Seasonal changes in the forest in spring. Presentation on the topic "seasonal changes in the forest"

We have provided you with a lesson on the surrounding world on the topic “Seasonal changes in the forest. Spring ". Combined lesson. This lesson corresponds to calendar-thematic planning and is the third in the study of the topic “Seasonal changes in the forest.”

Learning task The lesson was to introduce students to the signs of spring, its features, and the life of animals and plants in the forest in spring.

Developmental task - promote the development of attention, memory, the ability to use logical operations - comparison and generalization.

Educational task- cultivate a culture of dialogue, love for nature, respect for it, and the ability to reflect on one’s work in the classroom.

The lesson is closely related to the previous material and builds on subsequent lessons.

The material used in the lesson corresponded to the age characteristics of the children. To achieve the goals of the lesson and develop the cognitive activity of schoolchildren, emotional motivation was used - techniques of critical thinking: compiling syncwines, determining the topic and objectives of the lesson by the students themselves. The chosen structure of the lesson was rational for solving the tasks. The stages of the lesson: the challenge stage, the comprehension stage, the reflection stage - are logically interconnected. Various teaching methods contributed to the productive activity of students: verbal (conversation, explanation), visual, practical (independent work with task cards), as well as the research method of studying new material (work in groups). A solid assimilation of the lesson material was facilitated by tasks to develop memory, attention, and logical thinking. Various forms of educational activities were used: frontal, individual, group work. During the lesson, TSO was used, communication skills were developed, technologies were used: ICT, reflective, RO, student-oriented, gaming. A friendly atmosphere reigned, an atmosphere of cooperation: “student-student”, “teacher-student”.

In accordance with the objectives of the lesson, frequent changes in activities were organized, which made it possible to make the lesson dynamic, optimal in pace and create conditions for the active work of children, intensifying their cognitive activity.

The topic of the lesson is related to the regional component: getting to know the plant of our region.

Throughout the lesson, the guys were quite active, showed independence, proved, gave examples from life, expressed their attitude, and were not afraid to give the wrong answer. The performance of students throughout the lesson was ensured through the implementation of student-centered learning, well-chosen tasks and frequent changes of activities.

The “social interaction” component was implemented in the lesson, that is, each student in the lesson was given the opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in practical activities and receive the approval of the teacher and classmates.

The lesson achieved its goals.

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A lesson on the surrounding world in grade 3 “a” on the topic “Seasonal changes in the forest. Spring"

designed by a primary school teacher

Androsova T. N.

2013-2014 academic year

Topic: Seasonal changes in the forest. Spring.

Goal: to introduce students to the signs of spring, its features, and the life of animals and plants in the forest in spring.

Tasks:

• consolidate students’ knowledge about wintering, nomadic and migratory birds;
• improve knowledge about the rules of behavior in the forest;
• develop and expand knowledge about changes in the life of plants, insects, birds and forest animals;
• introduce plants and forest insects that are dangerous to humans;

• develop memory, attention, creativity, logical thinking;
• cultivate a love for nature and respect for it.

Formation of UUD:

Personal: manifestation of cognitive initiative based on life experience.

Cognitive: carry out the simplest classification of studied objects, carry out simple observations, draw conclusions based on the results obtained.

Regulatory: following instructions when performing a task

Communicative: the ability to construct a monologue, develop skills of cooperation with peers in group work, negotiate the distribution of functions and roles in joint activities.

Equipment: textbook for 3rd grade “The world around us” by Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakova A.N., multimedia projector, presentation for the lesson, cards with tasks for group work, cards with images of birds.

1. During the classes

1. I. Emotional mood for the lesson with visual and audio.

• The bell rang. The lesson begins. Greet your guests. I will smile at you, and you will smile at each other and think how good it is that we are together today.

1. Determining the topic and goals of the lesson.

Listen to the music, look at me carefully. Guys, have you guessed who I am? Why did you decide so?

Right. In previous lessons we talked to you about seasonal changes in the forest in autumn and winter. What are we going to talk about today, what should we learn?

1. Work on the topic of the lesson.

• I am the Red Spring, awakening the earth from sleep, filling the buds with juice, growing flowers in the fields, driving away the ice from the rivers, making the sunrise bright. Everywhere – in the field and in the forest – I bring joy to people. Who is a friend of spring, hurry to me! With only one stipulation: you need to solve the riddles. Ready?

– Guess the riddles and determine the topic of the lesson.

Well, which one of you will answer:

It’s not fire, but it burns painfully,

Not a lantern, but shining brightly,

And not a baker, but a baker.

(Sun.)

They bloom from under the snow,

They welcome spring before everyone else.

(Snowdrops.)

An ice bag hangs outside the window.

It is full of drops and smells like spring.

(Icicle.)

– Why is the riddle about the sun the first? (Because the sun began to rise higher in the sky and spring is replacing winter. “Spring” is the topic of our lesson.)

