extremely rarely. It occurs for several reasons. It is not considered a pathological phenomenon and passes quickly enough. If in the process of collecting biological material, dilators were used, then this leads to muscle spasm, as a result of which pain syndrome appears.

Discharge mixed with blood is nominally not considered a sign of pathology. They appear empty, that the tissues are exposed to a certain effect, they are damaged, capillaries and blood vessels suffer from this, blood appears.

1. Impossible.
2. No lumps or streaks.

Attention! The discharge should not have an unpleasant odor, otherwise their appearance is regarded as a sign of a pathological process.

Anxiety symptoms

• the temperature has risen;
• there was severe pain in the lower abdomen;
• there was nausea, weakness;
• discharge is profuse;
• clots, streaks, a large amount of mucus come out along with the blood;
• dizziness, weakness appeared.

What can provoke the development of pathology:

1. Infection.
2. Inflammatory process.
3. Excessive tissue trauma.
4. Increased intrauterine pressure.

To deal with what led to the appearance of pathological symptoms, a timely visit to the doctor will help.

Otherwise, there is a high risk of developing:

• inflammation of the body of the uterus;
• inflammation of the fallopian tubes;
• inflammation of the cervical canal (cervicosis);
• inflammation of the endometrial mucosa.

The appearance of pathological symptoms is certainly associated with inflammation or infection. In this case, it is necessary to visit a doctor as soon as possible and pass all the necessary tests. If the disease is not treated, then after a short period of time it will turn into a chronic form, in which case it will be much more difficult to get rid of the unpleasant symptoms of the disease.

Chronic inflammation of the uterus or fallopian tubes will lead to infertility, as the long course of the disease leads to the formation of adhesions.

Heavy bleeding is considered the most dangerous. Blood loss must be stopped as soon as possible, otherwise there is a high risk of developing severe anemia, up to and including death.

For this reason, with the appearance of drenching bleeding, it is worth:

1. See a doctor as soon as possible.
2. Take hemostatic drugs.
3. Put ice on the abdomen.

This is first aid that will help reduce blood loss, but you should not try to cope with the problem on your own, as this is fraught with serious complications.

How to recover from a uterine biopsy?

Recovery after the procedure takes a certain amount of time. It takes place in 2 stages. A woman can fully recover after the procedure and conceive a child in 6 months. If no complications are found after a cervical biopsy.

Pregnancy after a previously performed biopsy is possible only after six months, not earlier. Since it takes a certain time to restore the mucous layer. When the endometrium is fully restored to it can attach the ovum, if this does not happen, the chances of conception are not so high.

To avoid complications will help:

• compliance with the rules of personal hygiene;
• following the recommendations of a specialist;
• the use of prescribed drugs in the prescribed manner.

There are a number of tips to help you recover faster, in order to cope with the consequences of a biopsy you need:

1. Refuse to use tampons, give preference to pads.
2. Do not use a contraceptive candle in the treatment of gynecological diseases.
3. Do not drink aspirin (it thins the blood, can provoke the development of bleeding).
4. Not having sex (sexual intercourse increases the risk of complications).

With regard to sexual intercourse, the restriction is imposed for a certain period of time. It all depends on the doctor's recommendations and the cell regeneration process.

Drugs

There are a number of medications that can be used after a biopsy, such drugs include:

• Ornidazole- it is produced in the form of tablets, it is used to treat various diseases of a gynecological nature, it is prescribed as part of the prevention of infectious diseases. The drug has antiprotozoal and anti-inflammatory effects.
• Genferon- These are suppositories that can be used for both vaginal and rectal administration. The preparation contains interferon alpha-2. Once in the body, this substance has an antiviral effect, activates the protective functions of the human immune system, and promotes the production of antibodies.
• Terzhinan- These are tablet suppositories that have a complex effect, have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antifungal effects. Normalize the state of the vaginal microflora.
• Betadine it is attributed as an antiseptic and disinfectant, it can be used both before the biopsy and after the completion of all manipulations.
• Depantol- produced in the form of a cream and suppositories, the drug contains Chlorhexidine and has a combined effect on the body. Helps to cope with inflammation and eliminate the likelihood of developing an infectious disease. And also the medication speeds up the metabolic processes.
• Galavit- available in the form of tablets and powder, it is considered an immunostimulant. It is used to accelerate the process of tissue regeneration, helps to cope with infections of various origins faster, and is part of complex therapy.

