A story about mushrooms for children 5-6 years old. Medicinal use

Irina Shchepetinnikova
Mushroom Tales

Teaching children to compose according to a given beginning is one of the creative tasks in the learning process storytelling. This brings the child as close as possible to the level of monologue speech when provided great opportunities for the child to independently express his thoughts, consciously reflect various connections and relationships between objects and phenomena, develop verbal-logical thinking and form ideas about the environment.

Making up fairy tales- one of the most favorite game tasks for children to develop speech. Essay training fairy tales takes place within lexical topic. Fairy tales, invented by children, are drawn up by the teacher on album sheets, where children illustrate pictures from the plots. Then books are produced on the topics. Children always look at them with pleasure and ask to read them fairy tales, emotionally exchange impressions.

Subject « Mushrooms» interesting and exciting for children, working on an essay fairy tales at a given beginning allows you to remember which mushrooms are edible, which ones don’t exist, where they grow mushrooms, what time. There is an assimilation of lexical material, the formation of the skill of composing descriptive story. For example, story-description: “Fly agaric. The cap is bright red with white spots. The leg is light, with a cape, thickened at the bottom...” stories descriptions of other mushrooms. Descriptive stories will prepare children to complete creative essay assignments tales about mushrooms, together with an adult and independently.

Samples of the beginning « Mushroom Tales» :

Once upon a time there lived a friendly family of cheerful mushrooms. One day it happened misfortune: the little brother got sick, so much so that he turned green all over...

Born at mushroom Tsar Boletozovik's daughter, and he arranged a feast on this occasion. Invited nobles guests: Boletus with Borovikha, Milk mushroom with Volnushka and others mushroom inhabitants...

Chanterelles grew up in a clearing, bright and orange, and the evil witch Toadstool White lived nearby...

The teacher uses riddles, proverbs and sayings on the topic to enhance speech activity and motivation « Mushrooms» , For example:

This fungus - birch tree son.

Whoever finds it, everyone puts it in a basket. (Boletus)

Mushroom red - dangerous for health. (Amanita)

Yellow-red foxes - they call us sisters (Chanterelles).

Near stumps and on the lawn

We always walk in a flock.

Very friendly guys

They call you... (honey mushrooms)

Very pale in appearance, she hides the most dangerous poison. (Death cap)

Proverbs and sayings:

If it rains, there will be fungi, but they will fungi - there will be bodies.

Living near a forest means you won't go hungry.

Where mushroom has grown, that's where they take him.

Any pick up a mushroom, but not everyone is put in a box.

The rains have dragged on - don't expect milk mushrooms.

And in winter I would eat it fungus Yes, the snow is deep.

Late fungus - late snow.

Towards compilation fairy tales Parents are also involved along with the children. Joint drafting helps to establish contact with parents, diversify joint activities, and make cooperation stronger. The work ends with the production of a book « Mushroom Tales» . The book includes creative works each child, which contributes to the development of imagination, abilities for artistic activity, education of aesthetic taste and love of books.

Publications on the topic:

All children love fairy tales. Fairy tales allow fantasy and imagination to develop. Fairy tales develop correct, emotional speech. Fairy tale.

Fairy tales for the project “Tales of the Glass City” The main fairy tale, or how it all began. A long time ago, namely two centuries ago, breeder Sergei Maltsov came to hunt in Meshchersky.

Children's fairy tales are a completely special genre of folk tales and are not only a means of entertainment, but one of essential means development of thinking.

Purpose of the lesson: To activate speech activity children through the production of a well-known Russian folk tale"Teremok". Software.

Summary of the integrated lesson “Comparison of Charles Perrault’s fairy tale “Cinderella” and the fairy tale “Cinderella” Master class (integrated lesson) “Comparison of the fairy tale by Charles Perrault “Cinderella” and the fairy tale “Cinderella”. Goal: development of children's speech during.

Brain-ring “Fairy tales, fairy tales, fairy tales...” Brain ring. (working with parents). Topic: “Fairy tales, fairy tales, fairy tales...” Two teams of parents participate in the game. The jury is selected. Presenter: Topic.

Lesson on speech development in the middle group. Writing and telling a new fairy tale based on the fairy tale “The Fox with a Rolling Pin” Explanatory note. Reading is a window through which children see and learn about the world and themselves. V. A. Sukhomlinsky Small child, listening.

Dear Guys! Today we will talk about mushrooms.

Have you picked mushrooms?

Tell us where and what kind of mushrooms you found.

Try to remember what mushrooms you know.

Right! Porcini mushroom, boletus, boletus, honey fungus, butterdish, russula, saffron milk cap...

Mushrooms grow in forests and fields, meadows and swamps. They appear on the ground among fallen leaves, cling to mossy stumps and tree trunks, and mushrooms are found even underground.

What is a mushroom?

A mushroom is a plant, but it is a special plant. It has no branches, no leaves, no flowers.

Fungi reproduce by spores. Spores are tiny particles that hide in the caps of mushrooms. When the mushrooms ripen, the spores spill out onto the ground, are picked up by the wind and carried throughout the forest or meadow. New young mushrooms grow from the spores.

Mushrooms have a mycelium. It looks like a felt nest and consists of a huge number of densely intertwined threads. These thin, gossamer-like threads are called hyphae. Mushroom threads go deep into the ground. In appearance, they resemble tree roots and permeate the underground space around the mushroom. Through the threads-hyphae, the fungus receives from the soil water and useful substances dissolved in it, which it needs for growth. The mycelium and the threads radiating in all directions underground can be compared to the trunk and roots of a tree. The mycelium is the trunk, and the threads are the roots.

The fruit of this extraordinary tree is a mushroom, which we happily put in a basket or basket. The mushroom has a cap and a stalk.

Imagine that early in the morning you went to the forest to pick mushrooms. Silence still reigns in the forest; a silvery-white fog spreads between the tree trunks. But then the first rays of dawn flare up, they flare up more and more brightly, illuminating the clouds with a pink glow. The fog dissipates, the outlines of the trees become clearly visible, and an oriole flies out of the green grassy tower and loudly sings its morning song.

Song of the Oriole

“Fiu-liu, fiu-liu,”

The oriole whistles loudly. —

Beautiful summer morning

The dew sparkles with fire.

The ravines smell of sweetness,

You can hear the singing of springs,

Under the pine and under the spruce

A lot of fungi have grown!”

For a long time, people not only hunted animals and birds in the forests, but also collected the gifts of the forest - mushrooms. Mushroom picking is called “silent hunting.”

“Among the various human hunts, the humble hunt to go mushroom hunting, or take mushrooms, has its place. I’m even ready to give preference to mushrooms, because they need to be found, therefore, they may not be found; Some skill, knowledge of mushroom deposits, knowledge of the area and happiness are mixed in here. No wonder the proverb says: “It’s good to go mushroom hunting with happiness.” These words belong to Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov, a writer and expert on Russian nature.

With the light hand of Aksakov, picking mushrooms received the name “silent hunting”.

Why do experienced mushroom pickers go out on a “quiet hunt” in the early morning, and not in the hot afternoon or evening?

Yes because:

"At the dewy dawn

The mushroom is strong, fragrant,

And on a hot day -

Like a rotten stump."

This is the saying people made up.

They also say this: “Whoever gets up first will pick mushrooms, but only nettles remain sleepy and lazy.”

Many mushroom pickers know the joyful feeling when you find the very first forest trophy - a stately, strong mushroom!

“For me, the most precious thing is to enter the forest when the forest is still gloomy, and quiet, and untouched, and under the first spruce your first mushroom is waiting for you, as if it deliberately came out closer to the edge in order to be the first to catch your eye and please you,” — noted writer Vladimir Soloukhin.

Forest trophy

The dawn is hidden, timid,

Pleasant forest chill.

Under the spruce tree, right next to the path

I'll pick a young fungus.

How strong and vigorous he is!

He wants to please me.

Dew on the green grass,

Like crystal beads.

I'll admire it a little

A gift from gnomes and fairies

And I'll put it in a basket

My first forest trophy.

