International peacekeeping activities of the Russian Armed Forces presentation. Peacekeeping activities of the Russian armed forces
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International (peacekeeping) activities of the Armed Forces Russian Federation Presentation by the teacher-organizer of life safety of Municipal Educational Institution Lyceum No. 9 of Volgograd Aleshin Yu.G.
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Peacekeeping tasks of the RF Armed Forces One of the main tasks of the RF Armed Forces is: participation in maintaining (restoring) international peace and security, taking measures to prevent (eliminate) threats to peace, suppression of acts of aggression (violation of peace) on the basis of Decisions of the UN Security Council or other bodies authorized to make decisions in accordance with international law. Fight against terrorism; Combating piracy and ensuring the safety of navigation.
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Methods for carrying out peacekeeping activities of the RF Armed Forces Independently; In cooperation with international organizations. To carry out international peacekeeping operations under a UN mandate or a CIS mandate, the Russian Federation provides military contingents in the manner established by federal legislation and international treaties RF
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The international activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation today are inextricably linked with the conduct military reform in our country and reforming the Armed Forces. The starting point for reforming the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 16, 1997 “On priority measures to reform the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and improve their structure.” On July 31, 1997, the President approved the Concept for the development of the Armed Forces for the period until 2000. The main goal of the military reform is to ensure national interests Russia, which in the defense sector is to ensure the security of individuals, society and the state from military aggression from other states.
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Non-use of force has not yet become the norm international relations, the national interests of the Russian Federation require sufficient military power for its defense. In this regard, the most important task of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is to ensure nuclear deterrence in the interests of preventing both nuclear and conventional large-scale or regional war. Protecting the national interests of the state presupposes that the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must provide reliable defense of the country. Security interests national security Russia is predetermined by the need for Russia's military presence in some strategically important regions of the world.
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The main document that determined the creation peacekeeping forces Russia, the principles of their application and the procedure for use, is the Law of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for providing the Russian Federation with military and civilian personnel to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security” (adopted State Duma May 26, 1995). To implement this law, in May 1996, the President of the Russian Federation signed Decree No. 637 “On the formation of a special military contingent of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security.”
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In accordance with this decree, a special military contingent with a total strength of 22 thousand people, consisting of 17 motorized rifle and 4 parachute battalions, was formed in the Russian Armed Forces. In total, until May 1997, more than 10 thousand military personnel from peacekeeping units The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation carried out tasks to maintain peace and security in a number of regions - in former Yugoslavia, Tajikistan, Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Georgia.
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Regions of peacekeeping missions of the RF Armed Forces Military contingent of 500 people in the conflict zone in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova (introduced on June 23, 1992); Military contingent of 500 people in the conflict zone in South Ossetia (Georgia) (introduced on July 9, 1992) In the conflict zone in Abkhazia, military contingent of 1,600 people (introduced on June 23, 1994); Since October 1993, the 201st has been part of the Collective Peacekeeping Forces in the Republic of Tajikistan motorized rifle division Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in accordance with the Treaty between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan. The total number of this contingent was more than 6 thousand people
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Since June 11, 1999, 3,600 Russian peacekeepers have been stationed on the territory of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo (Yugoslavia); Currently, the peacekeeping contingent is performing tasks to combat international terrorism and conducting humanitarian operations in Syria. Repeatedly fulfilled the tasks of an international mission under a UN mandate in African countries(Angola, Somalia, Sierra Leone, etc.)
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Completion of control bodies, military units and units of the special military contingent is carried out on a voluntary basis through preliminary (competitive) selection of military personnel undergoing military service by contract. The training and equipment of peacekeeping forces is carried out at the expense of federal budget funds allocated for defense.
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While serving as part of a special military contingent, military personnel enjoy the status, privileges and immunities that are accorded to UN personnel during peacekeeping operations in accordance with the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, adopted by General Assembly UN on February 13, 1996, UN Security Convention of December 9, 1994, Protocol on the status of Military Observer Groups and Collective Peacekeeping Forces in the CIS of May 15, 1992.
