Rare trees in Kuzbass nature reserves. Reserve "Kuznetsky Alatau": animals, birds and plants

Educational hour The Kemerovo region is located in the southern part of Western Siberia. The Kuznetsky Alatau State Nature Reserve is located on the territory of the region.

It was created in 1989 and is located in the highest part of the Kuznetsky Alatau ridge on the territory of the Tisulsky, Novokuznetsky and Mezhdurechensky districts.
Kuznetsk Alatau (from the Turkic language “motley mountains”) is a highland in the south of Western Siberia, about 300 km long, the highest altitude is 2211 m.
The purpose of creating the reserve is to protect poorly disturbed forest ecosystems, as well as to protect the reindeer population.

The place on the bank of the Kiya in the Chebulinsky district of the Kemerovo region is the only “dinosaur cemetery” in our country.
In the vicinity of the village of Shestakovo on the right bank of the river, a huge number of bones of animals that inhabited the earth more than 130 ml years ago are hidden underground.

Here the skeleton of a dinosaur was found, which was named "Psittacosaurus sibiricus". This is a small two-meter dinosaur with an unusually shaped head and a beak like a parrot.
Fifty million years ago, the climate of Siberia was much warmer, and the vegetation was sharply different from today.
Instead of taiga, there were heat-loving forests of beech, alder, linden, maple, oak and walnut.
Deciduous forests rustled even where the tundra now extends.
A remnant of this in the south of the Kuznetsk Basin is “Linden Island” - a plot of linden trees preserved among a world of alien coniferous vegetation.

The first people appeared on the territory of the Kemerovo region
400 thousand years ago. They could be made from natural material
(stone, bone, wood) tools. Stone Age inhabitants hunted, fished, and collected fruits and roots.

A real ancient stone treasure was found near the village of Kuzedeevo.
At that time, the nature of Kuzbass was completely different. Here lived: Siberian woolly rhinoceroses, cave bears, mammoths. The remains of mammoths are often found in the Belovsky, Guryevsky and Prokopyevsky regions.
These animals were huge: a mammoth could weigh up to six tons!

Mammoth

Cave bear

Woolly rhinoceros

Five thousand years ago, people living in our region began to make the first metal products (copper, bronze) and mastered smelting techniques.
Traces of ancient metallurgy were found by archaeologists on Lake Tanai (Promyshlennovsky district).

Metal smelting

Bronze Ingot

Lake Tanay

The most interesting monuments of our region from the Bronze Age are pisanitsa - rock paintings of ancient people.
Ancient people loved to depict animals, hunting scenes, and also often painted the sun.
All pisanitsy are located along the banks of the Tom River.
The biggest one is famous all over the world 60 km from Kemerovo.
More than two and a half thousand years ago, the Iron Age began.
Weapons and tools began to be made mainly from it, since iron ores are more common than copper ores.
The skill and skill of people has increased significantly, because it is quite difficult to obtain iron and make iron products.

In the V-VI centuries AD. Turks, nomads from neighboring Altai, began to penetrate into the Kuznetsk land.
They had a strong influence on the tribes who lived here. Teleuts and Tomsk Tatars are direct descendants of the Turks. The Shors are an indigenous people who adopted the language and customs of the nomads.
The Teleuts were in the past one of the most prosperous Turkic clans. Their nomads extended from Altai far to the north. They were the first of the peoples of our region to voluntarily accept Russian citizenship. Now they live in the Novokuznetsk and Belovsky districts.

The Shors lived in the mountain taiga, along the Kondoma, Mras-Su rivers and their tributaries. They were skilled hunters and fishermen.
The Russians called them “blacksmiths” for their ability to melt iron and make weapons from it.
From them came the name of our region - Kuznetsk land.
The annexation of Siberia to Russia actively began in the 16th century.
Russian servicemen began to move deeper into Siberia and erect fortresses to protect new lands.
The first fort that arose in our region was called “Kuznetsky”.

The place was chosen very well: the confluence of two large rivers, around there are vast fields for arable land and livestock, nearby there is a forest for hunting, and there is a lot of fish in the rivers.
The fort was set up on the land of the Shors to protect them from attacks by hostile tribes and to collect tribute from the new subjects of the Russian Tsar.
Kuznetsk fort for a long time remained an important fortress in Russia.
Tsar Peter I ordered to search for and extract ores, so ore miners began to visit Siberia more and more often.
During his trip to the Kuznetsk region, ore explorer Mikhailo Volkov saw a “burnt mountain.” It was a coal fire.

This discovery came in handy; the metallurgical industry was actively developing in Russia, which required more and more fuel.
Over time, it became clear that the Kuznetsk region has huge reserves of coal and iron, gold and silver, and that metallurgical plants and mines need to be built here.
Later this began to be actively implemented. In 1816, a metallurgical plant began operating in Guryevsk, and in 1883 the first mine came into operation in Kolchugino (now Leninsk-Kuznetsky).

In its history, our region was part of different regions and territories: the Tobolsk province, the Tomsk province, the Siberian region, the Novosibirsk region.
And finally, in 1943, the Kemerovo region was formed.
And the Kuznetsk region was first called Kuzbass by the scientist Pyotr Chikhachev.
In 1842, he explored it, discovered that this area had huge reserves of coal and named it “Kuznetsk Coal Basin”, or “Kuzbass” for short.
From July to August 2008, Kuzbass residents took part in a regional competition in which they chose unique symbols of their native land. 10 characters were selected.

Historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve "Tomskayapisanitsa"

The rock with drawings of ancient people was discovered in the 16th century and for hundreds of years attracted the attention of researchers. The open-air museum complex consists of an open display of geological and mineralogical materials.

An exhibition on the paleontology of the earth has been launched.

