Water protection zone standards. Coastal protective strip

1. Water protection zones are territories that adjoin the coastline of seas, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and on which a special regime for economic and other activities is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation of these water bodies and depletion of their waters, as well as the preservation of the habitat of aquatic biological resources and other objects of the animal and plant world.

2. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, coastal protection zones are established, on the territories of which additional restrictions on economic and other activities are introduced.

3. Outside the territories of cities and other settlements, the width of the water protection zone of rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and the width of their coastal protection strip are established from the corresponding coastline, and the width of the water protection zone of the seas and the width of their coastal protection strip - from the line of maximum tide ... In the presence of centralized storm drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of the coastal protection zones of these water bodies coincide with the embankment parapets, the width of the water protection zone in such territories is established from the embankment parapet.

4. The width of the water protection zone of rivers or streams is established from their source for rivers or streams with a length:

1) up to ten kilometers - in the amount of fifty meters;

2) from ten to fifty kilometers - in the amount of one hundred meters;

3) from fifty kilometers or more - in the amount of two hundred meters.

5. For a river, brook less than ten kilometers long from source to mouth, the water protection zone coincides with the coastal protection zone. The radius of the water protection zone for the sources of the river, stream is set at fifty meters.

6. The width of the water protection zone of a lake, a reservoir, except for a lake located inside a swamp, or a lake, a reservoir with a water area of ​​less than 0.5 square kilometers, shall be set at fifty meters. The width of the water protection zone of a reservoir located on a watercourse is set equal to the width of the water protection zone of this watercourse.

7. The boundaries of the water protection zone of Lake Baikal are established in accordance with the Federal Law of May 1, 1999 N 94-FZ "On the protection of Lake Baikal".

8. The width of the sea water protection zone is five hundred meters.

9. Water protection zones of main or inter-farm canals coincide in width with the right-of-way of such canals.

10. Water protection zones of rivers and their parts placed in closed collectors are not established.

11. The width of the coastal protection strip is set depending on the slope of the bank of the water body and is thirty meters for a reverse or zero slope, forty meters for a slope of up to three degrees and fifty meters for a slope of three or more degrees.

12. For flowing and wastewater lakes and corresponding watercourses located within the boundaries of swamps, the width of the coastal protection strip is set at fifty meters.

13. The width of the coastal protection zone of a river, lake, reservoir of especially valuable fishery value (spawning, feeding, wintering grounds for fish and other aquatic biological resources) is set at two hundred meters regardless of the slope of the adjacent lands.

14. On the territories of settlements, in the presence of centralized storm water disposal systems and embankments, the boundaries of the coastal protection zones coincide with the parapets of the embankments. The width of the water protection zone in such areas is established from the embankment parapet. In the absence of an embankment, the width of the water protection zone, the coastal protection strip is measured from the coastline.

15. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, it is prohibited:

1) the use of wastewater to regulate soil fertility;

2) placement of cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, objects of disposal of production and consumption waste, chemical, explosive, toxic, poisonous and poisonous substances, disposal sites for radioactive waste;

3) implementation of aviation measures to combat harmful organisms;

4) movement and parking of vehicles (except for special vehicles), except for their movement on roads and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with a hard surface;

5) location of filling stations, warehouses of fuels and lubricants (except for cases where gas stations, warehouses of fuels and lubricants are located in the territories of ports, shipbuilding and ship repair organizations, infrastructure of inland waterways, subject to compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and of this Code), service stations used for technical inspection and repair of vehicles, washing vehicles;

6) placement of specialized storage facilities for pesticides and agrochemicals, the use of pesticides and agrochemicals;

7) discharge of waste water, including drainage water;

8) exploration and production of widespread minerals (except for cases where exploration and production of widespread minerals is carried out by subsoil users engaged in exploration and production of other types of minerals, within the boundaries provided to them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the subsoil of mining allotments and (or ) geological allotments on the basis of an approved technical design in accordance with Article 19.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 N 2395-1 "On Subsoil").

16. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation of economic and other facilities are allowed, provided that such facilities are equipped with structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation and depletion of water in accordance with water legislation and legislation in the field of environmental protection. The choice of the type of structure that ensures the protection of a water body from pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of water is carried out taking into account the need to comply with the standards for permissible discharges of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms established in accordance with the legislation in the field of environmental protection. For the purposes of this article, structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation and depletion of water are understood as:

1) centralized drainage systems (sewerage), centralized storm drainage systems;

2) structures and systems for the drainage (discharge) of wastewater into centralized drainage systems (including rain, melt, infiltration, irrigation and drainage waters), if they are intended to receive such waters;

3) local treatment facilities for wastewater treatment (including rainwater, melt, infiltration, irrigation and drainage water), ensuring their treatment based on the standards established in accordance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and this Code;

4) structures for the collection of industrial and consumer waste, as well as structures and systems for the drainage (discharge) of wastewater (including rain, melt, infiltration, irrigation and drainage water) into receivers made of waterproof materials.