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The personnel of the special military contingent are equipped with light small arms. When performing tasks on the territory of the CIS countries, personnel are provided with all types of allowances in accordance with the standards established in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The preparation and training of peacekeeping troops is carried out at the bases of a number of formations of the Central and Western military districts, as well as at the Higher Officer Courses “Vystrel” in the city of Solnechnogorsk (Moscow region). The CIS member states concluded an Agreement on the preparation and training of military and civilian personnel to participate in collective peacekeeping operations, the procedure for training and education was determined and training programs for all categories of military and civilian personnel allocated to the collective peacekeeping forces were approved.
Lesson 26
INTERNATIONAL (PEACEKEEPING) ACTIVITIES OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Subject: life safety.
Module 3. Ensuring the military security of the state.
Section 6. Fundamentals of state defense.
Chapter 5. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are the basis of state defense.
Lesson #26. International (peacekeeping) activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Date: "____" _____________ 20___
The lesson was taught by: teacher-organizer of life safety Khamatgaleev E. R.
Target: get acquainted with the main aspects of the international (peacekeeping) activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Progress of lessons
Class organization.
Greetings. Checking the class roster.
State the topic and purpose of the lesson.
Updating knowledge.
What are the main tasks performed by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in peacetime?
What are the main tasks that the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation solve during the period of immediate threat of aggression and in wartime?
What is new system staffing units with soldiers and sergeants?
Why, in your opinion, is the fight against terrorism included in the list of main tasks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
Checking homework.
Listening to several students' responses to homework(at the teacher's choice).
Working on new material.
The main tasks of the Russian Federation in containing and preventing military conflicts include participation in international peacekeeping activities, including under the auspices of the UN and within the framework of interaction with international (regional) organizations.
Protecting the national interests of the state presupposes that the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must provide reliable defense of the country. At the same time, the Armed Forces must ensure that the Russian Federation carries out peacekeeping activities both independently and in cooperation with international organizations.
The Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation (2010) states that the tasks of military-political cooperation of the Russian Federation include the development of relations with international organizations to prevent conflict situations, preserve and strengthen peace in various regions, including with the participation of Russian military contingents in peacekeeping operations.
To carry out peacekeeping operations under a UN mandate or under a CIS mandate, the Russian Federation provides military contingents in the manner established by federal legislation and international treaties of the Russian Federation.
Thus, at present, the Armed Forces are considered by the country's leadership as a deterrent, as a last resort used in cases where the use of peaceful means has not led to the elimination of a military threat to the interests of the country. Fulfilling Russia's international obligations to participate in peacekeeping operations is considered a new task for the Armed Forces to maintain peace.
IN last years military personnel from the peacekeeping units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation carried out tasks to maintain peace and security in four regions: Sierra Leone, the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. For example, on the territory of Abkhazia, Russian peacekeepers cleared the territory, restored life support facilities for the population, and checked technical condition railways, and also repaired roads. Russian peacekeeping doctors provided significant assistance to representatives of the local population on numerous occasions.
Currently, the military formation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is taking part in the UN peacekeeping mission in Sudan.
In order to prepare military personnel of the Russian army to participate in operations to maintain international peace and security, the 15th separate motorized rifle brigade was formed. Its fighters can be part of peacekeeping contingents by decision of the President of the Russian Federation and in the interests of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the UN, the OSCE, the Russia-NATO Council and, if necessary, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
Recruitment of administrative bodies, military units and units of special military contingents is carried out on a voluntary basis based on the preliminary (competitive) selection of military personnel undergoing military service under a contract. The training and equipment of peacekeeping forces is carried out at the expense of federal budget funds allocated for defense.
While serving as part of a special military contingent, military personnel enjoy the status, privileges and immunities that are granted to UN personnel during peacekeeping operations in accordance with the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, adopted by the UN General Assembly on February 13, 1996, the Convention on UN Security of December 9, 1994, Protocol on the status of Military Observer Groups and Collective Peacekeeping Forces in the CIS of May 15, 1992.
The CIS member states concluded an Agreement on the preparation and training of military and civilian personnel to participate in collective peacekeeping operations, determined the procedure for training and education, and approved training programs for all categories of military and civilian personnel assigned to collective peacekeeping forces.
The international activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include joint exercises, friendly visits and other events aimed at strengthening common world and mutual understanding.
