Sight parallax - what is it and is “damn” so scary? Measuring shooting distance using parallax correction, or What is parallax? What is parallax on an optical sight.

Many questions arise in hunting circles about this word. Novice hunters who have waited for the “pink” one buy a rifled carbine and an accompanying optic for it, but not everyone understands the technical aspects of how to install an optical sight, how to shoot, and even how to choose the right optical sight, let alone the complex concepts of the sight itself and how to work with it. After a certain time, experience and “bumps” on the head, a novice hunter or shooter becomes a specialist or professional. But in a hurry, or in joy, they buy an optical sight, and then with disappointment they want to return it back, due to a lack of information or insufficient consultation on this narrow issue...

My scope is bad, it is out of focus, the image is poor, nothing can be seen clearly, etc... having heard or read pieces of information about the need for a scope with parallax adjustment, that he really needs it, or that it is the best . Let's try to expand on this topic a little, once again.

Let's turn to the network: PARALLAX or PARALLAX ERROR.

Wikipedia briefly tells us what parallax is and types of parallax.
Parallax(Greek παραλλάξ, from παραλλαγή, “change, alternation”) - a change in the apparent position of an object relative to a distant background depending on the position of the observer.
Types of parallax: Temporal - Daily, Yearly, Secular, parallax in Photography (Videofinder), Stereoscopic and Rangefinder parallax. OUR topic concerns the parallax of the video scope (sight) - this is not the height of the sight axis above the barrel axis, but the error in the distance between the shooter and the target.

What do they write on third-party sites close to our topics?

Parallax- This is the apparent movement of the target relative to the reticle as the head moves up and down as you look through the scope's eyepiece. This occurs when the target is not hit on the same plane as the reticle. To eliminate parallax, some scopes have an adjustable lens or a wheel on the side. The shooter adjusts the front or side mechanism while looking at both the reticle and the target. When both the reticle and the target are in sharp focus, the scope is at its maximum magnification, the scope is said to be free of parallax.

Parallax is the apparent shift of the target image relative to the reticle image if the eye moves away from the center of the eyepiece. This occurs due to the fact that the target image is not focused exactly in the focal plane of the reticle.

Parallax is called the apparent displacement of the observed object due to the movement of the shooter’s eye in any direction; it appears as a result of a change in the angle at which the object was visible before the shooter’s eye moved. As a result of the apparent displacement of the aiming pin or crosshair, an error in aiming is obtained; this parallax error is the so-called parallax.

From all this it is clear that optical sight parallax- this is a value associated with the focusing of the sight. Simply put, when YOU look into an optical sight that is aimed at some object, and when you move your head (the axis of the eye), the crosshair deviates from the aiming point and moves along the target. It can also be said that sight parallax is the internal focusing of the sight on some object at a certain distance.

Everyone who has ever taken photographs has encountered the parallax effect.. When you photograph, for example, friends against the background of some object (monument), which is located at a decent distance from you and your friends, and the camera focuses either on your friends or on the monument... then you get a photograph, either with friends in focus and a blurry monument, or with a monument in focus, but with blurry friends, especially if you have a camera lens with a large depth of field. The focusing principle of a camera lens is based on focusing the human pupil. When photographing, you end up with two planes, friends and a monument; if you move a little or sway from side to side, the planes will shift relative to each other and you. If my friends come close to the monument (they stand in the same plane), then the focus will be the same, i.e. if you move (change position), the focus will not change and there will be no “OUT OF FOCUS”, and the photograph will be clear with all participants.

So in the sight you also have two planes, a plane with a crosshair, and a plane with a target, and in the role of a camera, your pupil, if you focus on the target, the crosshair will not be clear, if you focus on the crosshair, then the target will be blurred, as if not focused. It is necessary to ensure that the crosshair and the target are in clear focus, and when your pupil moves, the planes of the target and the crosshair do not shift relative to each other, i.e. the crosshair did not move on the target.

First we need to talk about sights. Sights are divided into two types, with and without parallax adjustment.

