A message about Griboyedov, a short biography. Biography of Griboyedov: interesting facts
Brief biography of the poet, basic facts of life and work:
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov (1795-1829)
Three writers gave our people the most of all the winged words that have become, in fact, sayings, native everyday speech. These are Krylov, Griboyedov, Pushkin. If we take into account that Griboyedov wrote only one work, then in this sense he can be put in the first place.
Starting with the famous phrase "Who are the judges?" you can give, and give, and give examples. The comedy "Woe from Wit" already in its title contains a saying. And then - "Ah, evil tongues are worse than a gun", "Bah! All familiar faces "," Blessed is he who believes, warmth to him in the world "," In my years he should not dare / Have his own judgment "," Attraction, a kind of ailment "," The times of the Ochakovskys and the conquest of the Crimea "," All the calendars are lying " , "The hero of not my novel", "The door is open for the invited and uninvited", "Distances of a huge size", "There is something to come from in despair", "Dull ideas", "And the smoke of the fatherland is sweet and pleasant to us" - what a brilliant line , it was quoted innumerable times, and with what feelings it was pronounced in emigration ...
“The present century and the past century”, “The women shouted hurray / And threw their caps into the air”, “Million of torments”, “Pass us more than all sorrows / And the lordly anger, and the lordly love”, “Isn't it possible for walks / Away to choose a corner "," Well, how not to please a dear little man "," Signed, so off your shoulders "," I'll go look around the world, / Where the offended feeling has a corner "," Listen, lie, but know the measure "," With feeling, with plainly, with an arrangement "," The legend is fresh, but hard to believe "," They won't say a word in simplicity, / everything with a grimace "," I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve "- this phrase of Griboyedov excited the souls of entire generations.
"Happy hours are not observed" - this expression of the poet has become, of course, a saying. Researchers see here a connection with Schiller's expression "Happy does not strike."
“If evil were to be stopped, / Take all the books and burn them”, “Frenchie from Bordeaux”, “What he says! And he speaks as he writes! ”,“ What a commission, creator, / To be a father to an adult daughter ”,“ I walked into a room, got into another one ”,“ Noise, brother, we are making noise ”...
This is the richness of language in Griboyedov's comedy. People who had read it in the manuscript continued to sprinkle phrases, retelling the comedy to their acquaintances. The content, of course, worried above all, but what language is this content expressed! The language of heroes has become the main expression of images. Largely because of the language, even the names of the heroes of the comedy themselves became winged - Molchalin, Famusov, Skalozub.
About the essence of the comedy "Woe from Wit" Pushkin wrote: "A dramatic writer should be judged according to the laws he himself has recognized over himself. Consequently, I do not condemn either the plan, or the plot, or the decency of Griboyedov's comedy. Its purpose is character and a sharp picture of morals. In this respect Famusov and Skalozub are excellent. Sophia is not clearly drawn: not that ... or Moscow's cousin. Molchalin is not rather harshly mean; was it not necessary to make a coward out of him? An old spring, but a civilian coward in the big light between Chatsky and Skalozub could be very funny. Sick talk, gossip, Repetilov's story about the clob, Zagoretsky, notorious and universally accepted - these are the features of a truly comic genius. Now the question. In the comedy Woe from Wit, who is the smart character? Answer: Griboyedov. Do you know what Chatsky is? An ardent, noble and kind fellow, who spent some time with a very intelligent person (namely with Griboyedov) and was saturated with his thoughts, witticisms and satirical remarks. Everything he says is very clever. But to whom does he say all this? Famusov? Skalozub? At the ball for Moscow grandmothers? Molchalin? This is unforgivable. The first sign smart person- to know at first glance who you are dealing with, and not to throw pearls in front of Repetilov and the like ... Listening to his comedy, I did not criticize, but enjoyed it. These remarks came to my mind after, when I could no longer cope. At least I am speaking directly, bluntly, as a true talent. "
And Pushkin also said: "I am not talking about poetry: half should be included in proverbs." And so it happened.
There were a lot of opinions about the comedy - and very different. Such a seer like Belinsky, at first enthusiastically accepted “Woe from Wit”, but after a few years he changed his mind, noting the ingenious finish of the work, condemning the content “This is just a screamer, a phrase-monger (about Chatsky), an ideal jester ... really enter society and start to scold fools and brutes in the face means to be a deep person? "
But a few years later Belinsky will again return to this comedy and write: “The hardest thing for me to remember is 'Woe from Wit', which I condemned ... this is still the first) protest against the vile racial reality, against officials, bribe-takers, lecherous bar ... against ignorance, voluntary servitude ... ".
Most praised the "civil way of thinking." The comedy was scolded by those at whom Griboyedov's satire was directed - the Moscow Governor-General, Prince Golitsyn ...
Griboyedov was born, according to some sources, in 1795, according to others - in 1790, in Moscow. It is generally accepted that the first date is correct. The father was an officer. The great playwright received his primary education at home under the guidance of the librarian of Moscow University, scientist-encyclopedist Petrozilius. In 1806 he entered the verbal department of Moscow University, from which he graduated with the title of candidate. Alexander Sergeevich was versatile talented: he knew the main European languages, knew the ancient languages, later studied the Eastern languages, had a musical gift - his two waltzes are known, which are sometimes performed at concerts, and was interested in science.
During Patriotic War In 1812 Griboyedov voluntarily joined the hussar regiment. But he was not able to participate in the battles.
In 1815 he translated the play "Family Secret" by the French playwright Lesser, which was immediately staged by the Maly Theater. He wrote polemical articles, including about the theater.
In June 1817, almost simultaneously with Pushkin and Kuchelbecker, Griboyedov joined the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. He was familiar with all the prominent writers of his time.
Griboyedov's life changed dramatically after a duel in which one of its participants, V.V. Sheremetev, was mortally wounded. Shocked by what had happened, Griboyedov took the post of secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission in Persia. It was rumored that it was a disguised link. Griboyedov called this period of his life "a diplomatic monastery" - he made many sketches, plans, in those years the idea of "Woe from Wit" matured.
This play was written in the early 1820s, and was first staged in St. Petersburg and Moscow only in 1831. It was published for the first time without censorship bills, first abroad in 1858, and in Russia in 1862.
Griboyedov read a lot of his comedy in salons, so the world knew it before the production, and it was a huge success.
As a diplomat, Griboyedov showed himself perfectly in concluding the Turkmanchay peace with Persia, which was beneficial for Russia. For this he was generously awarded and elevated to the rank of plenipotentiary minister-resident of Russia in Persia.
On June 6, 1828, Griboyedov set off for the East again. He left with heavy forebodings, but it was necessary to carry out two important assignments stipulated by the peace treaty. On the way, he stopped in Tiflis and married the daughter of the Georgian poet Chavchavadze - Nina Alexandrovna.