16.1. In relation to the territories of horticultural, vegetable gardening or dacha non-profit associations of citizens located within the boundaries of water protection zones and not equipped with wastewater treatment facilities, until they are equipped with such facilities and (or) connection to the systems specified in paragraph 1 of part 16 of this article, it is allowed the use of receivers made of waterproof materials that prevent the entry of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms into the environment.

17. Within the boundaries of coastal protection zones, along with the restrictions established by part 15 of this article, it is prohibited:

Feedback form.

Everyone knows that a person and his economic activity negatively affects the natural environment. And the load on it increases from year to year. This fully applies to water resources. And although 1/3 of the earth's surface is occupied by water, it is impossible to avoid its pollution. Our country is no exception, and close attention is paid to the protection of water resources. But this problem has not yet been fully resolved.

Coastal zones subject to protection

A water protection zone is called a zone to which the territory around any water bodies belongs. Here special conditions are created for. Within its limits there is a protective coastal strip with a stricter regime of protection, with additional restrictions on natural resources.

The purpose of such measures is to prevent pollution, contamination of water resources. In addition, the lake can become silted up, and the river can become shallow. The aquatic environment is a habitat for many living organisms, including rare and endangered ones, listed in the Red Book. Therefore, security measures are necessary.

The water protection zone and the coastal protection zone are located between the coastline, which is the boundary of the water body. It is calculated as follows:

• for the sea - according to the water level, and if it changes, then according to the low tide level,
• for a pond or reservoir - according to the retaining water level,
• for streams - according to the water level during the period until they are covered with ice,
• for swamps - from their beginning along the border of peat deposits.

The special regime on the border of water protection zones is regulated by Art. 65 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation.

Design

The design is based on regulatory documents that are approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia and are coordinated with those authorities responsible for

Design customers - territorial bodies from the Ministry of Water Resources of the Russian Federation. And in the case of reservoirs given for individual use - water users. They must keep the coastal protection zone in good condition. As a rule, trees and shrubs should grow on the border.

Projects undergo verification and environmental impact assessment, are coordinated with the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Special signs indicate where the border of the coastal protection strip ends. Before the project comes into force, its dimensions and dimensions of water protection zones are applied to the plan-scheme of the development of settlements, land use plans, and cartographic materials. The established boundaries and regime in these territories must be brought to the attention of the population.

Protective coastal strip dimensions

The width of the protective coastal strip depends on the steepness of the slope of the river or lake basin and is:

• 30 m for a zero slope,
• 40 m for a slope up to 3 degrees,
• 50 m for a slope of 3 degrees or more.

For swamps and flowing lakes, the border is 50 m. For lakes and reservoirs where valuable fish species are found, it will pass within a radius of 200 m from the coastline. On the territory of the settlement, where there are storm drains from the sewerage system, its borders run along the parapet of the embankment. If not, then the border will be along the coastline.

Ban on certain types of work

Since the zone of the coastal protective strip has a stricter regime of protection, the list of works that should not be carried out here is quite large:

1. The use of manure to fertilize the earth.
2. Disposal of agricultural and household waste, cemeteries, cattle burial grounds.
3. Use for discharge of contaminated water, garbage.
4. Washing and repairing machines and other mechanisms, as well as their movement in this area.
5. Use for placing transport.
6. Construction and repair of buildings and structures without the consent of the authorities.
7. Grazing and summer placement of livestock.
8. Construction of garden and summer cottages, installation of tent camps.

As an exception, the water protection and coastal protection zone is used for the placement of fish and hunting farms, water supply facilities, hydraulic engineering and at the same time, a water use license is issued, which stipulates the requirements for observing the rules of the water protection regime. Those persons who carry out illegal actions in these territories are responsible for their actions within the framework of the law.

Construction in the water protection zone

A protective coastal strip is not a building site, but there are exceptions to the rules for a water protection zone. Real estate objects and "grow" along the banks, and in geometric progression. But how do developers comply with legal requirements? And the law says that "the placement and construction of residential buildings or summer cottages with the width of the water protection area less than 100 m and the steepness of slopes of more than 3 degrees is strictly prohibited."

It is clear that the developer must first consult about the possibility of construction and the boundaries of the placement of the protective coastal strip in the territorial department of the Department of Water Resources. A response from this department is required to obtain a building permit.

How to avoid waste water pollution?