Museum-reserve "Krasnaya Gorka"

The unique museum-reserve is located on the right bank of the Tom on the territory of the former Kemerovo mine. This is the only nature reserve in Kuzbass, located within the city limits.

Currently, industrial, civil and administrative buildings have been preserved here, which tell the story of the history of the city of Kemerovo.

"Kuznetsk Fortress" - a monument of history and architecture of federal significance

Construction of the Kuznetsk fortress began in 1800 and was completed in 1820. The fortress was part of a fortification system and was intended to protect the Russian border from neighboring China. The total area of ​​the fortress is 2.5 hectares.

Sculptural composition "Saint Barbara"

The Holy Great Martyr Barbara has been revered in Russia since ancient times. People call her an ambulance and intercessor. She is considered the patroness of miners. Mothers and wives pray for Varvara’s intercession; in difficult times, the miners themselves turn to her for help. In 2007, a sculpture of St. Barbara was installed on the historical territory of the Krasnaya Gorka museum-reserve. Sculptors M.O. Lushnikov, O.P. Mokrousov and architects G.V. Gaifulin, E.M. Ivanova embodied the image of the Saint in bronze, observing all the canons.

Monument "Mine pile driver" (Anzhero-Sudzhensk)

The main element of the monument is a metal pyramid imitating a mine header. The monument was designed by the general director of Housing Management Unit No. 1 Severny LLC S.A. Shabarov, made by the association’s employees at their own expense and installed on Miner’s Day in 2007 on the territory of the Northern microdistrict of Anzhero-Sudzhensk.

Kuzbass State Technical University

It was organized on the basis of the Kemerovo Mining and Construction College in 1950. In 1965 it was transformed into the Kuzbass Polytechnic Institute. In 1993, the Kuzbass Polytechnic Institute became known as the Kuzbass State Technical University.

Over the years of its existence, the university has grown into a large educational and scientific center, become one of the leading universities in Western Siberia, and is recognized in Russia and abroad. The university provides training in 37 specialties.

Monument "Memory of the miners of Kuzbass" (Kemerovo)

The monument, a gift from sculptor Ernst Neizvestny, was erected in 2003. The total height of the composition is 12 m, weight 5 tons. The monument is a bronze torso of a miner, mounted on a three-meter pedestal made of black granite. The miner holds a burning coal in his hands, symbolizing a warm heart. At the base of the monument there are pieces of coal embodied in stylized human faces.

Monument to Mikhailo Volkov

The monument to the discoverer of Kuznetsk coal, Mikhailo Volkov, was erected on the square named after him in the Central district of Kemerovo. At the opening of the monument on August 23, 1968, it was said that the city has two godfathers - coal and ore miner Mikhailo Volkov. The monument was donated by sculptor G. Baranov.

In 1721, on the banks of the Tom River, Mikhailo Volkov discovered a layer of coal in the “burnt mountain” (now the Rudnichny district of Kemerovo).

Chapel of the Icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow"

On September 15, 1993, His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy II solemnly consecrated the foundation stone of the chapel icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow", which was created on the initiative of the Administration of the Kemerovo Region as a monument in honor of the tragically killed Kuzbass miners.

"Kolchuginskaya Mine" (Leninsk-Kuznetsky)

The first mention of the settlement of Kolchugino in lists of villages dates back to 1763. The village was located at the very bed of thick coal seams. And already in 1883, the first mine “Success” was opened here, marking the beginning of the development of the Kolchuginsky mine. Since the early 90s of the 19th century, the Kolchuginskaya mine has become the coal mining capital of the region.

Nature reserves are areas of land or water that are protected by the state and withdrawn from economic use. Nature reserves are formed with the aim of preserving the flora and fauna characteristic of a given area. The reserves are strictly guarded and unauthorized visits are prohibited. In Russia, the first state reserve appeared in 1916. Currently, there are 204 specially protected areas located and functioning in our country.

The nature in the Kemerovo region is very rich - this is the taiga, where rare relict forests are found; alpine meadows, steppe and forest-steppe; cedar and spruce forests; a lot of lakes and rivers.

But every year the state of nature becomes worse. People interfere more and more often in her life. The diversity of animal species is decreasing, forests are disappearing, rivers are drying up, and lakes are becoming swamped. The earth may become uninhabitable for human life if measures are not taken.
There is only one way out - to preserve nature. This can be done with the help of nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, and natural monuments.

The Kemerovo region is located in the southeast of Western Siberia and is almost equidistant from the western and eastern borders of Russia.
The natural resources of the region, its flora and fauna are huge and diverse. But a person does not always value, uses mercilessly and cares little about preserving these riches.

Therefore, there was a need to organize nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries in Kuzbass.
On the territory of the Kemerovo region there are: the Kuznetsky Alatau nature reserve of federal significance, the Shorsky national park, the historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve Tomskayapisanitsa and 14 nature reserves.

Reserve
"Kuznetsky Alatau"

Kuznetsk Alatau is a mountain system, the eastern spur of the Altai Mountains. It consists of mountain ranges with elongated peaks - tysyls. These thousand rise above the forest line.

“Alatau” translated from the Turkic language means “Motley Mountains”. This name accurately reflects the first impression of the bright colors of Kuznetsk Alatau.

The Kuznetsky Alatau State Nature Reserve was created on December 27, 1989 in the central part of the mountain range of the same name, on the territory of the Tisulsky, Mezhdurechensky and Novokuznetsky districts of the Kemerovo region.
The terrain of the territory is mountainous. Most of the area is occupied by forests. There are alpine meadows and ponds.

The reserve contains the sources of the largest tributaries of the Ob - the Tom and Chulym rivers.