In accordance with the agreement between the governments of the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of Norway “On cooperation in searching for missing people and rescuing people in distress in the Barents Sea,” the joint Russian-Norwegian exercise “Barents 2008” was held in September 2008. On the Russian side, a rescue tug vessel of the Northern Fleet and an Air Force aircraft of the Northern Fleet took part in the exercise.
Conclusions.
Through its participation in peacekeeping operations, the Russian Federation contributes to the prevention of crisis situations at the stage of their inception.
A special military contingent of peacekeepers has been formed in the Russian Federation.
The international activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include activities aimed at strengthening common peace and mutual understanding.
Questions.
What is the significance and role of the international activities of the Russian Armed Forces?
What is the legal basis for peacekeeping activities of the Russian Armed Forces?
Tasks.
Prepare a message on the topic “Status of military personnel in the Russian peacekeeping forces.”
Using the "Additional Materials" section, the tools mass media and Internet materials, prepare reports on one of the topics: “Actions of the Russian peacekeeping contingent in Kosovo (in the territory of the former Yugoslavia)”, “Actions of the Russian peacekeeping contingent in the territory of South Ossetia in August 2008.”
Additional materials to §26.
Use of Russian peacekeepers
The military contingent was introduced into the conflict zone in South Ossetia on July 9, 1992 on the basis of the Dagomys Agreement between the Russian Federation and Georgia to resolve the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. The total number of this contingent was more than 500 people.
In August 2008, Russian peacekeepers took part in repelling the illegal invasion of the territory of South Ossetia by the Georgian armed forces.
The invasion of South Ossetian territory began on the morning of August 9. Targeted air strikes were carried out at the locations where our peacekeepers were deployed. Georgian tanks and motorized infantry burst into the streets of the administrative center of South Ossetia - the city of Tskhinvali. The forces of Russian peacekeepers and South Ossetian units repelled several attacks by the aggressor.
On the same day, a decision was made to provide assistance to peacekeepers and Russian citizens living in South Ossetia, who were subject to virtual destruction. The forces and means of Russian peacekeepers have been strengthened. Peacekeeping group Russian troops carried out an operation to suppress Georgia's aggression against South Ossetia. The task set - to ensure peace in this region - was successfully completed.
Since October 1993, the 201st Motorized Rifle Division of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has been part of the Collective Peacekeeping Forces in the Republic of Tajikistan in accordance with the Treaty between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan. The total number of this contingent was more than 6 thousand people.
Since June 11, 1999, Russian peacekeepers have been stationed on the territory of the autonomous region of Kosovo (Yugoslavia), where in the late 90s. A serious armed confrontation arose between the Serbs and Albanians. The number of Russian contingents was 3,600 people. Russian peacekeepers were in Kosovo until August 1, 2003. The separate sector occupied by the Russians in Kosovo gave the Russian Federation equal rights in resolving this international conflict with the five leading NATO countries (USA, UK, Germany, France, Italy).
In the African republic of Sierra Leone in 2000-2005. There was a Russian peacekeeping contingent for aviation support of the UN mission. The contingent's tasks included air escort and cover for columns of UN troops and humanitarian convoys. The number of contingents was 115 people.
The Russian Federation bears a special responsibility for maintaining security in the CIS space. Thus, in Transnistria, in order to peacefully resolve the armed conflict and on the basis of the relevant agreement, joint peacekeeping forces of Russia and Moldova are still present.
End of lesson.
Homework. Prepare for retelling §26 “International (peacekeeping) activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” (pp. 128-131); complete tasks 1 and 2 (section “Tasks”, p. 130).
Giving and commenting on ratings.
1.2. International peacekeeping activities Sun RF
According to official UN data, by the mid-90s, during major post-war conflicts, the death toll exceeded 20 million people, more than 6 million were maimed, 17 million refugees, 20 million displaced people, and these numbers continue to grow.
From the above it is clear that at the present stage the world community is faced with a serious danger of being drawn into the verses of numerous, unpredictable in their consequences, difficult to control armed conflicts on a different basis, which is a destabilizing factor in the progress of society and requires additional efforts of states in the field of internal and external politics, because any conflict, in its essence, poses a threat to any states and peoples. In this regard, international peacekeeping activities have in recent years become one of the priority areas of foreign and domestic policy many states.