Diet

Particular attention should be paid to nutrition, adherence to the regime and refusal of certain foods will affect the recovery process.

To quickly cope with the consequences of the procedure, you will have to abandon:

1. Fatty and fried foods.
2. Salted, pickled and smoked products.
3. Eating fast food.
4. Drinking alcohol.

Leading a healthy lifestyle, following a diet and eating properly is necessary in order to reduce the likelihood of edema, avoid high blood pressure, etc.

• eat properly;
• eat only healthy foods.

This will help normalize metabolic processes in the body and speed up overall recovery. It is also worth going in for sports, but heavy physical activity is recommended to be avoided.

Traditional methods

The consequences of a cervical biopsy can be overcome in several ways, in addition to a healthy lifestyle and medications, there are certain herbs that will significantly reduce the recovery period.

1. Take a bath with chamomile and calendula.
2. Drink a decoction of echinacea.
3. Prepare an infusion of St. John's wort.

These herbs will help stabilize the body's work, their use will normalize the duration of the whole organism, and will improve the effectiveness of the general therapy carried out with the use of drugs.

Experts do not consider the use of herbal decoctions to be a full-fledged treatment, they perceive it only as an addition to conservative medicine.

A cervical biopsy is an invasive procedure that involves removing a small piece of tissue from the surface of an organ. The resulting tissue sample is sent to the laboratory for microscopic examination. The duration of the procedure, as well as its consequences, depend, first of all, on the chosen biopsy method. Most often, after a cervical biopsy, the patient can return to her normal daily routine immediately after the end of the procedure.

To speed up the regeneration processes after a cervical biopsy, you should follow the rules that will speed up recovery and avoid complications:

should refuse sexual intercourse. On average, the limit is valid for a week, but in some cases it can be longer. The limitation time depends on the selected biopsy type

it is required to exclude the use of vaginal suppositories;

for a week, a woman is better off not using tampons and preferring to pads.

A biopsy is a relatively uncomplicated procedure, it causes a minimum of discomfort and pain. After manipulation, minor pains of a spasmodic nature are permissible. To get rid of them, it is allowed to take pain relievers, for example, paracetamol and others.

During the rehabilitation period after a biopsy, a woman may experience minor vaginal bleeding or brownish discharge. These signs can appear in the period from 5 to 14 days. Doctors recommend refraining from any sexual activity and physical exertion until the symptoms disappear.

If the biopsy was carried out after examination with a colposcope and treatment of the cervix with a special solution, then within a few days after the manipulation, there may be a brownish discharge.

When should I see a doctor?

There are a number of symptoms that indicate the need to seek medical attention from a doctor. These include:

fever, fever;

significant vaginal bleeding (as intense as menstruation or more);

sharp pains in the lower abdomen.

In rare cases, yellowish discharge or with a pungent and unpleasant odor may appear. This could be a sign of a genital infection.

Additional procedures after biopsy

After manipulation, a second colposcopy procedure or appropriate therapy for cervical dysplasia (cellular abnormalities in the tissues of the cervix) may be necessary. The decision on the need for additional procedures is influenced by the result of the biopsy. If, nevertheless, treatment of dysplasia is required, then most often they resort to the following types of therapy:

radio wave coagulation, in which part of the tissue is removed from the surface of the cervix due to the use of special nozzles, to which radio wave radiation is transferred. The radio wave knife simultaneously cuts tissue, disinfects and coagulates the opening vessels. The tissues after its application are restored very quickly, there are no cicatricial changes and deformations of the walls of the neck.

non-contact argon plasma coagulation;

cryotherapy - the procedure is the freezing of the affected area of ​​the uterine cervix and leads to the destruction of cells of an abnormal nature;

laser therapy - involves getting rid of cellular abnormalities using a laser.

