Physical education presentation on volleyball. Physical education project “volleyball”

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Volleyball from the English “volleyball”: “volley” is translated as “hitting the ball from the air” (can also be translated as “flying” or “soaring”) and ball is “ball”

Suvorova V.M. teacher of the highest category GBOU SPO SO "ETET"

“Volleyball... A game that makes your heart sink. A game in which thought pulsates, feverish, hot, working under constant time pressure. Game without draws. A game without rudeness, cruelty and violence. A game that makes you temporarily forget about the uncomfortable, imperfect world behind the rectangle of the court divided by a grid. » Vyacheslav Platonov

Volleyball, as a team sport, fosters a sense of responsibility to the team, the ability to work in a team and trust others. Regular play of volleyball has a hardening effect on the body and increases the body's endurance. The variety of movements and variable intensity of the load when playing volleyball trains almost all muscle groups. Volleyball strengthens the musculoskeletal system and improves joint mobility. Trains the eye muscles, expands the field of vision. Volleyball trains agility, precision, mobility and flexibility

Volleyball has a positive effect on the nervous system, improves mood, and helps fight stress and depression. Strengthens the cardiovascular system and improves blood circulation. Positively affects the respiratory system. Volleyball classes develop in children and adults such qualities as hard work, courage, perseverance, perseverance, discipline and the ability to quickly respond to changing situations.

Technical elements of volleyball: Upper and lower straight serve. Passing the ball from above and below. Forward strike, etc.

Passing with two hands from above: legs bent at the knees, torso straight, arms extended forward and upward, hands in front of the face and forming a bucket.

Performing an overhand pass: When passing, the player smoothly straightens his legs and moves his arms slightly forward and upward towards the ball. This movement continues when the hands come into contact with the ball, but at this moment the fingers, under the influence of the mass of the ball, are retracted back, softly stopping its flight with a yielding movement. The pass is completed with a springy movement of the fingers and hands, due to which the ball is pushed in a new direction.

Pass with two hands from below: legs slightly bent at the knees; the body is slightly tilted forward; arms below, hands nested one inside the other.

Performing a pass with two hands from below: When receiving the ball, the player, straightening his legs and straightening his torso, moves his arms forward towards the ball, the ball is received on the cuffs. As with top gear, it is necessary to observe the sequence of work of individual parts of the body: legs, torso, arms.

Low straight serve: The player faces the net, legs slightly bent at the knees, body weight shifted to the back leg. The swinging hand is pulled back and down, the other holds the ball in front of you at waist level. The ball is thrown up 20–40 cm, and a blow is made with a forward swing of the striking hand. At the same time, the back leg is extended, and the weight of the body is transferred to the front leg. The ball is hit with a tense palm or fist.

Overhead straight serve: The player stands facing the net, legs slightly bent at the knees, left hand in front, ball in left hand; the right one, slightly bent at the elbow joint, is pulled back and up for the swing. The body weight is concentrated mainly on the right leg. The ball is thrown up, the right arm is raised up, and the body weight is transferred to both legs. At the moment of hitting the ball, the movement of the shoulder slows down, and the forearm and hand make a quick and short movement forward in the direction of the serve. The ball is hit with a tense palm.

An offensive strike consists of a run-up, a jump and a strike. The run-up usually consists of three steps: the first is small and slow; the second – adjusts the direction of the player’s movement; the third, always fast and wide, is performed in a jump. It necessarily contains not only the flight phase of the body, but also a stopping movement with one foot touching the other. In this step, the arms and torso are moved back, and the legs are placed on the support from the heels.

The jump is performed with two legs, while the player simultaneously extends his legs and torso at the ankle, knee and hip joints and makes a forward-upward swinging movement, then the hitting arm is pulled back to swing at the blow. The ball is hit with a straightened hand high and always in front of the player, but before this the torso must bend back, especially strongly in the chest, and take the position of a drawn bow.

Volleyball is one of the most common games in Russia. The mass, truly folk character of volleyball is explained by its high emotionality and accessibility, based on the simplicity of the rules of the game and the simplicity of the equipment. A special advantage of volleyball as a means of physical education is its specific quality - the possibility of self-dosing the load, i.e. correspondence between the player’s preparedness and the load he receives. This makes volleyball a game accessible to people of all ages

Sources: volley4all.net › literature.html BestReferat.ru › Volleyball libsid.ru › voleybol … voleybol istov … v … zavedeniy ach rutracker.org › forum / viewtopic.php … spek.keytown.com›rasMain/ volley.ru›globals /documents/download.php… def.kondopoga.ru› Volleyball strongsport.ru›All about volleyball

PROJECT "VOLLEYBALL"

Prepared by:

• 11th grade student
• MKOU "Mikhailoannenskaya Secondary School"
• Sovetsky district of Kursk region
• Bulanova Natalya
• Supervisor:
• physical education teacher
• Rudenko Tatyana Anatolevna

• Introduction
• Volleyball game
• Game history
• Rules of the game

• Introduce the history and rules of the game.
• Tell about outstanding volleyball players.

Introduction

• There are many different sports. athletics, weightlifting, basketball, football, curling, skeleton, etc. Today I want to talk about the team sports game volleyball. This is one of the common sports games. Volleyball is played by people of various professions and ages. They play everywhere: on the water, on the sand, in the hall.