Most of the Kuznetsk Alatau nature reserve is covered with mountain taiga forests of fir, spruce and Siberian pine.

In deciduous forests there is common meadowsweet, yellow acacia, bird cherry, black cotoneaster and wild rose.
There are many clearings in the fir forests. They grow: tall wrestler, Siberian skerda, variegated thistle, nettle, tall honeysuckle.
Along the valleys of taiga rivers, downy birch, willow, currant, bush alder and rowan grow.

In "Kuznetsky Alatau" you can see about three hundred species of birds, two hundred and nine of them nest in the reserve.
The reserve contains 41 species of little-studied and rare birds, the numbers of which are gradually declining.
Typical sedentary inhabitants of the taiga are wood grouse, nutcracker, jay, jay, nuthatch and others.

The reserve's fish fauna consists of 13 species. Siberian grayling and taimen live in mountain rivers.
In slow-moving waters there are pike, perch and burbot.
In the spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau there are 5 species of amphibians, but only two have been recorded on the territory of the reserve - the gray toad and the sharp-faced frog. Of the 6 species of reptiles of the Kemerovo region, only two have been discovered within the reserve so far - a viviparous lizard and a common viper.

Pointy-faced frog

The mammal fauna of Kuznetsk Alatau includes 65 species. The majority are inhabitants of the taiga. These are the badger, tiny shrew, otter, Altai mole, chipmunk, red-gray vole and others.
Brown bear, fox, wolf and elk are also widely represented in the forests of the reserve.
A special feature of the Kuznetsk Alatau can be considered the snow cover, which is exceptional in height for the region, reaching an average of 3-5 meters throughout the reserve, and up to 10-15 meters in the intermountain depressions.
The reserve's protection regime allows for the effective protection of non-nomadic animals, such as sable, and the conservation of migratory animals, such as reindeer.
Illegal hunting most seriously affects nomadic species of animals - roe deer, elk, and deer.

Kuznetsk Alatau is a beautiful and unique place!
White snowfields lie next to flowering meadows, the blue sky is reflected in the mirrors of lakes, and snow-white clouds crawl so low that they often cling to the sharp gray peaks of the rocks.
The flora and fauna are amazingly rich and diverse. And how you want to keep it intact and clean, because human activity sometimes causes irreparable damage to nature.
For this purpose, the Kuznetsky Alatau nature reserve was created in the Kemerovo region. Here, endangered plants and animals have finally found protection for themselves!

National Park
"Shorsky"

Shorsky National Park was organized in 1990 on the basis of a decree of the Soviet Government of December 27, 1989.
The park is located in the south of the Kemerovo region in the Tashtagol district.
The length of the national park territory from north to south is 110 km, from east to west 90 km.

The park was created with the aim of preserving unique areas of cedar growth, black taiga in Mountain Shoria, as well as preserving the cultural heritage of the indigenous Shor nationality.

The territory of the Shorsky National Park is home to a small indigenous nationality of the Turkic-speaking group - the Mountain Shors.
The Shors live mainly in the south of the Kemerovo region, along the banks of the Tom, Mrassu, and Kondoma rivers.
Their number is about 15 thousand people.
Until the 18th century, the Shors were known for their ability to mine and smelt iron ore,
blacksmith craft.
The traditional occupations of the Shors were also hunting, farming, procurement of wild edible plants, fishing and beekeeping.
The Shors also knew how to make pottery, process wood and leather, and weave material.
Ancient legends and tales of Mountain Shoria are part of the national culture of the Shors. They kept their epic for centuries and retold it to each other.
Legends teach that you cannot do evil, you cannot take revenge, you cannot envy; They teach that good always triumphs over evil. We must live in harmony with nature, take care of our loved ones and the fragile world that surrounds us.
Since ancient times, the Shors felt unity with living nature, endowing everything that surrounded them with a soul: mountains, rivers, wind, plants, animals.
Here is one of the legends telling about the origin of the main rivers of Mountain Shoria and Kuzbass.
There was a hunter named Tom in Mountain Shoria. And there was a beautiful girl, the daughter of a rich man. Her name was Mrassu. The guy fell in love with Mrassa and wanted to marry her. But the rich father objected: this was not the kind of groom he wanted for his daughter. Bai sent a hunter to where streams and rivers originate, and made it a river.
Mrassu grieved and cried so much that she herself turned into a river and flowed to her beloved.
On the way, a harsh rock blocked her path. Mrassa's chest was smashed by a rock, and she fell into the river. Huge stones still lie in the river, forming rapids. Mrassu quickly and violently rushes through the taiga and rapids to where it forever merges with Tomyu.

The forest areas of the mid-mountain part of Shoria are almost unaffected by economic activity and are preserved in their original form.

Currently, more than 60 rare and endangered plant species listed in the Red Books of Russia and the Kemerovo region have been identified on the territory of the national park. The leading plants of the national park are cedar, Siberian fir, and aspen.

6 species of birds are also listed in the Red Book: black stork, gray heron, needle-tailed swift, golden eagle, peregrine falcon.
The park is home to about 60 species of mammals. Among them are muskrat, weasel, white hare, squirrel, and musk deer.

There are many natural monuments located on the territory of the national park. One of them is the Saga waterfall.
The Saga waterfall occupies 30,000 square meters. m, located on the Sholbychak stream (left bank of Mrassu) 300 m from the Mrassu river.
An eighteen-meter waterfall falls in several cascades into a small, icy lake.
At the waterfall there is a small grotto that turns into a cave with a very narrow entrance.

"Royal Gate" - picturesque rocks on the right bank of the Mrassu River. The rocks are 100 meters high and drop steeply into the water.
They are composed of marbled limestones. The color of the rocks changes depending on the weather and lighting. In sunny, clear weather, the rocks are light - white with a pinkish tint. In cloudy weather they become a moody gray with a purple tint.

