What are the minor members of a sentence? Definition, addition, circumstance. Main and minor clauses: how to find them without unnecessary difficulties

When studying Russian in school curriculum include topics related to the consideration of different parts of speech from which a sentence is built. When writing, each of them is highlighted with a special underline. In the process of analyzing a sentence, the teacher clarifies the location of its components and explains how they are emphasized.

According to the rules of the Russian language, a regular sentence consists of 2 types of members:

• the main ones are the subject and the predicate;
• secondary - definition, circumstance, addition.

Main members of the proposal

The subject in a text is usually expressed by a noun, and the predicate by a verb. Both of these members highlighted by straight lines. To clearly show how the subject is emphasized and how the predicate is emphasized, here is an example:

Piratehunted for treasures.

In that simple sentence the main subject is the word “pirate”, which we emphasize with one horizontal line.

The action that the subject performs is the word “hunted” and is highlighted by two parallel horizontal lines.

• communion;
• adverb;
• pronoun;
• nominal noun.

In such cases, you need to remember that the main members express the subject of the action and the action itself.

Types of offers

1. There are 2 types of sentences in Russian:

• simple - two-part and one-part;
• complex - with several main members.

In a one-part version, either a subject or a predicate may be present.

Secondary members of the sentence

Among the non-main parts of the sentence in the text are:

• Definition - highlighted by a wavy line. Clarified by the questions: whose? whose? which? which?.

The text expresses:

• adjective;
• infinitive;
• adverb;
• a noun in the non-nominative case.

For clarity, we give examples showing how the definition expressed in different parts speech.

Adjective:

Brightmorning.

where the word “bright” is a sign of the subject “morning”.

Infinitive:

Every ruler had the character trait to subjugate.

where the word “subordinate” is a sign of the subject “trait”.

Adverb:

The daughter sat quietly in the room.

where the word “quietly” describes the predicate “sat.”

Noun:

The house with a mezzanine was Chekhov's final resting place.

where the word “with a mezzanine” is the definition of the subject “house”.

The text expresses:

• indirect noun;
• adverb;
• participial phrase.

As examples, we will give phrases where we will show how the circumstance represented by the above parts of speech is emphasized.

Indirect noun:

He was an important person in the north.

where the words “in the north” denote a circumstance.

You need to know: what it is, examples of it in the literature.

Adverb:

The car went to the left so as not to roll over.

where the word "to the left" is an adverbial adverb.

Participial phrase:

Waiting for the holiday, she invited all her relatives.

where the phrase “expecting a holiday” is a circumstance.

• Addition - highlighted on the letter with a dash-dotted line. Determined by questions of indirect cases: T., P. D. In., R.

Divided into 2 types:

• direct - the subject acts directly, for example, making a dream come true; ate porridge; wrap a gift.
• indirect - the subject acts through someone or something, for example, ordered tea to be served; soul conqueror; parallel to the house.

The text expresses:

• noun;
• pronoun.

As examples, we give sentences showing how the addition expressed by the previously indicated parts of speech is emphasized.

Noun:

Everyone decorates the house with garlands for Christmas.

where the word "garlands" denotes an addition.

Pronoun:

The princess knew him like no one else.

where the word “his” is an addition.

Important! Due to the fact that some parts of speech can denote different parts of a sentence, it is necessary to ask marker questions.

For example, in order to understand how a pronoun or numeral is emphasized, it is necessary to clarify which part of the sentence it is.

To summarize, we note that the above examples not only clearly demonstrate how the adjective and other members of the sentence are emphasized, but also provide material for compiling a table, which in the future may become a “crutch” for memory.

In this lesson you will learn what minor members of a sentence are, learn to find them, and learn the function of minor members in a sentence. You will also find out which sentences are called common and which are called uncommon, learn to distinguish between them.

Word girl- this is the subject, it is emphasized by one line. Girl (what is she doing?) is reading- this is a predicate, it is emphasized by two features. Girl reading- the main members of the sentence, they express the main meaning of the sentence.

There are other words in the second sentence:

Girl(which?) small

Is reading(What?) book

These words helped us find out that the girl is not big, but small, and that she is reading a book, not a magazine. These words are minor members of the sentence.

Secondary members of the sentence are called, which serve to clarify, clarify, supplement the main or other minor members of the sentence.