To earn my approval, you need to read a poem about me. Come on, who is the bravest here? Go quickly to the white birch tree! (children reading poems about spring)

– Listen to poems by Russian poets about spring and identify the signs of spring (students read the poems).

• Why did A.S. Pushkin call spring “the morning of the year”? (Spring is a wonderful and wonderful time of year. At this time, nature wakes up and comes to life after winter sleep.)

What a great fellow you are. They said such beautiful and kind words about me. In gratitude, I invite you to “look” into the forest and observe the changes in the forest in the spring (watch video)

Tell us what signs of spring you saw? (children's answers)

“Spring opens in March,” people say. However, the spring days are counted differently. Calendar spring begins on the first day of March. Phenological – from the first thawed patches and snowdrops. Meteorological – from the transition of the average daily air temperature through zero degrees towards warmth. Astronomical spring does not depend on the vagaries of nature and always occurs on the same day - March 21, the day of the vernal equinox. Guys, what kind of spring has already arrived? (children's answers)

Group work

Do you think you have listed all the changes in nature?
On your tables you have envelopes containing cards with the names of changes in nature. Read, do you understand all the words? (children speak out.)
Your task: working together, divide the words into two groups: changes in nature in spring and winter.
(Cards: Melting snow, drops, soil thawing, thaw, hoarfrost, frost, blizzard, drifting snow, streams, ice drift, flood). We work for 1-2 minutes.
- Let's compare your work (slide on screen)
Winter spring
Frost thaw
Frost streams
Blizzard melting snow
Drizzling snow drops
Soil thawing
flood

Ice drift

– With the onset of spring, the trees wake up and sap flow begins. What is sap flow? (Many trees and shrubs store useful nutrients in the trunk and buds in the fall. Water from the soil, entering the plants, dissolves them, forming sap, which spreads throughout the tree - sap flow has begun in the plant.)

– Trees come to life in spring. The crowns have thickened - these are swollen buds on the branches. The branches of the birches turned bronze. This color is called March tan.

– Who gives the command in nature to bloom? (Sun.) How does this happen? (In spring, melt water penetrates the soil and dissolves minerals, the roots absorb them and transport them along the trunk to the branches to the buds, leaves, and flowers.)

– What flowers do you know that, without waiting for the snow to melt, begin to bloom? What are they called? (Goose onion, primrose, galanthus. These flowers bloom without waiting for the snow to melt.)

– What do you know about these plants? (Student’s message about the snowdrop, a poisonous flower growing in the North Caucasus)

– Who is attracted by the aroma of blooming flowers?

They say spring flowers are a holiday for insects. What insects can be seen in the forest at this time of year? (Bumblebees, flies, bees, butterflies.)

What work do insects do? Are all insects safe for humans? (conversation about ticks and CCHF prevention measures)

Fizminutka
Drops dripped loudly (jumping in place)
All the icicles were crying. (we shake our heads, pressing our hands to our cheeks)
The sun is shining brightly, (hands up, stretch)
We icicles are hot. (we fan ourselves).
Water is already flowing from us (tilt down)
We will melt forever. (straighten up)

And since the insects appeared, they should soon arrive... The birds began to move.

Group work

• You already know migratory, nomadic and wintering birds. Distribute the birds into groups. (Groups are given drawings of birds. Children attach drawings to the board. Group 1 identifies wintering birds, group 2 identifies nomadic birds, group 3 identifies migratory birds). discussion of the task in groups.
• Winter guests - bullfinches and waxwings - are slowly flying north. And rooks, starlings, and larks are already flying from the south. Think about the order in which the birds return to their homeland in the spring. Think about the timing of birds' departure.

The first to set off are those who were the last to fly away from us in the fall. The last ones are those who were the first to fly away from us in the fall. The brightest and most colorful birds arrive later than others: they need to wait for fresh foliage and grass. They are too noticeable on the bare ground and trees, and now they still cannot hide from our enemies - predatory animals and birds.

– Birds are sometimes called “forest Aibolit”. Why? (children's answers). Guess one of these birds.

In the forest to the sound of chirping, ringing and whistling

The forest telegraph operator knocks:

"Great, buddy blackbird!"

And signs... (woodpecker).

- Tell me what you know about the woodpecker. Why is he called “the doctor of our forests”? (student's message about the woodpecker)

– What doctor birds do you know? How do they help the forest?

Sparrow - destroys harmful insects, saves herbaceous plants and trees from pests.

Raven is a forest orderly, collects carrion and cleanses the forest.

Thrush - heals trees. It sticks its beak deep into the ground and pulls out dangerous pests that destroy tree roots from the forest floor.

Pika - the beak is long, thin, like tweezers, and slightly curved down. Can easily climb into any crevice and reach pests.

You and I, in turn, also helped the birds in winter. Tell us how and why? (slide in the presentation with photographs of children who hung feeders in the school garden)

Working from the textbook

- Look at the pictures from: 137. What can you tell us about birds' nests?