In extremely rare cases, a wedge resection of the cervix or a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be necessary after a biopsy.

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In some cases, after a pap test, examination on a gynecological chair, or a gynecologist may prescribe a diagnostic procedure such as a cervical biopsy. This study involves taking one or more samples of cervical tissue and their histological analysis to determine abnormalities, precancerous or cancerous degeneration of cells.

In order for such a diagnostic method to give the most reliable results, it is necessary to determine the indications and contraindications for its implementation, choose the correct date for its implementation and a type of tissue sampling technique. Before the procedure, a woman must undergo the necessary training, the correctness of which will also determine the reliability of the analysis.

In this article, we will introduce you to the indications, contraindications, methods of preparing and performing a cervical biopsy.

Indications

If, during a colposcopy, the doctor discovers changes on the cervix, it is possible that, in order to clarify the diagnosis, he will prescribe a biopsy to the patient.

The gynecologist can prescribe the performance of such a diagnostic procedure for any suspicion of pathological changes in the tissues of the cervix.

Most often, a biopsy is prescribed in the following clinical cases:

• questionable or negative results (smear for cytology);
• presence on the cervix, warts, polyps;
• identification of suspicious changes during colposcopy (atypical vessels, iodine-negative areas, rough mosaic and punctuation, acetone epithelium, etc.).

Contraindications

Sometimes a cervical biopsy cannot be performed until certain contraindications have been eliminated:

• infectious and inflammatory processes in the genitals;
• disorders in the blood coagulation system;
• menstruation.

Pregnancy can be another relative contraindication to biopsy. In such cases, this diagnostic procedure is not always carried out.

When to do a cervical biopsy during pregnancy

When pathological changes in the tissues of the cervix are detected during pregnancy, the decision to take a biopsy is always made individually.

In the early (before 12 weeks) or later stages, such a procedure may be unsafe and cause miscarriage or premature delivery. That is why gynecologists usually recommend performing tissue sampling in the second trimester of pregnancy, when the risk of such complications becomes lowest.

If other studies show that the identified pathological foci in the tissues of the cervix do not require immediate diagnosis, then a biopsy can be performed already in the postpartum period. In such cases, the study is carried out 6 weeks after delivery.

Types of cervical biopsies

Cervical tissue sampling can be performed using different methods. The choice of this or that method depends on the preliminary diagnosis and a number of other parameters, and some of the biopsy techniques are not only diagnostic, but also therapeutic procedures.

There are several types of cervical biopsies:

1. Sighting (or puncture)... This technique is the most common and is performed during colposcopy. The most suspicious tissue sites are taken for analysis. To obtain them, a special biopsy needle is used, which is capable of holding a column of tissue in itself. This procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis and does not require spinal, epidural or general anesthesia. During the procedure, the patient feels only a slight tingling sensation or some pressure, which passes in just 5-10 seconds.
2. Conchotomous... This type of biopsy is almost no different from a puncture biopsy, but a conchote (an instrument resembling scissors in its appearance) is used to perform it. The procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis, and local anesthesia is used for pain relief. After taking material for analysis, a woman may have spotting for some time.
3. Loop (or electrosurgical, electro excision)... During such a procedure, the altered areas of the cervical tissue are, as it were, peeled off using an instrument similar in shape to a loop. An electric current passes through it, which ensures the separation of the necessary tissues. The procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis after a local anesthetic. It is believed that this type of biopsy is capable of distorting the results of the analysis, since “charred” particles are present in the collected tissues. After taking a sample of the material in this way, healing takes place for a long time and the patient may experience bloody discharge from the vagina for several weeks. In addition, some experts do not recommend carrying out this procedure for women planning a pregnancy in the future, since after tissue collection on the cervix, cicatricial changes can form that interfere with the normal conception or bearing of the fetus.
4. Wedge-shaped (or knife, widened, cold-knife, conization of the cervix)... This procedure is performed using a conventional surgical scalpel. A small triangular piece of the cervix is ​​taken as a tissue sample. The incisions are made in such a way that the most suspicious layers of this part of the uterus are taken for analysis. This method of sampling material can be not only diagnostic, but also therapeutic. It is always performed in a hospital setting, since it requires the use of sufficient anesthesia (general anesthesia, spinal or epidural anesthesia). After the intervention, the woman can be discharged the same or the next day. Over the next few weeks, she may feel mild pain in the lower abdomen and observe bloody discharge of varying degrees of abundance from the vagina.
5. Circular (or circular)... This method is a type of cervical conization and is performed using a scalpel or radio wave knife. During the intervention, a large area of ​​tissue is taken with the obligatory capture of a part of the cervical canal. This method can be prescribed for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is performed under general anesthesia, spinal or epidural anesthesia in a hospital setting. As well as after conization of the cervix, a woman for several weeks after the procedure may feel pain in the lower abdomen and observe bloody discharge of varying degrees of abundance from the vagina.
6. Radio wave... This technique is performed using a radio wave knife of the Surgitron apparatus and does not leave significant damage to the cervix. After taking the tissues, a woman may experience slight bloody discharge, but they stop after 2-3 days. Such a procedure rarely causes complications and scarring does not remain on the organ. Often this type of biopsy is recommended for women who are still planning a pregnancy.
7. Laser... Sampling of tissues for analysis is carried out using a laser knife in a hospital setting, since general anesthesia is required to perform such an intervention. This technique rarely causes any complications, is low-traumatic and does not need long-term rehabilitation (bleeding stops in the first days after the procedure).
8. Endocervical curettage... This biopsy technique is somewhat different from the previous ones, since it involves curettage of the cervical canal. Thanks to this manipulation, it is possible to obtain tissues directly from the cervical canal to identify atypical cells in them. The procedure can be performed after performing intravenous anesthesia.

What day of the menstrual cycle is the biopsy taken?

The biopsy is performed on the 5-7th day of the menstrual cycle, immediately after the end of menstruation.

The first days are considered the most favorable days for tissue collection - 5-7 days from the first day of menstruation, immediately after their completion. Experts recommend performing a biopsy on these days so that the tissue damage formed after the procedure has time to completely heal before the next monthly bleeding begins.

What tests need to be done before performing a biopsy

Harvesting of cervical tissue is an invasive procedure and after it is performed, damage remains on the surface of the organ, which can become an entrance gate for infection or a source of bleeding. To exclude such complications of biopsy, a woman is assigned a number of diagnostic tests:

• clinical blood test;
• coagulogram;
• tests for detecting infections: smear for microflora, analysis for latent infection, blood tests for hepatitis, syphilis and HIV;
• smear for cytology.

How to properly prepare for a biopsy

To obtain the most reliable research results and prevent complications when preparing for a biopsy, a woman should follow a number of rules:

1. Give up sex 2 days before the procedure.
2. For 2-3 days before the study, stop douching, do not use tampons and do not inject medications into the vagina.
3. If it is necessary to perform local anesthesia, conduct a test to identify a possible allergic reaction to the anesthetic used.
4. If it is necessary to perform general anesthesia, consult an anesthesiologist and, if necessary, follow his recommendations (additional studies, taking a sedative the day before the procedure, etc.).
5. Take a hygienic shower before the procedure.
6. If general anesthesia is planned, then the last meal and fluid intake should take place 8-12 hours before the procedure.
7. Sign the consent documents for the biopsy.

What types of pain relief are used to perform the procedure

The intensity of pain during a cervical biopsy depends on the following parameters:

• method of performing the tissue collection procedure;
• the level of pain sensitivity of the patient;
• the amount of invasive intervention.

If there is only one small focus for tissue sampling, anesthesia may not be performed, since there are no pain receptors on the cervix. If a more extensive invasive intervention is planned or the patient is very sensitive to pain, worried or nervous, then local anesthetics can be used to eliminate painful sensations. Such drugs are applied to the cervix as a spray or injected into its tissues. In addition, a woman is advised to relax while taking tissue. This condition reduces the likelihood of cramping uterine contractions and makes the pain less noticeable.

