When did nylon stockings appear? Transparent nylon stockings. How to make knee socks from nylon tights?
Stockings are an element of women's clothing (as important for men as tights). Let's omit the history of stockings from the moment they appeared, when they were clean men's clothing and before women master this subject, we will consider the history of stockings in the USSR.
Structure of stockings
Stockings of the late 50s consisted of a collar, shank, heel, trail and toe.
In this way, the yarn can be made from 100 very fine fibers. This is why microfiber products can achieve such high levels of breathability compared to regular fibers. Other benefits include very soft touch feeling, regular appearance and easy feeling to put on. Microfiber can absorb up to seven times its weight in water.
Modal is a cellulose fiber derived from viscose-based trees. They are highly resistant to damage and shine. The material absorbs 50% more moisture than cotton. It is very comfortable on the skin because it keeps it dry and allows it to breathe. In addition, its fibers have a smooth, delicate structure that prevents the modal surface from being tampered with during washing, so that it always retains its softness and elasticity.
Board – top part a stocking that covers the part of the leg above the knee is intended to secure the stocking on the leg; for strength it was made double. The lower narrowed part of the shank is called the neck. The heel in some types of stockings consists of two parts: high and low. The high heel could be pyramidal or another configuration, the low heel could be rectangular or round.
Natural fibers Natural fibers - from natural raw materials. Organic fibers are widely used in the textile industry. Yarn is made from long or short fibers that are wound by twisting or turning. Natural fibers are divided into:
Plant fibers from natural animal fibers, such as asbestos. The most important natural plant fibers include. Cotton hemp sisal abaca nettle tree. . The most important natural fibers from animals are.
The low heel wore out more than other parts of the stocking, so it was made from threads of a lower number and with a higher density than the rest of the stocking, in addition, reinforcement (reinforcement) was made in it, which was achieved by knitting an additional strong thread from nylon or other fiber. The lower part of the toe (the place at the base of the toes), as well as the heel, was made more durable (low yarn count, high density).
Wool silk hair natural hair. . These are synthetic polymers containing an amide group to produce synthetic fibers with very high tensile strength and are easy to dye. Nylon is manufactured in a variety of yarn varieties and is the primary raw material for other materials today.
They are very durable and easy to clean. Due to their low melting point, they cannot withstand high temperatures. They are used, for example, for high-quality stockings, women's underwear, corsets and overdresses and for swimwear. Polyester It's synthetic chemical fiber With various properties, mainly processed into mixed fibers. Depending on the application, different proportions of blends with cotton, wool or viscose are used. Polyester fibers are characterized by low moisture absorption, which makes them dry quickly.
Types of stockings in the USSR
Women's stockings were cotton. (from yarn of medium and high numbers), from viscose silk, wool, mixed (from cotton yarn with viscose lye - plated), nylon and from highly elastic synthetic threads - elastic (nylon, silone, etc.) of the most diverse different colors. Fashion was and still is of great importance in the colors of stockings.
Polyester is a light, lightweight, unchanging, stable material that does not wrinkle. It is used with other yarns, for example this yarn can be stretched 3-7 times its original length without breaking and then springs back to its original state. Wool is a natural fiber obtained from sheep, camels, camels, rabbits and others. Wool wool has characteristics that make it ideal for producing high-quality textiles. Advantages: Warm, absorbs moisture well, does not change in size, not for me.
Stockings made from yarn and silk with a low coefficient of friction (flat twist nylon, flat viscose silk, etc.) are subject to unraveling. Stockings made from high-twist threads have reduced unraveling (800-1000 twists per 1 m instead of 180-200 twists per 1 m). These stockings also have better stretch, less cling, and a subdued shine.
These positive traits, which increase its value, are rarely diminished by combining it with other fibers. The most popular types of new wool are: merino sheep; Angora - rabbit; Cashmere - Mountain goat and alpaca - a type of llama. Fibers Fibers are a type of fiber that is not natural but is artificially produced by man.
Fibers are divided into. Modified - their source is raw materials subject to chemical reactions, which change their structure; Examples are, for example, viscose fibers obtained from modified cellulose from plants. Synthetic - obtained from the very beginning using chemical synthesis, for example, based on nylon or polyester. The earliest equipment is found, according to the Bible, during the time of Adam and Eve, and it appears to be a floor covering in plant fibers. Throughout history they have faced various forms.