How to dress properly when going to the forest to pick mushrooms?

You need to wear rubber boots with woolen socks on your feet, because on an early dewy morning in the forest it is still damp and cool. It is better not to wear anything rustling in the forest, so as not to scare away the forest inhabitants, and bright, so as not to attract insects. Bees and wasps may mistake you for a large, elegant flower and inadvertently sting you!

The most suitable clothing for a mushroom picker - a tracksuit and a light hat.

The main thing is that your head, arms and legs are covered with clothes. Don't forget that in the forests there are dangerous insects- ticks, whose bites can cause serious illness.

But imagine that you have dressed according to all the rules of “mushroom hunting” and are thinking about what you will put the mushrooms in.

Neither buckets, nor bags, nor backpacks are suitable for collecting mushrooms! After all, mushrooms are tender and soft. Their caps break and crumble easily. In addition, cut mushrooms need to “breathe”, and in buckets and backpacks they will not only break, but also “suffocate” - they will quickly lose their bright forest beauty, become dark and caked.

No, the best options for collecting mushrooms are baskets or baskets woven from flexible willow branches, covered with fragrant moss, and boxes made of white birch bark - the top layer of birch bark. The mushrooms “breathe” through the holes in them, maintaining their aromatic freshness and beauty.

I'll put the mushroom in a basket

I'll put the mushroom in a basket,

What was woven from willow branches.

Let the mushroom “breathe” a little,

Let it remain beautiful!

Many mushroom pickers have their own treasured places - edges, clearings, where they collect a rich mushroom harvest every year. But mushrooms are tricky! They like, as people say, to “lead by the nose.” Either they will hide under a thick dark spruce, then they will bury themselves in tall grasses near a mossy stump, or they will hide behind a fallen leaf. You will pass by and not notice!

Many mushroom pickers know that if there are dry, hot days, the mushrooms hide together under the bushes, and after the rains they happily scatter through the clearings and forest edges.

Do you guys know how to properly cut mushrooms? Is it possible to uproot mushrooms?

Right! Mushrooms cannot be pulled out of the ground along with the mycelium! Having destroyed the mycelium, you will no longer find mushrooms in this place. But the mycelium of some mushrooms live for hundreds of years!

If you find a forest treasure - young fresh mushroom, it needs to be cut off with a knife, and the mycelium lightly sprinkled with earth, covered with fallen leaves or a sprig of pine needles and pressed firmly with the palm of your hand so that next year the mushroom has grown here again.

A real mushroom picker, having found a good mushroom, will first admire it, remember where this mushroom grew, and only then carefully cut it off and put it in a basket with the cap down on a soft feather bed of moss.

Quite a few Russians folk signs associated with where and when to look for mushrooms. People noticed: if “there are a lot of midges, you need to prepare a lot of baskets for mushrooms,” and “the first fog of summer is a sure sign of mushrooms.”

Tricky fungus

Tricky little fungus

In a round red hat,

He doesn't want to go to the box

He plays hide and seek.

Hidden near the stump -

It's calling me to play!

Where to find fungus

If the day is dry and hot,

Then in the resinous, coniferous forest

All the mushrooms are under the bushes,

Under the green leaves.

If the rain makes noise,

If the forest is washed with moisture,

Instantly chanterelles and waves

They will scatter along the edge of the forest.

Admire the beauty!

Before the fungus

Put it in the box

Don't rush, wait

Admire the beauty.

And then don't be lazy

Bow low to the mushroom.

Cut it down to the spine

There will be a pie in winter!

Advice to a mushroom picker

Sprinkle mycelium

raw earth,

Cover with leaves

Yes, fragrant pine needles.

A year will pass -

The fungus will grow again!

Mushrooms grow especially quickly in forests after warm summer rains. Such rains are often called “blind” or “mushroom”. “If it rains, there will be fungi, and if there are fungi, there will be bodies,” says popular wisdom.

Mushroom rain

Rain is coming. It smelled of moisture

Fine dust of water.

I see, in the haze, behind the ravine

Mushroom rain falls obliquely.

Enters the forest slowly,

Touches the furry one with his paw

Stems of strong nettles,

Bells and mint.

Sits on a fallen trunk,

Where there is moss and humus,

And he casts a spell over the mycelium:

It’s not for nothing that it’s mushroom!

In what months do mushroom pickers pick mushrooms?

The earliest mushrooms are oyster mushrooms, they are collected in the spring.

“Spring has hung oyster mushrooms on the trees - the earliest spring mushrooms that ripen quickly,” writes avid mushroom picker, geologist and writer Pyotr Sigunov about oyster mushrooms. “Oyster mushrooms, like jumping squirrels, love to climb trunks. They climb onto a dry, rotten aspen tree and sit there on short felt paws, with their thick, lopsided ears hanging down... Oyster mushrooms smell like wheat flour. It’s not for nothing that they are also called buns.”

But most of the mushroom harvest begins to be harvested from mid-summer until the autumn days. They go for autumn honey mushrooms in September. People remarked: “If there is a late fungus, there will be a late snowball.”

In the old days, there were many dense forests in Rus', and these forests were full of mushrooms! “At the onset of the season, entire families left their smoky huts, hung large deep baskets on their backs, took sticks in their hands to feel the mushrooms under the humus of fallen leaves, and “disappeared” until cold autumn. These " forest people“They lived exclusively by picking mushrooms. They built booths and huts for themselves, their thickets came out only to sell their goods to the buyers waiting for them at the edge of the forest” (K. Serebryakov).

In the midst mushroom season Mushroom pickers are scattering through the forest. Every now and then their voices are heard: calling to each other, echoing. Sometimes people wander into remote thickets and lose their familiar path.

How not to get lost in a dense forest?

It turns out that you can find your way home by looking at mushrooms! It’s not for nothing that they are called “living compasses.” You, of course, know that a compass is a device that indicates the location of the cardinal directions: North, South, West, East. This is the kind of compass that a mushroom—an ordinary forest saffron milk cap—can be!

These mushrooms usually grow under spruce trees. The saffron milk caps growing to the north of the spruce have large, bright orange caps, like cast copper, while the saffron milk caps growing on the south side have small, greenish caps.

The edible mushrooms that we collect in the forests are tubular and lamellar.

In tubular mushrooms, the lower surface of the cap looks like a porous sponge. It is permeated with thin tubes in which mushroom spores ripen. Tubular mushrooms include White mushroom and boletus, butterwort and boletus.

In lamellar mushrooms, the lower surface of the cap is covered with ribs-plates. Spores are attached to each plate. When the mushroom ripens, the plates move apart and the spores spill out onto the ground. Lamellar mushrooms- milk mushrooms, mushrooms, chanterelles, russula, honey mushrooms.

Except edible mushrooms Poisonous mushrooms are also found in the forest. It's better to avoid them! You can’t touch them with your hands, cut them with a knife, or put them in a basket!

They are called “forest werewolves” because these mushrooms look like edible ones.

Poisonous mushrooms include the well-known beautiful fly agaric and false honey mushrooms, which are cleverly faked as real mushrooms. But the most dangerous poisonous mushroom is death cap! Even a small piece of this mushroom can kill a person. The pale toadstool contains several deadly poisons.

You will learn about poisonous mushrooms and how to distinguish them from edible ones a little later.

Let's think together why people love edible good mushrooms so much.

They are tasty and healthy. They can be boiled, fried, salted, pickled and dried. Mushrooms add a special taste and aroma to all dishes! Soups are cooked with mushrooms, pies are baked, and roasts are prepared.

Mushrooms contain many useful substances, so they have been used in the treatment of diseases since ancient times.

Many mushrooms have an antimicrobial effect and contain antibiotics.

Not only people, but also animals love to eat mushrooms. Squirrels and chipmunks store mushrooms for the winter in different ways. Squirrels prick mushrooms onto branches, and chipmunks and badgers scatter them to dry on the trunks of weather-fallen trees.

What mushrooms are especially popular among forest dwellers?

