Management of Siberia in the 19th century presentation. Presentation for the lesson "Economic development of Siberia" presentation for the lesson in geography on the topic
11/14/18
Development of Siberia and the Far East in the 17th century.
Itelmens
WHO WENT TO SIBERIA AND WHY
service people
collected taxes from the local population
hunters
for fur-bearing animals and walrus ivory
merchants
they carried flour, salt, fabrics, copper cauldrons, knives, axes (profit per 1 ruble was 30 rubles)
Cossacks
were looking for freedom and prey
peasants
were looking for free land
Remember who started the conquest of Siberia at the end of the 16th century?
Ataman Ermak with the Cossacks in 1582. captured the capital of the Siberian Khanate, Kashlyk, and renamed it Tobolsk.
DEVELOPMENT OF SIBERIA
Surgut
Tyumen
Mangazeya
Tobolsk
Tomsk
The governors and archers sent after Ermak to Siberia founded the cities: Tyumen (1586), Surgut (1596), Mangazeya (1601), Tomsk (1604)
DEVELOPMENT OF SIBERIA
Okhotsk
Yakutsk
Surgut
Tyumen
Mangazeya
Tobolsk
Krasnoyarsk
Tomsk
Nerchinsk
Irkutsk
The Cossacks, setting off in search of a “new land”, founded Krasnoyarsk (1628), Yakutsk (1632), Okhotsk (1639), Nerchinsk (1653), Irkutsk (1661)
Explorers are travelers exploring new lands.
TOMSK JUSTROG 1604
In the most difficult conditions, explorers explored unknown lands, built fortified points - forts, which later turned into cities.
Cossack ataman Semyon Dezhnev served in Tobolsk and Yakutsk, collecting yasak from local peoples. It happened to him that he fought with the rebellious and was wounded.
1648
90 people per
Kochakh ships left the mouth of the Kolyma.
In September 1648, three Kochas reached the northeastern tip of Asia and rounded the cape, which Dezhnev called “Big Stone Nose”.
“The shores of the old earth are nowhere connected with the New Earth,” Dezhnev wrote in his report.
Koch, on which Dezhnev and 24 comrades were located, was thrown onto a deserted shore by a storm. Along the seashore, the Cossacks reached the Anadyr River, where they built the Anadyr fort and spent a difficult winter, many died. Dezhnev compiled a description of the nature and population of the Chukotka Peninsula and discovered a rich walrus rookery.
“And we kept walking up the mountain, we didn’t know the way for ourselves, cold and hungry, naked and barefoot. And I walked with my comrades in Anadyr - the river for exactly ten weeks.”
Cape Dezhnev - extreme eastern point
Russia (Eurasia) on the Chukotka Peninsula.
Russia
In 1665, by royal decree, it was decided “for her, Senkina, service and for the mine of a fish tooth, for a bone and for wounds, become atamans” . Unfortunately, by the end of the 17th century. Dezhnev's discovery was forgotten; the cape was named after him only in 1898.
Kolyma
Cape Dezhnev
S. Dezhnev
1649-53
Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov was a peasant not far from Vologda. Leaving his family, he went to Siberia, where he was engaged in trade, bought furs, built a mill and a salt pan. Having borrowed money and weapons from the governor, Khabarov, at the head of a detachment of 70 Cossacks, went to the banks of the Amur River, in search of rich Daur settlements, which other Russian travelers had told about.
In 1649-1653 he visited the Amur twice:
With battle he took the fortified “towns” of the Daurs and Nanais, imposed tribute on them, and suppressed attempts at resistance. He captured many prisoners and livestock and forced the local population to accept Russian citizenship.
Khabarov compiled the “Drawing of the Amur River” - the first schematic map of the Amur region and laid the foundation for the settlement of this territory by Russian people.
Monument to E. Khabarov in Khabarovsk
For his labors, the tsar granted Khabarov one of the “children of the boyars” and appointed him manager of several villages in Siberia . The city of Khabarovsk, the village of Erofey Pavlovich, streets in several cities are named after him...
Kolyma
Cape Dezhnev
S. Dezhnev
Yakutsk
E. Khabarov
Khabarovsk
by 1676
by 1645
by 1696
by 1676
by 1613
by 1696
by 1676
by 1696
by 1696
by 1676
By the end of the 17th century, about 200 thousand immigrants already lived beyond the Urals, and 140 cities were built.
Siberia is my homeland!
Compiled by: Ostapenko Alena Yurievna
History teacher, MBOU Secondary School No. 82
It has long been known that there is nothing worse than oblivion. The loss of roots threatens the loss of a sense of reality, which means – prospects. Without history, the development of any culture is unthinkable, because the magical fundamental civilizational triangle is torn: past – present – future. Siberia has great prospects because it remembers its history.
1. First mentions of Siberia
2.Struggle for the territories of Siberia
3. XVII century – active development of Siberia
5. 19th century – “gold rush”
6. XX century – Siberia - rear of Russia
7. Siberia today
First mention
The first mentions of Siberia in Russia were in the 12th century. The chronicles mention the campaigns of Novgorod merchants to the east to collect furs.