Two important assignments in Persia are the collection of indemnities and the sending of Russian subjects to their homeland. It was difficult to carry out these orders, first of all, because some members of the English mission set the embittered and fanatical Persians against Griboyedov.
It was thanks to incitement in Tehran in December 1829 that a villainous attack on the Russian mission by a fanatical crowd took place - all members of the mission, except one person, were killed. Griboyedov courageously defended himself to the last. His body was so disfigured that it was possible to identify Griboyedov only by his left hand, shot through in a duel with Yakubovich.
Pushkin said about the death of Griboyedov: “The very death that befell him in the midst of a bold, unequal battle, had nothing terrible for Griboyedov, nothing painful. She was instant and beautiful. "
Everyone, of course, has read the play "Woe from Wit", so there is no point in retelling it. I just want to highlight a few accents.
Is there an anti-serfdom orientation in Woe from Wit? Of course there is, although it seems that it is not customary to talk about it now.
On the other hand, the days of serfdom are long gone, but this comedy is always relevant. Why? Because Griboyedov created eternal images that reflect the modern puffers, famus, silent ones. After all, today around us there are both the rogue Zagoretsky and the noisy Repetilov. Yes, and Chatsky, this young man of the first quarter of the 19th century, still belongs not only to his time - there are always new outbursts of the struggle for bright ideals, when it is necessary to expose the vices of the past in order to strive for something more worthy. At all times, a person despairs, disbelieves and can repeat after Chatsky:
I’m running, I don’t look back, I’ll go looking around the world,
Where the offended one has a corner.
The main conflict of the comedy - between Chatsky and Famusov - is not in the dispute between intelligence and stupidity, but in different views on life in general. It is rather a moral conflict. The great Russian writer Ivan Goncharov said: "Chatsky is inevitable with every change of one century to another."
A special gift of a playwright lies in the ability to create such images so that actors can fully express their talents, regardless of eras and situations. Therefore, "Woe From Wit" has not left the Russian stage for two centuries. It has everything for all times.
* * *You have read a biography (facts and years of life) in a biographical article dedicated to the life and work of the great poet.
Thank you for reading. ............................................
Copyright: biographies of the lives of great poets
A.S. Griboyedov is a famous Russian playwright, a brilliant publicist, a successful diplomat, one of the smartest people of its time. He entered as the author of one work - the comedy "Woe from Wit". However, the work of Alexander Sergeevich is not limited to writing the famous play. Everything that this person undertook bears the imprint of a unique talent. His fate was embellished with extraordinary events. The life and work of Griboyedov will be briefly described in this article.
Childhood
Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich was born in 1795, on January 4, in the city of Moscow. He was brought up in a wealthy and well-born family. His father, Sergei Ivanovich, was a retired second-major at the time of the boy's birth. Alexander's mother - Anastasia Fedorovna - as a girl, bore the same surname as she was married - Griboyedova. The future writer grew up unusually developed child... At the age of six, he already owned three foreign languages... In his youth, he became fluent in Italian, German, French and English. (Ancient Greek and Latin) were also an open book for him. In 1803, the boy was sent to a noble boarding school at Moscow University, in which he spent three years.
Youth
In 1806, Alexander Sergeevich entered Moscow University. Two years later, he became a candidate of verbal sciences. However, Griboyedov, whose life and work are described in this article, did not leave his studies. He entered first the moral and political department, and then - the physics and mathematics. The brilliant abilities of the young man were obvious to everyone. He could have made an excellent career in science or in the diplomatic field, but a war suddenly burst into his life.
Military service
In 1812, Alexander Sergeevich volunteered for the Moscow hussar regiment, commanded by Peter Ivanovich Saltykov. Young cornettes from the most famous noble families became the young man's co-workers. Until 1815, the writer was in military service. His first literary experiments date back to 1814. Creativity Griboyedov began with the essay "On Cavalry Reserves", the comedy "Young Spouses" and "Letters from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher."
in the capital
In 1816, Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov retired. The life and work of the writer began to develop according to a completely different scenario. He met A.S. Pushkin and V.K. Kuchelbecker, became the founder of the Du Bien Masonic lodge and took up the diplomatic service as the provincial secretary. In the period from 1815 to 1817, Alexander Sergeevich, in collaboration with friends, created several comedies: "Student", "Feigned infidelity", "Own family or Married bride". Creativity Griboyedov is not limited to dramatic experiences. He writes critical articles ("On the analysis of a free translation of Burger's ballad" Lenora ") and composes poetry (" Lubochny Theater ").
On South
In 1818, Alexander Sergeevich refused to work as an official in the United States and was appointed secretary to the tsar's attorney in Persia. Before his trip to Tehran, the playwright finished work on the play "Interlude Samples". Griboyedov, whose work was just gaining fame, began to keep travel diaries on the way to Tiflis. These recordings revealed another facet of the writer's sparkling talent. He was the original author of ironic travel notes. In 1819, Griboyedov's work was enriched with the poem "Forgive me, Fatherland". At about the same time, he was finishing work on "Letter to the Publisher from Tiflis on January 21st". Diplomatic activity in Persia was very burdensome for Alexander Sergeevich, and in 1821, for health reasons, he moved to Georgia. Here he became close to Kuchelbecker and made the first rough sketches of the comedy Woe from Wit. In 1822 Griboyedov began work on the drama "1812".
Metropolitan life
In 1823, Alexander Sergeevich managed to leave the diplomatic service for a while. He devoted his life to creation, continued work on "Woe from Wit", composed the poem "David", the dramatic scene "Youth of the Prophetic" and the cheerful vaudeville "Who is a brother, who is a sister, or a deception behind deceit". Creativity Griboyedov, short description which is presented in this article was not limited to literary activity... In 1823 the first edition of his popular waltz "e-moll" was published. In addition, Alexander Sergeevich published discussion notes in the "Desiderata" magazine. Here he argues with contemporaries on issues of Russian literature, history and geography.
"Woe from Wit"
In 1824, a great event took place in the history of Russian drama. Finished work on the comedy "Woe from Wit" by A.S. Griboyedov. The work of this talented person will forever remain in the memory of descendants precisely because of this work. The bright and aphoristic style of the play contributed to the fact that it completely "went into quotations."
The comedy combines elements of classicism and innovative for that time realism and romanticism. The merciless satire on the capital's aristocratic society of the first half of the 19th century amazed with its wit. However, the comedy "Woe from Wit" was unconditionally accepted by the Russian public. From now on, everyone learned and appreciated literary creation Griboyedov. A short description of the play cannot give a complete picture of the genius of this immortal piece.