The practical participation of Russia (USSR) in UN peacekeeping operations began in October 1973, when the first group of UN military observers was sent to the Middle East.
Since 1991, Russia's participation in these operations has intensified: in April, after the end of the Gulf War, a group of Russian military observers (ROM) of the UN was sent to the Iraq-Kuwait border area, and in September to Western Sahara. Since the beginning of 1992, the scope of our military observers has expanded to Yugoslavia, Cambodia and Mozambique, and in January 1994 - to Rwanda. In October 1994, a UN RVN group was sent to Georgia, in February 1995 - to Angola, in March 1997 to Guatemala, in May 1998 - to Sierra Leone, in July 1999 - to East Timor, in November 1999 - to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Currently, peacekeeping operations carried out under the auspices of the UN involve ten groups of Russian military observers and UN staff officers totaling up to 70 people in the Middle East (Lebanon), on the Iraq-Kuwait border, in Western Sahara, in the former Yugoslavia, in Georgia, Sierra Leone, East Timor, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The main tasks of military observers are to monitor the implementation of armistice agreements, ceasefire between the warring parties, as well as to prevent, through their presence without the right to use force, possible violations of accepted agreements and understandings of the conflicting parties.
In April 1992, for the first time in the history of Russian peacekeeping activities, on the basis of resolution N743 of the UN Security Council and after completing the necessary internal procedures (decision of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation), a Russian infantry battalion of 900 people was sent to the former Yugoslavia, which in January 1994 reinforced with personnel and BTR-80 armored personnel carriers.
In accordance with the political decision of the Russian leadership, part of the forces of the Russian contingent of the UN forces in February 1994 was redeployed to the Sarajevo area and, after appropriate reinforcement, was transformed into a second battalion (numbering up to 500 people). The main task of this battalion was to ensure the separation of the parties (Bosnian Serbs and Muslims) and monitor compliance with the ceasefire agreement.
In connection with the transfer of powers from the UN to NATO in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Sarajevo sector battalion stopped performing peacekeeping tasks in January 1996 and was withdrawn to Russian territory.
In accordance with the decision of the UN Security Council to end the UN mission in Eastern Slovenia from January 15, 1998, the Russian infantry battalion (up to 950 people), which carried out the tasks of separating the parties (Serbs and Croats), was withdrawn in January. from Croatia to Russian territory.
In June 1995, a Russian peacekeeping unit appeared on the African continent.
In August 2000, a Russian aviation unit was again sent to the African continent as part of the UN peacekeeping mission in Sierra Leone. This is a Russian aviation group consisting of 4 Mi-24 helicopters and up to 115 personnel.
Russia bears the main material costs with the participation of a special military contingent of the Russian Armed Forces in activities to maintain international peace and security in zones of armed conflicts on the territory of the CIS member states.
Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova. The military contingent was introduced into the conflict zone from 23.7 and from 31.8.1992 on the basis of the Moldavian-Russian agreement on the principles of the peaceful settlement of the armed conflict in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova dated 21.7.1992.
The main task is to monitor compliance with the terms of the truce and assist in maintaining law and order.
South Ossetia. The military contingent was introduced into the conflict zone on July 9, 1992 on the basis of the Georgian-Russian Dagomys Agreement of 24.6. 1992 on the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
The main task is to ensure control over the ceasefire, the withdrawal of armed formations, the dissolution of self-defense forces and ensuring the security regime in the control zone.
Abkhazia. The military contingent was introduced into the zone of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict on June 23, 1994 on the basis of the Agreement on Ceasefire and Separation of Forces of May 14, 1994.
The main tasks are blocking the conflict area, monitoring the withdrawal of troops and their disarmament, protecting important facilities and communications, escorting humanitarian cargo, and others.
Tajikistan. 201 honey units with reinforcement equipment became part of the CIS Collective Peacekeeping Forces in October 1993 on the basis of the Agreement between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan on cooperation in the military field dated May 25, 1993. Agreement of the Council of Heads of State of the Commonwealth of Independent States on Collective Peacekeeping Forces and joint measures for their logistical support.
