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Battleship Dreadnought. The most powerful battleship in the world First Dreadnought

My friend, being in places not so remote, does not lose courage and, after being sent a printout of the publication, he could not resist telling me a lot of interesting things about the history of the fleet. Which I am sharing with his permission.
The text was typed from the manuscript, illustrations were added by me.

Some additional information about battleships, as promised :)

The word battleship means “ship of the line,” i.e. a ship designed to fight in a linear formation and smash with its artillery an enemy piece of iron running on a parallel course. The very word battleship is purely Russian. The prototype of these ships was the English ship Dreadnought.

It must be said that then, up to the 2nd World War inclusive, the British were trendsetters in military shipbuilding, only after the war the palm passed to the United States. So these same Englishmen had the right to be proud of themselves because... Unlike us Russians, they very thoughtfully analyzed the outcomes of the naval battles of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. There were 3 major ones - the breakthrough from Port Arthur with the participation of battleships, the battle of 3 Russian cruisers of Vladivostok with the cruisers of the Japanese and, of course, Tsushima. Fundamentally, the most powerful ships then were battleships. The main caliber is 2 turrets, 2 12-inch guns, and then whoever will do what. The Japanese were both more powerful (faster, more medium-caliber artillery) and had better shells. And the British decided that they needed to strengthen the main caliber, abandon the middle one and lower the height of the superstructures. This is how the Dreadnought appeared - the world's first battleship. It carried 4 turrets, first 2, then 3 12-inch caliber guns. By the way, I first learned this name from the novel “Iron Stream” by Serafimovich. There is a scene when one of the heroes, nicknamed “where is my company,” points to the sea and asks: “What kind of iron is this?”, to which the sailor replies: “You yourself are an iron, it’s a dreadnought. Once he combs his 12 inches, there won’t be a wet spot left.” Or something like that.
So, those ships that we call battleships were called dreadnoughts all over the world. But real battleships appeared in World War II and carried not 4 turrets, but 3 (two at the bow and one at the stern) and had from 3 to 4 guns per turret and a caliber of not 12, but 14 inches. And the two Japanese battleships of World War II, the Yamato and the Musashi, were absolutely monsters. These carried 12 15 inch guns in 3 turrets. That's why I write about this in such detail. One of the Baltic battleships of the “Sevastopol” series, namely “Poltava”, which after the revolution was properly renamed “Mikhail Frunze”, was commissioned in 1914 and managed to fight in the Baltic in the 1st World War, and then suffered a sad fate - in 1919 there was a fire on it due to the fault of the crew (those were still specialists from the Red Navy, and only the Constituent Assembly, belted with cartridge belts, could disperse the Constituent Assembly - the ironclads are worthless). In short, the battleship burned down!

They did not restore it. Why, I don’t know, to be honest, because he stayed afloat. I think there are simply no technically competent specialists left. Here's another digression. American war with Iraq. Iraqis are fired upon by the US Navy battleship Missouri with tomahawks. Same type (!!!) as ours. I wonder why such stupid (as many of us think) Americans didn’t cut their “Poltava” into metal like we did or turn it into a floating target like the two survivors of the 2nd World War - “Red October” (formerly “ Gangut") and "Sevastopol"? And they took them and lovingly re-equipped them, so that they will continue to serve and serve. But we see better, we are smarter :(

So, “Poltava” burned down and two KB-3-12 main caliber towers were transported to the Far East to Vladivostok and a battery of two towers was equipped on Russky Island. She did not shoot, but had to defend Vladik from the sea from the Japanese, from those same “Yamato” and “Musashi”. (By the way, the names are very iconic for the Japanese, someday I’ll write why they’re iconic, otherwise I’m completely lost in thought). Of course, battleships had longer range, but! This sea means rolling, and that means the sight is more difficult, and secondly, the Japanese, despite their caliber, did not have long-range shells, which means it was more difficult for them to hit the battery, because it was in rocky, concrete-filled soil. But it didn’t happen, thank God. But the fate of “Yamato” and “Musashi” was bad, they also did nothing and were stupidly sunk by American planes when they went to Singapore to unblock the Japanese ground army.