If the building has already been erected and is not equipped with special filtration systems, then the use of receivers made of waterproof materials is allowed. They do not allow environmental pollution.

The structures that support the protection of clean water sources are:

• Sewerage and centralized storm water drainage channels.
• Structures into which contaminated water is discharged (into specially equipped ones.This can be rain and melt water.
• Local (local) treatment facility, built in accordance with the standards of the Water Code.

Places for collecting waste of consumption and production, systems for discharging wastewater into receivers are made of special durable materials. If residential buildings or some other structures are not provided with these structures, then the protective coastal strip will suffer. In this case, fines will be imposed on or the company.

Penalties for violation of the water protection regime

Penalties for incorrect operation of protected areas:

• for citizens - from 3 to 4.5 thousand rubles;
• for officials - from 8 to 12 thousand rubles;
• for organizations - from 200 to 400 thousand rubles.

If violations are found in the sector of private housing development, then the fine will be issued to the citizen, and his expenses will be small. If a violation is detected, it must be eliminated within the allotted time. If this does not happen, then the building is demolished, including forcibly.

In case of violations in the protective zone where the drinking springs are located, the amount of the fine will be different:

• citizens will contribute 3-5 thousand rubles;
• officials - 10-15 thousand rubles;
• enterprises and organizations - 300-500 thousand rubles.

Magnitude of the problem

The coastal protection strip of a water body must be operated within the framework of the law.

After all, one polluted lake or reservoir can become a serious problem for a region or region, since everything in nature is interconnected. The larger the body of water, the more complex its ecosystem. If the natural balance is disturbed, it can no longer be restored. The extinction of living organisms will begin, and it will be too late to change and undertake anything. Serious violations of the environment of water bodies can be avoided with a competent approach, with observance of the law, with a careful attitude to the natural environment.

And if we talk about the scale of the problem, then this is not a question of all mankind, but a reasonable attitude towards the nature of each individual person. If a person treats with understanding the riches that the planet Earth gave him, then future generations will be able to see clean, transparent rivers. Scoop water with your palm and ... try to quench your thirst with water, which is impossible to drink.

In the last decade, many private real estate objects have been built on the shores of our reservoirs in cities and villages of the country. But at the same time, the legislative norms were not observed at all, by and large, they did not interest anyone. But construction in such places is illegal. Moreover, the coastal areas of water bodies have a special status. It is not for nothing that these territories are protected by law, there is probably something important, special in them ... Let's talk about this in more detail.

What is a water protection zone

First, you need to understand a little about the terminology. A water protection zone, in terms of legislation, is land adjacent to water bodies: rivers, lakes, seas, streams, canals, reservoirs.

A special mode of activity has been established in these areas to prevent clogging, pollution, deterioration and depletion of water resources, as well as to preserve the habitual habitat of flora and fauna, biological resources. On the territory of water protection zones, special protective belts are established.

Changes in legislation

In 2007, the new Water Code of Russia came into force. In it, in comparison with the previous document, the regime of the water protection zone was radically changed (from a legal point of view). Or rather, the size of the coastal territories has been greatly reduced. To understand what this is about, let's give an example. Until 2007, the smallest width of water protection zones for rivers (the length of the river is important) was from fifty to five hundred meters, for reservoirs and lakes - three hundred, five hundred meters (depending on the area of ​​the reservoir). In addition, the size of these territories was also clearly determined by such parameters as the type of land adjacent to the water body.

The determination of the exact dimensions of water protection zones and coastal protection zones was carried out by the executive authorities of the Russian Federation. In certain cases, they established the size of the territory from two to three thousand meters. And what do we have today?

Water protection zones of water bodies: modern realities

Now the width of the coastal areas is established by the law itself (the Water Code of the Russian Federation, article 65). Water protection zones and coastal protection zones for rivers more than fifty kilometers long are limited to an area of ​​no more than two hundred meters. And the executive authorities at the moment do not have the right to establish their own norms. We clearly see that the water protection zone of the river, even the largest, is no more than two hundred meters. And this is several times less than the previous standards. This is about the rivers. And what about other water areas? Here the situation is even worse.

Water protection zones of water bodies, such as lakes, reservoirs, have decreased in size by ten times. Just think about the numbers! Ten times! For reservoirs, the area of ​​which is more than half a kilometer, the width of the zone is now fifty meters. But initially there were five hundred. If the water area is less than 0.5 km, then the water protection zone is not established by the New Code at all. This, apparently, should be understood as the fact that it simply does not exist? The logic in this situation is completely unclear. Dimensions are in size, but any body of water has its own ecosystem, which should not be invaded, otherwise it threatens to disrupt all bioprocesses. So how can you leave even a small lake without protection? The only exceptions were those water bodies that are important in fisheries. We see that the water protection zone has undergone not the best changes.