The main tasks are assistance in normalizing the situation on the Tajik-Afghan border, protecting vital facilities and others.
“History of the RF Armed Forces” - A set of events. The onslaught of German troops. Russian Federation. The main content of the reforms. The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 was the greatest test. Lesson plan. October Revolution of 1917. Red Guard. Military reforms during the Patriotic War. The structure of the state is changing, political system, policy.
“The history of the creation of the Russian Armed Forces” - Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation. The need for another military reform. Counter-terrorism operations. January 27 is the day the blockade of Leningrad was lifted (1944). Soviet soldiers paved the “Road of Life” along the ice of Lake Ladoga. Concepts of national security of the Russian Federation. General battle. Creation of a regular army.
“Structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” - Troops air defense. Emblem ground forces. Flag of the Space Forces. Air Force. Space Forces. Flag of the ground forces. Naval aviation. Strategic Missile Forces. Branch of the ground forces. Structure of the RF Armed Forces. Surface ships. Fighter aircraft. Airborne troops. Air Force structure. Composition of the Navy.
“Quiz about the army” - The names of which commanders and military commanders of the Great Patriotic War You know. Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov. What were the names of the first Russian warriors? Russian designer, Lieutenant General. Alexander Nevskiy. Name the names of Russian commanders and military leaders. What military ranks exist in the modern army.
"Military-industrial enterprises of Russia" - Total industrial enterprises. An idea of the role of the military-industrial complex in the economy. Composition of the military-industrial complex. Attitude towards arms exports. Military-industrial complex. Message on the topic “The military-industrial complex in Russia.” Conversion. Factors of military-industrial complex placement. Production centers. Geography of military-industrial complex enterprises. Instrumentation. What is the military industrial complex.
"Russian Armed Forces" - Naval Intelligence. " Modern organization armed forces." Mathematics in the service of the army. "Armed forces during the Second World War." Math quiz. Alexey Nikolaevich Krylov is a Russian shipbuilder, mechanic, etc. Special task. Bridge over river. Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh is a Russian mathematician and mechanic.
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Introduction
1. International activities of the RF Armed Forces
2. Peacekeeping operations
3. Operation in the former Yugoslavia
4. On the status of military personnel
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction
The nature of international relations depends on many various factors, one of which is the international activities of the Armed Forces. The main goal of this activity is to ensure the national interests of Russia, which in the defense sector are to ensure the security of individuals, society and the state from military aggression from other states.
Protecting the country’s national interests involves both reliable security of citizens and independent peacekeeping activities to avoid conflicts, being present in strategically important points of the world if necessary.
On this moment The Armed Forces are a last resort used in cases where a military threat could not be avoided peacefully, since there is constant tension in relations between the leading powers in the world
1. International (peacekeeping) activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
armed forces of the Russian Federation
The international activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation today are inextricably linked with the implementation of military reform in our country and the reform of the Armed Forces.
As you know, the starting point for reforming the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 16, 1997 “On priority measures to reform the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and improve their structure.” On July 31, 1997, the President approved the Concept for the development of the Armed Forces for the period until 2000.
Military reform is based on a solid theoretical basis, the results of calculations, taking into account the changes that took place in the early 90s. in the geopolitical situation in the world, the nature of international relations and the changes that have occurred in Russia itself. The main goal of military reform is to ensure Russia's national interests, which in the defense sphere are to ensure the security of individuals, society and the state from military aggression from other states.
Currently, to prevent war and armed conflicts in the Russian Federation, preference is given to political, economic and other non-military means. At the same time, it is taken into account that, while the non-use of force has not yet become the norm of international relations, the national interests of the Russian Federation require sufficient military power for its defense.
In this regard, the most important task of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is to ensure nuclear deterrence in the interests of preventing both nuclear and conventional large-scale or regional war.
Protecting the national interests of the state presupposes that the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must provide reliable defense of the country. At the same time, the Armed Forces must ensure that the Russian Federation carries out peacekeeping activities both independently and as part of international organizations. The interests of ensuring Russia's national security predetermine the need for Russia's military presence in some strategically important regions of the world.