Mountain Shoria is a beautiful corner of Kuzbass nature! The strong, original and talented Shor people have lived here for a long time. But now he and nature need help and protection.
For this purpose, the State Natural National Park "Shorsky" was created.

Educator : Now tell me what new you learned......(ANSWERS)

Site materials used: , history, culture of Kuzbass)

Neonila Fedorovna Egorova - geography teacher, Svetlana Yuryevna Egorova - teacher, GSUVOU KSOSH named after. E.G. Felde, Kemerovo region, p. Verkhotomskoe.

Form: correspondence trip to the fascinating places of your native land.

Epigraph:“Spreading the blue expanses proudly,

You bloom like May

beautiful region, Kuznetsk region.”

Target: nurturing love and respect for the small Motherland, developing cognitive interest in the unique beauty and diversity of the nature of the native land. Creating emotional situations that affect the child’s feelings, introducing him to the ecological culture of the region.

Equipment: map of Kuzbass, marks of reserves, computer presentation.

Presenter 1: Today we will take a trip to the unique places of the Kemerovo region. You will learn about the protected areas of our region: nature reserves, nature reserves, natural monuments, and national parks. I would like you guys to feel how dear these territories are to our people and why they are protected.

As you already know, all our lands, subsoil, waters, forests are declared by law to be the property of the people and are under state protection. The forms of protection are varied, but the goal is the same - to reliably protect this or that natural complex from possible destruction and preserve it for future generations.

If the state declares some area a protected area, this means that it plays a huge role as a reserve of clean air, water, and as a habitat for the most valuable species of animals or plants. This means that in the future, perhaps, its value will be so great that it cannot be repaid by any other wealth.

Presenter 2. According to the degree of severity of the reserve regime, the following protected areas are distinguished: nature reserves, biosphere reserves, nature reserves, natural monuments, landscape parks, cultural natural sites.

Presenter 1. Reserve- This is the most important form of special, strict nature protection. What is a reserve?

Imagine a scientific research institute. We walk along a long corridor. Our attention is drawn to a sign with the inscription: “Quiet!” Experience is underway! There, behind the laboratory door, some problem is being solved.

Exactly the same warning sign serves as a full house with the inscription “Border of the reserve”, or “Caution! Protected area."

The reserve is also a laboratory, only in living nature. On the lands of the reserve, all construction, deforestation, hunting, fishing, tourism, picking mushrooms, berries, grazing, plowing fields is prohibited, that is, within the boundaries of the reserve zone, exclusively scientific environmental protection activities are carried out, no interference - “it preserves the beauty of the earth, pristine corner of nature. “Chur Zapovedna” is not without reason the famous writer and nature conservationist Oleg Volkov called his book about nature reserves that way. The creation of nature reserves is the most effective measure to preserve the gene pool of living organisms on our planet.

In the 70s of the 20th century, biosphere reserves began to be created, the purpose of which was to preserve standard areas of the biosphere. Scientific work in the field of environmental management and environmental protection is carried out here. Today in Russia there are 99 nature reserves, 18 of which are biosphere reserves, including our Kuznetsk Alatau, which we will talk about later.

Presenter 2. Reserves. There are many of them in our country and they are diverse. Only in our Kemerovo region there are more than 22 of them. “Order” is a very old Russian word and means a prohibition on something. “Ordered” means “don’t touch or do it wisely.” Unlike nature reserves, nature reserves are formed only temporarily, to solve some problem; No scientific work is carried out here and the security regime is less strict. In nature reserves, economic activity is permitted only to the extent that it does not disturb the peace or cause harm to protected objects.

Presenter 1. National parks– these are territories that have special ecological, historical and aesthetic value. They are used for scientific, cultural, educational purposes, and for regulated tourism. There are 31 national parks in Russia, including our Gorno-Shorsky national park of Russian significance.

Presenter 1. Natural monuments– these are individual unique natural objects (waterfalls, caves, rocks, geysers, centuries-old trees) that have scientific, historical, cultural and aesthetic significance. One should not confuse a natural monument with a nature reserve. A natural monument is, first of all, the object itself (a tree, a cave), and a nature reserve is a corner of the earth. There are a huge number of natural monuments in our region. We will meet some of them today.

Presenter 2. Museums - reserves– this phrase seems strange at first glance. These two words seem to contradict each other - the museum is designed to receive visitors, and the more, the better, but the reserve, on the contrary, is closed to the public. Nevertheless, museums and reserves exist - these are complexes of historical and architectural buildings. They are inseparable from the parks surrounding them, that is, a museum with an entire natural complex. For example: “Solovetsky Islands”, “Written Rocks” in the Kemerovo region.

(Music “Now a birch tree, now a rowan tree”).

Presenter 1. The world in which we live is beautiful and great, and in this world there is a corner dear to the heart, where you were born, where you live and study, here are your roots, here the planet begins for you, life itself begins here. This is your small Motherland, whose name is Kuzbass!

Presenter 2. They say: Gray Ural, Sunny Crimea, Pearl Sevan...

But what should we call our Kuzbass, what should we compare it with, what epithet should we choose? Let's try to go on an absentee trip to some unique places in our native land.

(Music background).

Student: historical reference. As of March 22, 2011, there were officially 18 specially protected areas in the region: (on map) State Nature Reserve "Kuznetsky Alatau", State Natural Shorsky National Park, 13 zoological reserves, special staircase "Celestial Teeth", 24 natural monuments with a total area of ​​1 million 388 thousand 664 hectares or 14.2% of the territory of the entire region.