Squirrels like boletus, boletus, boletus and saffron milk caps. Moose love to treat themselves to porcini mushrooms, and they are treated with fly agarics. Reindeer they eat boletus with gusto. Boars - milk mushrooms. Before eating milk mushrooms, wild boars trample them with their hooves, crush them with their tusks and roll them in the mud. They will love this dish! Chipmunks and badgers dry milk mushrooms, chanterelles and russula for the winter.

How do mushroom pickers know where to look for their “forest happiness”? They have their own little tricks. Avid lovers of “silent hunting” know when and under which trees to look for forest treasures. For example, porcini mushrooms do not grow in young forests; they appear in pine and spruce forests that are at least fifty years old. Porcini mushrooms love to grow near anthills. Tireless workers-ants loosened the earth there. The “colonels” boletus and shady meadows were chosen.

Butterflies often grow in young forests, copses, and sunny, dry pine forests. Russulas decorate birch trees with multi-colored caps, and honey mushrooms appear on stumps.

Mushroom pickers know that if mushrooms appear, milk mushrooms will soon appear. If mushroom pickers bring porcini mushrooms from the forest in baskets, then in three weeks the saffron milk caps will also grow. If autumn honey mushrooms cling to the stumps and tree trunks, it means that snowflakes will soon flutter in the air like white moths.

Have you ever wondered where mushrooms got their names from?

It turns out that some mushrooms are named after the place where they grow. For example, the honey fungus has chosen rotten stumps, and the moss fly grows in mosses.

Other mushrooms get their names from the trees under which they grow. The boletus grows under the birch, the oak boletus - under the oak, and the aspen boletus - under the aspen.

Still others look like some kind of animal. Red chanterelles look like a sister fox, a little pig like a plump pig, and a hedgehog mushroom looks like a prickly hedgehog.

Rules for collecting mushrooms

It seems like a simple matter to cut a mushroom and put it in a basket, but lovers of “quiet hunting” should definitely remember and follow a few important rules mushroom picker so that forest gifts bring joy and not misfortune.

FIRST, learn to distinguish poisonous mushrooms from edible ones. If you notice a poisonous mushroom, do not pick it, do not cut it with a knife, do not knock it down with a stick. Better to avoid it. By the way, some poisonous mushrooms, dangerous to human health, cure diseases of animals and birds.

SECOND, collect only those mushrooms that are familiar to you. Never cut off unfamiliar mushrooms!

THIRD, do not put wormy, slug-eaten, overripe mushrooms in the box. Such mushrooms produce toxic substances, you can get poisoned by these mushrooms!

FOURTH, never pick mushrooms in city squares, parks, front gardens, boulevards, or mushrooms grown near highways.

Why?

Yes, because mushrooms, like sponges, absorb all the harmful substances that accumulate in the soil and are contained in polluted air.

In order not to frighten off their luck, friends jokingly wish hunters: “No fluff, no feather,” fishermen: “Neither tail, nor fin,” and let’s wish mushroom pickers: “No hat, no root.” Let the mushrooms catch your eye, and not hide under leaves and pine needles, or run away behind stumps and trees.

Questions for consolidation

1. What is a mushroom?

2. How do mushrooms differ from other plants?

3. What mushrooms do you know?

4. Why is picking mushrooms called “silent hunting”?

5. How to dress properly when going to the forest to pick mushrooms?

6. Where is it better to put the collected mushrooms? Why?

7. How to cut mushrooms?

8. In what months of the year do mushroom pickers harvest mushrooms?

9. Why are mushrooms called “living compasses”?

10. What mushrooms are called tubular?

11. What mushrooms are called “forest werewolves” and why?

12. What mushrooms do squirrels and badgers store?

13. What animals like to eat mushrooms?

14. What little secrets do mushroom pickers know?

Mushrooms in fairy tales, stories, pictures, videos and tasks for children

Mushrooms in fairy tales, stories, pictures, educational videos and tasks for children. Materials for activities and games with children on the topic “Mushrooms”.

Children about mushrooms. Mushrooms in fairy tales, stories, pictures, videos and tasks for children

How interesting is it to tell children about mushrooms? Fairy tales, stories and tasks about mushrooms from this article will help you, from which children will learn:

• where do mushrooms grow and what is their “address”, what is this coniferous, mixed and deciduous forest,
• names of mushrooms and where they came from why are mushrooms called that?
• what parts do mushrooms consist of? and the purpose of each part (the structure of mushrooms), what are “ambiguous words” (hat, stem),
• why are mushrooms needed? and who they are friends with,
• signs and sayings about mushrooms,
• how new mushrooms appear in the forest and how they live,
• Are there any harmful mushrooms? poisonous and edible mushrooms.

In this article you will find:

• presentation for children with tasks in pictures on the topic “Mushrooms” for free download,
• educational stories for children about mushrooms in pictures and questions for classes with preschoolers,
• original stories about mushrooms with sample questions for discussing them with children,
• signs about mushrooms.

Story 1. Where mushrooms grow: find out the “mushroom address”

What mushrooms do you know? Together with your child, list all the mushrooms known to the baby: boletus, milk mushrooms, russula, boletus (ceps), boletus, boletus, milk mushroom. boletus, chanterelles, saffron milk caps.

If the child finds it difficult, then show him pictures of mushrooms and name them with him. The pictures from the article will help you

But mushrooms not only have a name like ours, they also have something very interesting!

We live in cities and houses and we have address. Ask your child what city he lives in and what his address is? Why do you need to know your address by heart?

If you received parcels or parcels, letters, then show them where the address is written. Why did they write the address on them?

It turns out that mushrooms also have... their own address! The mushroom can always be found at this address. But this one "mushroom address" Not everyone knows, but only the most - the most attentive people to nature.

Now we will try to guess this address!

Talk to your children about what Each mushroom “loves” its own tree and its own forest and lives only at its own address.

• For example, what can we find under a pine tree? Of course, oily or porcini mushrooms - boletus mushrooms.- Boletus is the king among all mushrooms. Their legs are thick - like a potato. The cap is brown, the flesh is white, strong, tasty. Porcini mushrooms - boletus - are dried, boiled, and fried. The address of these mushrooms: " Pinery" You can find them there.
• And under the birch tree, on the lawns and in the mown clearings - boletus mushrooms Boletus mushrooms usually do not grow alone. Next to one there is always another growing.
• Under the aspens - boletus.
• They live and grow on stumps honey mushrooms
• In pine and spruce forests a lot of oily with shiny hats.
• Where do mushrooms live? chanterelles- friendly sisters who always grow up next to each other as families? IN mixed forests.
• Saffron milk caps They love coniferous forests - spruce and pine forests.

HELPFUL ADVICE: Explain to your child what:

• "deciduous forest"(birches, aspens, oaks and other trees with leaves grow in it),
• "coniferous forest"(this is a forest in which pine and spruce trees grow) and
• "mixed forest"(both deciduous and coniferous trees grow in it).

Ask your child if he can guess why the forest is called “mixed”? (Because different trees - coniferous and deciduous - are “mixed and mixed” in it, growing together next to each other).

• When driving past forests by car, bus, train, or train, try with your child to determine what kind of forest it is and what mushrooms can be found in it.
• Look at the pictures for this article and find deciduous forest, coniferous forest, mixed forest in the photographs.

And if the forest is too dark, dense like a thicket, or, on the contrary, too sparse, then, alas, we most likely will not find mushrooms in it:(. Therefore, when you see a forest, first look at it, think about what kind of mushrooms you can find in it .And look 🙂 - I wish you mushroom luck!

Interesting information about the “address” of mushrooms: By autumn, the mushrooms slightly change their “address”, that is, they move. True, they are moving very close - more warm place. If earlier in the summer in July - early August they huddled close to the trees and often grew on the cooler northern side, now they can be found in an open clearing, path, and near clearings. Where it's warm and sunny.

INTERESTING IDEA: writing a letter to... mushrooms!