The low air permeability of nylon fiber is compensated by the fact that nylon stockings are made from high-number (very thin) threads. Since the fifties, women's stockings in the USSR have been produced especially thin - gossamer (threads No. 750, 600, 900), thin (nylon, perlon, silicone, nylon, thread No. from 200 to 300), non-thin (cotton combed) mercerized yarn No. 135/2-170/2 fildepers), medium (cotton combed mercerized yarn No. 85/2-120/2 and viscose silk No. 60-113) and coarse (cotton mercerized yarn No. 85/2-120/2) yarn No. 54/2-65/2, woolen hardware No. 14/2-18/2 and combed No. 24/2-34/2).
For example, gladiators were among the first to wear thongs. Famous intimate underwear then it was called subligakulum and consisted of a white strip of wool that covered the lower part of the body and sat in front and behind under the belt. Greek athletes and actors, like the Romans, also wore panties to avoid exposing their genitals, considered, as in the time of Adam, shameful. Athletes could compete without covering their thighs, thereby eliminating the perizoma. The change was so radical that it was recorded by historians.
The vast majority of articles of women's stockings were produced with a smooth weave, providing high hygienic properties (elasticity, breathability, sweat absorption). The disadvantage of this weave is that the loop structure unravels when at least one loop of the stocking is broken or lowered; those produced with low-unraveling weaves - press, jacquard, tied, etc., unravel less, and stockings produced with a special micromesh weave unravel only in the direction opposite to knitting.
The toga of the Roman nobles hides the same women's underwear. Roman women wore a sort of triangular knickerbocker with a wide back and a belt under their hoods. The underwear was held together with pins or needles. From a historical perspective, primitive forms of perizoma were used by many ancient populations. Etruscans are usually represented by shorts or panties ranging from very short to knee length. The folded shirt was called an Egyptian braid and was made of cotton. Slaves were simpler, but judges, priests and pharaohs were more refined and more decorated.
The disadvantage of low-opening weaves is reduced elasticity. Jacquard and press stockings are distinguished by a characteristic mesh structure; some of the loops in them have elongated broaches (jacquard) or loop throws (press). In especially thin stockings (art. 104 and 106), this mesh was invisible.
Comparison of stockings (by type of fiber)
Properties
The word "trousers" is of French origin. In Romanian lands, short-corded trousers were called cui and were often decorated with chitons. They were made of white and thick fluffy hair. Marlene Dietrich and garters. This is how the first corners made of wool, cotton or silk appeared.
Nylon was a revelation, and the first stockings of this material appeared in New York stores in the spring. Second World War disrupts sock production, with nylon yarn used primarily for parachutes and military tents. The one who greatly contributed to the popularization of this item of clothing was Marlene Dietrich. Famous actress German origin adopted the small screen fashion of transparent socks with a portrait. However, the garter has a remarkable age.
- Wear resistance
- Bloomability
- Thermal protection
- Hygroscopicity
Woolen
- Low
- Low
- Highest
- Highest
Cotton
- Average
- Reduced
- Reduced
- High
Viscose
- Reduced
- High
- Reduced
- High
Properties
Edward's courtiers got what they got. One of the habits of those times was that on the evening of the wedding, knights who admired the groom stole the bride’s garters. With the advent of the miniskirt, elastane, a new fiber that increases the quality and variety of stockings, appears in the early 1970s.
In ancient times there was no intimate underwear, and clothes were worn directly on the skin. Strips of leather supported the waist and chest of women. The Roman aristocrat adds a new piece to the clothing, an intimate tunic dressed in underwear. There were no tailors at that time. Women only needed two pieces of cloth, and with the help of the fibula they could adapt themselves to the peplum and imitations that were outer clothing.
- Wear resistance
- Bloomability
- Thermal protection
- Hygroscopicity
Nylon (regular)
- High
- High
- Low
- Low
Nylon highly elastic
- Highest
- Low
- High
- Reduced
Seamed stockings
Women's stockings are divided into stockings with a seam, made on cotton (flat stocking) machines, and stockings without a seam, produced on circular hosiery machines.
In any case this was not achieved, but by tightening the curls of the bodice, which compressed chest, immobilizing the last ribs, pressing the plexus. Under these conditions, breathing became very difficult, and the bodice often caused fainting, causing women to carry salts of pungent odors in their wallets.