Serious prohibitions in the old version of the Land Code

Previously, the law determined a special regime on the territory of the water protection zone. It was an integral part in a single mechanism of a set of measures to improve the hydrobiological, sanitary, hydrochemical, ecological state of lakes, rivers, reservoirs and seas, as well as the improvement of the surrounding territories. This specialized regime consisted in the fact that practically any activity in water protection zones was prohibited.

In such places, it was not allowed to break up summer cottages and vegetable gardens, arrange parking for vehicles, fertilize the soil. And most importantly, construction in the water protection zone was prohibited without the approval of the competent authorities. And also the reconstruction of buildings, communications, mining, land work, and the arrangement of dacha cooperatives were also banned.

What was previously forbidden is now allowed

The new code contains only four out of ten prohibitions that previously took place:

1. Fertilization of the soil with sewage is not allowed.
2. Such a territory cannot become a place for the placement of cattle burial grounds, cemeteries, burial of poisonous, chemical and radioactive substances.
3. Aviation pest control measures are not permitted.
4. The coastal strip of the water protection zone is not a place for traffic, parking or parking of cars and other equipment. An exception can only be specialized areas with a hard surface.

Protective belts are now legally fenced only from plowing land, from arranging pastures for livestock and camps.

In other words, the legislators gave the go-ahead to place dacha cooperatives in the coastal strip, car wash, repair, refueling, provide land for construction, etc. In fact, construction is allowed in the water protection zone and on the coastline. Moreover, the obligation to coordinate all types of activities with competent structures (such as Rosvodoresurs) is even excluded from the law. But the most incomprehensible thing is that since 2007 it has been allowed to privatize land in such places. That is, any protected area can become the property of private individuals. And then they can do anything with her. Although earlier in Art. 28 FZ was a direct ban on the privatization of these lands.

Results of changes in the Water Code

We see that the new legislation is much less demanding on the protection of coastal areas and water resources. Initially, such concepts as a water protection zone, its size and the size of the protection zones were determined by the laws of the USSR. They were based on geographic, hydrological, soil nuances. Possible near-term changes in the coast were also taken into account. The goal was to preserve water resources from pollution and possible depletion, to preserve the ecobalance of coastal zones, since they are a habitat for animals. The river's water protection zone has been established once, and the rules have been in effect for several decades. They did not change until January 2007.

There were no prerequisites for simplifying the regime of water protection zones. Environmentalists note that the only goal pursued by the legislators when introducing such drastic changes is simply to give an opportunity to legitimize the spontaneous mass development of the coastal area, which has been growing over the past ten years. However, everything that was illegally built during the period of the old law cannot be legalized since 2007. This is possible only in relation to those structures that have arisen since the entry into force of the new norms. Everything that was earlier naturally falls under the earlier regulations and documents. This means that it cannot be legalized. This is the kind of collision that arose.

What can liberal politics lead to?

The establishment of such a soft regime for water bodies and their coastal zones, permission to build structures in these places will have a detrimental effect on the state of the surrounding areas. The water protection zone of the reservoir is designed to protect the object from pollution, from negative changes. After all, this can lead to a violation of a very fragile ecological balance.

Which, in turn, will affect the life of all organisms and animals living in this territory. A beautiful lake in the forest can turn into an overgrown swamp, a fast river into a muddy tributary. But you never know such examples can be given. Remember how many summer cottages were distributed, how people with good intentions tried to ennoble the land ... Only bad luck: the construction of a thousand summer cottages on the shore of a huge lake led to the fact that it turned into a terrible stinking semblance of a reservoir, in which you can no longer swim. And the forest in the district has considerably thinned out after the participation of people. And these are not the saddest examples yet.

Magnitude of the problem

The water protection zone of a lake, river or other body of water should be under the close scrutiny of the law. Otherwise, the problem of one polluted lake or storage facility may develop into a global problem for the whole region.

The larger the body of water, the more complex its ecosystem is. Unfortunately, the disturbed natural balance cannot be restored. Living organisms, fish, plants and animals will die. And it will be impossible to change anything. It is probably worth considering this.

Instead of an afterword

In our article, we examined the current problem of water protection facilities and the importance of observing their regime, and also discussed the latest changes in the Water Code. I would like to believe that the relaxation of norms regarding the protection of water bodies and adjacent territories will not lead to catastrophic consequences, and people will be wise and respectful of the environment. After all, a lot here depends on you and me.

COASTAL PROTECTION STRIP - a coastal area of ​​a specified width from the water body's edge, which is part of a water protection zone. [...]