Sights without parallax adjustment have an internal lens focusing at a distance of about 100 meters (90-150m), or as they say with a fixed parallax at 100 yards or meters. In such sights, the target plane is ideally focused at a distance of 100 meters from the shooter, and when nodding the head, the crosshair is motionless. If the target is moved to a distance of 40 meters, or 300-400 meters, then you will also see the reticle in focus, and the target will be a little blurry, and when you nod your head, the crosshair will move a little.

Basically, there is no parallax adjustment in sights for shooting at short and medium distances, where shooting is meant at distances of up to 600-800 meters. In hunting scopes, for standard hunting...shooting at distances of up to 300-500 meters is already considered decent, and parallax adjustment is not needed at all. Why? Because the error in bullet deflection at maximum parallax error at such distances is measured in millimeters, more precisely 20-40 mm, the deviation of the bullet from the aiming point. Objects of modern hunting are much larger in size, and even with the maximum parallax error, you will find yourself in the killing zone of any animal at a distance of 400-500 meters. The only discomfort may be in the perception of the target; the further away the shooting object is, the worse the clarity, even with maximum optical zoom.

Sights with parallax adjustment have an additional drum on the control unit or a ring on the lens. Such a drum (parallax adjustment drum) is usually located on the left side of the sight settings unit, but it can also be on top, it’s called ( SF- Side Focusing - side focusing). Additional accessories are installed on it to fine-tune the focus, in the form of rings of different diameters.

Parallax adjustment can be located on the sight lens, in the form of a wide ring, called such a ring ( A.O.- Adjustable Objective - adjustable objective or adjustable lens), but sometimes the abbreviation (AO) simply refers to the presence of an internal focusing adjustment of the lens.
Sights with parallax adjustment are designed for shooting at long and ultra-long distances, when the accuracy of the shot is affected by every millimeter of parallax adjustment, corrections for wind, atmospheric pressure, ambient temperature, altitude and much more. Shooting at such distances is more of a sport than a hunt, or a sniper’s prerogative. Of course, there are also hunting scopes with parallax adjustment, especially for hunting on the plains or in the mountains, when hunting without powerful optics (binoculars, scope, rangefinder, scope) is unthinkable, and sometimes you spend more than one hour preparing for an accurate shot.

On the lens (AO)

On the lens (AO)

On the settings node (SF)

On the settings node (SF)

In inexpensive red dot sights parallax fixed at 40-50 meters, since targeted shooting with the help of these sights is carried out at a limited distance of up to 100 meters. If you take collimator sights for rifled weapons, then the parallax effect is usually absent or reduced to a minimum error (Aimpoint and EOTech), and you can shoot accurately at distances of over 100 meters.

Parallax in red dot sights, is also present, but this topic is calmer, unlike optical sights. There is no parallax adjustment in collimators; it is either absent or fixed, it all depends on the brand. Here the question of functionality comes to the fore, why do YOU ​​need a red dot sight? For a pistol, shotgun, or rifled carbine.

In motion, parallax means a change in the location of an object against some background relative to an observer who is in place. This term has gained popularity on the Internet. In particular, a website with dynamic elements in its design looks interesting. Parallax is a way of designing a page on the Internet, used by webmasters to attract a large number of visitors.

What is parallax like?

Parallax scrolling can be used vertically as well as in a straight line. The best example is Nintendo. Many of us remember with nostalgia computer games represented by the movement of the main characters from the left side of the screen to the right. It is also possible to move downwards along a vertical straight line. often used on the web. To create a vertical slider, you can use JavaScript or CSS 3.

They are characterized by the described three-dimensional spatial effect. The game creators used several background layers. They differ in texture, and movement occurs at different speeds.

Don't think that parallax is only about creating a 3D effect. You can move existing icons on the page. Moreover, it looks quite attractive. A particularly good option is to use an individual trajectory for each of them. In this case, different icons are used, moving along different trajectories. This design attracts attention.

Picture coming to life

It's hard to find a site without images. High-quality and demonstrative drawings attract visitors. But the most attention is drawn to various kinds of dynamic images. Indeed, if there is movement when visiting a site, it attracts attention. The likelihood of a resource visitor returning to a dynamic image increases significantly. Did it seem like it was moving or not? Therefore, to attract visitors to the site, it is worth studying such a concept as the parallax effect.