Back to the Caucasus
In 1825, Alexander Sergeevich had to give up his intention to go to Europe. The writer had to return to service, and at the end of May he went to the Caucasus. There he learned Persian, Georgian, Turkish and Arabic languages... On the eve of his trip to the south, Griboyedov finished the translation of the fragment "Prologue in the Theater" from the tragedy "Faust". He also managed to compose notes on the work of D.I. Tsikulina "Unusual adventures and travels ...". On the way to the Caucasus, Alexander Sergeevich visited Kiev, where he talked with prominent figures of the revolutionary underground: S.P. Trubetskoy, M.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. After that, Griboyedov spent some time in the Crimea. Creativity, a summary of which is presented in this article, has received a new development these days. The writer conceived the creation of an epic tragedy about Baptism in Russia and constantly kept a travel diary, which was published only thirty years after the death of the author.
Sudden arrest
After returning to the Caucasus, Alexander Sergeevich wrote "Predators on Chegem" - a poem created under the impression of A.A. Velyaminov. However, soon another fateful event happened in the life of the writer. In 1926, in January, he was arrested on suspicion of belonging to secret society Decembrists. The freedom, life and work of Griboyedov were under threat. A brief study of the writer's biography gives an idea of the incredible stress he was in all these days. The investigation failed to find evidence of Alexander Sergeevich's involvement in the revolutionary movement. Six months later, he was released from arrest. Despite the complete rehabilitation, the writer was under secret surveillance for some time.
last years of life
In 1926, in September, A.S. Griboyedov returned to Tiflis. He again took up diplomatic activity. Thanks to his efforts, Russia concluded a profitable Turkmanchay peace treaty. Alexander Sergeevich himself delivered the text of the document to St. Petersburg, received the post of resident minister (ambassador) in Iran and left for his destination. On the way, he stopped at Tiflis. There he met with the grown-up daughter of his friend - Nina Chavchavadze. Struck by the beauty of the young girl, the writer immediately proposed to her. He married Nina a few months later - on August 22, 1828. Alexander Sergeevich took his young wife with him to Persia. This gave the happy spouse a few more weeks of marriage.
Tragic death
In Persia, Alexander Sergeevich had to work hard. He constantly visited Tehran, where he conducted diplomatic negotiations in a very tough manner. The Russian emperor demanded inexorable firmness from his ambassador. For this, the Persians called the diplomat "cruel". This policy has borne tragic results. In 1929, on January 30, the Russian mission was destroyed by a crowd of rebellious fanatics. Thirty-seven people died at the embassy. Among them was A.S. Griboyedov. His torn body was subsequently identified only by his left hand injured in his youth. This is how one of the most gifted people of his time died.
Griboyedov did not manage to complete many literary projects. Creativity, a brief description of which is offered in this article, is replete with unfinished works, the most talented sketches. One can understand what a gifted writer Russia lost at that moment.
The table of the life and work of Griboyedov is presented below.
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born. |
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1806 - 1811 | The future writer is studying at Moscow University. |
Griboyedov joins the Moscow Hussar Regiment with the rank of a cornet. |
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Alexander Sergeevich retires and begins high life in the capital. |
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Griboyedov becomes an employee |
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1815-1817 years | The playwright writes his first comedies, independently and in collaboration with friends. |
Alexander Sergeevich enters the post of secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission in Tehran. |
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The writer finished work on the poem "Forgive me, Fatherland!" |
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Griboyedov is involved as a secretary in the diplomatic unit under General A.P. Ermolov, commander of all Russian troops in the Caucasus. |
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Alexander Sergeevich is finishing work on the comedy "Woe from Wit". |
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1826, January | Griboyedov is arrested on suspicion of having links with the Decembrist rebels. |
Alexander Sergeevich is released from custody. |
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The Russo-Persian war begins. Griboyedov goes to serve in the Caucasus. |
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Conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty, signed with the direct participation of Griboyedov |
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1828, April | Alexander Sergeevich is appointed to the post of plenipotentiary minister-resident (ambassador) to Iran. |
Griboyedov is married to Nina Chavchavadze. The place of the wedding is the Tiflis Cathedral of Sioni. |
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Alexander Sergeevich dies during the defeat of the Russian mission in Tehran. |
Even an abbreviated sketch of the life and work of Griboyedov gives an idea of what an outstanding personality Alexander Sergeevich was. His fate was short, but surprisingly fruitful. Until the end of his days, he was devoted to the Motherland and died defending its interests. These are the people our country should be proud of.
Biography and episodes of life Alexandra Griboyedova. When born and died Alexander Griboyedov, memorable places and dates important events his life. Quotes from the playwright, images and videos.
Years of life of Alexander Griboyedov:
born January 4, 1795, died January 30, 1829
Epitaph
"Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why has my love survived you?"
The inscription made by A. Griboyedov's wife on his tombstone
Biography
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov left a mark on Russian literature as the author of one work - the famous play "Woe from Wit". Everything he wrote before this thing was still immature in a youthful way, and the author did not have time to finish what he wrote after. Meanwhile, Griboyedov was a man of brilliant mind and versatile talents: he composed music, played the piano perfectly, wrote critical articles and essays, and was promoted to the diplomatic service. Perhaps, had his life not ended so tragically, today the descendants would have inherited a much more extensive legacy of Griboyedov.
Griboyedov was born in Moscow, in rich family and from childhood he was distinguished by his lively and sharp mind and learning ability. At the age of 6, Griboyedov spoke three foreign languages fluently, later learned three more.
After graduating from the university, Griboyedov gave some time to military service, but soon left it for the sake of writing exercises, metropolitan life and, subsequently, a diplomatic career. Griboyedov was sent east, then to the Caucasus, learned four more languages and continued to work on translations, poems and things in prose.
In the same place, in Tiflis, Griboyedov married a beautiful and noble girl, Princess Nina Chavchavadze. Alas, the young people managed to live together for only a few months.
The death of Griboyedov in his prime became sudden and tragic. A crowd of religious fanatics smashed the Russian embassy in Tehran and killed everyone who was there. Griboyedov's body was so mutilated that it was possible to identify him only by the trail of a duel wound on his arm.
Griboyedov was buried in Tiflis, near the Church of St. David on the slope of Mount Mtatsminda. On the centenary of his death in 1929, a pantheon was opened at the burial place of the playwright and his wife, where the remains of many outstanding public figures Georgia.
Life line
January 4, 1795 Date of birth of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov.
1803 g. Admission to the Moscow University Noble Boarding School.
1805 g. Work on the first poems.
1806 g. Admission to the verbal department of Moscow University.
1808 g. Obtaining the title of candidate of verbal sciences, continuing education at the moral and political, and then at the physics and mathematics departments.
1812 g. Joining the volunteer Moscow hussar regiment of Count Saltykov.
1814 g. The first literary experiences (articles, essays, translations) while serving as a cornet.