Presenter 1. If you know the highest point of the Kemerovo region “Upper Tooth” and tell me in which mountains it is located, you will find out (or maybe even know) the name of the biosphere reserve, where the kingdom of sable, reindeer, elk, morality, where there are strict restrictions for aviation: jet airplanes do not have the right to overcome the sound barrier over its territory; all flights must be carried out at a significant altitude so as not to disturb the peace of the inhabitants of the reserve. The area of ​​the reserve is more than 400 thousand. kV. km, it is located near Mount Tserkovnaya in the Kuznetsk Alatau and is called (what?) -

The reserve is home to 22 species of rare, endangered plants, 27 species of medicinal plants, including radiola rosea (golden root), leuzea safflower (maral root), lady's slipper. 100 species of mammals are protected: deer, elk, roe deer, sable, and musk deer are also found. Wild reindeer constantly live and migrate within the Kuznetsk Alatau. The bird fauna is represented by more than one hundred and fifty species: 25 of them are rare and endangered, such as the black stork and golden eagle.

Musical screensaver.

Presenter 2. There are wonderful poems by one of the Kuzbass poets about mountain Shoria, let's listen.

Reader. Oh Shoria, you are my quiet joy and my pain,

I love you both in bitter and happy moments,

And I believe that the secret is ancient, eternal, yours.

Kept where the edge is majestically quiet.

Presenter 2. And we are going to the south of the Kemerovo region, to the mountainous Shoria to get acquainted with the most important natural monument - Shorsky National Park. The nature of the park is amazing: its mountain rivers are clean and transparent, the surrounding mountains are uniquely beautiful, beautiful taiga flowers, trees, and herbs. They say about it: “Tourists relax here and preserve nature.” The park was formed by Decree of the Union of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 386 of December 27, 1989. The area of ​​the national park is 338 thousand 345 hectares.

Student. Shorsky National Park is located in the south of the Kemerovo region. The length of the national park territory from north to south is 110 km, from east to west 90 km.

The terrain is complex and mountainous. The average height above sea level is 500-800 m, individual peaks reach 1600-1800 m. The high ridges enclosing Mountain Shoria from the west with the Salair Ridge, from the south - the Altai mountain system and from the east with the Kuznetsk Alatau and Western Sayan ridges, create a unique microclimate. Snow lasts for more than six months, from October to April. The prevailing winds are from the south and southwest.

In the territory of the national park there are fast and turbulent mountain rivers. One of which is the Mras-Su River, which amazes with its beauty and is a tributary of the main river of Kuzbass - the Tom River. The fauna of the national park is rich, there are many commercial and hunting species: white hare, squirrel, sable, American mink, weasel, otter, wolverine, fox, wolf, lynx, elk. In addition to the listed species, there are the Siberian mole, chipmunk, water vole, muskrat, common hamster, ermine, weasel, steppe polecat, badger, brown bear, wild reindeer, musk deer, roe deer, and deer. Rare bird species in the park include the black stork, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, and osprey. The rivers are inhabited by grayling, lenok, taimen .

(Music background).

Presenter 1. The hike continues. We are at "Royal" at the "gate". These royal gates are also a natural monument. These rocks are picturesque, they contain magnetic ore, this monument is located in the lower reaches of the Mrassu River, on the road to Kabarza.

Presenter 2. There is an interesting riddle. Where in Kuzbass is a haystack smaller than a haystack? Of course, you may not know that a haystack is a mountain atGavrilovsky Bor, its height is 557m.

In the old days they said: “It is dangerous to touch the Kopna hill.” God forbid you disturb the aquifer, the village will be flooded and filled with water! And how much gold there is! It's all underwater.

The legend says. God Ilios did a great job here. He poured golden life-giving rays onto the earth and gave her eternal metal. And adits and gold mines appeared, passions flared up! Gold destroyed people, and itself went under water. They say “Gavrilovsky bor is good!

There is also an invitation: “Come to the “mine” - come in peace, take care of antiquity, take care of nature.

Presenter1. Our journey continues. We are near the city of Spassk - the “golden capital” of the oldest large mine on Kuznetsk land. A majestic picture opens before us - the Spassky “palaces”. This is a granite family of rocks, a natural monument.

The rocks are strict, gloomy, inaccessible, unique. Spassky Palaces are a good school for tourists and beginning climbers.

(Film about the Siberian linden tree).

Presenter 2. There is a popular saying: Whoever looks ahead 50 years will plant a poplar there. And those who have 200 - plant a linden tree. How can we understand this? Yes, that’s how you understand that you need to know about linden.

Student. In the taiga of Mountain Shoria you can find a tree that is completely unusual for our forests - the Siberian linden. And if you walk a few hours from Mundybash along the old road towards Kuzedeev, you can get into a mysterious and very ancient kingdom called “Linden Island”.

The natural monument is located in the south of the Kemerovo region in the basin of the right tributaries of the Kondoma River, the Small Tesh River and the Bolshoy Tesh River. ( Show on map). Siberian linden - its habitat consists of separate areas - “islands”. The largest site is “Kuzedeevsky Linden Island”. Occupied area 11,030 hectares.

The island turned 100 years old, Kuzbass residents cherish the linden island like the apple of their eye. They did not allow the island to be dug, they did not allow coal to be mined there, they became a wall to protect the linden tree - the Siberians. People said: pine - cedar - feeds, linden - shoes, millions of Russian peasants put on linden bast shoes. The bast shoes wore out quickly; they were required for 1 year - 1 person - 40 pairs. For one pair of bast shoes, you need to tear off the bark of 3 young bast shoes. So they destroyed the linden tree. Now they are taking care of it. This is honey medicine, freshness and beauty!

Presenter 2. So that’s where the saying “Rip off like a stick” comes from.

Presenter 1. This is also suitable for humans. “Kuzedeevsky Linden Island Reserve” is a unique relict grove of Siberian linden, which has been preserved here since the pre-glacial era.