Some biopsies may require general anesthesia, epidural, or spinal anesthesia. In such cases, the woman should consult an anesthesiologist. If necessary, this specialist can prescribe additional diagnostic studies (ECG, analyzes, etc.), which will allow him to assess the general state of health and select the most appropriate drugs for safe pain relief.

How the research is done

How you perform a cervical biopsy will depend on the technique your doctor chooses. After the appointment of a particular procedure, he must necessarily familiarize the patient with the basic principles of its implementation.

Biopsy of the cervix on an outpatient basis

If the procedure is performed in a polyclinic, it will not be performed with spinal, epidural or general anesthesia.

The biopsy will be done as follows:

1. The patient lies down on a gynecological chair as for a routine examination.
2. A speculum is inserted into the vagina and a bright light is directed to the cervix.
3. If necessary, it is carried out (irrigation of the cervix with a solution of local anesthetic or its introduction in the form of an injection).
4. A sample of suspicious tissue areas is taken and the resulting material is sent to the laboratory for histological analysis.
5. After completing the procedure, the patient can go home.

The duration of such a procedure is no more than half an hour. After its completion, the specialist appoints the date of the next examination, gives the patient recommendations about some restrictions and introduces the symptoms, in the event of which she should consult a doctor.

Biopsy of the cervix in a hospital setting

If a woman is prescribed a type of biopsy, which must be performed after spinal, epidural, or intravenous anesthesia, then she will need hospitalization for 1-2 days. The procedure is performed in an operating room on a gynecological chair.

After performing spinal or epidural anesthesia, the woman is conscious, but does not feel the lower half of the body, and after general anesthesia, she falls asleep. Depending on the clinical case, the duration of such an intervention can be from 40 minutes to 1.5 hours.

After the biopsy is completed, the patient should remain under medical supervision for several hours or until the next morning. After that, in the absence of complications, she is discharged and will have to follow a number of medical recommendations. At discharge, the doctor will schedule the next check-up.

After the procedure

Some women experience mild pain in the lower abdomen and vagina for several days after a cervical biopsy.

If the biopsy was performed in a polyclinic, then the woman is given a sick leave for 1-2 days. When carrying out the procedure in a hospital, a certificate of incapacity for work is usually issued for 7-10 days. The results of the study are obtained in 10-14 days, and the next appointment and examination by a gynecologist is carried out in 4-6 weeks.

After a biopsy, almost all women have vaginal bleeding. Their duration and abundance depends on the method of material sampling used. After performing radio wave, laser, puncture or conchotomous biopsy, there is an abundant discharge, which stops after 2-3 days. If a woman has undergone a wedge-shaped, circular, or loop biopsy, then the discharge is observed for several weeks. In the first days, they are quite abundant and resemble discharge during menstruation, and then they become smearing.

After the biopsy procedure, tampons should not be inserted and only pads should be used. Sometimes special solutions are used during the biopsy. In such cases, the discharge may be brown or greenish over several days. This should not scare the woman.

In addition, after such an examination for several days, some women may feel minor pains in the lower abdomen or in the vagina. To eliminate them, you do not need to take an analgesic, and soon they are eliminated on their own.

After performing a biopsy, a woman should follow the following doctor's recommendations:

1. Refrain from physical activity and sexual intercourse. At a minimum, this limitation should be observed during the first 14 days, but depending on the method of sampling material for research, the period may be different. More precisely, the duration of these restrictions will be determined by the doctor.
2. Do not use tampons, vaginal dosage forms (suppositories, creams, tablets, etc.) and do not douche.
3. Do not take a bath, do not visit saunas, baths, swimming pools. For hygiene purposes, only use the shower.
4. Do not lift weights over 3 kg.

When to see a doctor right away

In some cases, after taking a biopsy, a woman may bleed or develop an infectious complication. The reason for an immediate visit to a doctor should be the appearance of the following symptoms:

• profuse bleeding (blood is scarlet or dark with clots);
• discharge is similar in abundance to menstruation, lasts more than 7 days;
• not abundant, but prolonged spotting for more than 2-3 weeks;
• the appearance of yellowish discharge with an unpleasant odor;
• temperature rise above 37.5 ° C;
• intense pain in the lower abdomen or vagina.