In the coastal protection zones of water protection zones, it is allowed to place recreations, water supply facilities, fish and hunting facilities, as well as water intake, port and hydraulic structures with a license for water use. [...]

Within the coastal protection zones, in addition to the restrictions established for water protection zones, the following are prohibited: plowing of land; the use of fertilizers; storage of dumps of eroded soil; grazing and organizing summer camps for livestock (except for the use of traditional watering places), arrangement of bathing baths; the installation of seasonal stationary tent camps, the placement of summer cottages and garden plots and the allocation of plots for individual construction; traffic of cars and tractors, except for cars of special importance. [...]

In the forests of water protection zones and coastal protection zones, final felling is prohibited. Intermediate felling and other forestry activities are allowed to ensure the protection of water bodies. [...]

Within the water protection zones, coastal protection zones are distinguished, which are directly adjacent to water bodies. Within their limits, in addition to the restrictions in force in water protection zones, plowing of land, the use of fertilizers, storage of dumps of eroded soil, the installation of seasonal tent camps, the placement of summer cottages and garden plots, the allocation of sites for individual construction, the laying of passages and roads, the movement of cars is prohibited , tractors and mechanisms. [...]

Coastal protection zones are established within the water protection zones, on the territories of which additional restrictions on natural resource use are introduced. [...]

Coastal protection zones are established within the water protection zones, where excavation of lands, felling and uprooting of forests, the placement of livestock farms and camps, and other activities are prohibited. The procedure for establishing the size and boundaries of water protection zones, their coastal protection zones, as well as the mode of their use are established by the Government of the Russian Federation. In order to protect water bodies, it is envisaged to establish other zones: sanitary protection, environmental emergency and environmental disasters at water bodies. The latter include those where, as a result of economic activity or natural processes, changes occur that threaten human health, flora and fauna, the state of the natural environment. [...]

Territorial standards include sanitary protection zones of industrial facilities (individual enterprises or groups, industrial centers), water protection zones (including coastal protection zones), zones of sanitary protection of surface and underground water intakes, districts of sanitary protection. [...]

It is precisely as a result of the establishment of water protection zones and coastal protection zones and a special regime of economic and other activities within their boundaries that the protection and restoration of surface water bodies, improvement of their hydrological regime is ensured. [...]

Maintaining the water protection zones, coastal protection belts and water protection signs in proper condition is the responsibility of water users. At the same time, land owners, landowners and land users, on whose lands there are water protection zones and coastal protection zones, are obliged to comply with the established regime for the use of these zones and strips. Thus, water protection zones and coastal protection zones can be viewed rather as restrictions on land rights, established in accordance with Art. 56 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation. [...]

In addition, for the protection of water bodies, coastal protection zones are established, which are part of water protection zones, the territory of which is directly adjacent to water bodies. They should be covered with shrub vegetation or tinned. The minimum strip width is set depending on the topographic conditions and types of land adjacent to the water body. For water bodies of the highest fishery category, coastal protection zones must be at least 100 m. [...]

The procedure for establishing the size and boundaries of water protection zones and their coastal protection zones, as well as the mode of their use, are established by the government of the Russian Federation. [...]

The regulation establishes the minimum width of water protection zones and coastal protection zones for different water bodies: for rivers, oxbows and lakes - from the average long-term water edge in summer; for reservoirs - from the water's edge at a normal retaining level; for the seas - from the maximum tide level; for swamps - from their border (zero depth of the peat deposit). The minimum width of water protection zones is set for river sections with a length from their source: up to 10 km - 50 m, from 10 to 50 km - 100 m, from 50 to 100 km - 200 m, from 100 to 200 km - 300 m, from 200 to 500 km - 400 m, from 500 km and more - 500 m. [...]

A special legal regime has been established for certain types of 3. c. f., which include water protection zones and coastal protection zones. [...]

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 23, 1996 “On the approval of the Regulation on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protection zones” // SZ RF, 1996, No. 49, art. 5567. [...]

Isolation of such 3. h. provides for the law on the use and protection of natural resources, environmental legislation. Environmental protection zones include water protection zones of water bodies with allocated coastal protection strips within their boundaries, protection zones (districts) created to protect natural complexes of specially protected natural areas from anthropogenic influences, protection areas to ensure the life cycles of animals. [...]

The standards and regime of water protection zones are determined by the Water Code of the Russian Federation (Art. 111) and the Regulations on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protection zones, approved by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 23, 1996. The water protection zone is the territory adjacent to the water areas of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other surface water bodies, on which a special regime of economic and other types of activity is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation and depletion of water bodies, as well as preserve the habitat of flora and fauna. The water protection zone is created as an integral part of environmental protection measures, as well as measures to improve the hydrological regime and technical condition, and improve water bodies and their coastal areas. Within the water protection zones, coastal protection zones are established, on the territories of which additional restrictions on natural resource use are introduced. [...]