Examples of sites with moving images:

• hvorostovsky.com;
• www.kagisointeractive.com.

As shown in the examples, the perception is improved by a menu that drops down into sub-items. This element saves time for visitors and is therefore attractive to them.

jQuery library

The term jQueryParallax defines the library of the same name. Thanks to it, it is easy to achieve the effect of movement in 3D format. jQuery creates 3D perception in a variety of ways. One of them is to move background objects horizontally at the same time at different speeds. This library is characterized by the presence of a large number of different kinds of properties. And the displacement described here represents only a small part of its capabilities.

The site looks quite attractive, for the creation of which various modern elements were used. One of them is parallax. Example sites might look like this:

• www.grabandgo.pt;
• www.fishy.com.br;
• www.noleath.com;
• buysellwebsite.com.

jParallax is represented by layers that move with mouse movement. Dynamic elements are characterized by absolute ;). Each of them is characterized by its own size and movement at an individual speed. This can be text or an image (at the request of the resource creators).

Site visitor perception

After this, a person usually pays attention to the fact that the page is designed efficiently, conveniently and competently. This fact usually commands respect. Sometimes curiosity arises to try other elements. There are a huge number of identical sites on the Internet. How to make your resource special?

If you like the design, the visitor will stay for a longer period. Thus, the likelihood that he will be attracted by the posted information increases and he will show interest. As a result, the person will take advantage of the service, product or promotional offer offered.

Favorite old games

The concept of “parallax” should be familiar to all fans of consoles of the 80s and 90s. This applies to games:

1. Mario Bros.
2. Mortal Kombat.
3. Streets of Rage.
4. Moon Patrol.
5. Turtles in Time.

That is, parallax is a technique that has been used for a fairly long period. These games are indeed remembered with some nostalgia. After all, they seem to be imbued with the character of that period.

The images on the screen are created using a technique called parallax scrolling. It is not surprising that this technique has gained well-deserved popularity. This design concept is quite warmly perceived by those who played in the 80-90s or watched their friends’ leisure time.

Parallax scrolling

Marketers of the world's leading brands have long been using various kinds of technical advances. Thus, it becomes possible to interest even a casual site visitor.

Parallax scrolling was used quite successfully by Nike. The company's original website was developed by designers Weiden and Kennedy. But this design was not preserved. The resource was gradually updated in accordance with modern trends. Activatedrinks.com is an example of a site whose design is reminiscent of the design used by Nike marketers from this period.

There shouldn't be too much dynamics

Do not forget that the design of the site is often the key criterion that guides the visitor. A poorly executed resource usually leaves the user with the impression that the owner company is not serious. But a website with various kinds of attractive design elements indicates the desire of the organization’s owners to interest visitors.

Here it is worth remembering about parallax. This is a wonderful tool. But even they shouldn’t get too carried away. Because a page on which there is a large number of different kinds of moving elements is quite difficult to understand. It is best to make the design moderately stylish and understandable.

Individual elements that require highlighting should be dynamic. There may also be a drawing that is created using layers moving relative to one another. Do not forget that a custom website is designed primarily for visitors. It should not be a masterpiece of a webmaster who has invested all his knowledge. After all, such an approach will only complicate perception.

How to create a movement on the site

How to make parallax? This question interests many website creators. It is not necessary to know the intricacies of writing tags. It is very convenient to use special resources on the Internet. From the large number of available proposals, the following assistants can be distinguished:

1. Plax is a program that is quite easy to use. It tends to give the page movement by moving the mouse.
2. jQuery Parallax Image Slider - jQuery plugin used to create image sliders.
3. Jquery Image Parallax - suitable for designing transparent pictures. Through his use of PNG, GIFs gain depth while being brought to life by movement.
4. Curtain.js is used to create a page equipped with fixed panels. In this case, the effect of opening the curtains is observed.
5. Scrolling Parallax: A jQuery Plugin is to create a parallax effect when scrolling the mouse wheel.