So, you learned that, in addition to the main members, there are secondary members in the sentence. Minor members have a second degree of importance. Do you think there are sentences consisting only of minor members? Let's look at an example:

There is a white tablecloth on the table(Fig. 2) .

Rice. 2. Table with tablecloth ()

This sentence talks about a tablecloth. Tablecloth - subject. Tablecloth(what is he doing?) lies - predicate. lies(Where?) on the table - this is a minor member of the sentence that explains the predicate. Tablecloth(which?) white - this is a minor member of the sentence that explains the subject.

If you remove all the minor terms, you get the following sentence:

The tablecloth lies.

The meaning of this proposal remains clear.

If you remove all the main parts of the sentence, this is what you get:

White on the table.

There is no sentence and the meaning is not clear.

This task helped to understand that the main members did not get their name by chance - they contain the basis of the entire sentence. And the secondary members are only explain, clarify And complement main ones.

Sometimes minor members of a sentence explain other minor members. Consider an example:

Leaves are falling in the autumn park(Fig. 3) .

Rice. 3. Autumn Park ()

The sentence talks about leaves. Leaves - this is the subject, we emphasize it with one line. Leaves(what are they doing?) fall - this is a predicate, we emphasize it with two features. Are falling(Where?) in the park - a minor member of the sentence that clarifies the predicate. In the park (which one?) autumn - a minor member of a sentence that clarifies the minor dick in the park.

Minor members can explain not only the main, but also the minor members.

Based on the presence of minor members, sentences are divided into undistributed And common. Unextended sentences consist only of main members, for example:

Squirrel jumps.

If a sentence, in addition to the main members, also contains secondary ones, such a sentence is called widespread, for example:

Red squirrel jumping from branch to branch(Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Squirrel on a tree ()

Read the sentences. Find the principal terms. Determine which sentences are common and which are not common.

The sun shines brightly(Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Bright sun ()

Light clouds float across the sky(Fig. 6).

Birds are singing(Fig. 7).

Rice. 7. Singing bird ()

Blue snowdrop peeked out(Fig. 8).

Rice. 8. Blue snowdrop ()

Streams began to run(Fig. 9).

Rice. 9. Streams are running ()

The fragrant buds smelled like resin(Fig. 10).

Rice. 10. Blooming buds ()

Spring has come(Fig. 11).

Let's check:

The sun shines brightly

Light clouds float across the sky- a common proposal.

Singbirds

Looked outblue snowdrop- a common proposal.

Let's runstreams- an uncommon proposal.

The fragrant buds smelled like resin- a common proposal.

Has arrivedspring- an uncommon proposal.

Read the sentences. Using reference words, complete the sentences to make them common.

Icicles hung.

Streams ran.

Kids are allowed in.

Words for reference: boats, loud, from the roofs, long, along ravines, paper.

Let's check what happened:

Long icicles hung from the roofs.

Sounding streams ran through the ravines.

Kids launch paper boats.

Determine which members of the sentence are the highlighted words:

Marina was walking in the park. Suddenly a black light appeared in the sky cloud. Has begun strong rain. The girl is back home.

Walked(what did you do?) - predicate.

Cloud(what?) - subject.

Strong(which?) is a minor member of the sentence.

Home(where?) is a minor member of the sentence.

In this lesson, you learned that minor members of a sentence are identified in a sentence. Based on the presence of minor members, sentences are classified as common and non-common.

Bibliography

1. Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Education, 2012
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Balass, 2012
3. Ramzaeva T.G. Russian language. 2. - M.: Bustard, 2013

1. Infourok.ru ().
2. Nsportal.ru ().
3. Nsportal.ru ().

Homework

• Define the secondary members of the sentence.
• Select a sentence that is not circulated by minor members:

The sun gently warms the earth.

The leaves fall silently.

Vova loves to paint.

Masha came from a walk.

It's raining.

• Come up with two sentences for each word, one of them should be common, and the second should be uncommon. Words: girl, apple, snow.

Secondary members of the sentence are members of the sentence that are not included in the grammatical basis. They are the main members of the sentence. That is, they explain and clarify them.

For example:

This sentence is common because, in addition to the main members, it also has secondary members of the sentence.

The secondary members of a sentence are definition, complement and circumstance.

– a minor member of the sentence that determines the attribute of the subject. The definition answers the questions:

• Which?