A nest is a bird's treasure. It is securely hidden in the grass or leaves. The testicles in it are like a handful of shining jewels. In the song thrush's nest they look like emeralds. But what about emeralds - they are dead! And in the testicles are future chicks. One thing distinguishes a bird's treasure from the real thing: it cannot be touched. Only untouched, undiscovered will it bring joy.

• What birds do humans help build their nests? (But most birds don’t need our help. They work their own miracles.)
• Let's help the birds in the spring too. Together with your parents, make a birdhouse for birds. We will hang them in the school garden.

– Spring songs, spring worries. The birds have arrived, the nest has settled, what next? (Chicks are hatched.) What do you know about this?

The bird's working day lasts 16–19 hours. We need to feed the chicks. But the chicks are growing by leaps and bounds. But chicks are not parasites. The more they eat, the more benefits they get. Which? (Chicks clear forests, gardens, and fields of harmful insects.)

Fizminutka

The wind is blowing in our faces.

The tree swayed.

The wind is getting quieter and quieter...

The tree is getting higher and higher.

Animals in spring

In spring, the life of animals also changes. Tell us about it. (children’s answers based on photographs in the presentation)

In spring, animals give birth to offspring. A moose cow gives birth to one calf, a she-wolf and a fox have 5-6 cubs, a kite has 2-3 chicks in a nest, and a gray partridge has 20 chicks. Why do you think animals have different numbers of babies? (discussion of a problematic issue by children)

Today I would like to introduce you in more detail to one of the forest animals - the elk. People call it “eagly”. Why do you think? (teacher's story about the origin of this name). Besides me, your classmate has prepared a report for you about this animal (student’s report about moose)

Group work "Ecological culture"

When going to the forest, everyone needs to know the rules of behavior in the forest. Do you guys know them? Let's check it out.

Each team receives a sheet that describes a specific situation, behavior in nature that needs to be discussed. The team argues in order, each about its own situation.

Situation 1. "Nest"

• You noticed a nest in the bushes. What will you do?

Situation 2 "Bouquet of primroses"

• The girl picked a bouquet of snowdrops. Your actions.

Situation 3 "Noise in the forest."

• Do you like to listen music. And he took the receiver with him. You walk through the forest and music thunders next to you. Is it good?

Group work.

I see you know very well the rules of behavior in the forest. Can you compose a short verse about me for Spring? Try to put it together. (composing a syncwine about spring in groups, then presenting)

IV. Lesson summary.

What changes occurred in the forest in spring?

Why is spring the most favorable time of the year?

Is there a connection with the arrival of spring in inanimate and living nature?

What new did you learn in class today?

What information did you find interesting and useful for yourself?

V. Reflection.

On the board there is a drawing of the sun and clouds.

Guys, did you enjoy today's lesson? For those who were interested in the lesson, it’s easy, add some more rays to the sun. If you were not interested, not everything was clear, attach the droplets to the cloud.

Sections: Primary School

Goal: to create a set of conditions (substantive, methodological and organizational) for generalizing and systematizing children’s knowledge about the life of the forest and its inhabitants in winter in the process of changing types of educational activities;

• summarize and systematize children’s knowledge about the life of the forest and its inhabitants in winter;
• teach to explain the causes and consequences of winter changes in nature;
• develop cognitive activity, observation, work on the development of students’ mental operations: analysis, synthesis, classification, drawing conclusions;
• develop skills in working with various sources of information;
• cultivate a caring attitude towards nature.

Textbook. Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. We and the world around us: Textbook for 3rd grade. – Samara: Fedorov Corporation, Educational Literature Publishing House, 2004.

Equipment.

1. Multimedia projector, computer .
2. Slide show “Forest zone. Winter".
3. Crossword “Who left a trace?”
4. Recording of literary works: “How winter was born”, G. Skrebitsky “Winter looked into the forest...”.
5. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary.
6. Herbarium of coniferous plants of the winter forest.

I. Organizational moment. (Slide No. 1)

Today I invite you for a walk through the winter forest. Close your eyes. Imagine that you are in a winter forest. What pictures did you see? What sounds of nature did you hear?

White road... White fluff is circling:
Snowflakes fly like a swarm of white flies.
White road, white houses...
The Russian winter has arrived.
A sled is rushing quickly down an icy mountain.
And the wind laughs in the children’s ears. N. Berendgof

II. Definition of the topic.

Our nature is rich, beautiful, diverse at any time of the year. But we don't always notice this beauty. Only to those who know how to observe does nature reveal its secrets.

Will I see how the forest shines through?
Or sedge with lakes -
Not contemplation, but contemplation
It will nail me to nature...

Andrey Voznesensky

Do you understand what it means to “contemplate” nature? What about “sorry”? Has anything in the natural world evoked such strong feelings in you? What experience has ever stuck with you?

III. Learning new material.

1. Conversation “Changes in nature in winter.” ( Slide No. 3)

When does winter start? Why do they say that winter begins differently every year? (Winter begins when the air temperature drops below zero degrees, water bodies freeze, the ground is covered with snow; and December 1 is the beginning of winter according to the calendar.)