1815 g. Moving to St. Petersburg. Publication of the comedy "Young Spouses".
1816 g. Leaving military service. Joining the Masonic lodge. The emergence of the idea of a comedy in the verse "Woe from Wit".
1817 g. Joining the diplomatic service (provincial secretary, later - translator of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs).
1818 g. Appointment to the post of secretary in Tehran (in Persia).
1821 g. Transfer to Georgia.
1822 g. Appointment to the post of secretary under General Ermolov, commander of the Russian army in Tiflis.
1823 g. Returning home, life in St. Petersburg and Moscow.
1824 g. Completion of the comedy "Woe from Wit".
1825 g. Return to the Caucasus.
1826 g. Arrest on suspicion of belonging to the Decembrists, investigation in St. Petersburg, release and return to Tiflis.
1828 g. Appointment as a resident minister in Iran, marriage to Princess Nina Chavchavadze.
January 30, 1829 Date of death of Alexander Griboyedov.
June 18, 1829 Funeral of Griboyedov in Tiflis, near the Church of St. David.
Memorable places
1. House number 17 on Novinsky Boulevard in Moscow, where Griboyedov was born and raised (a replica of the original building).
2. Moscow University, where Griboyedov studied.
3. House number 104 (apartment building Walha) on the emb. the Griboyedov Canal (formerly the Catherine Canal) in St. Petersburg, where the playwright lived in 1816-1818.
4. House No. 25 on Kirov Avenue (former hotel "Atinskaya") in Simferopol, where Griboyedov lived in 1825.
5. House number 22 on the street. Chubinashvili in Tbilisi (formerly Tiflis), now the house-museum of Ilya Chavchavadze, where the wedding of his granddaughter Nina with Griboyedov took place.
6. Pantheon Mtatsminda in Tbilisi, where Griboyedov is buried.
Episodes of life
In 1817, the famous quadruple duel took place with the participation of Griboyedov, the cause of which was the famous ballerina Istomina. Griboyedov and his opponent Yakubovich fired a year later than the first pair of duelists, and in this duel Griboyedov was wounded in the arm.
The famous E-minor waltz, written by Griboyedov, is considered the first Russian waltz, the score of which has survived to our time.
By the time of the wedding with Griboyedov, Nina Chavchavadze was only 15 years old, but after the death of her husband, she remained faithful to him and mourned for him until her own death at the age of 45, rejecting all courtship. Loyalty deceased husband won his widow respect and fame among the Tiflissians.
Covenants
"Blessed is he who believes, warmth to him in the world."
"Happy hours are not observed."
“Not the pleasure of life is the goal,
Our life is not a consolation. "
Two waltzes by A. Griboyedov
Condolences
"In my life I have never seen a person in any people who loved his fatherland so ardently, so passionately, as Griboyedov loved Russia."
Thaddeus Bulgarin, writer and critic
“The blood of his heart was always playing on his face. No one will boast of his flattery; no one dares to say that they have heard a lie from him. He could deceive himself, but never deceive. "
Alexander Bestuzhev, writer and critic
"There is something wild about Griboyedov, de farouche, de sauvage, in vanity: it rears up at the slightest irritation, but he is smart, fiery, it is always fun to be with him."
Pyotr Vyazemsky, poet and critic
Prince Alexander Alexandrovich Shakhovskoy (1777-1846) - Russian playwright and theatrical figure from the Shakhovsky family. From 1802 to 1826 he served in the St. Petersburg Directorate of the Imperial Theaters and actually directed the theaters of St. Petersburg. In 1811-1815, Shakhovskoy took an active part in the activities of "Conversations of lovers of the Russian word." At this time, he wrote a poetic comedy "A Lesson to Coquettes, or Lipetsk Waters." In terms of artistic merit, this play towered above everything that was created in Russia in the field of poetic comedy after Kapnist's Yabeda and before Woe from Wit. ()
10. Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich(1784-1833) - poet and translator. Griboyedov wrote a critical article against Gnedich, who sharply criticized Katenin's translation of Burger's ballad Lenora. Gnedich considered Zhukovsky's ballad "Lyudmila" to be an exemplary translation of this work. Griboyedov noted the inaccuracies of Zhukovsky's translation, which softened the style of the original, and defended Katenin's popular translation. Despite this harsh criticism, Griboyedov appreciated Gnedich as a writer and translator. In 1824, returning to St. Petersburg, he considered it necessary to visit him and in a letter to P.A. inflated, but it seems that he is much cleverer than many here "(
Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov
Russian diplomat, poet, playwright, pianist and composer, nobleman; state councilor (1828); Griboyedov is known for the brilliantly rhymed play "Woe from Wit" (1824), which is still very often staged in theaters in Russia, it served as the source of numerous catch phrases
Alexander Griboyedov
short biography
- a famous Russian writer, poet, playwright, brilliant diplomat, state councilor, author of the legendary play in verse "Woe from Wit", was a descendant of an old noble family. Born in Moscow on January 15 (January 4, O.S.) 1795, from early years proved to be extremely developed, and versatile, as a child. Wealthy parents tried to give him an excellent home education, and in 1803 Alexander became a pupil of the Moscow University Noble Boarding School. At the age of eleven, he was already a student at Moscow University (language department). Becoming a candidate of verbal sciences in 1808, Griboyedov graduated from two more departments - moral and political and physical and mathematical. Alexander Sergeevich became one of the most educated people among his contemporaries, knew about a dozen foreign languages, was very gifted musically.
With the outbreak of the Patriotic War of 1812, Griboyedov joined the ranks of the volunteers, but he did not have to participate directly in hostilities. In the rank of cornet, Griboyedov served in a cavalry regiment in reserve in 1815. The first literary experiments date back to this time - the comedy "Young Spouses", which was a translation of a French play, the article "On Cavalry Reserves", "Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher."
At the beginning of 1816 A. Griboyedov retired and came to live in St. Petersburg. Working in the College of Foreign Affairs, he continues his studies in a new writing field for himself, makes translations, joins the theatrical and literary circles. It was in this city that fate gave him an acquaintance with A. Pushkin. In 1817 A. Griboyedov tried his hand at drama, writing the comedies "Own Family" and "Student".
In 1818 Griboyedov was appointed secretary of the tsarist attorney, who headed the Russian mission in Tehran, and this radically changed his further biography. The expulsion of Alexander Sergeevich to a foreign land was regarded as a punishment for the fact that he acted as a second in a scandalous duel with a fatal outcome. The stay in Iranian Tabriz (Tabriz) was really painful for the aspiring writer.