One more thing. Sevastopol was defended in World War II by exactly the same two-turret battery. Only unlike the battery on the o. In Russian, she had a 360-degree firing sector and therefore defended Sevastopol from land and her fate was sad, but glorious. They gave the Nazis a full blast. So these were the towers from the “Empress Maria”, which for unknown reasons was blown up and sank in the bay of Sevastopol before the 1st World War. This is a ship from the same Sevastopol series. Three such ships were laid down on the Black Sea, but only the Empresses were put into operation, the rest were unfinished and therefore disbanded by the Bolsheviks for metal!

The Black Sea base of Sevastopol, in my opinion, generally has the reputation of being some kind of fleet killer! There, in 1955, after the Second World War, the battleship Novorossiysk exploded and sank after a cruise. The most powerful battleship of this sea, received by the USSR as reparations from Italy. Just like the Japanese “Yamato”, only the caliber is smaller - 14, not 15 inches. They say that it was blown up by Italian combat swimmers. But this is a separate story :) And I have a lot of Glorious and not so nice stories about how Russian ships fought in the Baltic and Black Sea in the 1st World War :) Phew... That seems to be all :)

A couple of clarifications about the Sevastopol-class battleships.
Indeed, this series was founded after analyzing the causes of the defeat at Tsushima and after studying the British experience in building a ship called “Dreadnought”, which later gave the name to ships of this type - dreadnoughts, which were later renamed battleships. By the way, the word battleship means a battleship, the meaning of this ship is to fight in a line, i.e. Until the end of the 2nd World War, these colossuses were intended to be used for battle in a line! This is a common type of naval battles of sailing ships, when they converged in two lines parallel to each other and attacked each other with their sides (3-5 deck rows of guns). Can you imagine how narrow-minded the British were then, as the founders of the Navy fashion?
By the way, in Serafimovich’s “Iron Stream” there is a mention of how a dreadnought shot at a column of Red Army soldiers of the Iron Stream from the sea...
I got distracted... Well, I’m talking about “Sevastopol”. Note that this series was called “Sevastopol”! Because together with 3 Baltic ships, 3 Black Sea men were also built, and the lead ship of the Black Sea men was called “Empress Maria”. And the Germans (even then potential opponents) fucked him hard on the Black Sea. A very dark story with this linker. It was blown up in the roadstead of Sevastopol and sank instantly. Hundreds of people died. The reason is still not clear, but they are inclined to think that it was sabotage by the Germans. Maybe you remember the children’s book “Dirk”, there is a mention of this, and from later fiction there are Akunin’s fantasies on this topic... This battleship was much more famous than “Petropavlovsk”.
Yes, another digression from the topic. After this battleship was destroyed, the Germans decided that they now had no enemy on the Black Sea and their raider (in my opinion) “Goeben”, this is a variant of a heavy cruiser with weapons similar to battleships of the “Sevastopol” type, but with less armor and with greater speed he can rob with impunity in the Black Sea. But they broke off! Sevastopol (port) had 3 Slava-class battleships, these are ships that were of the same type as those that were lost in Tsushima (4 12-inch guns in two turrets) versus 12 guns, 14 inches for modern battleships, or versus 9 12-inch guns at Goeben. But at the same time, they are slow-moving and not very armored according to the concepts of 1914. So, “Goeben” attacked Odessa, shot the city, sank one ship and ran into 3 battleships and was sure that it would gouge the old Russian galoshes due to its longer-range and high-speed guns and its speed. Damn it!

The Russians very carefully analyzed the reasons for the defeat in Tsushima and came up with a super “innovative idea” and implemented it on these battleships. The bottom line is that all 3 troughs were controlled by fire from one ship and therefore they took the “Goeben” in a ring (and not in the wake line, as they had hoped) and hammered it so that it was saved only due to its own move :)
And one more digression. Unlike the British, the Russians had a tradition of naming the new series after the outstanding ships of the previous one. Therefore, the new series was called “Sevastopol”. This is the battleship that died in Port Arthur. And the first-born Baltic was named “Petropavlovsk” after the battleship on which Admiral Makarov (the same one who designed “Ermak”, about which you are writing and there is a separate story) and the artist Vereshchagin died, after the “Petropavlovsk” was blown up on a Japanese mine bank in view of the Port Arthur raid.

Well, you probably already know about Marat. That's another story. And, by the way, the participation of “Marat” (“Petropavlovsk”) in military battles in the Baltic in the 1st World War is also very small :) And in general, the German-Russian naval battles in the Baltic in the 1st World War is a separate issue! Everything there was bad for the Russians because, unlike the Black Sea people, there was complete despondency in the Baltic. And a significant role in this was played by the fact that the only admiral capable of kicking (and he would have done it!) was N.O. Essen, but he died the day before, I think, from pneumonia.