If your baby loves fairy tales and believes in them, then you can write a letter to the forest with him... to a few mushrooms. On the envelope we write “the address of the mushrooms” and their “name”. For example: “Mixed forest near the village of Zaborye. A large clearing next to a hollow. To the family of foxes from Pasha." And be sure to write the child’s address, first and last name. And in the letter we send the mushroom our forest drawings and tell them what we already know about the life of mushrooms, we wish them growth, warm rains and everything that the child wants to wish.

Helpful advice:

• When writing the address, be sure to take into account where this type of mushroom grows. Otherwise, the letter “will not arrive.” At the same time, you will repeat with your child where which mushrooms like to grow.
• You can write a letter to a specific mushroom that you saw on a walk in the forest with your child. Or make a whole series of letters (five letters) - send each mushroom a picture with its image (“portrait of a mushroom”) and a small “message” that you write together with the child (you write it down, the child dictates. If the child finds it difficult, then suggest an idea. ask a question or start a phrase, and the child will finish it).

It is important:

Your child will definitely want to receive an answer from the mushroom to his letter. Take care of the “mushroom answer” in advance - send your child in an envelope a few days later a leaf from the forest, a pebble, a photo or sticker with a picture of a forest, or a printed coloring book “Mushrooms” (you can find it in our VKontakte group “Child development from birth to school” ). Be sure to write addresses and names correctly on the envelope.

Children love these “correspondences” and learn a lot about nature from them. And they learn with pleasure and interest, even excitement! With the help of such correspondence in late summer - early autumn, your child will learn much more about nature than from simply reading an encyclopedia.

Story 2. Why are mushrooms called that? Where did their names come from?

The names of mushrooms are very interesting. These names were not invented just like that. These words can tell us a lot. Look at the different mushrooms in the pictures with your child and guess why they are called that.

Do not tell your child the correct answer right away! It is more important not to learn “how to do it right” and remember it, but to learn to think, compare, guess, reason, imagine. Therefore, first speculate, and only then tell us where the name of the mushroom actually came from.

• For example, everyone knows the mushroom boletus . It is enough to listen to this word to understand where to look for the mushroom - under a birch tree, in birch groves, in the forests in which birch trees grow. The boletus even looks like a birch tree - it has a tall white leg with a dark pattern of scales. That's why it's called that. This is a friend of the birch.
• Where should you look? boletus? Under what tree? Of course, under the aspen tree. It’s not for nothing that he is an “aspen boletus.” I also call this mushroom: “Redhead” - can you guess why? Because his hat is red. It’s like the “red head” - so they called it “red head”. And it is similar to aspen in that the aspen leaves are red and orange, like the cap of an aspen boletus. You won’t immediately notice it in the fallen leaves of a similar color!
• Why was the mushroom called that? saffron milk cap?Ginger colour! The mushroom is really bright red - both the cap and the stem. Rizhik grows in a coniferous forest, where there are almost no grasses and where it is immediately noticeable by its red color. So people called him very affectionately - “Ryzhik”. Who else is called “redhead”? (little fox, red dog, red kitten)
• Mushroom - raincoat special, without a cap and without a stem. If you step on it, the peel will burst and dark smoke will come out. That’s why this mushroom is also called “grandfather’s smoke.”
• Milk mushrooms They always grow together, side by side - like a “pile”. What is a pile? This means that the mushrooms grow very, very close to each other. big family. There are always a lot of them nearby. Try making a pile of stones or things with your child. Then put things far apart from each other - it's no longer a pile. And make a pile again. This is how milk mushrooms grow side by side - in a pile. There is even such a word in the Russian language, “huddled together,” that is, they stood very, very close to each other. Milk mushrooms love mixed forest and birch trees.
• And what a strange name this is - “ honey mushrooms". What did it come from? From the word “stump”, “near the stump”. Honey mushrooms love to grow on stumps and on dried, fallen trees. This is how brave the honey fungus grew up in Eduard Shim’s forest fairy tale!

E. Shim " Brave honey fungus"

There were a lot of mushrooms in the fall. Yes, what great fellows - one is more beautiful than the other!

Grandfathers stand under the dark fir trees. They wear white caftans and rich hats on their heads: yellow velvet below, brown velvet above. What a sight for sore eyes!

The boletus fathers stand under the light aspen trees. Everyone is wearing shaggy gray jackets and red hats on their heads. Also a beauty!

Brother boletus grows under the tall pines. They are wearing yellow shirts and oilcloth caps on their heads. Good too!

Under the alder bushes, the Russula sisters perform round dances. Each sister is wearing a linen sundress and has a colored scarf tied around her head. Not bad either!

And suddenly another mushroom mushroom grew near the fallen birch tree. Yes, so invisible, so unsightly! The orphan has nothing: no caftan, no shirt, no cap. He stands barefoot on the ground, and his head is uncovered - his blond curls curl into little ringlets. Other mushrooms saw him and, well, laugh: “Look, how unkempt!” But where did you come out into the white light? Not a single mushroom picker will take you, no one will bow to you! Honey fungus shook his curls and answered:

If he doesn’t bow today, I’ll wait. Maybe someday I’ll come in handy.

But no, mushroom pickers don’t notice it. They walk among the dark fir trees, collecting boletus mushrooms. And it gets colder in the forest. The leaves on the birches turned yellow, on the rowan trees they turned red, on the aspen trees they became covered with spots. At night, chilly dew falls on the moss.

And from this chilly dew the grandfather boletus came down. There is not a single one left, everyone is gone. It’s also chilly for the honey mushroom to stand in the lowlands. But even though his leg is thin, it is light - he took it and moved higher, onto birch roots. And again the mushroom pickers are waiting.

And mushroom pickers walk in the copses, collecting boletus fathers. They still don’t look at Openka.

It became even colder in the forest. The great wind whistled, tore off all the leaves from the trees, and the bare branches swayed. It rains from morning until evening, and there is nowhere to hide from them.

And from these evil rains the boletus fathers came away. Everyone is gone, not a single one is left.

The honey mushroom is also flooded with rain, but although it is puny, it is nimble. He took it and jumped onto a birch stump. No rain will flood it here. But mushroom pickers still don’t notice Openok. They walk in the bare forest, collect butter brothers and russula sisters, and put them in boxes. Is Openka really going to disappear for nothing, for nothing?

It became completely cold in the forest. Muddy clouds moved in, it became dark all around, and snow pellets began to fall from the sky. And from this snow pellets came the boletus brothers and russula sisters. Not a single cap is visible, not a single handkerchief flashes.

The groats also fall out on Openka's uncovered head and get stuck in his curls. But the cunning Honeypaw did not make a mistake here either: he took it and jumped into the birch hollow. He sits under a reliable roof, slowly peeking out: are the mushroom pickers coming? And the mushroom pickers are right there. They wander through the forest with empty boxes, but they cannot find a single fungus. They saw Openka and were so happy: “Oh, my dear!” - They say. - Oh, you are brave! He was not afraid of rain or snow, he was waiting for us. Thank you for helping in the most inclement time! And they bowed low and low to Openko.

Ask a child, does he bow to those mushrooms that he finds in the forest? Does the forest thank you for its gifts - mushrooms and berries?

Every time we go into the forest, we greet it and always thank it for all our finds! This is a culture of attitude towards nature, which is laid down from the first years of life. And how a child will grow up - whether he will perceive the forest as something wild and unfamiliar and therefore begin to litter and destroy it, or whether he will perceive the forest as a friend and helper - depends, among other things, on this culture. Fairy tales about mushrooms also foster respect for nature, understanding and admiration for it!

Now let’s continue to learn the secrets of the names of mushrooms and guess where they came from.

Oil canso called because of its oily cap. The hat of the oil can seems to be greased with oil and glistens in the sun.

Borovik it was named so from the word “pine forest” because it grows in pine and spruce forests. A These mushrooms are called porcini, because their flesh is white and does not darken when cooked and dried, it always remains white. Most likely, the child will not guess, because... I've never cooked mushrooms. Therefore, if you cook them, show him the pulp of the porcini mushroom. Or show him dried porcini mushrooms so that he can be convinced that this is really the case.