Sergei Dmitrievich Tivyakov about “Linden Island”.

Presenter 2. Our journey continues.

Student. In the Mariinsky district, on the left bank of the Kiya River, there is a nature reserve Chumaisko – Irkutyanovsky(P show on the map). Its lakes are rich in carp, its river is rich in fish, its forests are rich in animals. It is difficult to get to the reserve by river! You can run into the Bandit Threshold. You can fall into the “Dead Pit”, you can get lost among the hundred-meter cliffs of the “White Stone Reach”, you can end up in a caral cave. And in the caves, “chandeliers” are multi-colored, shimmering with all the colors of the rainbow, stalactites hang from the ceiling like icicles, below are white stalagmites like marble columns, and between them are bottomless lakes with cold water, deep grottoes and wide cracks. There is the “Giant” mountain and the “Father and Son” family of stones, and the “lonely” ledge and many nameless rocks. Sable and beaver are protected by law here. And in the Chumai Museum there is a document about the Chumai peasant uprising.

Presenter 1. Next to the Chumaisko-Irkutyanovsky reserve there is another protected area - the Barzassky reserve - beaver and elk. Very close to the Mariinsky Highway, along which prisoners walked to hard labor.

The age-old taiga roars here, and the cedar trees stand like giants,

and dark coniferous firs rustle among the birches

are protected by law and people are worshiped,

for kindness, attention - they say thank you.

Presenter 2. Our route runs along the right bank of the Tom River. And we find ourselves in an open-air museum. This region is the most interesting in Kuzbass. How did it arise? This surprised, surprises and will continue to surprise historians of Russia and Kuzbass.

Presenter 1. The most remarkable monument, truly a masterpiece of world art, is Tomsk pisanitsa. And it is located near the village of Kolmogorovo in the Yashkinsky district. (Show on the map). Imagine rocks on which ancient people wrote in unusual ways. And they wrote with drawings, from which we learn how they lived, what animals roamed there, how they hunted with an ax and a spear, how they got food so as not to die of hunger. These rocks are called “written”. Scientists at Kemerovo University not only copied the drawings, but also interpreted the artistic intent of the ancient man.

Presenter 1. Tomsk pisanitsa is a unique natural complex that allows education based on its own history.

(Music background).

Presenter 1. So our journey through some amazing, unique places in Kuzbass has ended, with extraordinarily beautiful open spaces, countless gifts of nature, about which we are now showing great concern and which need careful treatment and protection. Well, we'll go back to our school.

Consolidation. So guys, what was our topic today?

What protected areas were we talking about today?

How many specially protected areas are there in Kuzbass? (18).

Give examples. As of March 22, 2011, there were officially 18 specially protected areas in the region: (on map) State Nature Reserve "Kuznetsky Alatau", State Natural Shorsky National Park, 13 zoological reserves, special staircase "Celestial Teeth", 24 natural monuments with a total area of ​​1 million 388 thousand 664 hectares or 14.2% of the territory of the entire region.

What tasks are performed when organizing protected areas?

(preservation of living organisms, environmental protection, prevention of the development of destructive processes).

So what should we call our Kuzbass, what should we compare it with, what epithet should we choose?

Reader. Spreading its blue expanses proudly,

You bloom like May

My native land, mighty son of Siberia,

beautiful region, Kuznetsk region.

Teacher. Guys, you have just heard wonderful words about the wealth, beauty, and power of our region. And here there is not only concern for people, but also concern for the preservation of nature for ourselves and other generations.

Information sources

1. Soloviev, L.I. Geography of the Kemerovo region. Nature [Text]: textbook, manual / L.I. Soloviev. - Kemerovo: Skif-Kuzbass, 2006.
2. http//www.shor-np.kemv.ru/ Website “Shorsky National Park”.

3. http//www.kuz-alatau. ru/ "Kuznetsky Alatau".

Vegetable world. The vegetation cover of the park is dominated by black taiga. Forests are represented by mountain types of communities. Communities with Siberian pine and Siberian fir predominate. Spruce, pine, downy birch, and aspen are much less common. In the age structure, the most significant proportion is of middle-aged and ripening plantings. The share of mature stands is only about one fifth of the forested land. The most common are tall-grass and broad-grass types of forest communities. The proportion of moss and shrub-forb forest types is less significant, with bird cherry and mountain ash in the undergrowth, and in the herbaceous cover with female moss grass, bracken, northern borax, tall larkspur, and wild rosemary. The share of other forest types is insignificant. The forests of the mid-mountain part of Shoria preserve the unique and rich flora of the mountains of Southern Siberia. Its botanical attractions include such rare plant species as Siberian kandyk, lady's slipper grandiflora, lady's slipper, and rhodiola rosea.

I picked a flower and it withered.

I caught a beetle - and it died in my palm.

And then I realized that you can only touch beauty with your heart.

Pavol Gvezdoslav, Slovak poet, humanist

2016, Mariinsk

The reserve was founded in 1989.

Unique in Kuznetsk Alatau for inland regions of the northern hemisphere is the existence of small forms of glaciers at unusually low absolute altitudes - 1200-1500 m above sea level. mind. No glaciers have been found in any of the inland regions of the northern hemisphere at similar latitudes. There are 32 glaciers on the territory of the reserve, 6.79 square meters. km. Of these, the largest in Kuzbass is the Glacier of expedition members with an area of ​​0.3 square meters. km. Located in the vicinity of the Middle Kanym Mountain.

Lake Srednetersinskoye

The deepest lake in Kuzbass. Its depth is 60 meters.