By the way (again, by the way, because in Russian maritime history everything is very closely intertwined) Essen was the last captain who died in Port Arthur. It was blown up by Japanese destroyers while it was secretly preparing to break out of the blockade in a hidden bay off the Cape Tiger Peninsula. But the Japanese had very good agents in Port Arthur. So Essen demanded to give battle to the Japanese in the Moonsund Straits, but died. The battle still took place, but in the wrong way and with the wrong Russian forces, and the Russians were defeated. There is a lot of literature about this. Russian battles in 1904-1905, in the 1st and 2nd World Wars - this is my strong point and one of my favorite topics.

Photo postcards from the website Photolab from Steve were used for design

February 10. /TASS/. Exactly 110 years ago, on February 10, 1906, the British warship Dreadnought was launched in Portsmouth. By the end of that year she was completed and commissioned into the Royal Navy.

The Dreadnought, which combined a number of innovative solutions, became the founder of a new class of warships, to which it gave its name. This was the last step towards the creation of battleships - the largest and most powerful artillery ships ever to go to sea.
At the same time, the Dreadnought was not unique - the revolutionary ship became the product of the long evolution of battleships. Its analogues were already going to be built in the USA and Japan; Moreover, the Americans began developing their own dreadnoughts even before the British. But Britain was the first.

The Dreadnought's calling card was its artillery, which consisted of ten main caliber guns (305 millimeters). They were supplemented by many small 76-mm guns, but the intermediate caliber was completely absent on the new ship.

Such weapons strikingly distinguished the Dreadnought from all previous battleships. They, as a rule, carried only four 305 mm guns, but were supplied with a solid medium-caliber battery - usually 152 mm.

The habit of equipping battleships with many - up to 12 or even 16 - medium-caliber guns was explained simply: the 305-mm guns took quite a long time to reload, and at that time the 152-mm guns were supposed to shower the enemy with a hail of shells. This concept proved its worth during the war between the United States and Spain in 1898 - in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba, American ships achieved a depressingly small number of hits with their main caliber, but literally riddled the enemy with medium-caliber "rapid fire".

However, the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 demonstrated something completely different. Russian battleships, which were much larger than Spanish ships, withstood a lot of hits from 152-mm guns - only the main gun caused serious damage to them. In addition, the Japanese sailors turned out to be simply more accurate than the American ones.

12-inch guns on HMS Dreadnought
© Library of Congress Bain collection

Authorship of the idea

The author of the concept of a battleship equipped exclusively with heavy artillery is traditionally considered to be the Italian military engineer Vittorio Cuniberti. He proposed building a battleship for the Italian navy with 12 305 mm guns, a turbine power plant using liquid fuel, and powerful armor. The Italian admirals refused to implement Cuniberti's idea, but allowed it to be published.

In the 1903 edition of Jane's Fighting Ships there appeared a short - only three pages - article by Cuniberti, "The Ideal Fighting Ship for the British Navy." In it, the Italian described a giant battleship with a displacement of 17 thousand tons, equipped with 12,305-mm cannons and unusually powerful armor, and even capable of reaching a speed of 24 knots (which made it a third faster than any battleship).

Just six of these “ideal ships” would be enough to defeat any enemy, Cuniberti believed. Due to its firepower, his battleship was supposed to sink an enemy battleship in one salvo, and thanks to its high speed, it was supposed to immediately move on to the next one.

The author considered rather an abstract concept, without making precise calculations. In any case, it seems almost impossible to fit all of Cuniberti’s proposals into a ship with a displacement of 17 thousand tons. The total displacement of the real Dreadnought turned out to be much greater - about 21 thousand tons.

So, despite the similarity of Cuniberti’s proposal with the Dreadnought, it is unlikely that the Italian had a great influence on the construction of the first ship of the new class. Cuniberti's article was published at a time when the "father" of the Dreadnought, Admiral John "Jackie" Fisher, had already reached similar conclusions, but in a completely different way.

Cannons on the roof of the tower. HMS Dreadnought, 1906
© US Library of Congress Bain collection

"Father" of the Dreadnought

Admiral Fisher, pushing the Dreadnought project through the British Admiralty, was guided not by theoretical, but by practical considerations.