Some more useful plugins

As you know, information has the greatest value. And the greater the number of ways to achieve what you want is known, the closer the probability of obtaining the right result. Useful plugins used to create dynamics:

1. jQuery Scroll Path - used to place objects on a specified path.
2. Scrollorama is a jQuery plugin. It is used as a tool for attractive design of the material. Thanks to convenient scrolling, it allows you to “revive” the text on the page.
3. Scrolldeck is a jQuery plugin. It is an excellent solution used as a presentation for websites designed as one page.
4. jParallax represents the movement of layers depending on the movement of the mouse pointer.
5. Stellar.js is a plugin with which any element is designed with the addition of a parallax scrolling effect.

Parallax with cursor snapping

This parallax looks quite impressive. Objects on a site page that seem motionless at first glance move when approached. It seems to come to life and follow the element being moved.

First you should stop at the drawing. The required image is placed in a frame, and its edges must be hidden. The method is very simple, and the resulting drawing looks quite attractive.

The parallax effect for a website is a wonderful design method. Its use indicates that due care was given to the creation of the resource. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to the services offered or information to read. Such sites look more advantageous against the background of identical, but simply designed resources.

Space is one of the most mysterious concepts in the world. If you look at the sky at night, you can see a myriad of stars. Yes, probably each of us has heard that there are more stars in the Universe than grains of sand in the Sahara. And scientists since ancient times have been reaching out to the night sky, trying to unravel the mysteries hidden behind this black void. Since ancient times, they have been improving methods for measuring cosmic distances and the properties of stellar matter (temperature, density, rotation speed). In this article we will talk about what stellar parallax is and how it is used in astronomy and astrophysics.

The phenomenon of parallax is closely related to geometry, but before we consider the geometric laws underlying this phenomenon, let’s plunge into the history of astronomy and figure out who and when discovered this property of the movement of stars and was the first to apply it in practice.

Story

Parallax as a phenomenon of changing the position of stars depending on the location of the observer has been known for a very long time. Galileo Galilei wrote about this in the distant Middle Ages. He only suggested that if it were possible to notice a change in parallax for distant stars, this would be evidence that the Earth revolves around the Sun, and not vice versa. And this was the absolute truth. However, Galileo was unable to prove this due to the insufficient sensitivity of the equipment at that time.

Closer to the present day, in 1837, Vasily Yakovlevich Struve conducted a series of experiments to measure the annual parallax for the star Vega, part of the constellation Lyra. Later, these measurements were recognized as unreliable when, in the year following Struve’s publication, 1838, Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel measured the annual parallax for the star 61 Cygni. Therefore, no matter how sad it may be, the priority of discovering the annual parallax still belongs to Bessel.

Today, parallax is used as the main method for measuring distances to stars and, with sufficiently accurate measuring equipment, gives results with minimal error.

We should move on to geometry before actually looking at what the parallax method is. And first, let’s remember the very basics of this interesting, although unloved by many, science.

Basics of geometry

So, what we need to know from geometry to understand the phenomenon of parallax is how the values ​​of the angles between the sides of a triangle and their lengths are related.

Let's start by imagining a triangle. It has three connecting straight lines and three angles. And for each different triangle there are different angles and side lengths. You cannot change the size of one or two sides of a triangle if the angles between them remain unchanged; this is one of the fundamental truths of geometry.

Let's imagine that we are faced with the task of finding out the lengths of two sides if we only know the length of the base and the size of the angles adjacent to it. This is possible with the help of one mathematical formula that connects the values ​​of the lengths of the sides and the values ​​of the angles lying opposite them. So, let's imagine that we have three vertices (you can take a pencil and draw them) forming a triangle: A, B, C. They form three sides: AB, BC, CA. Opposite each of them lies an angle: angle BCA opposite AB, angle BAC opposite BC, angle ABC opposite CA.

The formula that ties all these six quantities together is:

AB / sin(BCA) = BC / sin(BAC) = CA / sin(ABC).

As we see, everything is not entirely simple. We got the sine of angles from somewhere. But how do we find this sine? We will talk about this below.