Long-term goals of ensuring Russia's national security also determine the need for Russia's broad participation in peacekeeping operations. The implementation of such operations is aimed at preventing or eliminating crisis situations at the stage of their inception.
Thus, at present, the Armed Forces are considered by the country's leadership as a deterrent, as a last resort used in cases where the use of peaceful means has not led to the elimination of a military threat to the interests of the country.
The main document that determined the creation of Russian peacekeeping forces, the principles of their use and the procedure for using them is the Law of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for providing the Russian Federation with military and civilian personnel to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security” (adopted by the State Duma on May 26, 1995 .).
To implement this law, in May 1996, the President of the Russian Federation signed Decree No. 637 “On the formation of a special military contingent of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security.”
2. Peacekeepingoperations
In accordance with this decree, a special military contingent with a total strength of 22 thousand people, consisting of 17 motorized rifle and 4 parachute battalions, was formed in the Russian Armed Forces.
In total, until April 2002, one thousand military personnel from the peacekeeping units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation carried out tasks to maintain peace and security in two regions - the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova, Abkhazia.
The military contingent was introduced into the conflict zone in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova on June 23, 1992 on the basis of the Agreement between the Republic of Moldova and the Russian Federation on the principles of the peaceful settlement of the armed conflict in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova. The total number of peacekeeping troops was about 500 people.
On March 20, 1998, negotiations were held in Odessa to resolve the Transnistrian conflict with the participation of Russian, Ukrainian, Moldavian and Transnistrian delegations.
The military contingent was introduced into the conflict zone in South Ossetia (Georgia) on July 9, 1992 on the basis of the Dagomys Agreement between the Russian Federation and Georgia on the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. The total number of this contingent was more than 500 people.
The military contingent was introduced into the conflict zone in Abkhazia on June 23, 1994 on the basis of the Agreement on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces. The total number of this contingent was about 1,600 people.
Since October 1993, the 201st Motorized Rifle Division of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has been part of the Collective Peacekeeping Forces in the Republic of Tajikistan in accordance with the Treaty between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan. The total number of this contingent was more than 6 thousand people.
Since June 11, 1999, Russian peacekeepers have been on the territory of the autonomous region of Kosovo (Yugoslavia), where in the late 90s. A serious armed confrontation arose between the Serbs and Albanians. The number of Russian contingents was 3,600 people. A separate sector occupied by Russians in Kosovo gave the Russian Federation equal rights in resolving this issue. ethnic conflict with the five leading NATO countries (USA, UK, Germany, France, Italy).
Recruitment of administrative bodies, military units and units of special military contingents is carried out on a voluntary basis based on the preliminary (competitive) selection of military personnel undergoing military service under a contract. The training and equipment of peacekeeping forces is carried out at the expense of federal budget funds allocated for defense.
While serving as part of a special military contingent, military personnel enjoy status, privileges and immunity. Privileges are granted to UN personnel during peacekeeping operations in accordance with the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, adopted by the UN General Assembly on February 13, 1996. Also, the UN Security Convention of December 9, 1994, the Protocol on the Status of Military Observer Groups and Collective Peacekeeping Forces in the CIS dated May 15, 1992.
The personnel of the special military contingent are equipped with small arms. When performing tasks on the territory of the CIS countries, personnel are provided with all types of allowances in accordance with the standards established in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The preparation and training of peacekeeping troops is carried out at the bases of a number of formations of the Leningrad and Volga-Ural military districts, as well as at the Higher Officer Courses “Vystrel” in the city of Solnechnogorsk (Moscow region).
The CIS member states concluded an Agreement on the preparation and training of military and civilian personnel to participate in collective peacekeeping operations, determined the procedure for training and education, and approved training programs for all categories of military and civilian personnel assigned to collective peacekeeping forces.
The international activities of the Russian Armed Forces include joint exercises, friendly visits and other events aimed at strengthening common peace and mutual understanding.
On August 7-11, 2000, the joint Russian-Moldovan peacekeeping exercise “Blue Shield” was held.