While still commanding the British naval forces in the Mediterranean, Fisher experimentally established that firing from guns of different calibers made aiming extremely difficult. The artillerymen of that time, aiming their guns at the target, were guided by the splashes from the shells falling into the water. And at a long distance, splashes from shells of 152 and 305 mm caliber are almost impossible to distinguish.

In addition, the rangefinders and fire control systems that existed at that time were extremely imperfect. They did not make it possible to realize all the capabilities of the guns - British battleships could fire at 5.5 kilometers, but according to the results of real tests, the recommended aimed fire range was only 2.7 kilometers.

Meanwhile, it was necessary to increase the effective combat distance: torpedoes, the range of which at that time reached about 2.5 kilometers, became a serious enemy of the battleships. A logical conclusion was made: the best way to fight at long distances would be a ship with the maximum number of main caliber guns.

Dreadnought deckhouse USS Texas, USA
© EPA/LARRY W. SMITH

At some point, as an alternative to the future Dreadnought, a ship equipped with a variety of 234-mm guns, which were then already used by the British as medium artillery on battleships, was considered. Such a ship would combine rapid fire with enormous firepower, but Fischer needed truly “big guns.”

Fisher also insisted on equipping the Dreadnought with the latest steam turbines, which allowed the ship to develop over 21 knots per hour, while 18 knots were considered sufficient for battleships. The admiral understood well that the advantage in speed allows him to impose on the enemy a favorable battle distance. Given the Dreadnought's vast superiority in heavy artillery, this meant that a few of these ships were capable of destroying an enemy fleet while remaining effectively out of reach of most of its guns.

Without a single shot

The Dreadnought was built in record time. As a rule, they call it an impressive year and one day: the ship was laid down on October 2, 1905, and on October 3, 1906, the battleship entered its first sea trials. This is not entirely correct - traditionally, the construction time is counted from the laying down to inclusion in the fleet. The Dreadnought entered service on December 11, 1906, a year and two months after the start of construction.

The unprecedented speed of work had a downside. The photographs from Portsmouth do not always show high-quality assembly of the hull - some armor plates are crooked, and the bolts securing them are of different sizes. No wonder - 3 thousand workers literally “burned” at the shipyard for 11 and a half hours a day and 6 days a week.

A number of shortcomings are associated with the ship design itself. Operation showed the insufficient effectiveness of the Dreadnought's latest fire control systems and its rangefinders - the largest at that time. The rangefinder posts even had to be moved so that they would not be damaged by the shock wave of a gun salvo.

The most powerful ship of the era never fired at the enemy with its main caliber. The Dreadnought was not present at the Battle of Jutland in 1916 - the largest clash of fleets consisting of dreadnoughts - it was under repair.

But even if the Dreadnought were in service, it would have to remain in the second line - in just a few years it became hopelessly outdated. It was replaced in both Britain and Germany by larger, faster and more powerful battleships.

Thus, representatives of the Queen Elizabeth type, which entered service in 1914-1915, already carried guns of 381 millimeter caliber. The mass of a projectile of this caliber was more than twice the weight of the Dreadnought projectile, and these guns fired one and a half times further.

Nevertheless, the Dreadnought was still able to achieve victory over the enemy ship, unlike many other representatives of its class. Its victim was a German submarine. Ironically, the mighty dreadnought destroyed it not with artillery fire or even a torpedo - it simply rammed the submarine, although the British shipbuilders did not equip the Dreadnought with a special ram.

However, the submarine sunk by the Dreadnought was by no means an ordinary one, and its captain was a famous sea wolf. But this is completely different

Battleship "Dreadnought"

At the beginning of the twentieth century. Qualitative changes began in the development of naval artillery. The guns themselves were improved, shells, instead of gunpowder, were everywhere filled with strong high explosives, and the first fire control systems appeared. The battleships available in the fleets with their numerous, but different-caliber artillery no longer met the requirements of the military. The idea of building a larger battleship than conventional battleships, armed with numerous main-caliber guns, was expressed by various people in Italy, the USA, and Great Britain. It was there that Royal Navy began the practical implementation of the idea, one of the main proponents of which was the First Sea Lord Admiral John Fisher. He took this post in October 1904, and already in December work began on creating a project for a fundamentally new battleship. A specially created commission reviewed many projects and proposals, and ultimately the military and shipbuilders managed to find very successful compromises between many conflicting requirements.