The definition can be expressed in different parts of speech: ,
or . It is emphasized by a wavy line.

– a minor member of a sentence, denoting an object. The addition answers questions about indirect cases (all except the nominative), namely:

• whom? what?
• to whom? what?
• whom? What?
• by whom? how?
• about whom? about what?

The addition can be expressed noun or pronoun. It is underlined with a dotted line.

Note:

The noun, in the nominative case, is the subject of sentences, and in the accusative case it is a secondary member of the sentence, namely the complement.

The kittens turned the bowl over.

In this case the noun Bowl– in the accusative case and is not a subject, but an object.

– a minor member of a sentence, denoting cause, place, purpose, time. Answers the questions:

According to the mode of action:

• how?

Local:

• Where?
• where?

By time:

• When?
• how long?
• since when?
• How long?

Because of:

• Why?
• from what?

By purpose:

• For what?
• For what?

The circumstance can be expressed adverb , noun or pronoun. The stroke is underlined with a dotted line (dot - dash).

Parsing a simple sentence

1. We determine the grammatical basis of the sentence - the main members: subject and predicate. We indicate which parts of speech they are expressed by.
2. We determine the subject group - members of the sentence that depend on the subject. What questions do they answer, what parts of speech are they expressed.
3. We define the group of the predicate - members of the sentence that depend on the predicate. What questions do they answer, what parts of speech are they expressed.
4. If in the group of a subject or predicate there are minor members that depend on other minor members, we indicate them, as well as by what parts of speech they are expressed.

In the evening there was fluffy snow.

Snow– subject, answers the question “what? » expressed noun in the nominative case.

Snow(what did you do? ) - walked– predicate, expressed by a verb.

We determine the subject group:

Snow(Which? ) - fluffy– definition, expressed by an adjective.

We define the group of the predicate:

It snowed (when?) - in the evening - circumstance, expressed by an adverb.

What question do the secondary members of the sentence answer and how are they emphasized?

• Secondary members of the sentence: 1.Definition. Answers the questions which? which? whose?. The sentence is emphasized with a wavy line. 2.Addition. Answers questions about the indirect cases of nouns: whom, what? to whom; to what? who, what? by whom, by what? About who about what? It is underlined with a dotted line. _ _ _ _3. Circumstance. Answers questions like? how? Where? Where? where? When? Why? from what? For what? for what purpose?... The dot dash_._._._ is emphasized.
• definition (which?, which? ..-wavy line, addition - (by whom, what, to whom?, -dotted line, circumstance (where, when?, -dot, dash.
• Supplement - a minor member of a sentence that denotes the subject and relates to the predicate or other members of the sentence. Additions answer questions of indirect cases and are expressed by indirect cases of nouns and pronouns, for example: The old man was catching (what?) fish with a seine. (A. Pushkin.) Additions can also be expressed by words of other parts of speech in the meaning of a noun in the indirect case, for example: Old Taras thought (about what?) about a long time ago. (N. Gogol.) Tomorrow will not be like (what?) today. Nine is divisible by (what?) three. The indefinite form of the verb can also act as an object, for example: Everyone asked her (about what?) to sing. (M. Lermontov.)
  Definition - a minor member of a sentence that denotes a feature of an object and explains the subject, object and other members of the sentence expressed by nouns. Definitions answer the questions: what? whose? Relating to nouns, definitions as dependent words are associated with them either by the method of agreement - agreed definitions, or by other means (control, adjacency) - inconsistent definitions, for example: (how am I?) The attic staircase was very steep ( agreed definition). - The staircase (how am I?) to the attic was very steep (inconsistent definition). Application is the definition, expressed by a noun and consistent with the word being defined in the case, for example: A golden cloud spent the night on the chest of a giant rock. (M. Lermontov.)
  A circumstance is a minor member of a sentence that explains a word with the meaning of an action or attribute. The circumstances explain the predicate or other members of the sentence. According to their meanings, circumstances are divided into the following main groups: mode of action (how? in what way?): The cuckoo was ringing/cuckooing in the distance. (N. Nekrasov.) ; degree (how? to what extent and?): She changed to the point of familiarity; places (where? where? where from?): Corncrakes were screaming all around. (F. Tyutchev) ; time (when? how long? since when? proof?): Yesterday I arrived in Pyatigorsk. (M. Lermontov.) ; conditions (under what conditions and?): With effort you can achieve great success; reasons (why? why?): In the heat of the moment, he did not feel pain; goals (why? for what?): Alexey Meresyev was sent to Moscow for treatment. (B. Polevoy.) The circumstance of the goal can be expressed in the indefinite form of the verb, for example: I came (why?) to visit you.
• Definition, underlined by a wavy line. Answers the question: Which one?
  The addition is underlined with a dotted line _ _ _ _ _. Answers the question: What? Whose? etc
  The circumstance is emphasized by _._._._. Answers the question: Where? When? Etc
• Definition (which, which, which, underscore with a wavy line)
  Complementing answers to questions with cases (by whom, with what, etc. underline ———)
  Circumstance place (where, where...) dot dash
• An addition is a minor member of a sentence, which denotes the object with which the action is connected and answers questions about indirect cases (except for the nominative case). The complement depends on the predicate and other members of the sentence. It is most often expressed by a noun, pronoun, as well as words of other parts of speech in the meaning of a noun in indirect cases. A complement can be expressed as a syntactically indivisible phrase.
  For example: The girl admired (what?) the pansies.
  Additions can be direct or indirect.
  Direct objects refer to transitive verbs and indicate the object to which the action is directed. They are expressed in the accusative case without a preposition. All other additions are indirect.
  For example: An old man was catching fish with a seine.