Chanterelles their bright - orange They resemble a fox, that's why they are called that. Both their hat and leg are bright red. And they always grow up as friendly families.
Mokhoviki grow among soft moss. Their caps stick out from the moss, are clearly visible and easy to collect. There is even a saying: “Every moss-fly is used to living in moss.”

Russula- mushrooms with colorful caps. They were called that because they do not need to be boiled for pickling. Russulas have caps different color- red, purple, yellowish-brown, depending on the conditions where the mushroom grew. That’s why they were also called “goryanki” (from the word “burn”) and even... talkers! But why they were called “talkers” we can only guess!

Volnushki so called because they have wavy circles on their caps. You probably thought so? Maybe it's true. But according to the etymological dictionary, the reason for this name of the mushroom is completely different! The name of the mushroom actually comes from the word “wave”. Only in ancient times did this word mean “wool”. The volnushki have a fleecy cap that looks like a little wool. So they called this hat “woolen”, and the mushroom - “volnushka”.

Story 3. What are mushrooms made of?

When we pick and eat mushrooms, we think that it is the mushroom itself. In fact, this is not true at all! It's just fruiting body mushroom. And the main part of the mushroom is the mycelium!

Mycelium consists of white thin threads that penetrate the entire upper layer soil. Small nodules form on these threads. These nodules grow, crawl out of the ground and... turn into the mushrooms we know and love!

The mycelium can live and produce mushrooms for many, many years if it is not damaged by humans. The mycelium dries out and dies from sunlight if it is not protected and damaged by humans. Therefore, when we collect mushrooms, we need to protect the mycelium: carefully take the mushroom, and lightly cover the free space in the ground with moss or foliage to preserve the mycelium. And so that later a new mushroom will grow in the same place.

The mycelium is very, very large and takes up many meters around the small fungus. Children can compare the size of the mycelium with the size of the playground in the yard! Therefore, in fact, a mushroom is a very, very large creature! It is larger in size and weight than... an elephant!

Your children will learn about this from the wonderful TV show “Shishkin Forest. Natural history. Mushrooms" - my favorite educational program for preschoolers of the TV channel “My Joy”. Watch this video with your children and discuss what surprising things you learned about the life of mushrooms from this video. Tell these amazing facts friends and acquaintances, relatives of the child - surprise them too!

3.1. Children about mushrooms: educational video

Lesson about mushrooms at Shishkina School for kids

We talked to you about the mycelium, which is located underground. What does the fruiting body of the mushroom that we collect in the forest consist of? The mushroom always has hat And leg. (Note: this amount of knowledge about the parts of a mushroom is quite enough for a preschooler. There is no need to explain to the child what lamellae, mycelium, etc. are. We give kids only the knowledge that they can apply in their lives)

Look at the pictures hats different mushrooms. How different they are! And different in the nature of the surface (oily, fleecy, smooth, rough), and in color, and in shape. What and who else has hats? (A grandmother or mother may have a hat on her head. Men used to wear hats on their heads, and now you can still see a man wearing a hat on the street). There is even such a riddle: “Four brothers stand under one hat” - this is a riddle about the table! And there’s also a hat on the... nail!

Ask your child to find all the hats in the picture below (don't forget the nail heads, the man's hat, the woman's hat and the mushroom caps). Count how many hats you and your child found in the picture. Name it correctly - for example, “five hats” or “three hats” (agreeing the numeral with the noun).

An interesting idea for a game-activity: Make a mushroom cap from multi-colored plasticine. Based on the shape of the cap and its color, you will need to guess what kind of mushroom it is. First, you ask such riddles to your child and comment on your actions. Then the child sculpts it himself, imitating you, and asks you a riddle - he sculpts the cap of some kind of mushroom, and you guess what it is.

The easiest way to start is with simple contrasting mushroom caps. For example, ask a child a question: what kind of mushroom lost its cap - a fly agaric, a fly agaric, or a boletus? What kind of hat did I make? The child compares the sculpted hat with the hat in the picture with mushrooms above and answers by guessing, explaining his opinion (why he decided that it was the cap of a mushroom or another mushroom).

Now let's look at mushroom stem! Not only mushrooms have legs, but also many objects around us. Together with the child, find what has a leg (a table, chair, cabinet, the child also has two legs, etc.) Which interesting word- “leg”. Let's play with him!

3.2. Speech game with the ambiguous word “leg”

About it ambiguous word- “leg” - I came up with my own little poem for educational and speech activities with children. This poem is a game with words that introduces the child to the phenomenon of polysemy of words:

About legs

“I have two legs.

They run fast.

Legs jump and jump,

They run and kick a ball.

Stools have legs,

By the beds and banquettes,

By the sofas and wardrobes,

At chests of drawers and tables.

Why do they need legs?

Then I thought a little...

But the answer is about these legs

I’ll keep it a secret from everyone!” (A. Valasina)

Poem assignments:

• Invite your child to guess the boy's secret. Ask: “Have you guessed why legs are needed for a table, cabinet, or sofa? What happens if one leg of a chair breaks? Will we be able to use it? Why?
• Is it convenient to use a table that has at least one broken leg? Why?
• So, why do we need furniture legs? So we figured out the secret, but we won’t tell it to anyone either. Fine? :).
• And insects also have legs! Which ones? Name it! (spider, grasshopper, etc.)
• This is such an unusual word - “leg”. One word can mean so much!

Such tasks teach the child to listen to words and develop a sense of language.

Story 4. Why are mushrooms needed? Who are mushrooms friends with?

Ask your child who and why mushrooms are useful. Yes. they are useful and necessary for people, animals, birds, and plants that grow next to them in the forest:

— Mushrooms are collected and eaten by people. We salt them, marinate them, cook mushroom soup from them, make mushroom caviar, bake pies with mushrooms and make many other things from them delicious dishes.

—Animals also eat mushrooms. They feed on them in the summer and collect them and store them for the winter. Even mushrooms that are poisonous to humans can be beneficial to animals! For example, fly agaric is eaten by squirrels, slugs, and magpies. And a moose can swallow a whole fly agaric, and more than one! This is how he heals himself. For him, fly agaric is medicine.

- And also - Mycelium is needed for the life of forest trees, shrubs, herbs and flowers. Mushrooms are true friends of trees! The mycelium grows together with the thin roots of the tree in the ground. As a result, the mushrooms receive the nutrition and beneficial substances they need from the trees, and the trees also receive useful substances from the mushrooms for their nutrition. Thanks to mushrooms, trees better absorb everything useful from their “food” and grow faster. This is how mushrooms and trees help each other throughout their lives! They are best friends and cannot live without each other!

For example, fly agaric helps pine, spruce, birch and other trees grow, and it also decorates the forest!

Mushrooms help process the remains of plants in the forest: they destroy stumps, fallen tree trunks, and fallen branches. These are forest orderlies who clean it.

Story 5. How do new mushrooms appear in the forest?

New mushrooms grow from the mycelium. But mushrooms have another secret to growth. As the mushroom grows, it produces spores.

Controversy- these are very, very small particles like dust - specks of dust. The wind carries them very, very far. There they fall to the ground, germinate and give rise to a new mycelium, and new mushrooms will soon appear from it.

This is how interesting it is said in fairy tale - forest dialogue by Eduard Shim “Mushroom Smoke”:

My fathers, there is a fire!! My fathers, we are burning!.. From somewhere terrible smoke is pouring out!

Vaughn, from mushrooms. That's all.

Ay, that's right! Smoke poured out of the bubble mushrooms! What is going on, my dears?!

Nothing. The moose galloped. I trampled the puffball mushrooms.

Why are they smoking?!

Ugh! Yes because they are ripe! It's not smoke pouring out, it's mushroom spores, mushroom seeds, flying in the wind!

Well, then go away, the smoke is thicker, there will be more mushrooms!

Story 6. How long do mushrooms live?

The life of a mushroom is very, very short! The mushroom is young for five days, on the sixth day the mushroom is usually fully ripe, and on the seventh day it is already... old:(. That’s how short their life is!