Basics of trigonometry

Sine is a trigonometric function that determines the Y coordinate of an angle plotted on the coordinate plane. To show this clearly, they usually draw a coordinate plane with two axes - OX and OY - and mark points 1 and -1 on each of them. These points are located at the same distance from the center of the plane, so a circle can be drawn through them. So, we got the so-called unit circle. Now let's construct some segment with the beginning at the origin and the end at some point on our circle. The end of the segment, which lies on the circle, has certain coordinates on the OX and OY axes. And the values ​​of these coordinates will be cosine and sine, respectively.

We found out what a sine is and how it can be found. But in fact, this method is purely graphic and was created rather to understand the very essence of what trigonometric functions are. It can be effective for angles that do not have infinite rational cosine and sine values. For the latter, another method is more effective, which is based on the use of derivatives and binomial calculation. It is called the Taylor series. We will not consider this method because it is quite complicated to calculate in the head. After all, fast calculations are a job for computers that are designed for this. The Taylor series is used in calculators to calculate many functions, including sine, cosine, logarithm, and so on.

All this is quite interesting and addictive, but it’s time for us to move on and return to where we left off: the problem of calculating the values ​​of the unknown sides of a triangle.

Sides of a triangle

So, let's return to our problem: we know two angles and the side of the triangle to which these angles are adjacent. We only need to know one angle and two sides. Finding the angle seems to be the easiest: after all, the sum of all three angles of a triangle is equal to 180 degrees, which means you can easily find the third angle by subtracting the values ​​of two known angles from 180 degrees. And knowing the values ​​of all three angles and one of the sides, you can find the lengths of the other two sides. You can check this yourself using any of the triangles as an example.

Now let's finally talk about parallax as a way to measure the distance between stars.

Parallax

This, as we have already found out, is one of the simplest and most effective methods for measuring interstellar distances. Parallax is based on the change in the position of a star depending on its distance. For example, by measuring the angle of the apparent position of a star at one point in the orbit, and then at the one directly opposite it, we obtain a triangle in which the length of one side (the distance between opposite points of the orbit) and two angles are known. From here we can find the two remaining sides, each of which is equal to the distance from the star to our planet at different points in its orbit. This is the method by which the parallax of stars can be calculated. And not only stars. Parallax, the effect of which turns out to be very simple, despite this, is used in many of its variations in completely different areas.

In the following sections we will consider in more detail the areas of application of parallax.

Space

We have talked about this more than once, because parallax is an exceptional invention of astronomers, designed to measure distances to stars and other space objects. However, not everything is so simple here. After all, parallax is a method that has its own variations. For example, there are daily, annual and secular parallaxes. You can guess that they all differ in the amount of time that passes between the measurement stages. It cannot be said that increasing the time interval increases the accuracy of the measurement, because each type of this method has its own goals, and the accuracy of the measurements depends only on the sensitivity of the equipment and the selected distance.

Daily parallax

Daily parallax, the distance by which is determined using the angle between straight lines going to the star from two different points: the center of the Earth and a selected point on the Earth. Since we know the radius of our planet, it will not be difficult, using angular parallax, to calculate the distance to the star using the mathematical method we described earlier. Diurnal parallax is mainly used to measure nearby objects such as planets, dwarf planets or asteroids. For larger ones, use the following method.

Annual parallax

Annual parallax is still the same method of measuring distances, the only difference being that it is focused on measuring distances to stars. This is exactly the case of parallax that we considered in the example above. Parallax, with the help of which determination of the distance to a star can be quite accurate, must have one important feature: the distance from which the parallax is measured must be the greater the better. The annual parallax satisfies this condition: after all, the distance between the extreme points of the orbit is quite large.

Parallax, examples of the methods of which we have examined, certainly represents an important part of astronomy and serves as an indispensable tool in measuring distances to stars. But in fact, today they use only annual parallax, since daily parallax can be replaced by more advanced and faster echolocation.

Photo

Perhaps the most famous type of photographic parallax is binocular parallax. You've probably noticed it yourself. If you bring your finger to your eyes and close each eye in turn, you will notice that the angle of view of the object changes. The same thing happens when shooting close objects. Through the lens, we see the image from one angle, but in reality the photo will come out from a slightly different angle, since there is a difference in the distance between the lens and the viewfinder (the hole through which we look to take the photo).