FIRST SNOWFLAKE

Winter begins with the first snowflake.
And let her melt, then she’s destined...
But she, the first, will be greeted with a smile
Any eyes and any window.
Look, she's spinning like a feather.
The darkness itself opens up before her!
Without the first snowflake, without the first snowflake
Winter could not come to earth!

Do you think winter has arrived this year? Prove it.

Listen to the fairy tale “How Winter Was Born.” (listening to a fairy tale on magnetic media).

Once upon a time there lived a Green Forest. And not just a Green Forest, but a Singing Green Forest. The birches sang the tender songs of the birches. Oaks - ancient songs of Oaks. Willows – thoughtful songs of Willows. And everything around was singing. The river sang. The Forest Fountain sang. But, of course, the birds sang loudest of all.

This is how this Singing Forest lived. And his songs made everyone happy: the Deer, the Fox, the Squirrel, and even the Hare, whose ear the Bear stepped on. And everyone had fun in this forest. But one day, out of nowhere, an evil, cold Songeater swooped in. The Green Forest was scared. He trembled, turned pale, turned yellow. And the terrible Song Eater began to eat up all the songs in a row.

The Forest became gloomy. He no longer sang, but made a sad noise. Yellow Forest, Autumn Forest. And then the noise stopped. Its leaves faded and fell off.

And everything fell silent. And the River fell silent. And the Forest Spring. And the birds began to gather in alarming flocks.

And everyone felt sad in the forest: the Deer, the Fox, the Squirrel, and even the Hare, whose ear the Bear stepped on.

The forest became quieter and quieter. And now everyone has one last song left:

The birds have a cherished pre-dawn song, The river has the most inconspicuous song, The fontanel has like a handful of coins. The last songs shine between the branches: Here is the song of Osinka, here is the song of Berezka, Here is the song of Echo - only echoes.

It so happened that the Old Snowman wandered into this forest. He was surprised why he could not hear the singing for which this Forest was famous. And the animals said to him:

The terrible Cold Song Eater walks through the forest and eats all the songs.
Help us, said the animals. – Save the last songs of the Forest.

The Old Snowman waved his sleeves and shook out thousands of thousands of snowflakes from his sleeves. They fell and fell and covered the last songs with a light fluffy blanket. The river was covered with ice. Fontana too. And there, hidden under the ice, his song was hidden, like a handful of silver coins. The Old Snowman and the Birch's song were covered in snow fluff. And the birds took their songs to warmer lands until new good times.

The evil Songeater could not find a single song in the White Forest. He whistled and rushed off to an unknown destination.

It became quiet, calm in the Forest. Thus the snow-white Winter was born.

Who turned out to be the treacherous uninvited guest? (Song-eater.)

What kind of guest was the whole forest waiting for? Why do you love winter?

2. Work from the textbook p.85

Listen to how G. Skrebitsky described winter. What new thing did he notice for you in the winter forest? Read your favorite passages from the text. (Selective reading)

Scene 1. Winter forest. (The forest heroes stand decorously, calmly, wearing heavy snow coats and snow-white hats.) Confirm with words from the text.

Scene 2. Footprints in the snow

Think about what other pictures you would like to add to the story? (About birds, animals, winter fun.)

And how beautiful is the fluffy snow flying from above!
It hangs on the branches like white flowers.
Icicles ring in the silence - shards of crystal.
The rivers have fallen asleep under the ice, the fields sleep under the snow.
Frost draws patterns on the window in the morning,
Friends, we have a good winter in our native country.

G. Skrebitsky

Look how white everything is, how much snow there is!
And there are footprints in the snow! I can solve them!

3. Solving the crossword puzzle “Who left the trace?”

Students prove the correctness of their answers.

Answers: horizontally - 2. Squirrel. 3. Elk. 4. Marten.

Vertical – 1. Badger. 2. Beaver. 5. Hare.

In winter, the forest is cold and hungry; snow covers the ground in a continuous blanket. Many animals hibernated or hid in burrows. Some of them, especially in severe January frosts, fall into a dormant state, while others emerge from their burrows only for food. In winter, animals are afraid not so much of the cold as of lack of food.

There are also winters with little snow. Do you think this is good for forest dwellers? ( If there is little snow, this is good for elk, roe deer, and birds. It’s bad for those who sleep in holes and dens.)

Why do animals hibernate? Name such animals.

Biologists have a scientific term - hibernation, What does this word mean? Working with an explanatory dictionary.

Animals go to bed. Every year, with the onset of winter, many animals disappear: some move to where it is warmer, others hibernate. Animal hibernation is called “hibernation”. During hibernation, animals are “content with little”: they stop eating, their heart rate decreases, the intervals between inhalations and exhalations lengthen, and breathing becomes barely noticeable. But hibernation is different. In the case of a bear, long hibernation has nothing to do with real sleep, but is more like winter laziness. Even the groundhog moves from time to time.