In the winter of 1822, Tiflis became Griboyedov's new place of service, and General A.P. Ermolov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Tehran, commander of Russian troops in the Caucasus, under which Griboyedov was secretary for diplomatic affairs, became the new chief. It was in Georgia that he wrote the first and second acts of the comedy "Woe from Wit". The third and fourth acts were already composed in Russia: in the spring of 1823 Griboyedov left the Caucasus on home leave. In 1824, in St. Petersburg, the last point was made in the work, whose path to fame turned out to be a thorny one. The comedy could not be published due to the prohibition of censorship and was sold in handwritten copies. Only small fragments "slipped" into print: in 1825 they were included in the issue of the almanac "Russian Thalia". The brainchild of Griboyedov was highly appreciated by A.S. Pushkin.
Griboyedov planned to take a trip to Europe, but in May 1825 he had to urgently return to service in Tiflis. In January 1826, in connection with the case of the Decembrists, he was arrested, held in a fortress, and then taken to St. Petersburg: the writer's surname appeared several times during interrogations, moreover, during searches, handwritten copies of his comedy were found. Nevertheless, in the absence of evidence, the investigation had to release Griboyedov, and in September 1826 he returned to his official duties.
In 1828, the Turkmanchay peace treaty was signed, which corresponded to the interests of Russia. He played a certain role in the biography of the writer: Griboyedov took part in its conclusion and delivered the text of the agreement to St. Petersburg. For his merits, the talented diplomat was awarded a new position - plenipotentiary minister (ambassador) of Russia in Persia. In his appointment, Alexander Sergeevich saw "political exile", plans for the implementation of numerous creative ideas collapsed. With a heavy heart, in June 1828 Griboyedov left St. Petersburg.
Getting to his place of service, for several months he lived in Tiflis, where in August he was married to 16-year-old Nina Chavchavadze. He left for Persia with his young wife. In the country and abroad, there were forces that were not satisfied with the growing influence of Russia, which cultivated in the minds of the local population hostility towards its representatives. On January 30, 1829, the Russian embassy in Tehran was brutally attacked by a brutal crowd, and one of its victims was A.S. Griboyedov, who was mutilated to such an extent that he was later identified only by a characteristic scar on his arm. The body was taken to Tiflis, where the grotto at the Church of St. David became its last refuge.
Biography from Wikipedia
Origins and early years
Griboyedov was born in Moscow, in a wealthy, well-born family. His ancestor, Jan Grzybowski (Polish Jan Grzybowski), moved from Poland to Russia at the beginning of the 17th century. The surname Griboyedov is nothing more than a kind of translation of the surname Grzybowski. Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Fyodor Akimovich Griboyedov was a rank clerk and one of the five compilers of the Cathedral Code of 1649.
- Father - Sergei Ivanovich Griboyedov (1761-1814), retired second-major;
- Mother - Anastasia Fedorovna (1768-1839), nee also Griboyedova - from the Smolensk branch of this clan, and her family was richer and considered more noble;
- Sister - Maria Sergeevna Griboyedova (Durnovo);
- Brother - Paul (died in infancy);
- Wife - Nina Alexandrovna Chavchavadze (cargo. ნინო ჭავჭავაძე)(November 4, 1812 - June 28, 1857).
According to the testimony of relatives, in childhood Alexander was very focused and unusually developed. There is information that he was the great-nephew of Alexander Radishchev (this was carefully concealed by the playwright himself). At the age of 6, he was fluent in three foreign languages, in his youth already six, in particular, fluently in English, French, German and Italian. He understood Latin and Ancient Greek very well.
In 1803 he was sent to the Moscow University Noble Boarding School; three years later, Griboyedov entered the verbal department of Moscow University. In 1808 (at the age of 13) he graduated from the department of words of the university with a Ph.D. degree in verbal sciences, but did not leave his studies, but entered the ethical-political (legal) department of the philosophical faculty. In 1810 he received his Ph.D. in law and remained at the university to study mathematics and natural sciences.
War
On September 8, 1812, the cornet Griboyedov fell ill and remained in Vladimir, and, presumably, until November 1, 1812, due to illness, did not appear in the regiment's location. In the summer, during the Patriotic War of 1812, when the enemy appeared on the territory of Russia, he joined the Moscow Hussar Regiment (volunteer irregular unit) of Count Pyotr Ivanovich Saltykov, who received permission to form it. Arriving at the duty station, he got into the company "Young cornets from the best noble families"- Prince Golitsyn, Count Efimovsky, Count Tolstoy, Alyabyev, Sheremetev, Lanskoy, the Shatilov brothers. With some of them Griboyedov was related. Subsequently, he wrote in a letter to S.N.Begichev: "I have only stayed in this squad for 4 months, and now for the 4th year how I can not get on the true path"... Begichev answered this in the following way:
But as soon as they began to form, the enemy entered Moscow. This regiment was ordered to go to Kazan, and after the expulsion of the enemies, at the end of the same year, it was ordered to follow to Brest-Litovsk, join the defeated Irkutsk dragoon regiment and take the name of the Irkutsk hussar. S. N. Begichev
Until 1815, Griboyedov served with the rank of cornet under the command of General of the Cavalry A.S.Kologrivov. The first literary experiments of Griboyedov - "Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the publisher", feature article "On cavalry reserves" and comedy "Young spouses"(translation of the French comedy "Le secre") - refer to 1814 "On cavalry reserves" Griboyedov acted as a historical publicist.
The enthusiastic lyrical "Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the publisher", published in the "Bulletin of Europe", was written by him after awarding Kologrivov in 1814 with the "Order of St. Vladimir, Equal to the Apostles, 1st degree" and the holiday on June 22 (July 4) in Brest-Litovsk , in cavalry reserves, on this occasion.
In the capital
In 1815 Griboyedov arrived in St. Petersburg, where he met with the publisher of the journal "Son of the Fatherland" NI Grech and the famous playwright NI Khmelnitsky.
In the spring of 1816, the aspiring writer left military service, and in the summer he published an article "On the analysis of a free translation of the Burgess ballad" Lenora "" - a response to the critical remarks of NI Gnedich about PA Katenin's ballad "Olga".
At the same time, the name of Griboyedov appears in the lists of full members of the United Friends Masonic lodge. At the beginning of 1817 Griboyedov became one of the founders of the Du Bien Masonic lodge.
In the summer he entered the diplomatic service, taking the post of provincial secretary (since winter - translator) of the College of Foreign Affairs. This period of the life of the writer also includes his acquaintances with A. Pushkin and V. K. Kyukhelbecker, work on the poem "Lubochny Theater" (a response to the criticism of M. N. Zagoskin about "Young Spouses"), the comedies "Student" (together with P. A. Katenin), "Feigned Infidelity" (together with A. A. Zhandre), "One's Family, or a Married Bride" (co-authored with A. A. Shakhovsky and N. I. Khmelnitsky).
Duel
In 1817, the famous "quadruple duel" of Zavadovsky-Sheremetev and Griboyedov-Yakubovich took place in St. Petersburg.