Before we finish this article, a few words about how such a phenomenon as optical parallax can be useful and why it is worth learning more about it.

Why is this interesting?

To begin with, parallax is a unique physical phenomenon that allows us to easily learn a lot about the world around us and even about what is hundreds of light years away from it: after all, with the help of this phenomenon we can also calculate the sizes of stars.

As we have already seen, parallax is not such a distant phenomenon from us, it surrounds us everywhere, and with the help of it we see as it is. This is certainly interesting and exciting, and that is why it is worth paying attention to the parallax method, if only out of curiosity. Knowledge is never superfluous.

Conclusion

So, we have figured out what the essence of parallax is, why to determine the distance to the stars it is not necessary to have complex equipment, but only a telescope and knowledge of geometry, how it is used in our body and why it can be so important for us in everyday life. We hope the information presented was useful to you!

Parallax(Parallax, Greek. change, alternation) is a change in the apparent position of an object in relation to a distant background depending on the location of the observer. This term was primarily used for natural phenomena, in astronomy and geodesy. For example, this displacement of the sun relative to the pillar when reflected in water is parallax in nature.

In web design, the parallax effect or parallax scrolling is a special technique where the background image in perspective moves slower than the foreground elements. This technology is being used more and more often, as it looks really impressive and cool.

This effect of three-dimensional space is achieved using several layers, which are superimposed on each other and move at different speeds when scrolled. Using this technology, you can not only create an artificial three-dimensional effect, you can apply it to icons, images and other page elements.

Disadvantages of the parallax effect

The main disadvantage of parallax- these are problems with site performance. Everything looks beautiful and stylish, but the use of javascript / jQuery, with the help of which the parallax effect is created, greatly weighs down the page and greatly reduces its loading speed. This is because it is based on complex calculations: javascript has to control the position of each pixel on the screen. In some cases, the situation is further complicated by problems with cross-browser and cross-platform compatibility. Many developers recommend using the parallax effect on a maximum of two page elements.

Alternative solution

With the advent of CSS 3, the task has become a little easier. With its help, you can create a very similar effect, which will be much more economical in terms of resource consumption. The bottom line is that the site's content is placed on one page, and movement through subpages occurs using the CSS 3-transition method. This is the same parallax, but with some difference: the fact is that it is impossible to achieve movement at different speeds using only CSS 3. In addition, this standard is not supported by all modern browsers. Therefore, there are difficulties here too.

Conclusion

Although the parallax effect is popular, not everyone is in a hurry to use it when creating a website due to the problems mentioned above. Apparently, it just takes time for technology to overcome the difficulties that have arisen. In the meantime, this option can be used on one-page sites: this way it will definitely be remembered and will be able to retain the user.

Parallax in javascript

• jQuery-parallax scrolling effect - a plugin that binds the parallax effect to the movement of the mouse wheel
• Scrolldeck- plugin for creating parallax effect
• jParallax- turns page elements into absolutely positioned layers that move according to the mouse

Let's leave aside the physics of the parallax phenomenon (those who are interested will find where to read about it). The main thing is that it exists and makes life difficult for fans of pneumatics and crossbows. Not only is it inconvenient to aim, but also your accuracy suffers greatly.

This is what the displacement of the point of impact looks like when classical parallax “moons” appear.

Where does it even come from, who is to blame and what to do?

This is caused by the desire of airgunners and some crossbow shooters to acquire “cool” long-focal sights with high magnification. It is they who, at short distances (typical for this weapon), are extremely susceptible to the appearance of moons, the image floating away, etc. And it is precisely on them that manufacturers have to resort to complicating the design by introducing parallax adjustment (focusing) mechanisms. Both using simple AO technology (on the lens) and high-end SF technology (the adjustment flywheel is sometimes a real steering wheel on the side of the sight).

Why the hell would a crossbow or a regular pneumatic spring-piston rifle, intended for plinking or hunting, have a 9 or even 12x scope? Okay, with high-precision shooting carried out from a rest and even from a machine. When shooting handheld, often offhand, we, in addition to parallax, get a cross jumping across a huge target and the resulting desire to “catch” its center, which is one of the main aiming errors. But for some reason this problem is not very relevant for firearms specialists.