Volleyball game

Volleyball is a sport, a team sports game, during which two teams compete on a special court, separated by a net, trying to direct the ball to the opponent's side so that it lands on the opponent's court, or so that a player of the defending team makes a mistake. At the same time, to organize an attack, players of one team are allowed no more than three touches of the ball in a row.

• The inventor of volleyball is William J. Morgan, a physical education teacher at the YMCA College in Holyoke (Massachusetts, USA). In the fall of 1895, in the gym, he hung a tennis net at a height of 197 cm, and his students, whose number was not limited on the court, began throwing a basketball camera over it. Morgan called the new game "mintonette." The game was later demonstrated at the YMCA college conference in Springfield and, at the suggestion of Professor Alfred T. Halsted, received a new name - “volleyball.” In 1897, the first volleyball rules were published in the USA: court size 7.6 x 15.1 m (25 x 50 ft), net height 198 cm (6.5 ft), ball circumference 63.5-68.5 cm ( 25-27 inches) and weighing 340 g, the number of players on the court and touches of the ball was not regulated, a point was counted only with one’s own serve, if the serve was unsuccessful it could be repeated, up to 21 points were played in a game.

• In our country volleyball began to develop widely in 1920. In 1923, the first volleyball competitions were held in Moscow, and in 1925, the Moscow Council of Physical Education approved the first official rules for such competitions. An important event in the development of volleyball in the country was the All-Union Championship, held in Moscow during the first All-Union Spartakiad in 1928, as well as the Spartakiad of Pioneers and Schoolchildren in 1929.
• Since 1933, Russian volleyball championships have been regularly held.
• Since 1957, volleyball has become an Olympic sport.

Rules of the game

• Volleyball is a collective game; play 6X6;
• The goal of the game is to use hand strikes to direct the ball to the opponents’ side and land it there;
• the size of the court is 9X18 m, divided by floors by a net (at a height of 2.43 m for men’s teams and 2.24 m for women’s teams)
• the match consists of 5 games, and they are made up of episodes, in any of them one point is played out. The episode begins with a serve through the net (the server is behind the line of his court), after which the players of the enemy team, passing the ball to each other no more than two times, send it through the net with the third hit. The team receives a point and the right to the next serve if the opponent fails to hit the ball (and it touches the ground or floor) or does not throw the ball back over the net in three touches. The team that scores 25 points wins the game. When the score is 24:24, the game continues until the difference reaches two points. The match is won by the team that defeats its opponents in three out of five games. In the fifth, you need to score not 25, but 15 points.

• team players are located on the courts in a certain order, the zones are designated by numbers 1, 2,3,4,5,6 (clockwise); three under the net (front line) and three behind the net (back line). The team players are also distributed according to the zones. The ball is put into play by the player in zone 1, for which it goes out of the court beyond the end line into the service zone.
• If a team wins a point with someone else’s serve, then the players in front of their team move clockwise, moving to other zones.

• Lower straight serve - the player stands in a high formation, facing the wall, the center of gravity is shifted to the back leg, which must necessarily be the same as the removing hand; the hand carrying out the blow is pulled back to the swing position; the other hand, bent at the elbow joint, holds the ball in front of the striking hand and strikes the ball with the heel of the palm (not the fingers). Together with the movement of the striking hand, the rear leg is extended and the center of gravity of the body is transferred to the front leg.

• Overhead straight serve - the player stands in a high stance facing the net, with his hand holding the ball at chest level; the striking hand is lowered down and forward. When throwing the ball up, the torso leans back, the center of gravity is transferred to the back standing leg, the striking arm is thrown up, the elbow is moved to the side and back, and the shoulder is back, the hand rises above the head. With the simultaneous extension of the standing leg behind, the movement of the torso forward and the arm forward and upward, the ball is struck. The value of this serve is the combination of high accuracy and the widest possibilities for imparting different speeds to the ball.

• the player in a high stance stands sideways to the net, feet parallel to the baseline, legs bent at the knees; the hand holds the ball at or just below the waist. When throwing the ball, the torso leans back and towards the striking hand, the leg of the same name bends, the hand freely lowers to the downswing position - to the side. The ball is hit by extending the leg, moving the torso and arm in the same plane. The value of this serve lies in the high speed of the ball, even sometimes at the expense of accuracy.

• The speed of the ball when serving can reach 130 km/h for the best players.
• The record attendance for a volleyball match was set on July 19, 1983. The friendly match between the national teams of Brazil and the USSR at the famous Maracanã football stadium was watched by 96,500 spectators.
• The record for the longest game duration under the new rules was set in 2002 within the framework of the Italian men's championship “Cuneo” and “Sisley” - the second set of this match lasted 48 minutes and ended with a score of 54:52 in favor of the team from Treviso. In 2007, in Athens, the teams AEK and PAOK completed the second game with the same score in favor of the guests, and it lasted 57 minutes.