The bra tightened, supported, lifted, maximized and minimized generations female breasts, from the faded ones that were fashionable in the 20s to those that were bombed and worn in the 40s. Born out of necessity, you can't ride a bike or dance in your elevator, its function is paradoxical: to hide and reveal your breasts at the same time. With the help of her maid, the young woman knitted two silk handkerchiefs with a pink cotton belt and obtained an item with which her breasts were attached under her dress.
Women's stockings with a seam (cotton) have a stitch seam running along the side, leg and mark on the sole, and reductions (reducing the number) of loops on the leg and mark. Thanks to the seam and allowances, these stockings come as close as possible to the shape of the leg and fit it well, since they are knitted in the form of a stocking of a certain shape.
Stephanie Middh, curator of the costume museum in Winnipeg, Canada, says that with the advent of the bra cup, there is no conversation about a woman's breasts, but about her breasts as separate joints. With the advent of the maggot cup, it is actually accepted that breasts come in different sizes. This discovery becomes the focal point of a multi-billion dollar a year industry.
One bra has 45 grams and contains more than 40 components. It is designed to support weights from 300g to 9lbs. Consumers spend more than $16 billion annually on bras. Every woman has at least six of these items in her wardrobe. Research says that more than 80% of women wear the wrong bra size. To find out if a bra is the right fit, designers recommend doing a pencil test: Place a pencil between your breasts. If it doesn't fall to the floor, then the woman in question should be wearing a bra.
In some varieties of elegant cotton stockings, the side and leggings are made with various spectacular patterns. On the side of the stocking there may be openwork borders of various widths and various artistic motifs, marks showing the size of the product, factory marks, etc. The top of the side can be jagged. In some articles of nylon stockings, the high heel and reinforcement of the footprint were made with silk edging in different colors. Seamed stockings, in addition to elastic stockings, were produced in four sizes: 21, 23, 25, 27; made of elastic - two sizes (18 and 20).
Bra, minor role in films. Kramer felt inspired and came up with a type of bra for men, calling it the Manier. Hill accidentally discovered a chemical that would revolutionize... Everyday life women all over the world.
Nylon T-shirts hit the market immediately, followed by toothbrushes, surgical sutures and fishing tools made from the same material. They cost twice as much as their silk stockings, but women enjoy both colorful and powerful stockings. The first nylon stockings appeared in stores in New York City, with more than 1,000 pairs sold in just over the first day. The Japanese silk market collapsed almost overnight. Four million pairs of tights were sold daily in the United States alone.
... and without it
Women's stockings without a seam (from round machines) do not have stitched seams; some types of these stockings are decorated with a false overlay seam running along the leg to the heel. In these stockings there are no loop deductions on the leg and track; in some types there are false deductions on the leg, produced by press loops. In some varieties there is a hem seam connecting the inwardly folded edge of the bead to the leg piece. Seamless stockings were produced in five sizes: 19, 21, 23, 25, 27. The height of the side varied from 5 to 7 cm, the perimeter of the side in the stretched state was at least 475-500 mm. The total length of the stocking without a seam from all types of yarn and artificial silk is 68 cm, from synthetic silk 78 cm, the length of the trace corresponds to the number expressed in centimeters, the height of the heel is 4 cm, the length of the neck is 8.5 cm.
Nylon became essential during that turbulent period of history, so its use was limited due to World War II restrictions in the US Army, which was used for tents, parachutes and ropes. The great billet revolution occurred in World War II. The explosion was very strong after a big crisis during the war, when women drew their stocking stripe with eyeliner, so they appeared to have stockings, says fashion analyst Alin Galatescu.
During the 50s, technological advances allowed the production of much finer hosiery in multiple colors, which reduced costs. Ten years later, the advent of tights was eclipsed for some time, an accessory considered too awkward in comparison. New discoveries, the discovery of new fibers such as elastane, also called Lycra or spandex, increased the variety of clothing.
USSR hosiery fashion
Stockings are an important part of a woman's toilet. In color, texture, and fiber, stockings should be combined with the entire clothing ensemble. It is not recommended to wear thick dark stockings with a light summer dress and open shoes. Women with full legs are recommended to wear dark-colored stockings.