The struggle for the territory of Siberia
Early records speak of the Novgorodians’ campaigns to the “Iron Gates” in 1032, which, according to the scientist Solovyov, were the Ural Mountains. But these campaigns ended with the defeat of the Novgorodians by the Yugras, and from the middle of the 13th century, Yugra was a colony of the Novgorod volost. Veliky Novgorod took tribute from Ugra.
- In 1582, On October 26, the Khanate of Siberia was attacked. This attack was carried out by Ataman Ermak, who captured Kashlyk and began to annex the Siberian Khanate to Russia.
17th century – active development of Siberia
Having conquered the lands of the Siberian Khanate, the Russians began building fortresses. New fortresses appeared, such as Tyumen, Tobolsk, Berezov, etc. In the 16th and 17th centuries, these fortresses became cities.
1648 - Semyon Dezhnev, passing from the mouth of the Kolyma river at the mouth of the Anadyr River, opens a strait separating Asia and America.
From 1615 to 1763, the Ministry for Siberian Affairs, or as it was then called the Siberian Order, operated in Moscow. His task was to monitor the management of the new lands of Siberia.
In 1747, a number of fortifications appeared to protect against attacks by nomadic tribes; these fortifications were called the Irtysh Line
Scientific research in Siberia began to develop under Peter I. It was he who organized the Great Northern Expedition.
- In 1822, Asian Russia was divided into West Siberian and East Siberian. The center of the West Siberian land was Tobolsk, and the East Siberian land was Irkutsk. During the division, such regions as Tobolsk, Tomsk and Omsk passed to Western Siberia, and Irkutsk, Yenisei provinces, as well as the Yakutsk region to Eastern Siberia.
In the 19th century, the gold industry developed in Siberia, which exceeded all other industries combined.
The main event in Siberia was the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway, which connected Siberia and the Far East with European Russia. Its construction began in 1890 - 1900.
In the 20th century, Siberia acts as a rear during the Russo-Japanese War. Siberia continues to develop. With the outbreak of the Civil War, Soviet power is overthrown in Siberia, and it becomes the center of the White Army, led by its leader Kolchak. Kolchak sets up his residence in Omsk.
In the 30s of the 20th century, the coal industry developed in the Kuznetsk coal basin.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the population of large cities increased. This is due to the evacuation of industrial equipment to Siberia from the European part of the then republic. And if it weren’t for Siberia, it would have been much more difficult for the Soviet Union to win the war.
Siberia today
Today Siberia occupies an area of 9,734 thousand km2. And this is approximately 57% of the entire area of Russia. Its population is 23,893 thousand. Human. The largest cities in Siberia are Novosibirsk, Omsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Tyumen, Barnaul, Novokuznetsk.
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With an area of 13.1 million square kilometers, Siberia makes up about 77% of the territory of Russia, its area is larger than the territory of the second largest country in the world - Canada. With an area of 13.1 million square kilometers, Siberia makes up about 77% of the territory of Russia, its area is larger than the territory of the second largest country in the world - Canada.
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As the Russian centralized state took shape and strengthened, its territory expanded, mainly through the development of new peripheral lands, such as Siberia. As the Russian centralized state took shape and strengthened, its territory expanded, mainly through the development of new peripheral lands, such as Siberia.
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The Russians advanced across Siberia along two routes. Along one of them, lying along the northern seas, fearless sailors and explorers moved to the northeastern tip of the continent. In 1648, one of the expeditions made a major geographical discovery: Cossack Semyon Dezhnev, using small ships, discovered the strait separating Asia from North America. The Russians advanced across Siberia along two routes. Along one of them, lying along the northern seas, fearless sailors and explorers moved to the northeastern tip of the continent. In 1648, one of the expeditions made a major geographical discovery: Cossack Semyon Dezhnev, using small ships, discovered the strait separating Asia from North America.
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Another route to the east ran along the southern borders of Siberia. Here the explorers also reached the shores of the Pacific Ocean in a short time. The writer Vasily Danilovich Poyarkov proved himself to be an outstanding discoverer of new lands. In 1645, he went down the Amur to the Sea of Okhotsk and made a brave voyage on river boats along its coast. Another route to the east ran along the southern borders of Siberia. Here the explorers also reached the shores of the Pacific Ocean in a short time. The writer Vasily Danilovich Poyarkov proved himself to be an outstanding discoverer of new lands. In 1645, he went down the Amur to the Sea of Okhotsk and made a brave voyage on river boats along its coast.
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In the 18th century, when the colonization of Siberia became forced. From that time on, Siberia began to gradually turn into a place of all-Russian exile and hard labor. The government began to resettle the most “restless,” “less useful,” or “harmful” elements of society here. Moreover, the authorities tried to use the settlers in supposedly state interests, attracting them to distant borders, the development of agriculture and industry. At the same time, free migration to Siberia continued in the 18th century, when the colonization of Siberia became forced. From that time on, Siberia began to gradually turn into a place of all-Russian exile and hard labor. The government began to resettle the most “restless,” “less useful,” or “harmful” elements of society here. Moreover, the authorities tried to use the settlers in supposedly state interests, attracting them to distant borders, the development of agriculture and industry. At the same time, free migration to Siberia continued