• The first Honored Masters of Sports of the USSR were Valentina Oskolkova (1942) and Anatoly Chinilin (1944). They were also awarded the first titles of “Honored Coach of the USSR” (1956)
• The largest number of medals in the history of volleyball at the Olympic Games was won by Karch Kiraly - 2 gold medals in classical volleyball and one in beach volleyball. Among women, this is the Soviet volleyball player Inna Ryskal, who won 2 gold and 2 silver medals at 4 Olympics.

• While preparing this project, I learned a lot about the history of this interesting game, about famous volleyball players. I discovered interesting facts from history. I hope that in the future this sport will become even more popular.

Literature

• 1. Small Encyclopedia of Physical Culture and Sports - M.: “Rainbow” 1982.
• 2. Encyclopedia for children Sports - M.: “Avanta” 2001.
• 3. V.I. Lyakh, L.E. Lyubomirsky, G.B. Maikson Textbook Physical education grades 10-11 - M.: “Prosveshcheniye”, 2000.
• 4. Yu.N. Kleshchev Textbook “Sports Games” - M.: “Higher School” 1980.
• 5. Yu.D. Zheleznyak, Yu.M. Portnov, V.P. Savin, A.V. Lexakov Sports games - M.: “Academy” 2001.
• 6. // “Sports at school” No. 3 2004.

PRESENTATION MADE BY 11TH CLASS STUDENT BULANOVA NATALIA

TEACHER: RUDENKO T. A.

History of the development of volleyball

In 2005, it was 110 years since the day when, in 1895, in the United States, college physical education teacher William Morgan proposed a game called volleyball (from English “hitting the ball on the fly”). Often the names of the game were “flying ball”, “ball in the air”. In 1900 Volleyball is expanding beyond the United States and gaining popularity on all continents. The basis of the currently existing rules was formulated in 1920.

In our country, volleyball began to develop widely in 1920. In 1923, the first volleyball competitions were held in Moscow, and in 1925, the Moscow Council of Physical Education approved the first official rules for such competitions. An important event in the development of volleyball in the country was the All-Union Championship.

Since 1933, Russian volleyball championships have been regularly held.

Since 1957, volleyball has become an Olympic sport.

Game characteristics

Volleyball is a ball sport in which two teams compete on a special court divided by a net.

The goal of the game is to send the ball over the net so that it touches the opponent's court and prevent the opponent from making the same attempt. To do this, the team has 3 touches of the ball (and one possible additional touch of the ball on the block).

The ball is put into play by serving.

In volleyball, the team that wins the rally gets a point.

Player positioning

There must always be six players from each team in a game. The team's starting line-up indicates the order in which the players will move onto the court. This order must be maintained throughout the game.

When the receiving team is allowed to serve, its players move one position clockwise: position 2 player moves to position 1 to serve, position 1 player moves to position 6, etc.

Starting stand

The player takes a position that allows him to easily start moving in any direction.

The optimal position is with your feet shoulder-width apart, knees bent, one leg slightly in front of the other, your torso tilted forward, your arms slightly bent at the elbows.

Serving the ball. Top direct feed.

The ball is hit above the level of the shoulder joint while facing the net. The player throws the ball over his head slightly in front of him to a height of up to 1 m above the outstretched arm, the hitting hand swings up and back, the shoulder is raised. Simultaneously with the swing, the player bends and moves the shoulder of the hitting arm back. During the strike, the striking arm is extended at the elbow joint and extended forward and upward.

The torso and outstretched arm form an almost straight line. The kick is made slightly ahead of the player. The semi-tense hand hugs the ball from behind and above, giving it the final direction.

Bottom straight feed.

The player faces directly towards the net. The ball is thrown at arm's length to a height of 0.5-1 m, not higher than the player's head. The swing is performed by freely moving the arm back. The blow is carried out by a swinging movement of the striking arm from behind - below - forward, approximately at the level of the player’s belt, below the level of the shoulder joint.

Top gear with two hands.

When moving to the meeting place with the ball, in the last step it is advisable to place your feet parallel to each other or one slightly in front. Legs are bent at the knees. Hands are brought out in front of the face, hands are at forehead level, index fingers and thumbs form a triangle. The hands are oval shaped and optimally tense.

Jump pass.

Performed when the ball flies high. During the jump, the arms are raised above the head higher than when passing in a standing position. Counter movement is characterized by active hand work. The most effective impact movement is performed at the highest point of lifting the body.

One-handed passing.

Performed in a jump, mostly shortened. During the jump, the arm is carried above the head. The elbow is raised high and directed forward, the hand is turned with the palm facing forward. The fingers are slightly bent and tense. Hitting the ball is performed by actively extending the arm at the elbow joint, the movement is sharp.

Transfer back.

Get under the ball so that it is above your head. The hands are extended above the head. In the striking movement, simultaneously with the extension of the legs, the player bends in the thoracic and lumbar parts of the body. The arms are extended at the elbow joints.

Direct forward strike.

Simultaneously with the take-off, the player swings his right hand up and back. It is important that the elbow is higher than the shoulder joint. The player bends in the chest and lumbar parts, the legs are slightly bent at the knees. At the moment of the striking movement, the striking arm straightens at the elbow joint, stretches upward and slightly forward. Then it falls forward - down. The hand is placed on the ball in a relaxed state from above - from behind. By the time of impact, the speed of the hand movement should be greatest.