Scene 3. Kaleidoscope of animals. (Slide No. 5)

What an amazing and unique world of animals! And what interesting names they have! At home, you prepared an etymological certificate about the names of well-known inhabitants of the Russian forest.

Let's start with the owner of the forest - bear Why was he called that? (There are two roots in the word “bear”: -honey and -ed; he was so named because he really loves to eat honey.)

Wolf - the root in words dragging, dragging, that is drag The wolf is a predatory animal; it drags away livestock.

Hare – this word literally means “jumper”. It came from the Polish language.

Belka is an Old Russian word. The name of the animal is given by color and originally referred only to the white breed of squirrels.

The beaver is a builder of forest dams (named after the color of its beautiful and valuable fur coat, beaver literally means “brown”, “brown”).

4. Work according to the textbook.

Open the textbook on p. 83. Guess the riddles and tell me what else you know about these animals.

What groups can these animals be divided into? (According to wintering method:

1) looking for food, active all winter - foxes, wolves, moose, wild boars;

2) sleep - bears, badgers, hedgehogs. Hibernation helps many animals cope with this difficult time of year. The badger and the squirrel are half asleep. Only on relatively warm days does the squirrel leave the nest and go to its supplies; in the evening it returns to its house (gayno). The badger hunts at night. This clumsy and clumsy animal, the size of a small dog, usually sleeps in winter thanks to its fat reserves, but is partially awake in warm winters. Badgers are useful animals, now very rare, and require strict protection.

Chipmunks and hedgehogs fall into deep sleep. Their body temperature sometimes drops to 2-4°. Hedgehogs, for example, lose all sensitivity and do not even wake up in the mouth of a fox!

3) use food reserves prepared for the winter. To make it easier to survive times of famine, many of our animals and birds stock up on “provisions” for the winter. The chipmunk, for example, makes large stores of seeds and various plant tubers. Therefore, a chipmunk's hole consists of two compartments: a nest where he sleeps, and a pantry for food. The animal is very clean: in the branches of the nest it arranges “toilet rooms” for itself. The squirrel puts pine or spruce cones in its nests and hangs mushrooms on tree branches. In mushroom years, one squirrel has from several dozen to hundreds of dried mushrooms! Some birds also leave small reserves under the bark and in the crevices of trees for the winter: chickadees, nuthatches. Owls harvest voles in hollows. T table of wintering methods for animals.

What other animals can you add to each group? What do you know about them?

IV. Work in pairs. When answering a question, you must put only numbers from 1 to 5: I – hare; 2 – bear; 3 – fox; 4 – wolf; 5 – squirrel.

1. Who has babies in winter? (2.)
2. This animal feeds only on berries, nuts, acorns, and sometimes eggs and chicks. (5.)
3. Who gathers in flocks for winter? (4.)
4. What animal's enemies are owls, crows, foxes, wolves, magpies? (I.)
5. What animal do they say this about: “Runs fast, can crawl, swim, and is very curious”? (3.)
6. Who does his amazing endurance help to survive: he can go without food for many days without losing strength or getting out of shape? (4.)
7. They are caught and eaten by wolves, large birds of prey kidnap the cubs, and golden eagles attack adults. What kind of animals are these? (3.)
8. The tail serves as its rudder and sometimes as a parachute. (5.)
9. He runs quickly uphill, and downhill - head over heels. (1.)

Think about who could complain: “The menu is monotonous: bread crumbs. And even those are often covered with snow. You'll sweat while you get to the bottom of it. Either the wind will blow the food away, or they will completely forget to put it in. Today it’s thick, tomorrow it’s empty.”

Save the birds

The birds turned blue from the cold, that’s why they are called tits.

Feed them yellow millet so that they don’t freeze at all. G. Novitskaya

The guys will tell us about two more interesting birds.

Forest, Russian forest: pine, spruce, aspen, birch.
Forest, Russian forest: here the Snow Maiden wanders with Frost.
Forest, Russian forest: here in the thickets of the forest there are so many secrets and wonders!
Forest! Forest! Forest!

V. Generalization of what has been learned. Work on the board: drawing up a diagram.

VI. Bottom line.

What will you talk about at home after the lesson? What particularly interested you?

The forest is a mystery of nature, which you will gradually study and unravel. I hope that after this lesson nature has acquired its helpers and defenders in you.

Seasons These are the seasons that differ in weather and temperature. They change depending on the annual cycle. Plants and animals adapt well to these seasonal changes.

Seasons on Earth

In the tropics it is never very cold or very hot; there are only two seasons: one is wet and rainy, the other is dry. Near the equator (the imaginary midline) it is hot and humid throughout the year.

Temperate zones (outside the tropics) have spring, summer, autumn and winter. Typically, the closer you are to the North or South Pole, the cooler the summers and colder the winters.