3. Operation in the former Yugoslavia
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation have been participating in the operation of multinational forces since April 1992 in accordance with UN Security Council Resolutions No. 743 of February 26, 1992 and June 10, 1999 No. 1244. Currently, the Russian military contingent is taking part in peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and in the autonomous region of Kosovo of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The main tasks of Russian peacekeepers:
Preventing the resumption of hostilities;
Creating security conditions for the return of refugees and displaced persons;
Ensuring public safety;
Supervision of mine clearance;
Support, if necessary, an international civil presence;
Perform border control duties as required;
Ensuring the protection and freedom of movement of its forces, the international civilian presence and the personnel of other international organizations.
4. On the status of military personnel
On the status of military personnel taking part in peacekeeping operations.
The legal status of military personnel taking part in peacekeeping operations is complex nature. It is governed by a set of legal principles and norms belonging to different legal systems and having different legal nature.
IN legal status military personnel reflects its specificity primarily as an integral part of a functional interstate mechanism - an international organization. The main legal basis for regulating the activities of international organizations and their employees is the international legal framework, the form is international legal principles and norms. In this regard, the status of the personnel is primarily international in nature and limited to functional boundaries.
A peculiarity of the legal status of military personnel taking part in peacekeeping operations is that they do not enter service with the United Nations, they do not become UN personnel as such. The military personnel are temporarily assigned to the UN peacekeeping mission.
After the secondment of citizens of one state to serve in a body of an international organization located on the territory of another state, legal relations remain and arise between the employees and these states. Military personnel remain and become participants in legal relations that are regulated by the norms of the relevant national legal systems.
Besides, international organization, the activities of which are subordinated to the will of the member states, are endowed by the member states with a certain independence in order to achieve their goals. The independence of the organization is embodied in the functional right of subjectivity and is materialized through functional competence, in particular, to create rules of law, including those regulating the activities of personnel. These norms have unconditional legal binding, however, they are not international legal, they have a special legal nature and sources.
From the above it follows that all norms and principles governing the legal status of personnel can be divided according to the nature of their sources and belong to:
1) to the standards international law contained in the charters of the UN and its specialized agencies, in special agreements, in acts of organizations and other international legal acts;
2) to norms that have intrastate origins, contained in acts of certain internal authorities of the country of residence, transit, or business trip.
3) to the norms of the so-called internal UN law, created and applied within the organization;
4) to norms that have domestic sources, contained in acts of certain domestic bodies.
Heterogeneous character legal regulation the status of military personnel taking part in UN peacekeeping operations reflects the specific legal status of such military personnel as a special category of participants in international legal relations. This specificity led to the determination of the sources of norms on the legal status of personnel and thereby the features of its regulation in various legal fields.
Currently, the active participation of Russian citizens in the peacekeeping efforts of the world community requires the development of a “Status of participant in peacekeeping operations” that meets international legal norms, which would define legal rights and obligations and provide social guarantees for all participants in this process.
Conclusion
Summarizing the above, we can conclude that in modern conditions The greatest threat to international peace and security, both at the regional level and on a global scale, is represented by armed conflicts, which must be resolved primarily by political means and only, as a last resort, by conducting peacekeeping operations. However, it should be noted that not a single peacekeeping action will bring the desired result if there is no political will and desire of the warring parties to resolve the contradictions themselves.
As for the prospects for Russia’s participation in peacekeeping activities, they are eloquently evidenced by the fact that if in the first 40 years of its existence the UN carried out 13 peacekeeping operations, then since 1988 28 new operations have been initiated.
Of particular note is the organization of peacekeeping activities with CIS member countries. Commonwealth as regional organization, which has taken on the functions of ensuring international peace and security, opens up new horizons for the development of peacekeeping.
For newly formed states emerging from former USSR, peacekeeping is becoming one of the main forms of conflict resolution policy in the post-Soviet space. Unresolved national, territorial and other problems, mutual claims, led to the development of well-known events in the Dnieper region, Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Tajikistan, and North Ossetia.
Bibliography
1. Smirnov A. T., Fundamentals of life safety: Textbook. for 11th grade students. general education institutions / A. T. Smirnov, B. I. Mishin, V. A. Vasnev. - 3rd ed. - M.: Education, 2002. - 159 p. - ill.
2. Syunkova V. Ya., Fundamentals of life safety: Textbook. For students 10-11 grades. general education Institutions / V. Ya. Syunkova. - M., 1998;
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