Receiving the ball from below with both hands in support.

After the movement, the arms are brought forward extended and tense, the hands are joined together, the right hand seems to clasp and support the left one from below. Legs bent at the knees, shoulder-width apart, one leg may be slightly in front of the other. The body is slightly tilted forward.

Hands are positioned perpendicular to the trajectory of the ball. As the ball approaches, a counter movement is made with the arms with some cushioning, the legs are straightened, the ball is struck with tense forearms, the hands are pulled down toward oneself, the elbows are not bent. The main work is done by the legs and shoulders.

Receiving the ball from below with one hand in support.

In this way, balls flying far from the player are received after preliminary movement or lunging. The striking movement is performed with a tense hand, fingers clenched

(half fist or fist).

Receiving the ball with one hand from below while falling

on the hip - back or chest.

Reception of the ball with a fall on the hip - back is performed by a sequential roll.

When performing a technique with a fall on the chest, the player with the last step sends his body down with a sharp movement - forward, and brings his arms forward.

Receiving the ball with both hands from above while falling.

This technique is performed on the back and on the hip-back, when the ball flies directly towards the player or away from him. When performing a technique with a fall on the back after moving, the player takes the last step into a squat position. Hands out at face level. The striking movement is performed as in a two-handed overhand pass. When an impact occurs, the shoulders are pulled back somewhat, the body weight is redistributed, as a result of which the balance is disrupted. The player seems to sit on the heel behind the foot standing on the toe, group himself, tilt his head forward and fall on his “round” back. A back somersault is possible.

A technical technique used to block the path of a ball flying over the net after an opponent’s attack. The block is performed in most cases after moving with side steps. The player stops near the net, facing it. Feet shoulder-width apart, knees bent. Hands bent at the elbows in front of the chest.

Before jumping, the player crouches, then, breaking away from the support, places a block in front of him with a wave of his bent arms. The forearms are slightly inclined towards the net, the fingers are optimally tense . When setting the block, the arms are extended at the elbow joints and moved forward and upward. At the same time, the hands are bent at the wrist joints, the fingers move forward and down. At the moment of hitting the ball, the hands absorb the blow, and one should strive to direct the ball forward - down towards the opponent’s side. After the block, the player lands on bent legs.

One, two or three front line players can participate in a block.

Shashkova Lyubov Vladimirovna is an outstanding athlete, participant, and winner of international championships of the highest world level in volleyball. Honored Master of Sports of Russia was born on December 4, 1977 in Moscow. Currently she is a striker for the Istanbul club Fenerbahce. Also, Shashkova competes for the Russian national team. Lyubov is a two-time world champion in 2006 and 2010.

Maxim Mikhailov- Russian volleyball player. Born on March 19, 1988 in the village of Kuzmolovsky (Leningrad Region). The athlete’s debut in the Russian national volleyball team took place in 2008 on July 14. There was a World League match when Russia played with Korea, and it was then that Mikhailov showed what he was really capable of. Currently, Honored Master of Sports Maxim Mikhailov plays as part of the Zenit club team and also plays for the Russian national team.

Gamova Ekaterina Alexandrovna is a Russian volleyball player, world champion, and also a member of the national team that won silver medals at the Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics and the Athens 2004 Olympics.

Logan Tom helped the United States of America win. Despite the fact that she is not tall, she already managed to become a member of the Olympic team at the age of nineteen. After she helped her team win, famous coaches noticed her. The sports world believes that she has a great career ahead of her. She represented Team USA at three Olympic Games. She received one silver and two gold medals. The playing technique has become popular all over the world. It served as a real lesson for many future athletes.

Paula Wischoff deserves special attention among professional volleyball players. She was born in California in 1962. And already in 1980, she won an award in the Junior Olympic Games and received the title of Most Valuable Player (MVP). She received one bronze and one silver medal. Volleyball allows you to open up and achieve success, as well as experience the joys of life. This is a game that keeps the body in good shape.

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The goal is to create an understanding of the game of volleyball. Objectives: To familiarize students with the origins of volleyball and its history. To familiarize yourself with the history of volleyball in the USSR. Create an idea of ​​volleyball technique. Generate interest in playing volleyball through educational videos.

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History of volleyball Volleyball is a team sport that is very popular. Practicing this sport contributes to the development of many physical qualities: strength of the arms and shoulder girdle, jumping ability, reaction speed, coordination of movements in space and time. Volleyball appeared in the USA in 1895. The founder of this game was Pastor William Morgan, a college teacher, who proposed calling the game “volleyball,” which translated from English is “flying ball” (from “volley” - to hit on the fly and “ball” - ball). In 1900, the first volleyball rules appeared. Beach volleyball (2 x 2) has become very popular in Western Europe; in recent years, European and world championships have been held in this beautiful sport, and it is included in the program of the Olympic Games. Volleyball, which originated in 1895 in the USA, quickly became popular in different countries, especially on the European continent. Originally it was a game of entertainment. The ball was in the air for a long time, because... a large number of players in the team (8 - 10 people) and weak attacking technique did not allow the ball to fall onto the court for a long time. However, gradually methods of kicking the ball over the net began to appear, making it difficult for opponents to defend. This led to the identification of the main technical techniques: serve, pass, attack, block.