Seasonal changes in plants

Green plants need sunlight and water to form nutrients and grow. They grow most in spring and summer or during wet periods. They tolerate winter or dry seasons differently. Many plants have what is called a rest period. Many plants accumulate nutrients in thickened parts located underground. Their above-ground part dies, the plant rests until spring. Carrots, onions and potatoes are types of nutrient-storing plants that people use.

Trees such as oak and beech shed their leaves in the fall because there is not enough sunlight to produce nutrients in the leaves at this time. In winter they rest, and in spring new leaves appear on them.

Evergreen trees always covered with leaves that never fall. To learn more about evergreen and leaf-shedding trees.

Some evergreen trees, such as pine and spruce, have long, thin leaves called needles. Many of the evergreen trees grow far in the north, where summers are short and cool and winters are harsh. By maintaining their foliage, they can begin to grow as soon as spring arrives.

Deserts are usually very dry, sometimes there is no rain at all, and sometimes there are very short rainy seasons. Seeds germinate and produce new shoots only during the rainy season. The plants bloom and produce seeds very quickly. They accumulate nutrients

Seasonal changes in animals

Some animals, such as reptiles, reduce their activity and fall asleep to survive the cold or dry season. When it gets warmer, they return to an active lifestyle. Other animals behave differently, they have their own ways of surviving during harsh periods.

Some animals, such as the dormouse, sleep all winter. This phenomenon is called hibernation. They eat all summer, accumulating fat so that in winter they can sleep without eating.

Most mammals and birds give birth to their young in the spring, when there is plenty of food everywhere, so they have time to grow and get stronger before winter.

Many animals and birds undertake long journeys, called migrations, to places where there is more food every year. For example, swallows build nests in Europe in the spring and fly to Africa in the fall. In the spring, when it becomes very dry in Africa, they return.

Caribou (called reindeer in Europe and Asia) also migrate, spending their summers in the Arctic Circle. Huge herds eat grass and other small plants where the ice melts. In the fall, they move south to the evergreen forest area and eat plants such as moss and lichen that are under the snow.

Summary of an open lesson on the world around us in 3rd grade

Subject: Forest zone. Seasonal changes in the forest.

Goals: systematize knowledge about autumn, winter, spring and summer changes in nature; develop the ability to analyze and generalize; teach to explain the reasons for changes in nature; cultivate a caring attitude towards nature.

Equipment: landscapes with the seasons, animals for a quiz, tree branches, animals and plants for the food chain, cards with numbers for studying, a card with homework, prohibitory signs about behavior in the forest.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

Smile at each other. I wish you successful answers and expressing your thoughts.

2. Determining the topic and setting lesson goals.

Look at reproductions of paintings by famous artists: I.I. Shishkina, V.D. Polenova, I.I. Levitan. Determine the title of each painting. Why did you decide so?

Determine the topic of our lesson yourself. (Today we will study seasonal changes in the forest.)

We will go to a forest clearing. What is the best way to go on a trip so as not to interfere with the flow of forest life? (On foot.)

Let's name other rules of conduct in the forest (based on cards with prohibitory signs).

What rules have we not mentioned yet?

3. Repetition and generalization of what has been covered.

What is the name of the republic in which we live? (Bashkortostan)

In what climate zone is Bashkortostan located? (In the temperate zone.)

And in what natural area? (Forest.)

What other natural areas do you know? (Desert, steppe, tundra, ice desert, taiga.)

How are these zones different from each other? (Climate, relief, flora and fauna, human occupations.)

The peculiarity of the climate of the forest zone is that 4 seasons are clearly defined in this zone. Which? (Winter spring Summer Autumn.)

4. Studying a new topic.

We walked and walked, and finally we stopped. What time of year did we find ourselves in the forest?

1) The forest is like a painted tower,

Purple, gold, crimson.

A cheerful, motley wall

Standing above a bright clearing.

What time of year are the lines about? (About autumn.)

What changes have occurred in inanimate nature?

On the desk:

Day length

Number of clear days

Air temperature

Precipitation

Let's overhear a conversation between two trees.

One tree boasted of its autumn attire: “You can’t imagine more beautiful clothes than my clothes, there are red, yellow, pink, and orange colors.”

“But I think that such a colorful outfit is indecent for a respectable tree,” said another tree, “the most modest and most beautiful color is green.” I never change this color.

Guess which trees were leading this debate. (Deciduous and coniferous.)

What changes have occurred in the plant world? (Change in leaf color.) Why did the leaf color change?

Let's read the scientific explanation of this phenomenon. (Textbook, p.93)

Name a coniferous tree that sheds all its foliage in the fall, that is, it behaves like a deciduous tree. (Larch.)

- In autumn, plants produce fruits and seeds. Guess them.

They grow on a branch in groups, covered with shells. (Nuts.)

Oak dresses children for ballet without any fuss.

Everyone in his family wears skullcaps. (Acorns.)

Every spring, old spruce lamps are replaced with new ones. (Bumps.)

In the fall, plants produce seeds, and nature has come up with different tricks to spread them.

Look at the textbook illustration p.94. Draw a conclusion about how seeds of wild plants are distributed. (Many seeds are carried by the wind; people and animals carry attached seeds, as well as birds and insects.)