The task of the executive authorities is to inform interested organizations and citizens of decisions (decisions) on the boundaries of water protection zones and coastal strips of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and their water protection regime. State control over compliance with the procedure for establishing the size and boundaries, as well as the regime of economic and other activities within water protection zones and coastal protection zones is entrusted to the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, basin and other territorial bodies for managing the use and protection of the water fund of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, specifically authorized state bodies in the field of environmental protection, state bodies for managing the use and protection of land and specially authorized bodies for forestry management within their powers. [...]

Sometimes in the legal literature, water protection zones are considered as OOGTR. However, from a formal point of view, this position does not seem entirely correct. Neither the Water Code, nor the Regulation on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protection zones define water protection zones as a whole as specially protected natural areas. At the same time, the RF VK contains a provision according to which water protection zones of water bodies that are sources of drinking water supply or spawning grounds for valuable fish species are declared specially protected areas in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation (part 6 of article 111). As follows from the meaning of Art. 2 of the Law on Protected Areas, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have the right to classify water protection zones as specially protected natural areas, which is already being done in some regions (for example, in the Amur Region) ”10 or in the city of Moscow. The Land Code classifies the plots occupied by water protection zones and coastal protection belts as land for nature conservation purposes (see section 2.1). [...]

Lake Baikal has the status of a World Heritage Site and is included in the UNESCO list. This object is one of the largest on the list and includes the lake water area (with Olkhon Island and other islands) and its natural environment within the boundaries of the first catchment. The coastal protective strip of the lake includes little altered mountain-taiga landscapes of the ridges of Bar-Guzinsky, Primorsky, Khamar-Dabana and others, and the Selenga delta. More remote, but ecologically significant areas of Lake Baikal are identified as various kinds of specially protected natural territories and objects. [...]

When developing the Concept of the System of Protected Natural Areas in Russia, its developers proceeded from a broad understanding of protected natural areas3. Protected natural areas (PAs) - natural areas allocated for the protection of nature, for which a special regime of nature management and protection has been established (specially protected natural areas, forests of various protection categories, specially protected forest areas, water protection zones and coastal protection zones, zones of sanitary protection sources of drinking water supply, protective areas allocated for the protection of wildlife, natural landscapes within the boundaries of historical and cultural museums-reserves, reserved territories, lands of anti-erosion, pasture protection and field protection plantations, other lands performing environmental functions and referred to lands nature conservation purposes, etc.). In this interpretation, specially protected natural areas are part of a more general system of protected natural areas. [...]

In order to maintain water bodies in a state that meets environmental requirements, to ensure the protection and rational use of water resources in the implementation of economic and other activities on the territory of the Russian Federation, the Water Code of the Russian Federation (dated 16.11.95 No. 167-FZ) and the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the approved Regulation on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal strips "dated 23.11.96 No. 1404 provides for the establishment of water protection zones and coastal protection belts. Practical work in this direction is carried out by the basin departments of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, which prepare Lists of the region's water bodies, indicating their sizes. The lists are approved by the order of the governor. [...]

To maintain water bodies in a state that meets environmental requirements, excludes pollution, contamination and depletion of surface waters and preserves the habitat of animals and plants, water protection zones are organized. They are territories adjacent to the water area of ​​rivers, reservoirs and other surface water bodies; they establish a special regime for the use and protection of natural resources, as well as for the implementation of other activities. Within these zones, coastal protection zones are established, where it is not allowed to plow the land, cut wood, place farms, etc. [...]

Particular attention should be paid to the special justification for the purpose of the water intake in Cheboksary, the creation of artificial watercourses and reservoirs as protected objects, settling ponds for wastewater, etc. Due to the fact that the natural waters of Cheboksary are characterized by a high degree of pollution, their rehabilitation is necessary. This is a complex of impacts on natural waters and other components of the ecosystem with the aim of returning the latter to the lost properties and qualities (Orlov, Chernogaeva, 1999). Inside the Cheboksary air zone, a coastal protection zone with the most severe regime should be distinguished, although this measure will cause a negative attitude from the owners of summer cottages and garages located in the valleys of small rivers. This should not scare us, since it is the river valleys that are the ecological framework for the city. The VZ in Cheboksary should be observed not only for open natural channels, but also for canals, watercourses in pipes, collectors, embankments, etc. Therefore, when arranging embankments, drainages and filters should be arranged in their soles to ensure the hydraulic connection of ground and surface waters. In addition, such a connection always arises when trying to backfill streams and ravines, fetch a channel, etc. In this case, under-channel flows and other groundwater are formed, which should also be taken into account when arranging the air intake. The inadmissibility of the discharge of untreated storm and melt water into the hydrographic network of the city, from where they then enter the Cheboksary reservoir. [...]