Griboyedov lived with Zavadovsky and, being a friend of the famous dancer of the St. Petersburg ballet Avdotya Istomina, after the performance he brought her to his place (naturally, to Zavadovsky's house), where she lived for two days. Cavalier Sheremetev, Istomina's lover, had a quarrel with her and was away, but when he returned, instigated by the cornet of the Life Uhlan regiment A.I. Yakubovich, he challenged Zavadovsky to a duel. Griboyedov became Zavadovsky's second, and Yakubovich became Sheremeteva; both also promised to fight.
The first to reach the barrier were Zavadovsky and Sheremetev. Zavadovsky, an excellent marksman, mortally wounded Sheremetev in the stomach. Since Sheremetev had to be taken to the city immediately, Yakubovich and Griboyedov postponed their duel. It took place the next year, in 1818, in Georgia. Yakubovich was transferred to Tiflis on duty, and Griboyedov also found himself passing through there, heading on a diplomatic mission to Persia.
Griboyedov was wounded in the left hand. It was for this injury that it was possible to subsequently identify the disfigured corpse of Griboyedov, who was killed by religious fanatics during the defeat of the Russian embassy in Tehran.
In the east
In 1818, Griboyedov, having refused the post of an official of the Russian mission in the United States, was appointed secretary to the tsar's chargé d'affaires in Persia Simon Mazarovich. Before leaving for Tehran, he completed work on the "Interlude Samples". I went to my place of service at the end of August, two months later (with short stops in Novgorod, Moscow, Tula and Voronezh) I arrived in Mozdok, on the way to Tiflis I made a detailed diary describing my travels.
At the beginning of 1819, Griboyedov completed work on the ironic "Letter to the publisher from Tiflis on January 21" and, probably, the poem "Forgive me, Fatherland!" On the way to the appointed place through Tabriz (January - March) continued to carry travel notes launched last year. In August he returned back, where he began to plead for the fate of Russian soldiers who were in Iranian captivity. In September, at the head of a detachment of prisoners and fugitives, he set out from Tabriz to Tiflis, where he arrived the next month. Some events of this journey are described on the pages of Griboyedov's diaries (for July and August / September), as well as in the narrative fragments "Vagin's Tale" and "Ananur Quarantine".
In January 1820, Griboyedov again went to Persia, adding new entries to the travel diary journal. Here, burdened with office chores, he spent more than a year and a half. The stay in Persia was incredibly burdensome for the writer-diplomat, and in the fall of the following year, 1821, due to health reasons (due to a broken arm), he finally managed to move closer to his homeland - to Georgia. There he became close to Küchelbecker, who had arrived here to serve, and began work on the draft manuscripts of the first edition of Woe from Wit.
From February 1822 Griboyedov was secretary for diplomatic affairs under General A.P. Ermolov, who commanded the Russian troops in Tiflis. The author's work on the drama "Year 1812" (apparently timed to coincide with the tenth anniversary of Russia's victory in the war with Napoleonic France) is often dated the same year.
At the beginning of 1823, Griboyedov left the service for a while and returned to his homeland, for more than two years he lived in Moscow, in the village. Dmitrovsky (Lakottsy) of the Tula province, in St. Petersburg. Here the author continued the work begun in the Caucasus with the text "Woe from Wit", by the end of the year he wrote the poem "David", a dramatic scene in the verses "Youth of the Prophetic", a vaudeville "Who is a brother, who is a sister, or Deception behind deception" (in cooperation with P.A. Vyazemsky) and the first edition of the famous waltz "e-moll". It is customary to attribute the appearance of the first records of his "Desiderata", a journal of notes on controversial issues of Russian history, geography and literature, to the same period of Griboyedov's life.
The next year, 1824, is the date of the writer's epigrams to M. A. Dmitriev and A. I. Pisarev ("And they compose - they lie! And they translate - they lie! .." my uncle ”, the essay“ Special cases of the St. Petersburg flood ”and the poem“ Teleshova ”. At the end of the same year (December 15), Griboyedov became a full member of the Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.
On South
At the end of May 1825, due to the urgent need to return to his place of service, the writer abandoned his intention to visit Europe and left for the Caucasus. Subsequently, he will learn Arabic, Turkish, Georgian and Persian. The first teacher who taught Griboyedov the Persian language was Mirza Jafar Topchibashev. On the eve of this trip, he completed work on a free translation of "Prologue in the Theater" from the tragedy "Faust", at the request of F.V. archive "for 1825. On the way to Georgia, he visited Kiev, where he met prominent figures of the revolutionary underground (M.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, A.Z. Muravyov, S.I. visiting the estate of his longtime friend A.P. Zavadovsky. Griboyedov traveled through the mountains of the peninsula, developed a plan for the majestic tragedy of the Baptism of the ancient Russians and kept a detailed diary of travel notes, published only three decades after the death of the author. According to the opinion established in science, it was under the influence of the southern trip that he wrote the scene "Dialogue of Polovtsian Men".
Arrest
Upon his return to the Caucasus, Griboyedov, inspired by the participation of General AA Velyaminov in the expedition, wrote the famous poem "Predators on Chegem." In January 1826 he was arrested in the Groznaya fortress on suspicion of belonging to the Decembrists; Griboyedov was brought to St. Petersburg, but the investigation could not find evidence of Griboyedov's belonging to a secret society. With the exception of A. F. Brigen, E. P. Obolensky, N. N. Orzhitsky and S. P. Trubetskoy, none of the suspects gave evidence to the detriment of Griboyedov. He was under investigation until June 2, 1826, but since it was not possible to prove his participation in the conspiracy, and he himself categorically denied his involvement in the conspiracy, he was released from arrest with a "cleansing certificate." Despite this, for some time, secret supervision was established over Griboyedov.
Return to service
In September 1826 he returned to service in Tiflis and continued his diplomatic activity; took part in the conclusion of the Turkmanchay peace treaty (1828), which was beneficial for Russia, and delivered its text to St. Petersburg. Appointed as Resident Minister (Ambassador) to Iran; on the way to his destination, he again spent several months in Tiflis and married there on August 22 (September 3), 1828, to Princess Nina Chavchavadze, with whom he had only a few weeks to live.
Death in Persia
Foreign embassies were located not in the capital, but in Tabriz, at the court of Prince Abbas Mirza, but soon after arriving in Persia, the mission went to present itself to Feth Ali Shah in Tehran. During this visit, Griboyedov died: on January 30, 1829 (6 Sha'ban, 1244 AH), a crowd of thousands of religious fanatics killed everyone in the embassy, except for the secretary Ivan Sergeevich Maltsov.