What does it look like on a rifled firearm, for which the OP was originally intended? Firstly, shooting is carried out at distances from 100, well, even from 50 meters, at which parallax is no longer observed. Secondly, the multiplicity of military and hunting samples is usually low. The PSO-1 (SVD) sniper scope has 4x24 characteristics.

I have (not on pneumatic) its more modern “civilian” version 6x36, and its acquisition was caused by age-related vision deterioration. Here, the lens aperture is higher due to the larger aperture, but most importantly, there is a dioptric adjustment of the eyepiece (the same wheel with the “plus” and “minus” signs). Basically, shooting is carried out at distances from 80 to 200 m (direct shot), and then in real hunting no one will shoot, although the diameter of the circle, which coincides with the killing zone of a large animal, is at least 15 cm (5 MOA!). Enthusiasts of high-precision shooting, varmint hunting, and some types of mountain hunting actually use powerful OPs, but in the vast majority of cases, shooting is carried out from point-blank range, at serious distances, from completely different weapons, plus the arrows are no match for us. And, as a rule, they have SF mechanics for parallax adjustment.

On all hunting crossbows, including high-end ones, the standard scope also has modest 4x32 characteristics (see “ “). Just because effective shooting distances are from 20 to 50 meters. In addition, if in crossbow sports the diameter of the “ten” is 4.5 mm (!), then the kill zone of a wild boar or deer is the same 15 cm. Well, why is the 9x multiplicity here?

By the way, for sporting crossbows (as well as rifles) - you will laugh - any optics are generally prohibited, and good old “ring” sights are used. Imagine the level of shooting training of professional crossbowmen and bullet shooters, almost the majority of whom are girls!

In general, if you are not a fan of BR and other high-precision disciplines, choose a maximum of 6x scope. As an example - “Pilad P4x32LP”, with “tactical” adjustment drums, diopter adjustment and reticle illumination.

These options are quite enough. Pancratic sights are initially more delicate, and a high magnification at any reasonable distances, even for a “supermagnum”, is generally not needed, except when shooting at matches (there is such a thing). By and large, the sight in the top photo is nothing more than a “driver” known to all firearms, successfully used in round-up hunts of wild boar or deer at distances of up to 150 meters.

Moreover, the letter “P” in the name indicates that the sight is also intended for spring-piston pneumatics. Which is characterized by the phenomenon of so-called “double” (multidirectional) recoil, which is not found on any other type of weapon.

Among the budget options, Lipers sights (not long-focus lenses) also showed good resistance to troubles. For money that is quite reasonable in these days, you can purchase a device of a fairly high level (in the photo “Leapers Bug Buster IE 6X32 AO Compact”).

In addition to diopter adjustment to suit your vision, there are already coated optics, multi-color stepped illumination of the “mildot” reticle, a sealed nitrogen-filled housing, “tactical” correction drums and, most importantly, parallax adjustment.

In general, keep in mind that the complication of the design due to the introduction of additional options (variable magnification, parallax adjustment) worsens the survivability of most OPs in the budget segment. Really high-quality optical-mechanical devices cost completely different money, for which you can buy a bag of ordinary air rifles or a couple of crossbows.

Two main errors when aiming also lead to the phenomenon of parallax:

1. Suboptimal distance of the pupil from the eyepiece lens.
2. Displacement of the pupil from the optical axis of the OP (off-center)

The first is treated by adjusting the distance when installing the sight. Simply put, move the loose OP back and forth until the image lines up with the inside diameter of the spotting scope, with no dark area around the edges of the image.

The second is quite easy to correct through training. Practice the correct position (possibly without shooting): throw the rifle into the firing position and take aim. And so dozens of times, every day. Until you automatically start setting the pupil clearly in the center of the eyepiece.

A little secret that, oddly enough, not everyone knows about. Take a closer look at the behavior of clay pigeon shooters. They tilt their head in advance into the position it will take when aiming, and then raise the weapon, and the comb of the butt simply takes its permanent place under the cheek. At the same time, you no longer need to move your head, trying to find the right position.