Molten alloy, with its simplicity, has disadvantages. Significant wood losses associated with the ejection of logs on the banks and especially with their sinking. Deciduous species sink and get wet most quickly: birch, aspen, maple, etc. Molten alloy affects the natural state of rivers and causes great damage to the fish industry. Sunken wood and bark litter the riverbed, and when they decompose, oxygen is absorbed and harmful substances are released that poison the water. Floating logs often injure fish going for spawning, destroy spawning grounds and banks, which contributes to siltation of the channel. To facilitate the management of timber rafting, the coastal protective strip of shrubs is usually cut down, which leads to intensive erosion of the banks, contributes to the siltation of channels and pollution of water by surface runoff. [...]

Administrative liability for water offenses. Perhaps, in the course of the administrative reform, this part of Russian legislation (except for the introduction of general structures of environmental offenses) has undergone the greatest changes. The legislator decided not only to significantly expand the list of the composition of water offenses, but also used to the maximum extent the means of legal technology when formulating the features of the subject and the objective side, trying to concretize them. So, the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses contains in Part 1 of Art. 7.2 compositions of destruction or damage of observation regime wells for underground waters, observation regime lines on water bodies, water management or water protection information signs, signs defining the boundaries of coastal protection zones and water protection zones of a water body; in st. 7.6 - the components of unauthorized occupation of a water body or its part and their use without a permit (license) or without a contract or in violation of the conditions of a permit (license) or contract; in st. 7.7 - composition of damage to a hydraulic, water management, water protection structure, device or installation; in st. 7.8 - Compositions of unauthorized occupation of a land plot of a coastal protection zone, a water protection zone of a water body or a zone (district) of sanitary protection of sources of drinking and domestic water supply; in st. 7.10 - Compositions of unauthorized assignment of the right to use a water body and unauthorized exchange of a water body; in st. 8.12 - components of violation of the procedure for the allotment of land plots, the procedure for granting forests for use in water protection zones and coastal strips of water bodies, violation of the regime of their use; in st. [...]

In 1999-2000. when checking the implementation of water legislation (due to the pollution of the water area with insufficiently treated and polluted wastewater), more than 5.6 thousand violations were revealed, for the commission of which 2360 persons were brought to various types of legal liability as a result of 1912 submissions made by prosecutors, and 42 illegal legal act. Prosecutorial inspections found that in the area of ​​the Ivankovskoye reservoir - the main source of drinking water supply for Moscow, from which 6 million cubic meters of water is supplied per day. m of water for the capital, no more than 20% of treatment facilities actually function, while more than 100 million cubic meters of water come from the territories of enterprises and 27 settlements annually. m of wastewater, half of which is not purified to the standard level. Employees of the prosecutor's office achieved the repair of treatment facilities at 12 enterprises, the commissioning of treatment facilities with a capacity of 2,000 cubic meters. m at the Zavidovskaya poultry farm, the movement of 14 objects from the banks of the reservoir, including 4 livestock complexes, about 40 objects at the request of the prosecutor's office underwent a state environmental examination, more than 200 violations were suppressed, in particular, unauthorized development in a 15-meter coastal protective strip, unauthorized construction of berths and slipways, etc., suspended the unauthorized construction of more than 30 cottages, the village of Zeleny Bor for 300 houses, nine claims were filed with the court for the demolition of unauthorized buildings, of which five have already been satisfied.

Article 60. Water protection zones of water bodies and coastal protection zones. 1. Water protection zones of water bodies are lands that adjoin the coastline of surface water bodies and on which a special regime of economic and other activities is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation and depletion of water bodies, as well as preserve the habitat of flora and fauna ...