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The tactics of the game also changed. If initially all tactics boiled down to the balanced arrangement of players on the court, then the complication of the game made coordinated group and team actions necessary. Volleyball became a collective game. In 1947, the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) was created. The development of volleyball has accelerated. European and world championships began to be held, and the European Champions Cup was played. In 1964, volleyball was included in the Olympic Games program. Currently, more than 110 countries are members of the FIVB. Soviet athletes made a significant contribution to the development of world volleyball.

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Volleyball in the USSR. Volleyball appeared in our country in 1920–1921. in Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod and other cities of the Volga region. Since 1925, it has been actively developing in Ukraine and the Far East. The Dynamo sports society, created in 1923 on the initiative of F. E. Dzerzhinsky, was an active promoter of sports volleyball. In 1925, the first official volleyball rules in our country were approved in Moscow, according to which the first competitions were soon held (in 1926). In the same year, the first intercity meeting was held between volleyball players from Moscow and Kharkov. And already in 1928, at the First All-Union Spartakiad in Moscow, the All-Union Volleyball Championship was played for the first time among men's and women's teams. Meetings at the Spartakiad contributed to a unified interpretation of the rules of the competition and convinced of the need for collective team actions. After this, volleyball became a popular sport everywhere. The introduction of volleyball in 1931–1932 contributed to attracting young people to play volleyball. GTO physical education complex, one of the objectives of which was to improve the overall physical fitness of those involved in sports. On this basis, the skills of volleyball players improved and the technical capabilities of players and teams expanded. Volleyball is becoming a sports game in the full sense of the word. It was included in the programs of many major competitions. In 1932, the All-Union Volleyball Section was created, and since 1933, championships of the Soviet Union began to be held regularly. Our volleyball players held their first international meetings in 1935 with teams from Afghanistan. Soviet athletes won two games.

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Soon the world volleyball championships began to be held. Men's World Cups since 1949, and women's since 1952. It is interesting that already at the first World Championship, the USSR national team took first place, and the women's team in the same year took first place in the European Championship. Since that time, our athletes are still among the best on the world stage. Already in 1964, volleyball was included in the program of the Olympic Games held in Tokyo. At these competitions, volleyball players from the USSR and volleyball players from Japan took gold. Over the entire period of the Olympic Games (since volleyball entered the Olympic Games program), our volleyball players and volleyball players became Olympic champions seven times. The popularity of volleyball in the world continued to grow. Championships of countries and continents were held. The question arose about including it in the program of the Summer Olympic Games. in 1957, the session of the International Olympic Committee decided to recognize volleyball as an Olympic sport. At subsequent Olympics, Soviet volleyball players and female volleyball players became champions three times. Our athletes also won at the XXI Olympic Games in Moscow. The number of international competitions and tournaments has increased from year to year. Since 1965, the following sequence of events has been established: a volleyball tournament at the Olympic Games, next year the World Cup, then the World Championship, then the European Championship, and finally the Olympic Games again.

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General information The technique of playing volleyball is divided into attack technique and defense technique. Both in attack and defense, they distinguish: stances and movements, ball handling techniques. During the game, a volleyball player moves around the court. The purpose of these movements is to choose the best place to receive the ball and to perform other technical techniques. Maximum readiness to move is the most important thing in a player’s starting stances. The racks differ in the degree of bending of the legs: basic, high, low. Basic stance (Fig. 1): legs are at the same level and slightly bent, feet are parallel at a distance of 20 - 30 cm from each other, the torso is not strongly tilted forward, arms are bent in front of you. Having adopted a certain stance, some players stand motionless (static stance), others move in place by stepping or jumping (dynamic stance). Movement around the site is performed by walking, running or jumping.

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Walking. The player walks with a bent step, bringing his leg forward slightly bent. This allows him to maintain a stance and quickly take the necessary starting positions to perform tactical techniques. Run. Quick movements around the site and sudden changes in direction are performed by running on slightly bent legs. The last running step is the longest, since it is followed by a stopping movement (stopping, changing direction, jumping for an attacking blow or block). A jump is usually performed after a step or run, when the game situation forces you to extremely quickly take a new position to perform a technique. Fig.1 Stance of a volleyball player: a) main stance; b) standing while performing a two-handed pass from above

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Submissions. The technique by which the ball is put into play is called a serve. Common technical details for all types of serves are a stable stance, convenient for hitting, tossing the ball, hitting the ball, and the volleyball player’s transition to subsequent game actions. There are several types of serves: lower straight (Fig. 2), lower side (Fig. 3), upper straight (Fig. 4) and upper side (Fig. 5). The so-called planning feed (Fig. 6) is a type of top feed. The peculiarity of the “planing” serve is that the ball is struck with a hand fixed in the wrist joint, without any accompaniment (Fig. 7). As a result of this, the ball does not rotate, but glides without having a flight path. Reception of such balls is difficult. The jump serve is also often used (Fig. 8). The main thing in a jump serve is to throw the ball correctly, if you don't throw it correctly, then you are unlikely to serve at all. The ball must be thrown in front of you and forward, to the distance necessary for the run. In this case, the height and length of the throw are determined individually, based on simple convenience.