Rybnoye Lake

The largest mountain-glacial lake in the region, its length is 1000 m, width is 500 meters. The Upper Ters River, one of the most beautiful rivers of the reserve, originates from this lake. In the lake

The lake form of grayling inhabits permanently.

Mount Bolshoi Kanym, height 1872 m above sea level. mind.

Mountain Suitcase

The Kiya River originates in the area of ​​the Suitcase char on the eastern slope of the Kuznetsk Alatau, the second source is located on Mount Medvezhiy char.

Mount Suitcase, height – 1357 m above sea level. mind. The remnant of the most ancient relief of the Kuznetsky Alatau ridge. At the foot there is a raised moss bog, on the slopes there are thickets of Radiola rosea and Leuzea sofloridae, here are the summer stations of reindeer, roe deer, and maral. Rare species of birds nest - peregrine falcon, saker falcon.

Krestovskie swamps

Located at the foot of Pestraya Mountain (1347 m above sea level)

Raised bogs with typical vegetation. During spring-autumn migrations, ungulates concentrate here.

The park was organized in 1990. Shorsky National Park is located in the south of the Kemerovo region on the territory of the Tashtagol administrative district. The length of the national park territory from north to south is 110 km, from east to west 90 km. On the territory of Gornaya Shoria there are 25 natural monuments (geological, water, botanical, complex), of which 6 are the most accessible and visited:

Saga Waterfall

- a unique hydrological natural monument on the territory of the Shorsky National Park. Saga Waterfall - located in a small canyon 200 meters from the left bank of the Mras-Su River. The Sholbychak stream falls from a height of 15 meters, breaking on the stones, and a lake with a small grotto calms down. There are many rare and medicinal herbs in the canyon.

"Kizas caves"

- a geological natural monument on the territory of the Shorsky State Natural National Park. Limestone outcrop on the right bank of the Mras-su River, above the mouth of the Kizas River. Length – about 200 m.

Cave "Nadezhda"

- a geological natural monument on the territory of the Shorsky National Park. The Nadezhda Cave is located 2.5 km below the mouth of the Kizas River, on the right turn. Length – about 200m.

"Monument to a Soldier"

- a geological natural monument located on the territory of the Shorsky National Park.

Rock "Drinking Elephant"

- a geological natural monument on the territory of the Shorsky National Park. Located on the left bank of the Mrassu River.

Vaucluse "Kabuk"

- hydrological natural monument. The Vaucluse is a large spring fed by karst groundwater.

The Tomsk Pisanitsa Museum-Reserve today is a dynamically developing modern multidisciplinary cultural complex that successfully combines museum specifics. In 20 years, practically from scratch, it has turned into a real museum of the 21st century and is rightfully the pride of Kuzbass.

The rock on which the drawings of ancient people are preserved

Ancient sanctuary.

View of the Tom River.

Other unusual exhibits of the reserve.

There is just a temple

There is a temple of science

And there is also a temple of nature,

With scaffolding reaching out

Towards the sun and winds.

He is holy at any time of the year,

Open to us in hot and cold weather.

Come here, be a little hearty,

Do not desecrate his shrines.

A. Smirnov

We are immensely rich

In our thickets and groves

So many different birds

You're just amazed.

And, of course, it’s alarming

That sometimes we are godless

We don't keep what we have

We do not spare, we do not regret,

Not responsible for anything.

Like the smallest thing

To us on this planet

All that remains is to live and rule.

Not like the owners,

This is how we destroy our good.

And we are proud of nature

And we love the fatherland.

Bibliography

1. Atlas of the Kemerovo region.

2. Kovrigina, the world of Kuzbass and its protection: [Text] / , . – Kemerovo, 1995. – 111 p.

3. Soloviev, Kemerovo region. Nature [Text] / . – Kemerovo: Kuzbass”; , 2006. – 384 p.

4. Soloviev, notebook on the region: creative assignments on the geography of the native land for students in grades 6-10 of educational institutions in the Kemerovo region [Text] /. – Kemerovo, 2003. – 184 p.

Electronic resources

1. http://ecokem. ru

2. http://krasivye-mesta. ru

3. http://shpilenok.

4. http://subscribe. ru

5. http://trasa. ru

1989 was a turbulent year in the Kemerovo region. In the cities of this industrial region, miners' strikes broke out one after another, demanding better living conditions. One of the demands of the striking miners was the creation of a nature reserve in the region in order to preserve the natural complex of the region.

The USSR government decided that the most necessary requirement would be the creation of a reserve. On December 27, 1989, Resolution No. 385 of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR was issued, according to which the Kuznetsky Alatau Nature Reserve and the Shorsky National Park were established in the Kemerovo region.

Reserve territory

(Reserve on the map of the region)

The reserve is located in the Kuznetsky Alatau mountain range, in its central part, in honor of which it received its name. The word “Alatau” translated from Turkic languages ​​into Russian means “Motley Mountains” - this is how the indigenous inhabitants of nearby territories (Shors, Khakass, etc.) called these mountains for their contrast and variety of very bright colors.

Administratively, the reserve is located in the Novokuznetsk, Tisulsky districts and Mezhdurechensky urban district of the Kemerovo region. Its territory has an area of ​​4018 km 2. A security zone with an area of ​​2230 km 2 extends along the perimeter of its borders. The protected zone of the reserve is located in the territories of the Novokuznetsk, Tisulsky, Krapivinsky districts and Mezhdurechensky GO of the Kemerovo region, as well as in the territory of the Ordzhonikidze district of the Republic of Khakassia. The protected zone is not included in the territory of the reserve, but is under the jurisdiction of its administration and has its own special protection regime.