To make the child aware of this time period, show him Monday on the calendar. This is the day the mushroom appeared. Remember what you did with your child on Monday. Think about what you did on other days of the week and on Saturday. And at this time the mushroom is already fully ripe - in these few days it has already become quite an adult! Remember what you did on Sunday. How little time has passed! And the mushroom became an old man in just a week!

Story 7. Are there harmful mushrooms?

There are edible mushrooms, and there are poisonous ones. Therefore, in the forest, children must always ask adults if they can pick up a mushroom found in the forest or in the park. If you don’t know the mushroom, then it’s better to leave it in the forest and not take it.

How to tell children about poisonous mushrooms? It is very clearly explained to kids what poisonous mushrooms are and what they are like in the Shishkina School program on the topic “Poisonous Mushrooms.” Watch it with the kids.

Poisonous mushrooms: video for children

In this video, the child will see poisonous mushrooms: he will learn what toadstool, fly agaric, real and false chanterelles(learns how to distinguish an edible chanterelle from a poisonous mushroom), what false honey mushrooms are and how they differ from real honey mushrooms. And also learns the rules of the mushroom picker.

Story 8. What are “deciduous mushrooms” and why are they called that?

Why are mushrooms called “deciduous” mushrooms? “Leaf-fallen” - from the word “leaf-fallen”. What is “leaf fall”? Yes, leaves are falling = leaf fall. This means that such mushrooms grow during leaf fall. This happens in October. These are boletuses, aspen mushrooms, saffron milk caps, milk mushrooms, volushki and others.

Discuss with your child where you should look for mushrooms in the fall during leaf fall - in dark, cold forests in the shade or in the sun? Yes, you need to look for them where it’s warm, where the sun is warm. They hide under fallen leaves. You won't find them in a cold forest.

Educational fairy tales and stories about mushrooms for children

We all know that boletus grows under birch trees, and boletus under aspens. And why? From N. Pavlova's fairy tale, children learn why each mushroom has its own plants - friends and its own “mushroom address” in the forest.

N. Pavlova's fairy tales are amazing. She's talking about the profession of a doctor biological sciences and knows the life of plants and animals very well. And her second profession is a children's writer. Therefore, her fairy tales are interesting, very educational, and beloved by children!

N. Pavlova “Two tales about mushrooms”

A little girl went into the forest to pick mushrooms. I went up to the edge and let's show off:

You, Les, better not hide mushrooms from me! I'll still fill my cart full. I know everything, all your secrets!

Don't boast! - the forest made a noise. - Don't brag! Where is everyone?

“But you’ll see,” the girl said and went to look for mushrooms.

In the fine grass, between the birch trees, boletus mushrooms grew: gray, soft caps, stems with black shag.

In a young aspen grove gathered thick, strong little aspen boletuses in tightly pulled orange caps.

And in the twilight, under the fir trees, among the rotten pine needles, the girl found short saffron milk caps: red, greenish, striped, and in the middle of the cap there was a dimple, as if an animal had pressed it with its paw.

The girl picked up a basket full of mushrooms, and even with the top on! She came out to the edge and said:

Do you see, Les, how many different mushrooms I picked? This means I understand where to look for them. It was not for nothing that she boasted that I knew all your secrets.

Where is everyone? - Les made a noise. - I have more secrets than leaves on the trees. And what do you know? You don’t even know why boletuses grow only under birches, aspen boletuses - under aspens, saffron milk caps - under fir trees and pine trees.

“Here comes the house,” the girl answered. But she said it just like that, out of stubbornness.

“You don’t know this, you don’t know,” Les made a noise, “telling this will be a fairy tale!”

“I know what a fairy tale,” the girl stubbornly said. - Wait a little, I’ll remember it and tell you myself.

She sat on a stump, thought, and then began to tell.

There used to be a time when mushrooms did not stand in one place, but ran throughout the forest, danced, stood upside down, and played mischief. Previously, everyone in the forest knew how to dance. Only Bear couldn't do it. And he was the most important boss.

Once in the forest they celebrated the birthday of a hundred-year-old tree. Everyone danced, and the Bear - the one in charge - sat like a tree stump. He felt offended and decided to learn to dance. He chose a clearing for himself and began to exercise there. But he, of course, did not want to be seen, he was embarrassed, and therefore gave the order:

No one should ever appear in my clearing.

And mushrooms loved this clearing very much. And they did not obey the order. They waylaid him when the Bear lay down to rest, left Toadstool to guard him, and they ran off to the clearing to play.

The bear woke up, saw Toadstool in front of his nose and shouted:

Why are you hanging around here?

And she answers:

All the mushrooms ran away to your clearing, and they left me on guard.

The bear roared, jumped up, slammed Toadstool and rushed into the clearing.

And the mushrooms played magic wand there. They hid somewhere. The mushroom with a red cap hid under the Aspen, the red-haired one hid under the Christmas tree, and the long-legged one with black shags hid under the Birch.

And the Bear will jump out and scream - Roar! Gotcha, mushrooms! Gotcha!

Out of fear, the mushrooms all grew into place.

Here Birch lowered her leaves and covered her fungus with them. The aspen dropped a round leaf directly onto the cap of its mushroom. And the tree scooped up dry needles with its paw towards Ryzhik.

Bear looked for mushrooms, but didn’t find any.

Since then, those mushrooms that were hiding under the trees have been growing, each under their own tree. They remember how it saved him. And now these mushrooms are called Boletus and Boletus. And Ryzhik remained Ryzhik, because he was red. That's the whole fairy tale!

You came up with this! - Les made a noise. - It’s a good fairy tale, but there’s not a bit of truth in it. And listen to my true story.

Once upon a time there were roots of the forest underground. Not alone - they lived in families: Birch - near Birch, Aspen - near Aspen, Spruce - near the Christmas tree.

And lo and behold, out of nowhere, homeless Roots appeared nearby. Marvelous Roots! The thinnest web is thinner. They rummage through rotten leaves and forest waste, and whatever edible they find there, they eat and put aside for storage.

And the Birch Roots stretched out nearby, looking and envying.

We, they say, cannot get anything out of the decay, out of the rot. And Marvelous Roots responded: “You envy us, but they themselves have more good than ours.”

And they guessed right! For nothing that a cobweb is a cobweb. The Birch Roots received great help from their own Birch Leaves. The leaves sent food down the trunk from top to bottom. And what they used to prepare this food from, you have to ask them themselves. Divo-Koreshki is rich in one thing. Birch Roots - to others.

And they decided to be friends.

Marvelous Roots clung to the Berezovs and entwined them around them. And the Birch Roots do not remain in debt: whatever they get, they share with their comrades.

Since then they have lived inseparably. It’s good for both. Miracle Roots is growing wider and wider, all reserves are being accumulated. And Birch grows and gets stronger.

Summer is in the middle, Birch Roots boast:

Our Birch's earrings are ruffled and the seeds are flying!

And Miracle Roots answer:

That's how! Seeds! So it’s time for us to get down to business.

No sooner said than done: the little nodules jumped up on the Divo-Roots. At first they are small. But how they began to grow! The Birch Roots didn’t even have time to say anything, but they had already broken through the ground. And they turned around in freedom, under Berezka, like young mushrooms. Legs with black shag. The hats are brown. And from under the caps mushroom seeds-spores fall out. The wind mixed them with birch seeds and scattered them throughout the forest.

This is how the mushroom became related to Birch. And since then he has been inseparable from her. For this they call him Boletus.

That's my whole fairy tale! It's about Boletus, but it's also about Ryzhik and Boletus. Only Ryzhik took a fancy to two trees: the Fir-tree and the Pine.

“This is not a funny fairy tale, but a very amazing one,” said the girl. - Just think, some kind of baby fungus - and suddenly it feeds the giant tree!

Story by A. Lopatina - for junior schoolchildren. Can mushrooms really be grown in the garden? Should I give up wild mushrooms? Why have many beneficial mushrooms now become harmful? These questions are discussed in the story by the grandfather with his granddaughters.