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Fig.2 Bottom straight feed (front and side view) Fig.3 Bottom side feed. Fig.4 Top direct feed Fig.5 Top side feed.

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Fig.6 Option of upper side feed, so-called planning feed Fig. 7 Methods of hitting the ball when performing planning serves.

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Transfers. The technical technique by which the ball is sent to a partner to continue the game or transferred to the opponent’s side is called a pass. Based on the direction relative to the transmitter, forward, overhead and backward transmissions are distinguished. Based on the length of the trajectory, they are distinguished: long passes - through the zone; short ones - to the neighboring zone; shortened ones - into their zone. Based on the height, transmissions are classified into low (up to 1 m above the grid), medium (over 2 m), and based on the distance from the grid - close (less than 0.5 m) and distant (more than 0.5 m). The most common is the two-handed overhand pass (Fig. 8, a). Its main advantages are reliability and accuracy. When performing this pass in the starting position, the player’s legs are bent at the knees, hands are brought out in front of the face so that the thumbs are approximately at eyebrow level. The hands are slightly turned inward, the ends of the fingers form an oval in the shape of a bucket (Fig. 8, b). The fingers are optimally tense.

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As the ball approaches, the legs begin to move towards it – they straighten at the knee joints and lift the player’s body. Following this, the arms are included in the movement - they rise and straighten to meet the ball. The main shock-absorbing load is taken by the thumbs. The index (primarily) and middle fingers are the percussive fingers. The ring and little fingers hold the ball from the sides without gripping it. These movements of the legs, torso and arms, performed together, provide a short touch of the ball with elastic fingers, allowing you to direct it to the desired point along the intended trajectory. Study the postures and movements of a volleyball player when passing with two hands from above, pay attention to the position of the legs, torso of the arms in the main stance (Fig. 8, a); the location of the fingers on the ball (Fig. 8, b); movements of a volleyball player when passing the ball forward, over himself and back (Fig. 9). Other types of passes are used less frequently: two hands from above in a jump (Fig. 10, a), one hand from above (Fig. 10, b), two hands from below (Fig. 16). In the modern game, passing is an important element of organizing an attack, connecting defense with attack. In this regard, the task of the passing player is to create the best conditions for his partners to attack with offensive blows. Each volleyball player must master the entire arsenal of fast and accurate passes, be able to alternate (change) them in length, height, direction, and perform distracting actions in a timely manner.

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Fig.8 Passing the ball with two hands from above (a); the position of the hands and the location of the fingers on the ball at the time of the pass (b). Rice. 10 Other types of passes performed in different directions in volleyball: a) with two hands in a jump, b) with one hand on top. Fig.9 Overhand pass with two hands, performed in different directions: a) forward; b) above oneself; c) back.

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The main types of passes in volleyball: - “just” a regular high pass to the 2nd and 4th zones. - “meter” is passed into the 3rd zone, at a height of a meter from the net. - “a meter behind” is passed in the same way as a meter, only the setter gives a pass behind his back. - “takeoff” is passed to the 3rd zone. At the moment when the setter touches the ball, the attacker should already be in the air with his arm outstretched, ready to strike, and the setter should put the ball into the attacker’s hand with a quick and short pass. - “take-off from behind” is passed like a normal take-off, only behind the head and the attacker runs a little late. - “dushka” passes like a takeoff, but only into a block gap. For example, between the third and fourth zones. - “stack” is played like a take-off in the 3rd zone, but the ball is not thrown with force into the attacker’s hand, but is suspended above the net at a height of 20-50 cm. The attacker must run with a delay compared to the take-off. But such attacks are easier to block, since the blockers have time to block. - “cross” is passed to the antenna, lower and faster than “simple”, at the moment when the setter touches the ball, the attacker must be in the final stage of the run-up and ready to jump. - “marita” is passed like a “meter”, but the difference is that the attacker imitates a take-off run and stops, the block rises, at the moment when the block falls, the attacker jumps and hits.

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Assault Attacking blows. An attacking technique consisting of one-handed hitting a ball that is above the top edge of the net onto the opponent's side is called an attacking shot. The speed of the ball depends on the blow: the stronger the blow, the greater the speed, therefore, it is more difficult to take it. According to the technique of execution, a distinction is made between a direct attacking blow and a side one. Both can be performed while jumping or from a running start. According to the speed of the ball, they are distinguished: 1) Power (speed); 2) Carpal (accelerated); 3) Deceptive (slow). Direct forward strike. The run-up length ranges from 2 to 4 m and consists of 2 to 4 steps. The first step is short, performed softly, as if sneaking, the last step is long, performed in the form of a leap. The straight leg is brought forward and placed on the heel, followed quickly by the other leg. The torso leans slightly back, arms below and behind. Together with the roll onto the toes, the legs are straightened and a jump is performed, the hitting hand rises with a wave along the shortest path

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During the jump, the shoulders and the hitting arm are pulled back, the torso bends (Fig. 12). From this moment the actual attacking strike begins. The first movement is bringing the elbow of the striking hand forward. The hitting arm, straightening at the elbow joint, begins to move forward and, with an accentuated movement, hits the ball with the hand. The fingers of the hand are tightly clenched at the moment of impact, the ball is slightly ahead of the player. Landing after a strike is performed on bent legs with arms down, which gives the player the opportunity to quickly begin moving in the desired direction or perform a second jump to block.