Flora and fauna of the reserve

(Roe deer Ryzhik in the eco-center)

The Kuznetsky Alatau Nature Reserve is a unique natural complex. It is called a “clean water and air factory.” 58 species of mammals live here (brown bear, red deer, elk, roe deer, Siberian reindeer, lynx, sable, wolverine, etc.). 281 species of birds (Siberian finch, tawny owl, black stork, peregrine falcon, black kite, etc.), of which 239 species nest in the reserve. 2 species of amphibians - gray toad and sharp-faced frog, 3 species of reptiles - viviparous lizard, common viper and common pit viper.

The rivers and lakes are home to 14 species of fish - taimen, grayling, Siberian char, dace, gudgeon, etc., and a representative of cyclostomes - the Siberian lamprey - was also recently discovered. The flora is represented by 618 species of higher vascular plants (943 species are predicted). The Red Book of the Kemerovo Region contains 10 species of mammals, 56 species of birds, 2 species of fish, 10 species of insects, 36 species of plants. In the Red Book of Russia - 1 species of mammals (Siberian reindeer), 22 species of birds, 4 species of plants.

(The mountain tundra of the Kanym Highlands is the natural habitat of the Siberian reindeer)

The Siberian reindeer (or in other words, forest reindeer) has become the symbol of the Kuznetsky Alatau nature reserve. There are very few of these animals left in nature - only a few hundred. Most of them live on the territory of the reserve - about 200 individuals. The reserve has all the conditions for comfortable living of reindeer; special expeditions and research are conducted to study and preserve the species, thanks to which the number of Siberian reindeer in the reserve gradually began to increase. It differs from its counterparts from the polar tundra in its larger size, shape of horns, etc. Additionally, reindeer are the only deer whose females have antlers.

The Siberian reindeer is an animal that does not tolerate the hot Siberian summer well. This species has been preserved in the Alatau Mountains due to the presence of glaciers and snowfields. Reindeer cannot sweat, thereby cooling their body on their own. Therefore, with the onset of the hot season, he moves to glaciers and snowfields, which also protect him from numerous midges. The Siberian reindeer is a unique, beautiful animal, and in order to express its peculiarity, it was decided to depict its profile on the reserve’s logo.

The glaciers of the reserve are also unique. Kuznetsk Alatau is the only place in the mainland of the northern hemisphere where glaciers are located so low - at altitudes of 1200 meters. Such a low location was made possible due to the enormous snow accumulation, high humidity and cold winter. In total, there are 32 glaciers and snowfields on the territory of the reserve with a total area of ​​6.79 square meters. km.

Unique natural objects of the reserve

Lake Srednetersinskoye is the deepest in the Kemerovo region. Of kar origin. The depth of the lake is at least 60 meters.

(In the foreground are Maloe Rybnoye Lake and Mount Bely Golets - 1594 meters. In the background - Fish Lake and Big Kanym - 1872 meters)

Lake Rybnoye is one of the largest lakes in the region and is of mountain-glacial origin. Size - 1000 x 500 meters. The Upper Ters River takes its source from this lake. The local inhabitant of this unique place is the lake form of grayling.

The highest mountain in the reserve is Mount Bolshoy Kanym, its height is 1872m. It is a remnant of the ancient relief of the Kuznetsky Alatau ridge.

Mount Suitcase, its peak is 1357 m below sea level. It is interesting because at the foot there is a high moss bog. The flora on the slopes is represented by thickets of Radiola rosea and Leuzea soflora. Among the representatives of the animal world, there are summer stations for reindeer, roe deer, and maral. The rarest bird species - peregrine falcon and saker falcon - also find nesting places.

Mount Motley, its height is 1347 m below sea level. Here, at the foot of the mountain, Krestovskie bogs with typical vegetation are located in the vastness of which ungulates gather during the spring-autumn migrations.

And many other interesting amazing places.

Protection of the reserve

(Elk cow in the eco center)

A system of cordons has been created to protect the territory of the reserve. There are 9 of them in total, located along the perimeter of the reserve’s borders. State inspectors are constantly present at the cordons. On average, about 50-60 protocols are drawn up for violators per year.

Tourist activities are carried out along several routes - 4 rafting, 3 snowmobile, 2 walking. The overwhelming number of routes pass through the territory of the protected zone, without touching the reserve itself. To visit, you must formally contact the administration.

Due to the inaccessibility of the reserve, as well as the large number of people who want to learn about the nature of the region, an environmental center was created in 1998. It is located between the cities of Myski and Mezhdurechensk, in good transport accessibility (not included in the territory of the reserve). The eco-center has an open-air cage complex, a Museum of Nature, and horse rentals. In the enclosures, anyone can see deer, elk, wild boars, rabbits, roe deer, foxes, and squirrels. The overwhelming number of animals end up in the eco-center injured and their subsequent return to nature is very risky.

(Ringing and releasing a kite on Ecologist Day at the Ecocenter)

Also, the Wings Center for the Rehabilitation of Wild Birds has been operating on the basis of the eco-center since 2015. Dozens of birds have already passed through it, many of which were returned to free life. Some birds, due to injuries, remain to live at the Center. Now among its inhabitants and patients: several black kites, 2 whooper swans, a flock of ducks, a tawny owl, a common buzzard, a peregrine falcon, a kestrel, a crow. The Ecocenter is an excellent base for environmental education: about 150 excursion groups come here every year from various parts of the country, and sometimes from other countries.

(Excursion to the eco center)

At the end of the article, I would like to note that, unfortunately, many people confuse the Kuznetsky Alatau nature reserve and the Kuznetsky Alatau mountains, posting incorrect information on the Internet and the media, misleading other people. Therefore, it must be said that the famous tourist area of ​​the Celestial Teeth is not the territory of the reserve at all. One can easily imagine what would happen to the reserve if thousands of tourists walked through it. Hence our main task is to preserve and increase the natural wealth of our region.