A. Lopatina. Introduction to mushrooms

At the beginning of July it rained for a whole week. Anyuta and Mashenka became depressed. They missed the forest. Grandmother let them go for a walk in the yard, but as soon as the girls got wet, she immediately called them home.

Porfiry the cat said when the girls called him for a walk:

What's the point of getting wet in the rain? I’d rather sit at home and write a fairy tale.

“I also think that a soft sofa is a more suitable place for cats than damp grass,” Andreika chimed in.

Grandfather, returning from the forest in a wet raincoat, laughing, said:

The July rains nourish the earth and help it grow crops. Don’t worry, we’ll go to the forest to pick mushrooms soon.

Alice, shaking herself so that wet dust flew in all directions, said:

The russula have already started to climb, and in the aspen forest two small boletuses with red caps popped up, but I left them, let them grow up.

Anyuta and Mashenka were looking forward to their grandfather taking them mushroom picking. Especially after he once brought a whole basket of young mushrooms. Taking out the strong mushrooms with gray legs and smooth brown caps from the basket, he said to the girls:

Come on, guess the riddle: In the grove near the birch tree we met namesakes.

“I know,” Anyuta exclaimed, “these are boletus mushrooms, they grow under birch trees, and aspen boletuses grow under aspen trees.” They look like boletus mushrooms, but their caps are red. There are also boletus mushrooms, they grow in forests, and multi-colored russula grow everywhere.

Yes, you know our mushroom literacy! - Grandfather was surprised and, taking out a whole heap of yellow-red lamellar mushrooms from the basket, said:

Since all the mushrooms are familiar to you, help me find the right word: Golden... Very friendly sisters, They wear red berets, They bring autumn to the forest in the summer.

The girls were silent in embarrassment.

This poem is about chanterelles: they grow into a huge family and turn golden in the grass like autumn leaves,” explained the all-knowing Porfiry.

Anyuta said offendedly:

Grandfather, we only studied some mushrooms at school. The teacher told us that many mushrooms are poisonous and should not be eaten. She also said that now even good mushrooms can be poisoned, and it is better not to pick them at all.

The teacher correctly told you that you cannot eat poisonous mushrooms and that now many good mushrooms are becoming harmful to humans. Factories emit all sorts of waste into the atmosphere, so various harmful substances settle in forests, especially near large cities, and mushrooms absorb them. But good mushrooms a lot of! You just need to make friends with them, then they themselves will run out to meet you when you come to the forest.

Oh, what a wonderful fungus, strong, plump, in a velvet light brown cap! - Mashenka exclaimed, sticking her nose into the basket.

This, Mashenka, the white one jumped out ahead of time. They usually appear in July. They say about him: A strong little boletus came out, and everyone who sees it will bow down.

Grandfather, why is a boletus called white if it has a brown cap? - Mashenka asked.

Its flesh is white, tasty and fragrant. In boletuses, for example, the flesh turns blue if you cut it, but in white ones the flesh does not darken either when cutting, or when boiling, or when drying. This mushroom has long been considered by people as one of the most nutritious. I have a professor friend who studies mushrooms. So he told me that in boletus mushrooms scientists found the twenty most important amino acids for humans, as well as many vitamins and minerals. It’s not for nothing that these mushrooms are called forest meat, because they contain even more proteins than meat.

“Grandfather, the teacher told us that in the future people will grow all the mushrooms in their gardens and buy them in the store,” said Anyuta, and Mishenka added:

Mom bought us mushrooms at the store - white champignons and gray oyster mushrooms, very tasty. Oyster mushrooms have caps that look like ears, and they grow together as if they were one mushroom.

Your teacher is right, but only Forest mushrooms give to people healing properties forests and its best aromas. A person cannot grow many mushrooms in his garden: they cannot live without trees and forests. The mycelium with the trees, like inseparable brothers, intertwined their roots and feed each other. Yes and poisonous mushrooms not much, people just don’t know much about mushrooms. Every mushroom is useful in some way. However, if you go into the forest, the mushrooms themselves will tell you everything about themselves.

I really love the story “Fly Agaric”. How vividly and expressively this mushroom is described in it: it is compared to a gnome in a red cap and lace pantaloons! And it is said that even a mushroom that is poisonous to humans is useful to the inhabitants of the forest as a medicine!

N. Sladkov fly agaric

The handsome fly agaric looks kinder than Little Red Riding Hood and is more harmless ladybug. He also looks like a cheerful gnome in a red beaded cap and lace pantaloons: he’s about to move, bow to the waist and say something good. And in fact, although it is poisonous and inedible, it is not entirely bad: many forest inhabitants even eat it and do not get sick. Moose sometimes chew, magpies peck, even squirrels, which is why they know about mushrooms, and even those sometimes dry fly agaric mushrooms for the winter. In small proportions, fly agaric, like snake venom, does not poison, but heals. And the animals and birds know this. Now you know too. But never - never! - do not try to treat yourself with fly agaric. A fly agaric is still a fly agaric - it can kill you!

After reading the story, look again at the picture of the fly agaric (you will find it in the set of pictures about mushrooms at the link above) and discuss with your child:
- How is a fly agaric similar to a gnome? where is his red riding hood? Why is the cap in the story called “beaded”? (decorated with white beads - show the child large white beads and find the beads on the fly agaric's cap) And where is the fly agaric's white panties - pantaloons with lace?
- How is fly agaric useful?
— is it possible for people to pick fly agaric? Why?

And another story about mushrooms - fly agaric mushrooms by N. Sladkov “Round Dance of Mushrooms”. Read a fragment of the story to your child and discuss with him:

- What do fly agaric mushrooms look like? what does their foot look like? their hat?
- how to “stand with your arms akimbo” (show this pose),
- What are the fly agarics waiting for?
— how do fly agarics dance on their white legs? (come up with several movements together to a dance or round dance melody)
- Do they dance quickly?
- “White legs will flash” - what does this mean? When they say this: “only the heels sparkled”, “only the legs sparkled”? Has it ever happened to you that you moved so fast that only your legs flashed? When? Share your life stories too.

N. Sladkov. Round dance of mushrooms

The mushroom picker does not take fly agarics, but he is happy with fly agarics: if fly agarics go, so will white ones. And fly agarics are a delight to the eye, even though they are inedible and poisonous. They stand akimbo on white legs, in lace pantaloons, in red clown hats - if you don’t want to, you’ll fall in love with them. And if you come across a fly agaric round dance, it’s time to be dumbfounded: a dozen red fellows stood in a circle and prepared to dance!
Now - one, two! - someone will clap their hands and - three, four! - the round dance will begin! Faster and faster - like a colorful festive carousel. White legs flash and dry leaves rustle. You stand and wait.
And the fly agarics stand and wait. They are waiting for you to finally figure it out and leave. So that you can start your mushroom dance without interference or prying eyes. Stomping the white mushroom legs, waving the red mushroom caps. Just like in the old days..."

In the next fairy tale, kids will get acquainted with interesting mushroom, growing on stumps and trees - honey fungus.

V. Zotov. Honey fungus Autumn

“Mommy, look, the mushrooms don’t have enough soil,” the Little Fox was surprised. - They even climbed trees!
“You still don’t know much,” the Fox smiled. - Autumn honey fungus often grows on tree trunks. Sometimes in the fall, yellow-brown caps, which are the size of a small saucer, hang in clusters so high that they cannot be reached.
“And that family over there sat right on a rotten stump.” - The kid pointed to a stump near the tree. - Mom, are all these mushrooms edible?
- Certainly, Autumn Honey fungus very tasty. No one passes by him. Everyone puts it in the basket, everyone wants to try this mushroom. And to distinguish it from the poisonous false foam, you need to look at the plates from below. In edible honey mushrooms they are always light - white, cream or yellowish.