Physical education minute.

Green fir trees sway in the wind. (Swinging left and right.)

They bend low, they bend low. (Bends forward.)

How many green Christmas trees? (Any number.) We will bow as many times as possible.

How many butterflies do we have? (Any number.) Squat as many times as possible.

How many blue handkerchiefs? (Any number.) Let's do that many jumps.

Animal life in autumn is also subject to seasonal changes. Insects hide in various crevices, under the bark of trees. Migratory birds gather in flocks and prepare to fly away . The guys prepared reports about some of the migratory birds.

(Children's reports are heard.)

Wintering birds try to move closer to humans. Proximity to villages, where there is always food waste, will help them feed. Schoolchildren can also help these birds. How? (Make feeders for them.)

In autumn, forest dwellers have a lot to worry about. They are seriously preparing for winter - a harsh, hungry time of year. Who goes to bed? (Bear, groundhog, hedgehog, raccoon, chipmunk) Who makes supplies? (Squirrel, mouse.) Who changes his fur coat? (Hare, squirrel.)

White road... White fluff swirls:

Snowflakes fly like a swarm of white flies.

White road, white houses...

It’s Russian... (Winter.)

What changes in inanimate nature occur with the arrival of winter? (according to plan)

Trees sleep in winter.

As we have already said, animals prepare for winter very seriously. After all, their lives depend on it. Open the textbook on p.96, look at the illustration.

What groups can animals be divided into based on their wintering method? (1 - looking for food, active all winter: foxes, hares, moose, wild boars, wolves; 2 - sleeping - bears, badgers, hedgehogs, raccoons.)

Quiz about animals.

On the desk: drawings with images of a hare (1), bear (2), fox (3), wolf (4), squirrel (5).

Learn cards. They answer the teacher's question by holding up a card with a number corresponding to an animal.

1. Who gives birth to babies in winter? (2)

2. This animal eats only berries, nuts, acorns, and sometimes eggs and chicks. (5)

3. Who gathers in flocks for winter? (4)

4. Which animal’s enemies are owls, crows, foxes, wolves, magpies? (1)

5. About what animal do they say: “Runs fast, can crawl, swim, and is very curious”? (3)

6. Who does his amazing endurance help to survive: he can not eat for several days without losing strength or getting out of shape? (4)

7. They are caught and eaten by wolves, large birds of prey kidnap the cubs, and the golden eagle attacks adults. What kind of animals are these? (3)

8. The tail serves as its rudder and sometimes as a parachute. (5)

9. He runs quickly uphill, and head over heels downhill. (1)

3) Where are you, sunshine, wake up! Where are you, little bird, come back!

Winter is tired of pouring snow, drip-drip-drip - spring has come!

What changes in inanimate nature occur in the spring and why? (The sun began to rise higher in the sky, the temperature rose, the days became longer.)

Which snow melts faster - clean or dirty? (filthy.)

What grows upside down? (Icicle.)

With the warmth of March, the trees shake off their slumber. What do trees breathe? (Kidneys.)

With the onset of spring, the trees wake up, sap flow begins, and buds swell on the trees. Reading the textbook p.93 (from the second sentence).

At this stop we will complete a new task: determine which tree branch?(show cards by teacher)

4) - Finally, we got to the next time of year. Which one? (Summer)

Summer is the time of forest babies. Chicks fly out of the nests. The animals are growing in numbers. The bear cubs are older than all the forest babies, because they were born not like all cubs - in the spring, but in the winter, when their mother was sleeping in the den. In the summer in the forest you will meet many forest babies. Don't offend them!

Task at the “Summer” stop: from the card data make power circuits forest inhabitants.(1 student at the board attaches cards and draws arrows)

5. Lesson summary.

- So our forest journey through the seasons has ended. We learned a lot about the plants and animals of the forest.

Let us once again pay attention to the illustrations of landscapes of different seasons. What is the most beautiful time of year? (It is difficult to choose the most beautiful period; each season has its own beauty.)

We love the forest at any time of the year,

We hear the rivers speaking slowly...

All this is called nature,

Let's always take care of her!

Lesson grades.

Homework: task on the card. (Indicate at what time of year changes in nature occur.)