In 1958, nylon was replaced by the elastic fiber spandex, better known under the brand name Lycra, but this invention did not affect the USSR, except for isolated purchases by diplomats and timidly appearing cultural representatives abroad.
They first had thermal, practical functionality and then began to work in a much more plastic way, culminating in the 80s with the dementia of socks being an essential part of women's wardrobes. You thought about a shirt, you thought about a blouse, a skirt, stockings, shoes, various accessories. They had their own section and importance,” says Alin Galetscu.
The specialist believes that this tradition has disappeared today. Today they are located in the technical area, not in the plastic area. They're brought into the cold to match a smarter ensemble, rather than showing toes in the shoes and showcasing the relationship between the shoe and the skirt or dress, he explains. According to the specialist, the 80s and 90s represented the glory of nylon socks in Romania.
Caring for stockings
Physico-mechanical and hygienic properties depend on the type of fiber from which they are produced, on the number of yarn (or threads) and on the loop structure of the knitwear. Stockings needed good care, frequent washing, correct selection of foot size, which ensured normal operation and extended service life. The length of time the stockings were worn depended on the condition of the shoes and the care of the toenails; the fingernails had to be carefully sharpened so as not to snag the thread. Nylon stockings require special care. Nothing much has changed here until now.
It was recommended to soak new stockings in warm water and dried in air, thanks to this they became more elastic and the formation of puffs was reduced. Nylon stockings should be washed in smooth dishes as often as possible (every 2–3 days). After washing, it was recommended not to twist them, but only to wring them out, roll them up in a towel, and hang them to dry, securing them by the toe and straightening them well. The stockings should not have been thrown over the rope, because... there were noticeable stripes on the stockings.
There is no need to iron your stockings after washing and drying them!
The basic requirements for the quality of stockings, linear measurements, manufacturing conditions and grading were determined by GOST 8541-57 and GOST 6013-56; in terms of color fastness, the stockings had to comply with GOST 2351-53, primary packaging, labeling and storage in accordance with GOST 3897-54.
Nylon stockings are the main attribute of temptation, again becoming a trend. It is very important to remember that it should not be clear that stockings are on while clothes are on. What to wear with nylon stockings, some rules for wearing stockings - we will talk about everything in this article.
Stockings have long and firmly occupied the main place in the wardrobe of many seductresses, and they use them in sophisticated ways to attract the attention of the opposite sex. If there is a noticeable line where the stocking ends and the bare skin of the leg begins, and also a short skirt, this set will certainly attract the attention of anyone, even the most modest man.
Types of stockings
Stockings can be divided into the following types:
- With lace trim – having a silicone elastic band and decorated with lace around the edge. Thanks to this, such stockings can be worn without a belt, although its use is not excluded.
- Transparent - this version of stockings is classic. This clothing attribute will suit absolutely any outfit - everyday, office, evening. Fashion consultants advise wearing such stockings with a belt of six garters.
- Black nylon - this option can be considered a win-win for liberated seductresses, because it is known that no stockings have such a stimulating effect on men as black ones.
- Stockings with a lace pattern - this type of stocking is used by women much less often than others, but it also has its admirers. Modern production can offer a lot of options, among which it will be easy to choose an addition to any clothing.
Some rules for wearing stockings
Despite all the variety and effectiveness of this “weapon” of seduction, we should not forget about the correctness of its use.
- It is not advisable to wear dark flesh-colored stockings that create the appearance of a tan, since if the difference between the color of your skin in stockings and open areas of the body is visible, it will be inappropriate and funny. When wearing dark underwear, stockings should be gray or black.
- When putting on tight-fitting stockings, you should take into account that they should not be combined with summer shoes; it is advisable to wear ankle boots or boots.
- What you should never do is wear stockings that are a darker color than your dress or skirt. And white stockings are only suitable for wedding dress. If the clothes are light-colored, then flesh-colored stockings should be worn.
- Any stiletto heels, sandals and pumps will look good with 20 denier stockings.
- To the owners full legs you should forget about fishnet stockings. Stockings with longitudinal and geometric patterns should be worn.
You should purchase stockings with a high content of lycra and, of course, strictly in your size - large stockings will constantly fall off, and small ones will quickly tear. By following these rules, the owner of stockings will definitely achieve success.