The circumstances of the defeat of the Russian mission are described in different ways, but Maltsov was an eyewitness to the events, and he does not mention the death of Griboyedov, only writes that about 15 people defended themselves at the door of the envoy's room. Returning to Russia, he wrote that 37 people were killed at the embassy (all but one of them) and 19 Tehran residents. He himself hid in another room and, in fact, could only describe what he heard. All the defenders were killed, and there were no direct witnesses.
Riza-Kuli writes that Griboyedov with 37 comrades was killed, and 80 people were killed from the crowd. His body was so disfigured that he was identified only by the trace on his left hand, obtained in the famous duel with Yakubovich.
Griboyedov's body was taken to Tiflis and buried on Mount Mtatsminda in a grotto at the Church of St. David. In the summer of 1829, Alexander Pushkin visited the grave. Pushkin also wrote in his Journey to Arzrum that he met a cart with Griboyedov's body at a mountain pass in Armenia, which was later named Pushkin.
The Persian Shah sent his grandson to Petersburg to settle the diplomatic scandal. In compensation for the shed blood, he brought rich gifts to Nicholas I, including the Shah diamond. Once this magnificent diamond, framed with many rubies and emeralds, adorned the throne of the Great Mughals. Now it shines in the collection of the Moscow Kremlin's Diamond Fund.
On the grave of Alexander Griboyedov, his widow, Nina Chavchavadze, erected a monument with the inscription: "Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love outlive you!".
Creation
According to his literary position, Griboyedov belongs (according to the classification of Yu. N. Tynyanov) to the so-called "junior archaists": his closest literary allies are P. A. Katenin and V. K. Kyukhelbeker; however, he was also appreciated by the "Arzamas", for example, Pushkin and Vyazemsky, and among his friends - such different people as P. Ya. Chaadaev and F. V. Bulgarin.
Even during his years of study at Moscow University (1805) Griboyedov wrote poems (only mentions have come down to us), creates a parody of the work of V. A. Ozerov "Dmitry Donskoy" - "Dmitry Dryanskoy". In 1814, the "Bulletin of Europe" published two of his correspondences: "On the cavalry reserves" and "Letter to the editor". In 1815 he published the comedy Young Spouses, a parody of the French comedies that made up the Russian comedy repertoire at the time. The author uses a very popular genre of "secular comedy" - works with a small number of characters and an installation for wit. In line with the polemic with Zhukovsky and Gnedich about the Russian ballad, Griboyedov wrote an article "On the analysis of the free translation of Lenora" (1816).
In 1817 Griboyedov's comedy The Student was published. According to contemporaries, Katenin took a small part in it, but rather his role in creating the comedy was limited to editing. The work is polemical in nature, directed against the "younger Karamzinists", parodying their works, the type of artist of sentimentalism. The main point of criticism is the lack of realism.
Parodying techniques: the introduction of texts into a household context, an exaggerated use of peripherality (all concepts in comedy are given descriptively, nothing is named directly). In the center of the work is the bearer of the classicist consciousness (Benevolsky). All knowledge about life is gleaned by him from books, all events are perceived through the experience of reading. Saying “I saw it, I know it” means “I read it”. The hero seeks to play out book stories, life seems uninteresting to him. Griboyedov would later repeat the lack of a real sense of reality in Woe From Wit — this is Chatsky's trait.
In 1817, Griboyedov took part in writing "Feigned Infidelity" together with A. A. Zhandre. The comedy is an adaptation of the French comedy by Nicolas Barthes. The character Roslavlev, Chatsky's predecessor, appears in it. This is a strange young man in conflict with society, giving critical monologues. In the same year, the comedy "One's Own Family, or a Married Bride" was released. Co-authors: A. A. Shakhovskoy, Griboyedov, N. I. Khmelnitsky.
What was written before "Woe from Wit" was still very immature or was created in collaboration with more experienced writers at that time (Katenin, Shakhovskoy, Zhandre, Vyazemsky); what was conceived after "Woe from Wit" was either not written at all (the tragedy about Prince Vladimir the Great), or it was not brought further than rough sketches (the tragedy about the princes Vladimir Monomakh and Fyodor of Ryazan), or it was written, but due to a number of circumstances, it is not known modern science... Of the later experiments of Griboyedov, the most noticeable are the dramatic scenes "1812", "Georgian Night", "Rodamist and Zenobia". Special attention also deserve fictional and documentary works of the author (essays, diaries, epistolary).
Although Griboyedov became world famous thanks to just one book, he should not be considered a "literary one-thinker" who has exhausted his creative powers in his work on Woe from Wit. A reconstructive analysis of the playwright's artistic intentions allows us to see in him the talent of the creator of a truly high tragedy worthy of William Shakespeare, and the writer's prose testifies to the productive development of Griboyedov as an original author of literary "travels".
"Woe from Wit"
The comedy in verse "Woe from Wit" was conceived in St. Petersburg around 1816 and finished in Tiflis in 1824 (the final edition is an authorized copy left in St. Petersburg by Bulgarin - 1828). In Russia, it is included in the school curriculum of the 9th grade (in the days of the USSR - in the 8th grade).
The comedy "Woe from Wit" is the pinnacle of Russian drama and poetry. A bright aphoristic style contributed to the fact that she was all "sold out on quotes."
“Never has a single people been so scourged, never a country has been dragged so much in the mud, never thrown so much harsh abuse in the face of the public, and, however, a fuller success has never been achieved” (P. Chaadaev. “Apology of a Madman” ).
“His Woe from Wit was published in 1862 without distortions or abbreviations. When Griboyedov himself, who died at the hands of fanatics in Iran, had not been in this world for more than 30 years. Written as never before - on the eve of the Decembrist uprising - the play became a vivid poetic pamphlet denouncing the reigning regime. For the first time poetry burst into politics so boldly and openly. And politics gave in, - wrote in the essay “Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. Woe from Wit "(in the author's column" 100 books that shocked the world "in the magazine" Youth ") Elena Sazanovich. - The play in handwritten form went across the country. Griboyedov once again quipped, calling "Woe from Wit" a comedy. Is it a joke ?! About 40 thousand handwritten copies. An overwhelming success. It was an outright spit on high society. And the high society did not laugh at the comedy. Wiped off. And Griboyedov was not forgiven ... ".
Musical works
The few pieces of music written by Griboyedov had excellent harmony, harmony and laconicism. He is the author of several piano pieces, among which two waltzes for piano are the most famous. Some works, including the piano sonata - the most serious musical work of Griboyedov, have not reached us. The waltz in E minor of his composition is considered the first Russian waltz that has survived to this day. According to the recollections of contemporaries, Griboyedov was a wonderful pianist, his playing was distinguished by genuine artistry.
Other
In 1828, Griboyedov completed work on the "Project for the Establishment of the Russian Transcaucasian Company". In the project, with the aim of developing trade and industry in Transcaucasia, it was planned to create an autonomous management company with extensive administrative, economic and diplomatic powers to manage Transcaucasia. The project, as contrary to his personal power in the Transcaucasus, was rejected by IF Paskevich.