The project, work on which was largely completed in the spring of 1905, turned out to be not only balanced, but also very unusual. It took into account all the most modern achievements of science and technology at that time. Thus, instead of the usual triple expansion steam engines, it was planned to install Parsons turbines, which had never been installed on large ships before. The refusal of medium-caliber artillery was also considered unusual, and the absence of a ram seemed something unprecedented.

The ship was supposed to have the following characteristics: normal displacement - 18,410 tons, total displacement - 21,060 tons, maximum length - 160.6 m, width - 25 m, normal draft - 8.1 m. 18 Babcock and Wilcox boilers supplied steam revolutionary main mechanisms - four turbines with a total power of 23,000 hp The ship reached a speed of 21 knots; economic cruising range was 4340 miles. The armor was quite powerful: the greatest thickness of the side protection was 279 mm, the decks were up to 76 mm thick, the turret armor was 305 mm, and the deckhouse armor was 279 mm. The armament turned out to be extremely powerful for its time - ten 305 mm guns were placed in five turrets, and eight of them could take part in a broadside salvo. The anti-mine artillery used was 76 mm (12 lb) guns, of which there were 27, and they were also supplemented by five machine guns. Torpedo armament was also provided - five 18-inch torpedo tubes. Crew - 685 people (in 1916 - over 800).

The official laying date for the new ship, called HMS Dreadnought, was at the Royal Dockyard in Portsmouth on October 2, 1905, but by this time work, which had begun in the spring, was already in full swing. The ship was solemnly launched on February 10, 1906, the ceremony was attended not only by numerous sailors, members of Parliament and ministers, but also by King Edward VII himself. It was the monarch who broke a bottle of champagne on the side of the battleship.

"Dreadnought"

It must be said that the period of four months that elapsed between the two above dates gave rise to two legends at once. One of them is related to the creation of the Dreadnought project: many historians seriously argued that it was developed under the influence of the results of the Battle of Tsushima, which took place in May 1905, which is clearly not true. The second extols the incredible power and supreme organization of British shipbuilding. After all, building a huge building in four months seemed simply incredible! Although the actual deadlines were very different from the “legendary” ones, it must nevertheless be admitted that the Portsmouth shipbuilders and all the subcontractors worked superbly and achieved outstanding results. The ship entered testing in October 1906, and in December all modifications and modifications were completed.

At the beginning of January 1907, the Dreadnought went on a test cruise. Having rounded the Iberian Peninsula and passed the Strait of Gibraltar, the ship sailed through the Mediterranean Sea, then headed across the Atlantic to the shores of Trinidad. The 3,430-mile crossing of the Atlantic was carried out at an average speed of 17 knots - a hitherto unprecedented result. The same speed was maintained on the way to England. Despite some malfunctions that were excusable for a new ship, the British press described the results of the Mediterranean-transatlantic voyage as “...an undoubted success.” Parsons turbines performed excellently.

After the return of the newest battleship from the Atlantic voyage, routine daily service began. In 1907, she became the flagship of the Home Fleet ("Home" Fleet) and remained the flagship after personnel and organizational changes took place in Britain in 1909, the Home Fleet was created. Only in March 1911 was he replaced in this post by Neptune. Among the events that occurred before the outbreak of the First World War, one can highlight participation in the coronation revue of King George V in June 1911 and a trip to the Mediterranean Sea in September - December 1913.

By the beginning of the First World War, the British Navy included many much more powerful ships, super-dreadnoughts appeared, and even super-dreadnoughts were under construction. However, the Dreadnought itself by no means lost its importance and became part of the Grand Fleet. However, during the entire war he never had the opportunity to fire at the enemy from the main caliber guns: during the great Battle of Jutland he was under repair. From June 1916 to March 1918, the ship served as a flagship in a squadron equipped with pre-dreadnoughts and designed to protect the coast of England from attacks by German surface ships. In March 1918, he was returned to the Grand Fleet, where he remained until the armistice, which came into force on November 11.

However, the Dreadnought's account includes a sunk enemy ship. By a strange coincidence, the battleship, designed to destroy the enemy with artillery fire and not having a ram, won with the help of just a ramming strike. This happened on March 18, 1915, when, after going to sea to practice a training task, the 4th squadron of battleships was returning to base. Shortly after noon, an observer from the Dreadnought spotted the submarine's periscope. The ship immediately changed course, increased speed and headed straight for the boat. When the distance was reduced to about 3 cables, the British opened fire with anti-mine artillery, but apparently the shells did not hit the underwater target. Judging by the fact that the submarine continued to move on its previous course, it intended to attack another battleship and did not notice the approaching threat. At 12:35, the Dreadnought's stem struck the aft starboard side of the submarine, its stem rose above the water, and the British were able to see its number. The new U-29, commanded by Otto Weddigen, went to the bottom with its entire crew. This officer in 1914, on another boat, U-9, first sent to the bottom the armored cruisers Hog, Cressy and Abukir, and then the armored cruiser of the first rank Hawk. And so his outstanding career ended...