  A definition is a minor member of a sentence that denotes a feature of the subject and explains the subject, complement and other members of the sentence. Mainly depends on the subject. Definitions answer the questions: which one? whose? Most often they are expressed by adjectives, participles, and nouns with and without a preposition.
  For example: We entered (what?) pine forest.

  A circumstance is a minor member of a sentence, which denotes the circumstances under which the action occurs (time, place, condition, etc.).
  The circumstances explain the predicate or other members of the sentence. Expressed as a noun with a preposition or adverb, answer the questions when? how long? since when? How long? under what condition?
  For example: One day we went on a hike.
  There was a breath of coolness from the lake.

Attention, TODAY only!

Every sentence has a grammatical basis consisting of a subject and a predicate. If the sentence is not widespread, then it consists only of them, and if it is widespread, then minor members of the sentence are added to the grammatical basis. This topic, which is studied in grade 5, is very important for the formation of literate oral and writing and understanding the structure of language.

What are minor members of a sentence

Secondary members of a sentence are all significant words in a sentence, except for the grammatical basis. Each of them is asked a question - sometimes directly from the subject or predicate, sometimes from other members of the sentence. A table of minor members of a sentence will help you understand the essence of the issue.

Minor member name	Minor Member Function	Questions that are asked to him	How does it express itself?
Addition	Indicates an item	All questions of indirect cases	Mostly nouns, sometimes pronouns, always in the indirect case
Definition	Indicates the attribute of this item	Which? Whose? – in different cases and persons	Adjectives
Circumstance	Indicates a time, place or manner of action	Where? How? Where? Where? For what? Why?	Adverbs, as well as nouns in the indirect case

Confusion often arises with nouns or pronouns in the indirect case - they are automatically classified as objects, but they can also be adverbs. Therefore, it is very important to correctly ask the question to such a member of the sentence.

Minor members of the sentence during parsing

Doing parsing sentences, it is important not only to highlight its grammatical basis, but also to correctly identify all other members, if any. To do this, you need to ask a question about the selected significant word; they usually start with the subject and predicate, then move on to the secondary members of the sentence. Thus, the sentence is conditionally divided into separate parts - phrases.

For example, a definition can extend not only the subject, but also the object, compare: Beautiful face framed voluminous hair. In this sentence, the definition lush spreads the subject hair, and the definition beautiful spreads the subject face.

They are emphasized as follows: addition - with a dotted line, definition - with a wavy line, circumstance - with alternating dotted lines and dots.

Even if the meaning of the preposition is included in a secondary member of the sentence, during analysis it is not emphasized, like other auxiliary parts of speech that do not have their own meaning.

What have we learned?

In addition to the main members in the sentence, there are also those that distribute them, that is, secondary ones. There are three of them in the Russian language: definition, circumstance and addition. They answer different questions that are asked both from the subject or predicate, and from others meaningful words in a sentence. When parsing they are underlined different types lines for clarity.