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A side attacking blow is performed after a wide swing across the side with the striking hand. By changing the movements of the arm and hand, you can also perform attacking strikes with the ball moving to the right and left.

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Strike with translation to the right or left. A strike with a translation to the right or left can be done with or without a rotation of the body. Strikes with a rotation of the torso are performed in the same way as a straight shot, but with a slight rotation of the torso in the direction of the strike and the ball is struck from above - from behind - to the right. When moving to the right, the torso begins an instant turn after lifting off the ground, then it is tilted to the left in order, and the shoulder is moved away from the net. And when hitting without turning the body, the main role is played by hitting the ball with the hand.

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Blocking in volleyball The technical technique of defense, with the help of which the path of the ball is blocked after an attacking blow from the opponent, is called a block, and the action of defenders is called blocking. From the position of the player (Fig. 20), preparing to block, the defender moves to the intended blocking location with an additional step, jump or run. The last step before jumping is performed as a jumping, stopping step (similar to a run-up before an attacking blow); the other leg is placed shoulder-width apart. Then comes the jumping. The legs begin the movement, then the arms continue. As the ball approaches, the arms are straightened and placed in the path of its movement: the fingers are spread apart and optimally tense, the hands are slightly bent to direct the ball forward - down to the opponent’s court.

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Receiving the ball in volleyball Defense technique. In defense, the same stances are used as in attack, but low stances are more often used. Movements in defense are also not much different from movements in attack - walking, running, lunges and jumps, but they are usually performed rapidly, with sudden stops, with a quick change of direction, often turning into a jump or attack. Countermeasures include catching the ball and blocking. Receiving the ball is a technical defensive technique that allows you to leave the ball in play after the opponents’ offensive actions. The main thing in modern volleyball is receiving the ball with both hands from below (Fig. 16). It is most reliable against increased attack power, against strong hits and planning serves. With this method of receiving the ball, the body is vertical or slightly tilted forward, straight arms are lowered forward - down, elbows are close together, hands are together. The ball is placed on the forearms closer to the hands (they say “on the cuff” Fig. 16).

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Receiving the ball with two hands from above is used against balls that are not flying very fast, as well as in cases where another method of receiving is not rational. Thus, a game situation often forces you to perform a reception and a directed pass followed by falling on your back (Fig. 17 and Fig. 18). In other cases, a reception with two hands from above is similar to the same pass. Fig. 17. Reception of the ball with a fall and roll onto the back Fig. 18. Receiving the ball with a lunge and fall (roll onto your back)

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Receiving the ball with one hand from below is considered inaccurate and is used relatively rarely, but if the ball flies far from the player and it is impossible to receive it in any other way, the volleyball player is forced to use this technique. A straight hand with tightly clenched fingers blocks the path of the ball; The striking movement is performed with the palm, fist, forearm or shoulder. The legs, as a rule, are not involved in these movements. With one hand from below in a fall (Fig. 19), the ball is received after a run and jump. Before mastering this technique, you should learn how to land correctly. After receiving the ball, the arms are extended forward and spread to the sides somewhat wider than the shoulders, placed on the floor and slowly bent at the elbows, absorbing the force of the fall. The player lands on his chest and rolls onto his stomach and hips. Having mastered the element on gymnastic mats and on the floor, it can be safely used on playgrounds.

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Slide 2

Volleyball is such a game that it requires jumping ability. The fans go not knowing who will take the fate of victory. The ball has an excellent reaction, the two teams reflect, and with variable luck, they score a goal for each other. The grid in the very center is dormant, silently dividing the field, But it does not accept mistakes, although it does not interfere with the field. Strength and agility will come in handy when attacking and serving, And those who win the match will enjoy victory.

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HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL
The official date of birth of the game is 1895. Twenty-year-old American physical education teacher from Helioke College (Massachusetts), William J. Morgan, announced the invention of the game volleyball. William Morgan lived in the small American town of Helioka. Morgan was a college professor. He came up with a game for his students. Its essence turned out to be simple. A rope was stretched between two pillars. On one side and the other, two square areas were outlined. The players were divided into two teams. Each team was allowed to touch the ball with their hands three times. Thus, with the third touch the ball had to be thrown over the rope to the opponents' side. And not just interrupt, but try to do it in such a way that his opponents cannot accept him. As soon as the ball fell to the ground, or flew under the rope, or one team failed to throw the ball to the opponents with three hits, the other team scored a point. Morgan called the game "mintonet" (ball in the air).

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On July 7, 1896, the first game of volleyball was played at Springfield College, and in 1900 a special ball was created for the game. In 1964, volleyball was included in the Olympic Games program at the Tokyo Olympics. In our country, volleyball began to develop rapidly, first in the border regions, then in the Middle Volga, Far East, Moscow, Ukraine, and Transcaucasia. In January 1925, the Moscow Council of Physical Education developed and approved the first volleyball rules in our country, which had discrepancies with the official international rules. In 1927, the first book on volleyball in Russian, “Volleyball and Fist Ball,” was published, edited by M.V. Sysoev and A.A. Makrushev.