At the end of the war, they were going to install platforms for seaplanes on the Dreadnought, but by the time the armistice was concluded they did not have time to complete the work. Already at the end of 1918, they decided to transfer the ship to reserve, and the following year it was withdrawn from the fleet. In March 1920 she was put up for sale and the ship was sold in May 1921 for £44,000. Its dismantling began in January 1923.

It is worth saying once again that the entry into service of the Dreadnought was, without exaggeration, an epoch-making event. New tactical views on the use of large artillery ships and numerous technical innovations used during construction determined its overwhelming qualitative advantage over any predecessor. It is not without reason that the concept of “dreadnought” has appeared in everyday life since 1906. Even today, in science fiction literature, particularly strong and large combat starships are called this way.

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The section is very easy to use. Just enter the desired word in the field provided, and we will give you a list of its meanings. I would like to note that our site provides data from various sources - encyclopedic, explanatory, word-formation dictionaries. Here you can also see examples of the use of the word you entered.

Meaning of the word dreadnought

dreadnought in the crossword dictionary

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.

dreadnought

Ah, m. Large battleship, predecessor of the modern battleship.

adj. dreadnought, oh, oh.

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

dreadnought

m. Large battleship with powerful artillery, the predecessor of the modern battleship (in the first decades of the 20th century).

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

dreadnought

"Dreadnought" (lit. "Dreadnought" - undaunted), English battleship (built 1906). Had 10 305 mm turret guns and 24 76 mm guns, 5 torpedo tubes; armor up to 280 mm. Until the 30s. "Dreadnoughts" were the name given to battleships of this type.

Dreadnought

"Dreadnought"(“Dreadnought”, literally ≈ undaunted), an English battleship that laid the foundation for this class of ships. Construction "D." was an attempt to take into account the experience of the Russian-Japanese War of 1904≈1905, in which the shortcomings of battleships were revealed. Built 1905-06 in Portsmouth; displacement 17900 tons, speed ≈ 21 knots (39 km/h), armament: 10 305-mm guns (in 5 two-gun turrets), 14 76-mm guns (along the sides, on large-caliber turrets, in the bow and stern) , 5 underwater torpedo tubes (4 onboard and 1 stern); armor: in the middle part 280 mm, in the bow and stern 200 mm, decks 40 mm, towers and deckhouse 280 mm. The main distinguishing features of the D. from its predecessors - battleships: the introduction of uniform calibers for all main and mine-resistant artillery, increased speed, mine protection, rhombic arrangement of artillery turrets, which made it possible to fire from the sides and stern from 8, and on the bow from 6 guns of the main caliber. More advanced battleships of the Sevastopol class were built in Russia.

Wikipedia

Dreadnought (guitar)

Dreadnought- a type of acoustic guitar, characterized by an enlarged body with a characteristic “rectangular” shape. Compared to the classic body, it has increased volume, greater sustain and a predominance of low frequencies in the timbre. Developed in the 1920s by Martin and is still considered a standard in guitar making.

In the 1920s it was used mainly for country and pop music. In the 50s, along with other folk guitars, it was also used for house or bard styles, acoustic blues.

Unlike orchestral models, which are usually used for finger playing, the dreadnought is more often used for scratch playing. Also, the dreadnought, because it has a long sustain, sounds louder than orchestral models, although such a guitar has a more balanced sound.

Some dreadnoughts have a cutout that makes solo playing easier.

Dreadnought (film)

"Dreadnought"(Chinese 勇者無懼, English) Dreadnaught, lit. Became fearless) is a Hong Kong martial arts film directed by Yuan Heping, released in 1981.

Dreadnought (ship class)

Dreadnought- a generation of artillery warships that appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, a characteristic feature of which was homogeneous artillery armament from a large number of guns of only large caliber ( all-big-gun). In a broad sense, the term can be applied to ships of various classes that have this feature, but most often this concept is associated with a battleship and is synonymous with a battleship of the first quarter of the 20th century. The world's last dreadnought, the Vanguard, was built in Great Britain in 1946 and served until the late 1950s.