Possible complications

In most cases, there are no undesirable consequences after conchotomy, puncture, laser and radio wave biopsies. After a loop, circular, or conical biopsy, scarring may remain on the cervix. In some cases, they can become an obstacle to future conception and normal pregnancy.

A cervical biopsy is one of the gynecological research methods in which a small area of ​​tissue is excised from the cervix and subsequently examined under a microscope for diagnostic purposes. How quickly sex is likely after a cervical biopsy is a question of concern to all women.

This method is considered the most reliable for suspected cervical dysplasia or cancer. Additional studies are practically not required, the results of the biopsy are final, thanks to them the gynecologist is able to establish the nature of the pathology and prescribe adequate treatment.

But do not worry in advance and make yourself non-existent diagnoses if the gynecologist has prescribed a biopsy. Often, experts recommend a biopsy in the presence of any abnormal changes in the cervix (erosion, polyps, condylomas, leukoplakia, as well as with positive smear results for cytology).

Experts consider the second week of the menstrual cycle (7-14 days) to be the most appropriate time for a cervical biopsy. It must be remembered - in order to avoid complications, a couple of days before the time when a biopsy of the cervix of the uterus is prescribed, sex must be excluded, do not use tampons, do not douche and do not inject any drugs into the vagina.

Specialists call contraindications to a cervical biopsy: acute inflammatory diseases (in this case, it is tolerated until the end of the treatment of inflammatory processes) and poor blood clotting.

Cervical biopsy techniques

A cervical biopsy is performed by a qualified specialist in a gynecological chair. With gynecological mirrors, the walls of the vagina are pushed apart and tissue is taken from abnormal places. Depending on the instrumentation used, biopsy is divided into the following types:

• Radio wave method. The biopsy is performed using a special "radio knife". When using this method, there is practically no pronounced tissue damage. Anesthesia is not applied. Complications after biopsy with this method are uncommon. Bloody discharge is virtually absent after a radio wave biopsy of the cervix is ​​applied. Sex is recommended no earlier than ten days after the procedure.
• Electrosurgical method. The biopsy is done with a special instrument, similar to a snare. With this instrument, abnormal areas of the cervix are exfoliated using an electric current. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia. Bloody discharge can be observed for several more weeks. Gynecologists recommend excluding sex after a biopsy of the cervix for at least a month.
• Surgical method (knife biopsy). This biopsy is performed using a conventional surgical scalpel. Mandatory anesthesia is used (sometimes general anesthesia, more often epidural or spinal). Since not only abnormal areas are removed, but also healthy ones, this method is also called an extensive biopsy of the cervix. Sex is excluded until the bleeding stops completely, in some cases up to several weeks.
• Colposcopic method (targeted biopsy). The use of this method is considered the safest in the diagnosis of a variety of dysplasias and cancers. For excision of a small area of ​​tissue, a needle is used, which the gynecologist inserts at a certain depth, thereby sampling all the necessary layers of tissue. Does not require pain relief. Bloody vaginal discharge may appear within two to three days after a cervical biopsy has been performed. It is recommended to exclude sex for at least ten days.

After the biopsy, in order to avoid complications, some recommendations should be followed:

• do not use tampons;
• do not take a bath, do not visit the pool and sauna, bath;
• exclude sex after a biopsy of the cervix for a period determined by the doctor;
• exclude physical activity (gym, fitness, etc.);
• do not take medications, do not douche, do not use aspirin without a doctor's recommendation.

If these recommendations are not followed, there is a risk of some complications: infection, bleeding, or the appearance of unusual discharge (sometimes with a smell). They are easily eliminated with timely access to a gynecologist. The healing and recovery period can last from two days to several weeks, its duration directly depends on the patient.

So, sex plays an important role in a person's life, but most importantly, will it harm in this case? A cervical biopsy is a surgical procedure and complications are possible. Most gynecologists recommend eliminating intimate relationships for at least ten days, even if there is no bleeding from the vagina. During sex, wound infection can occur with all the ensuing consequences, so it is best to follow the recommendations of doctors, waiting for full recovery.