Coastal protection zones are established within the water protection zones, on the territories of which additional restrictions on economic and other activities are introduced.
2. Within the water protection zones of water bodies, it is prohibited:
aviation chemical works;
the use of chemicals to combat pests, plant diseases and weeds;
the use of wastewater for soil fertilization;
placement of hazardous production facilities where hazardous substances are produced, used, processed, generated, stored, transported and destroyed, the list of which is determined by federal laws;
placement of warehouses for pesticides, mineral fertilizers and fuels and lubricants, sites for filling equipment with pesticides, livestock complexes and farms, storage and disposal sites for industrial, household and agricultural waste, cemeteries and cattle burial grounds, waste water storage;
storage of waste and garbage;
refueling, washing and repairing cars and other machines and mechanisms;
placement of summer cottages, gardens and vegetable gardens with a width of water protection zones of water bodies less than 100 meters and a steepness of the slopes of the adjacent territories of more than 3 degrees;
placement of parking lots for vehicles, including in the territories of summer cottages, garden and vegetable gardens;
final felling;
carrying out earthmoving and other works without the consent of the federal executive body for the management of water bodies in the event that the water body is in federal ownership, and without the consent of the owner in the event that the water body is isolated.
On the territories of water protection zones of water bodies, it is allowed to carry out intermediate felling and other forestry activities to ensure the protection of water bodies.
In cities and other settlements, if there is a storm sewer and an embankment within the water protection zones of water bodies, it is allowed to place objects for refueling, washing and repairing cars at a distance of no closer than 50 meters, and parking of vehicles - no closer than 20 meters from the water's edge.
3. Within the coastal protection zones, in addition to the restrictions specified in part 2 of this article, it is prohibited:
plowing of land;
the use of fertilizers;
storage of dumps of eroded soil;
grazing and organizing summer camps for livestock (except for the use of traditional watering places), arrangement of baths;
the installation of seasonal stationary tent camps, the placement of summer cottages, garden and vegetable gardens and the allocation of plots for individual construction;
movement of cars and tractors, except for special purpose vehicles.
The regime of economic and other activities established for coastal protection zones applies to the coast of a water body.
4. The width of water protection zones and coastal protection zones outside the territories of cities and other settlements is established:
for rivers, oxbows and lakes (except for non-flowing intra-boggy ones) - from the average long-term highest level during the ice-free period;
for reservoirs - from the average long-term highest level during the ice-free period, but not lower than the forced backwater level of the reservoir;
for the seas - from the maximum tide level.
No water protection zones are established for swamps. The width of the coastal protection zones for bogs in the sources of rivers and streams, as well as floodplain bogs, is established from the boundary of the bog (zero depth of peat deposit) in the adjacent territory.
The width of water protection zones outside the territories of settlements is established for sections of watercourses with a length from their source:
up to 10 kilometers - 50 meters;
from 10 to 50 kilometers - 100 meters;
from 50 to 100 kilometers - 200 meters;
from 100 to 200 kilometers - 300 meters;
from 200 to 500 kilometers - 400 meters;
from 500 kilometers or more - 500 meters.
For streams less than 300 meters long from source to mouth, the water protection zone coincides with the coastal protection zone.
The radius of the water protection zone for the sources of rivers and streams is 50 meters.
The width of water protection zones for lakes and reservoirs is taken with an area of ​​up to 2 sq. kilometers - 300 meters, from 2 sq. kilometers and more - 500 meters.
The width of the water protection zones of the seas is 500 meters.
5. The boundaries of the water protection zones of the main and inter-farm canals are aligned with the boundaries of the land allotment bands for these canals.
For river sections enclosed in closed collectors, water protection zones are not established.
6. The width of coastal protection zones for rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other water bodies is established depending on the steepness of the coastal slopes and is, with the steepness of the slopes of the adjacent territories:
with a reverse or zero slope - 30 meters;
with a slope of up to 3 degrees - 50 meters;
with a slope of more than 3 degrees - 100 meters.
For bog lakes and watercourses, the width of the coastal protection strip is set at 50 meters.
The width of coastal protection zones for areas of water bodies of especially valuable fishery value (spawning grounds, wintering pits, feeding grounds) is set at 200 meters regardless of the slope of the adjacent lands.
In urban settlements, in the presence of storm sewers and an embankment, the border of the coastal protective strips is combined with the embankment parapet.
7. Securing the boundaries of water protection zones and coastal protection strips of water bodies (except for isolated water bodies) on the ground with water protection signs of the established pattern is provided by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation, and the boundaries of isolated water bodies - by the owners.
The federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation shall inform the population about the establishment of the boundaries of water protection zones, coastal protection zones and the regime of economic and other activities within them in the manner prescribed by part 9 of Article 41 of this Code.
For the purposes of observing the legal regime of water protection zones and coastal protection zones, before fixing their boundaries on the ground with water protection signs, the boundaries of water protection zones and coastal protection zones of water bodies are considered established for land owners, landowners, land users and tenants of land plots.
8. Information on the boundaries of water protection zones and coastal protection zones shall be entered into the state land cadastre.
9. Coastal protection belts should be predominantly occupied by trees and shrubs or tinned.
10. Maintenance of water protection zones and coastal protection zones, as well as water protection signs, is assigned to the federal executive body for the management of water bodies, water bodies in special use - on water users, and isolated water bodies - on owners.
11. The regime for the use of the territories of water protection zones and coastal protection zones in border areas is established by the Government of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.