Signs and sayings about mushrooms

• Late mushroom - late snow.
• Where one oiler was born, others fled side by side.
• The panicles of oats have ripened - honey mushrooms have grown in the forest.
• If there are few mushrooms produced, then the winter will be snowy and harsh.
• Those who love to bow to the earth will not be left without mushrooms.
• Those who get up early put mushrooms in the car.
• When it rains in the evening, expect mushrooms in the morning.
• When it’s hot and damp, mushrooms gather under the trees; when it’s damp and damp, they scatter into the clearings.
• Rain in the evening - expect mushrooms in the morning.
• How many rains - so many milk mushrooms.
• If there is a steamy fog over the forest, go mushroom hunting.
• Heavy dew - to fertility, and frequent fogs - to the harvest of mushrooms.
• If there are waves in the forest, then expect the milk mushrooms to appear soon.
• If the rye starts to sprout, white ones with boletus mushrooms also begin to appear.
• Where there is a red fly agaric, there is a white mushroom sitting nearby.
• If the night at Christmas is starry, the same is true for Epiphany, then in the summer there will be a lot of berries and mushrooms.

How to use the materials from this article in classes with children:

Dear site readers! The materials in this article are intended for a whole series of conversations and games about mushrooms. You cannot give your child all the tasks on this page in one day. Take your time, let him play and enjoy learning about the natural world!

It may take you a whole week to remember the names of mushrooms, their characteristics, their “mushroom addresses,” write letters and receive “answers” ​​from mushrooms. This is fine! Go from the interests of the child and his characteristics and preferences.

Remember that the main thing is not the amount of knowledge, but the child’s activity, the development of his ability to answer questions, reason, invent, prove his opinion, compare, and draw independent conclusions.

An example of an individual approach to applying the materials in this article to a family

A 5-year-old child really doesn’t like sculpting or plasticine. But he loves riddles.

What to do: Such a child does not need to make a riddle - a modeling with mushroom caps, given above. We need to do this task differently. Take pictures of mushrooms (you can print them from the “Native Path” website using the link below), cover the stem of the mushroom in the picture with your palm or a sheet of paper. Only the cap will be visible. After that, ask them to guess by the cap what kind of mushroom it is.

It is better if you have separate pictures, since children very quickly remember the location of the pictures in the book and no longer analyze the image, but answer mechanically, from memory. If you constantly change the pictures and their location in this task, then the child will have to think, compare and draw an independent conclusion.

If a child likes to draw, then perhaps he will not want to make a mushroom cap, but draw it. Then, while drawing, we will discuss the size of the hat, and its shape (where it is convex, where it is concave, whether it is smooth or rough, extended upward like a clown’s cap or flat or curved down) and how best to depict it in the drawing, what color it is.

Listen to your heart and watch your baby - children themselves tell us what is interesting to them and what is not yet, and then it is better to hold off on this material for now. And introduce the child to him in a year, when he grows up.

The article provides materials and tasks for different ages children and miscellaneous state of the art, so that every parent and teacher can choose what is right for their children/child.

More games, exercises, pictures, riddles on the topic “Mushrooms” for children

You will find more materials for games and activities with children on the topic “Mushrooms” in the articles on the site:

Presentation with tasks on the topic “Mushrooms” for children from this article for download

You can download all pictures from this article at good resolution and quality for demonstration in presentations and printouts:

• - see here
• - or in our VKontakte group “Child development from birth to school” (see the “Documents” section on the right under the community videos, the presentation file is called “Theme mushrooms”: tema-gribi)

I wish you all success! I will be glad to see you in the section of the site, in which you will find many surprisingly interesting games, educational fairy tales in pictures and fascinating videos about the world around us for children.

See you again!

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The fairy tale tells about mushrooms that gathered in the forest on fun party. And then, frightened by the mushroom pickers, the mushrooms scattered in all directions. And they still grow like that - each under his own tree. It will be interesting to read the fairy tale with children of preschool and school age.

Tale of Mushrooms

One early July morning, mushrooms gathered in a forest clearing. Either they were having a holiday, or they just decided to have fun, but they gathered, apparently and invisibly. And who was there: red Foxes, colorful Russulas, and cheerful Boletus; came noble Borovik, even old Gruzd decided to look at the cheerful gathering.

Have fun, spin around more fun! - shouted the manager, a smart Fly Agaric, waving his colorful hat. - Ryzhiki, invite Honey mushrooms!

The Honey Honeys began to smile, they were orphans, thin, pale, long-legged, always timidly huddled together, but then, picked up by the Ryzhiks, they began to dance. And Russula, Russula! So their pink, green and red sundresses flash. With his arms akimbo, the important Borovik began to dance, even Gruzd stamped his feet so that his hat with fringed curved edges bounced. The mushrooms made noise and went wild. It is not known how long this fun would last, but suddenly somewhere in the distance a drawn-out voice was heard:

Awwwwwww!
- Uh-uh... - the forest echo picked up.
- Aw! - responded from the thicket.
- Aw! - echoed from the other end of the forest. The mushrooms stopped dead in their tracks: they knew what this “ay” meant.
- Save yourself who can! - Old Gruzd shouted and was the first to run away and hide in the grass.

Boletus, forgetting about his solidity, rushed into the thicket, climbed under a spruce and hid.

Fathers! Mother! - Russula rushed about in panic, they scattered throughout the forest, here and there their bright sundresses flashed.

The orphans of Honeycomb with their whole family huddled against the tree stump. Those mushrooms that hid under birch trees began to be called boletus mushrooms, and those under aspen trees became called boletus mushrooms.

“You will all be lost,” whispered Champignon and ran away from the forest into the meadows. Out of fright, the eccentric Tinder climbed a tree and stayed there, taking root there.

The butterflies rushed in a crowd under the pines and spruce trees. Only Fly Agaric was not afraid and remained standing in a visible place. Fly Agaric knows that no one needs him, unless an unlucky mushroom picker, out of frustration, kicks him or knocks him over with a stick.

Since then, mushrooms have not gathered for large gatherings, but have family round dances - boletus with boletus, boletus with boletus,

I saw it myself and told you guys, just be careful! - don't give me away.

A fairy tale about mushrooms for children from the magazine “Family and School”, 1971

Chanterelles- well-recognized mushrooms common in Russia. Most often they grow in large groups, in open places in coniferous, birch and mixed forests. You can meet them from early summer to late autumn. These mushrooms got their name because of their color, similar to the color of fox fur.

Description

Among other mushrooms, chanterelles stand out because of their bright orange-yellow color, and also because their cap and stem form a single whole. The hat is smooth, maybe irregular shape, with wavy edges. Separating the skin from the pulp is not easy. The pulp itself is fleshy, whitish-yellow, tastes sour, and has the smell of dried fruit. The stem is dense, sometimes slightly lighter than the cap, narrower at the bottom than at the top. Thanks to the substances they contain, these mushrooms are never wormy.

Varieties

In addition to the common chanterelle, which is famous in our country, there are several other edible species of these mushrooms. These are faceted, which grow in North America, gray (most often found in the tropics) and velvety.

It is very important to be able to distinguish real mushroom, which is edible, from false. To do this, you need to clearly know the description of the edible mushroom.

Use in cooking

Collected chanterelles can be stored for quite a long time, so they can be transported over long distances. You can cook them different ways- boil, fry, pickle, marinate. After cooking, the sour taste disappears. They turn out the most delicious if you fry them with onions and sour cream.

In order to be able to enjoy them in winter, chanterelles are also frozen. But you shouldn’t dry them: the mushrooms turn out as hard as rubber.

Medicinal use

Chanterelles are valuable and healthy mushrooms. They contain a lot of different vitamins and microelements. They help improve vision and treat diseases such as night blindness. In addition, they are useful for liver diseases, obesity, and are used to get rid of worms. They also slow down the growth of tubercle bacilli.

Even in ancient times, chanterelle infusion was used to treat sore throats and skin abscesses. In addition, these mushrooms, unlike their counterparts, do not absorb radioactive elements from the soil and are environmentally friendly.

Thus, chanterelles are not only visually attractive, but also tasty, and, most importantly, healthy mushrooms.

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