Examples of the use of the word dreadnought in literature.

Han looked up at dreadnought, who carried them in hyperspace for the last two days.

And also inform the boarding party commander - I want to take this immediately dreadnought into imperial hands.

Look this one dreadnought goes into deep defense, the second one will now do the same.

Alexey Fomich Nadya and when he showed her this dreadnought, drawled: - That’s what he is!

The second part of the triptych - the viewer must see with his own eyes - is not something or somewhere burning, but this: this fiery element has engulfed a huge dreadnought, beauty, power and pride of the navy.

Fenya immediately left, and he was left alone with everything that had befallen him so cruelly that day, as if he had too dreadnought, and one after another completely unexpected deafening explosions thundered through it.

Slapped dreadnought and be silent and look with all your eyes, so as not to screw up something again.

And if this minority consists of people like the attacker who killed and dreadnought, and several hundred people?

As a result, for every Halian dreadnought there will be at least two large ships of the Fleet, and such a balance of forces will almost certainly mean the death of the Khalian super-hulks.

The decision of the captain of the liner turned out to be absolutely correct - the first dreadnought soon burst into flames.

Suddenly dreadnought ran into a cluster of mines, apparently carefully prepared by one of our people, and stopped resisting.

So the Halians only have one left dreadnought, which means the end is near.

First we need to capture dreadnought, this trophy is extremely important for the Confederacy.

For one dreadnought It doesn't take twenty missiles, but twice as many plus luck.

And then this damn one arrived dreadnought and I could hardly wait for you to finally raise your defense sphere.

The oldest surviving dreadnought, USS Texas (BB-35), launched in 1912

Exactly 110 years ago, on February 10, 1906, the British warship Dreadnought was launched in Portsmouth. By the end of that year she was completed and commissioned into the Royal Navy.

At the same time, the Dreadnought was not unique - the revolutionary ship became the product of the long evolution of battleships. Its analogues were already going to be built in the USA and Japan; Moreover, the Americans began developing their own dreadnoughts even before the British.

But Britain was the first.

The calling card of the Dreadnought was its artillery, which consisted of ten main caliber guns (305 millimeters). They were supplemented by many small 76-mm guns, but the intermediate caliber was completely absent on the new ship.

The habit of equipping battleships with many—up to 12 or even 16—medium-caliber guns was explained simply: the 305-mm guns took quite a long time to reload, and at that time the 152-mm guns were supposed to shower the enemy with a hail of shells. This concept proved its worth during the war between the United States and Spain in 1898 - in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba, American ships achieved a depressingly small number of hits with their main caliber, but literally riddled the enemy with medium-caliber “rapid fire.”

In the 1903 edition of Jane's Fighting Ships, a short article—only three pages—appeared by Cuniberti, “The Ideal Fighting Ship for the British Navy.” In it, the Italian described a giant battleship with a displacement of 17 thousand tons, equipped with 12,305-mm cannons and unusually powerful armor, and even capable of reaching a speed of 24 knots (which made it a third faster than any battleship).

"Father" of the Dreadnought

Admiral Fisher, pushing the Dreadnought project through the British Admiralty, was guided not by theoretical, but by practical considerations.

Fisher also insisted on equipping the Dreadnought with the latest steam turbines, which allowed the ship to develop over 21 knots, while 18 knots were considered sufficient for battleships. The admiral understood well that the advantage in speed allows him to impose on the enemy a favorable battle distance. Given the Dreadnought's vast superiority in heavy artillery, this meant that a few of these ships were capable of destroying an enemy fleet while remaining effectively out of reach of most of its guns.

Without a single shot

The unprecedented speed of work had a downside. The photographs from Portsmouth show that the hull assembly is not always of high quality - some armor plates are crooked, and the bolts securing them are of different sizes. No wonder - 3 thousand workers literally “burned” at the shipyard for 11 and a half hours a day and 6 days a week.

The most powerful ship of the era never fired at the enemy with its main caliber. The Dreadnought was not present at the Battle of Jutland in 1916, the largest clash of dreadnought fleets, but was undergoing repairs.

But even if the Dreadnought were in service, it would have to remain in the second line - in just a few years it was hopelessly outdated. It was replaced in both Britain and Germany by larger, faster and more powerful battleships.

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