An extensive section of Griboyedov's creative heritage is made up of his letters.
Memory
Monuments
- In St. Petersburg, a monument to A.S. Griboyedov (sculptor V.V. Lishev, 1959) is located on Zagorodny Prospekt on Pionerskaya Square (opposite the Theater of the Young Spectator)
- In the center of Yerevan there is a monument to A.S. Griboyedov (author - Hovhannes Bedzhanyan, 1974), and in 1995 it was released Postage Stamp Armenia, dedicated to A.S. Griboyedov.
- In Alushta, a monument to A.S. Griboyedov was erected in 2002, to the 100th anniversary of the city.
- In Moscow, the monument to A.S. Griboyedov is located on Chistoprudny Boulevard.
- In Veliky Novgorod A. Griboyedov was immortalized in the monument "Millennium of Russia", in the group of sculptures "Writers and Artists".
- In Volgograd, at the expense of the Armenian community of the city, a bust of A.S. Griboyedov was installed (on Sovetskaya Street, opposite polyclinic No. 3).
- In Tbilisi, a monument to A.S. Griboyedov is located on the Kura embankment (sculptor M. Merabishvili, architect G. Melkadze, 1961).
- In Tehran, the Russian embassy has a monument to A.S. Griboyedov (sculptor V.A. Beklemishev, 1912).
Museums and galleries
- State Historical, Cultural and Natural Museum-Reserve of A. S. Griboyedov "Khmelita".
- In Crimea, in the Red Cave (Kizil-Koba), a gallery is named in honor of A.S. Griboyedov's stay.
Streets
Streets to them. Griboyedov is in many cities of Russia and neighboring countries:
- Almetyevsk,
- Petrozavodsk,
- Perm,
- Chelyabinsk,
- Krasnoyarsk,
- Kaliningrad,
- Surgut,
- Simferopol,
- Sevastopol,
- Bryansk,
- Yekaterinburg,
- Novokuznetsk,
- Novorossiysk,
- Novosibirsk,
- Ryazan,
- Dzerzhinsk (Nizhny Novgorod region),
- Irkutsk,
- Makhachkala,
- Gelendzhik,
- Kovrov,
- Tver,
- Tyumen,
- Kirov,
- Essentuki;
in Belarus- Brest, Vitebsk, Minsk;
in Ukraine -
- Khmelnytsky,
- Vinnitsa,
- Kharkov,
- Kherson,
- Irpen,
- White Church,
- Chernivtsi;
in Armenia- Yerevan, Vanadzor, Gyumri, Sevan;
as well as in the cities of Balti (Moldova), Almaty (Kazakhstan), Batumi and Tbilisi (Georgia), Ashgabat (Turkmenistan),
Theaters
- Smolensk Drama Theater. A.S. Griboyedov.
- In Tbilisi there is a theater named after A.S. Griboyedov, a monument (author - M.K. Merabishvili).
- The bust of A.S. Griboyedov is installed on the facade of the Odessa Opera and Ballet Theater.
Libraries
- Library of National Literatures named after A.S. Griboyedov.
- Central Library named after A.S. Griboyedov Centralized library system# 2 Central Administrative District of Moscow. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the foundation of the library, memorial museum... The A.S. Griboyedov Prize is awarded.
Cinema
- 1969 - Death of Vazir-Mukhtar, a Soviet television show staged in Leningrad in 1969, but banned from showing. In the role of A.S. Griboyedov - Vladimir Receptor.
- 1995 - Griboyedov Waltz, a fictional historical and biographical film by Tamara Pavlyuchenko. Filmed for the 200th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Griboyedov and tells about last months life. Alexander Feklistov as A.S. Griboyedov.
- 2010 - Death of Wazir-Mukhtar. Griboyedov's love and life is a 2010 Russian television series based on the novel of the same name by Yuri Tynyanov about last year life. In the role of A.S. Griboyedov - Mikhail Eliseev.
- 2014 - Duel. Pushkin - Lermontov "is a Russian film in the style of an alternative world. In the role of the surviving old Griboyedov - Vyacheslav Innocent Jr.
Other
- Yuri Tynyanov dedicated his novel The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar (1928) to the last years of AS Griboyedov's life.
- On April 22, 2014, in St. Petersburg, the Grand Lodge of Russia, the “A. S. Griboyedov "(No. 45 in the VLR register).
- Comprehensive school named after A. Griboyedov (Stepanakert).
- Comprehensive school № 203 named after A. Griboyedov in St. Petersburg.
- "Griboyedov Readings"
- State Budgetary Educational Institution of Moscow, Gymnasium No. 1529 named after A. Griboyedov.
- There is a higher education in Moscow educational institution- Institute international law and economics. A.S. Griboyedova (Moscow).
- The Griboyedov Canal (until 1923 the Catherine Canal) is a canal in St. Petersburg. Memorial plaque to Griboyedov in St. Petersburg (B. Morskaya st., 14)
- In 1995, the Central Bank Russian Federation a coin (2 rubles, silver 500) was issued from the series “ Prominent figures Russia "with the image on the reverse of the portrait of AS Griboyedov - to the 200th anniversary of his birth.
- Medal “A. S. Griboyedov 1795-1829 " was established by the Moscow city organization of the Union of Writers of the Russian Federation and is awarded to writers and literary men, prominent patrons of the arts and well-known publishers for their selfless activities for the benefit of Russian culture and literature.
- 11.1816 - 08.1818 - I. Walha's tenement house - 104, Catherine Canal embankment;
- 01.06. - 07.1824 - Demut Hotel - Moika River Embankment, 40;
- 08. - 11.1824 - A. I. Odoevsky's apartment in the Pogodin apartment building - Torgovaya street, 5;
- 11.1824 - 01.1825 - P. N. Chebyshev's apartment in the Usov tenement house - Nikolayevskaya embankment, 13;
- 01. - 09.1825 - A.I. Odoevsky's apartment in Bulatov's apartment building - Isaakievskaya Square, 7;
- 06.1826 - the apartment of A.A.Zhandra in the house of Yegerman - 82 Moika river embankment;
- 03. - 05.1828 - Demut Hotel - Moika River Embankment, 40;
- 05. - 06.06.1828 - the house of A.I.Kosikovsky - Nevsky prospect, 15.
- Order of Saint Anne II class with diamond signs (March 14, 1828)
- Order of the Lion and the Sun, 1st class (Persia, 1829)
- Order of the Lion and the Sun, II degree (Persia, 1819)
In numismatics
Commemorative coin of the Bank of Russia dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Griboyedov. 2 rubles, silver, 1995
Addresses in St. Petersburg
Awards