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Varieties of volleyball
PIONEERBALL
Its main technical difference from classic volleyball is that the ball is picked up during the game. Accordingly, serving, passing to a partner and transferring the ball to the opponent’s side is carried out not by a blow, but by a throw. The match consists of three games, played to 15 points. The team that wins two games wins.

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BEACH VOLLEYBALL
(English beach-volley) a team sports game with a ball, a type of classic volleyball. Athletes play barefoot on a sandy area divided in half by a net. The goal of the game is to use your hands to direct the ball through the net so that it lands on the opponent's half (or the opponent is unable to hit it correctly), and to prevent the ball from falling on their part of the court. Beach volleyball (men's and women's) is practiced in more than 150 countries. Included in the program of the Olympic Games, Goodwill Games, Universiade and other major international competitions.

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Game for children under 14 years old. There are two levels: mini-3 and mini-4. Each team has three (four) players plus two substitutes. Both boys and girls can play for the team at the same time, but their ratio in the opposing teams must be the same. The game goes up to 15 points. When the score is 14:14, play until one of the teams has a two-point advantage or until it scores 17 points. To win the match you need to win two games. Often, mini-volleyball games are played against time.
MINI VOLLEYBALL

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Volleyball is a ball sport in which two teams compete on a special court divided by a net. The goal of the game is to send the ball over the net so that it touches the opponent's court and prevent the opponent from making the same attempt. To do this, the team has 3 touches of the ball (and one possible additional touch of the ball on the block). The ball is put into play by serving: the serving player directs the ball to the opponent’s side with a blow. The play of each ball continues until it lands on the court, goes “out” or a team error. In volleyball, the team that wins the rally receives a point (the “every rally is a point” system). When the receiving team wins the rally, it receives a point and the right to serve, and its players move one position clockwise.
RULES OF VOLLEYBALL

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A team can consist of a maximum of 12 players, one coach, one assistant coach, one massage therapist and one doctor. A team scores a point: when the ball successfully lands on the opponent’s playing court; when the opposing team makes a mistake; when the opposing team receives a reprimand. If two (or more) errors are made consecutively, then only the first error is taken into account. If two (or more) mistakes are made by the opponents at the same time, then this is considered a mutual fault and the ball is replayed. The play of the ball is the play action from the moment the serve is hit until the ball goes out of play. If the serving team wins the ball, it scores a point and continues to serve. If the receiving team wins the ball, it scores a point and gets to serve. The game (except the decisive -5th) is won by the team that first scores 25 points with an advantage of at least 2 points. If the score is tied 24-24, the game continues until a 2-point advantage is achieved (26-24, 27-25, etc.). The winner of the match is the team that wins three games. In case of an equal score 2-2, the decisive (fifth) game is played to 15 points with a minimum advantage of 2 points.

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Passing the ball to a partner is the main technique in volleyball. It often determines the outcome of the game. Regardless of the position of the hands when receiving the ball, a distinction is made between upper and lower passes.
PASSING THE BALL

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It can be performed from various starting positions, the height of which depends on the flight of the ball. There are 4 starting positions for the player before performing an overhead pass. The most convenient and accurate are top gears from a high position, when the legs are spread apart, the knees are slightly bent, the torso is in an upright position, the arms are extended forward and upward and bent at the elbows; Elbows are apart and at shoulder level. The palms of the hands are facing the approaching ball. The spread fingers meet the ball and come into contact with it mainly with the first and second phalanges. At the moment of passing, the legs and arms are smoothly extended and the ball is sent with a gentle movement of the fingers in the desired direction.

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untimely access to the ball; incorrect starting position before going out to receive the ball; asymmetrical position of the hands; receiving the ball at chest level or behind the head; inconsistency in the movements of the arms, torso, legs.
Possible mistakes

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It is used by volleyball players in cases where the ball flies from the opponent’s serve. Low gear can be performed with one or two hands. Most often they use the low pass with both hands, placing the forearm under the ball. When passing with two hands, the ball can be directed more accurately. To receive the ball in low gear with both hands, you need to take a lunge position (with one leg bent forward or to the side, bent at the knee and hip joint), connect your hands and place your forearm under the flying ball.
LOWER GEAR

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Possible mistakes
untimely access to the ball; incorrect position and movement of the hands; discrepancy between the speed of movement of the arms and legs and the speed of the ball; lack of coordination in the movement of the arms, torso and legs.

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In volleyball, several types of ball serve are used.
SERVING THE BALL
Top feed
Bottom feed
Jumping power serve

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BOTTOM DIRECT FEED
The low straight serve is performed from a position in which the player stands facing the net, the legs are bent at the knee joints, the left one is put forward, and the body weight is transferred to the right leg standing behind. The fingers of the left hand, bent at the elbow joint, support the ball from below. The right hand is pulled back to swing, the ball is thrown up and forward at arm's length. The blow is performed with a counter movement of the right hand from below - forward at approximately waist level from behind the front line. The player simultaneously extends his right leg and transfers his body weight to the left. After the strike, an accompanying movement of the arm is performed in the direction of the serve, the legs and torso are straightened.
1-B; 2-B; 3-B; 4-B; 5 B; 6-B

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