Slide 2

There are three winter months in the calendar: December - gloomy, January - prosinets, February - snowy. It’s bad in the forest in winter - cold, hungry. With the onset of cold weather, insects, snakes, and frogs become numb. This special state is called suspended animation. Bats, hedgehogs, shrews and other rodents hibernate. The bear and badger do not go into hibernation, but into winter sleep. Mother bears and badgers even give birth to offspring at this time. Winter

Slide 3

Wild boars and elk switch to a camp lifestyle in winter. Moose feed on young branches of pine, birch, rowan, willow, and aspen. Wild boars tear through the snow in search of acorns and nuts. Wood grouse, black grouse, and hazel grouse feed on buds and twigs of blueberries and birches. Frost-sweet rowan berries are a delicacy for birds. Squirrels are not afraid of bitter frost. They live in warm nests and enrich their meager diet with provisions stored in the fall. The worst thing is for the predators: there is too little game left in the forest. The fox mouses, chases hares, hunts wood hens sleeping in the snow. Wolf packs make huge journeys in search of prey; in this hungry wilderness they are truly dangerous. Winter

Slide 4

At the beginning of March, the snow is especially deep, it can be very cold at night, it’s not for nothing that they say: “March sets in with frost.” But the bright sun drives away the night frost: the snow on the roofs melts, sharp icicles hang, and drops begin to fall. It is believed that the first sign of real spring is the return of the rooks. The first thawed patches appear. The trees are still sleeping, only the willow is in a hurry to greet spring: its buds burst and silvery puffs are born. Spring

Slide 5

Green spring begins as soon as the mother and stepmother, the very first, bright yellow flower, blooms. Meanwhile, the forest was almost free of snow. Trees and bushes stand without leaves, but butterflies are already fluttering - hives and lemongrass. And finally we decorated ourselves with alder and hazel earrings. The fragrant pink flowers of the poisonous wolf's bast are blooming. In some places you can find the first mushrooms - morels and strings. Spring

Slide 6

In the last week of April, an incredible explosion of life occurs in nature - trees and shrubs seem to be racing to turn green. The bird cherry blossoms are the first to bloom. Elderberry and wolf's bast, lilac and fragrant poplar, viburnum and rowan are hurrying behind her. In the last days of April, the elm blooms. Having barely had time to turn green, the birch tree is already dusty with yellow catkins. Bird cherry blossoms in mid-May. Spring

Slide 7

In the spring, as soon as the leaves unfold, insect larvae appear, butterflies and beetles wake up and begin to feed on fresh leaves. Plants and insects attract herbivorous and insectivorous animals. The hare changes its white fur to gray. Mammals - hedgehogs, bats, badgers - awaken from hibernation. Birds return from distant travels. The first concern of all birds is to build a nest, hatch and feed the chicks. In spring, different animals give birth to offspring. Spring

Slide 8

Due to the riot of flowers, June is popularly called multi-colored. What kind of grace reigns in the forest! There is a subtle aroma of blooming rowan in the air - a sure sign that frost is no longer dangerous. Viburnum and raspberries flaunt their white outfit, cornflowers, daisies, and violets are blooming. In June, mammals finish molting. Summer outfit skillfully camouflages animals against a colorful summer background. Almost all the inhabitants of the forest have acquired offspring, and now they have their mouths full of troubles. Summer

Slide 9

The time of flowering ends, the time of ripening begins. Strawberries, blueberries, blueberries scattered their colorful beads everywhere. A rich harvest of berries temporarily turns even the most inveterate predators into vegetarians - marten, fox, not to mention the bear: this furry sweet tooth is ready to feast on all the berries in a row. At the beginning of June, the first boletus, boletus and boletus begin to appear. Summer

Slide 10

Gifts of the forest

Slide 11

The arrival of autumn in deciduous and mixed forests is immediately visible. First, the color of leaves on trees and shrubs changes, and then leaf fall begins. Who painted the leaves on the trees? The answer is simple: no one! The fact is that leaves contain not only green chlorophyll. There is also a yellow pigment - carotenoid, and a red-violet pigment - anthocyanin. In summer, chlorophyll is the most active. In autumn, chlorophyll is destroyed, yellow and red substances appear, and the color of the leaves begins to change. Then they begin to fall off. But in nature nothing is wasted in vain! Very little time will pass, the fallen leaves will turn into humus and give life to new green shoots. Autumn

Slide 12

In autumn, plants produce fruits and seeds. Nature has come up with various tricks to spread them across the earth. Ripe seeds of autumn maple - lionfish - are carried by the wind. The oak and acorns are reluctant to part with. He drops fruits at a time when all other trees have already dropped their leaves. In a damp, broken layer of fallen leaves, and even covered with a thick layer of snow, acorns are reliably protected from drying out and from frost. Blackbirds swallow rowan berries whole. The seeds are not digested in their stomach and are thrown out along with the droppings. This is how these birds distribute the seeds of many shrubs and trees. Autumn

Slide 13

Animals and birds are preparing for winter. They tirelessly stockpile food in their pantries. Animals accumulate fat. At other times of the year, animals do not get so fat. Hibernating badgers, bears and hedgehogs accumulate especially a lot of fat for the winter. Provisions are stored by squirrels, chipmunks, and mouse-like rodents. The squirrel collects acorns and nuts and dries mushrooms on the branches. Bird seeds are prepared: jays, tits. For the winter, beavers build underwater warehouses from thin trees and branches that are “preserved” under water. Autumn

Slide 14

List of used literature

V. Morozov “Stories about the Russian forest.” V.P.Gerasimov “Fauna of our Motherland.” O. Molchan, L. Shchekotova “Forest”

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