The poetics of the novels by A.–F. Prevost “The History of the Chevalier de Grieux and Manon Lescaut” and P.F. A
Antoine Francois Prevost, abbot (also Prevost d'Exile; 1697-1763) - French novelist, one of the largest French writers of the 18th century.
Participated in the scientific works of the Benedictines; one of the volumes of the collection “Gallia Christiana” (“History of Christianity in Gaul”) was written almost entirely by him. In 1728 he fled from the monastery and was forced to hide, leaving France. He lived either in England or in Holland, doing literary work. In Holland he published the novel “Memoires d`un homme de qualite...” (“Notes and adventures of a noble man who retired from the world”, 1728-32); in England, he undertook the publication of the weekly magazine “Le Pour et le Contre” (“Pros and Cons”, 1733-1740) - a collection of notes, stories, anecdotes, critical articles, where the most famous of his works appeared: the novels “The History of Cleveland, a side son of Cromwell, or the English philosopher" (“Histoire de M. Cleveland, fils naturel de Cromwell, philosophe anglais”, 1732-39), “The Abbot of Killerine” (“Le Doyen de Killerine”, 1735), “The History of the Chevalier de Grieux and Manon Lescaut" ("Histoirie du chevalier de Grieux et de Manon Lescaut"). In 1746, after returning to France, he began, on the advice of Chancellor d'Aguesso, to compile a study on history geographical discoveries under the title "Histoire generale des voyages" (" The World History travel"). The first seven volumes of this work are a translation of the unfinished work of the Englishman D. Greene, the others were written by Prevost himself. The novel about sea adventures “Voyages du capitaine Robert Lade...” (“The Travels of Captain Robert Lade”, 1745) is also translated from English.
Prevost's great novels were translated into Russian in the 18th century. “The story of wanderings in general along all the edges of the earth’s circle” (in 22 parts), translated by M. I. Verevkin, was published in Moscow, in the printing house of N. Novikov in 1782-1787.
Mikhail IvanovichVerevkin(1732-1795) - Russian playwright, translator, corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences (1782), member Russian Academy(1785). He wrote and published the comedies “So It Should Be” (1773), “Birthday Boys” (1774), “Exactly” (composed in 1774, published in 1785) and a number of other works. Catherine II entrusted M.I. Verevkin with the translation of foreign books to the account of the H.I.V. Cabinet. By the highest order of 1776, not only translations, but also Verevkin’s works, while remaining his property, were printed at the expense of the Cabinet of His Highness. at the University Printing House and the Printing House of the St. Petersburg Mining Institute, and from 1791 at the Academic Printing House, albeit on less favorable terms.
M. I. Verevkin’s translation of A. F. Prevost’s “General Narrative of Travel” was partially published (vols. 1-4) in 1777-1781, and in full (parts 1-22) - in 1782-1787, under the title “The story of travels in general throughout all countries of the earth’s circle...”
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Prevost d'Exile A.-F. A World History of Travel, or a New Collection of all the Stories of Travel by Sea and Land which have been Published Hitherto on different languages of all known nations, containing the morals and customs of the inhabitants, information about their religion, government, sciences and arts, trade and industry, in order to form a complete and systematic picture of modern history and geography that would reflect current state all peoples; enriched geographical maps, compiled from recent observations and more accurate, as well as plans and panoramas; as well as images of animals, plants, costumes, antiquities, etc. A new edition, with a revision of the primary sources, which not only included additions and significant amendments, but even inserted several new maps and engravings made under the direction of J. van der Schlei... |
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Prevost d'Exile A.-F. A general narrative of travel, or a New collection of all the news about wanderings by water and on the motherland, published until now in different languages of the peoples known to us, containing the most worthy notes, the most useful and clearly proven in its authenticity, about the lands to which travelers reached. With the meaning of: morals, faiths, customs, arts, sciences, trade, handicrafts, inhabitants. In the compilation of a complete historical and geographical system of recent times, the present state of all peoples and with the inclusion of geographical drawings and drawings. T. 3. [The first travels of the British to Guinea and East India]. Printed in Paris with the will and approval of the royal 1749; into the Russian language, with the highest permission, translated in Tver in 1779 [by Mikhail Verevkin]. - [M.], type. Imp. Moscow un-ta, (). |
Demidov Nikita Akinfievich(1724-1789) - Russian industrialist, philanthropist, collector, landowner. Younger son Akinfiya Demidova.
He was distinguished by his love of science and patronized scientists and artists. He was the first of the Demidovs to begin collecting a collection of artistic and historical values. He published the “Journal of Travel to Foreign Lands” (1766), in which there are many correct comments indicating the author’s broad powers of observation. He was in correspondence with Voltaire; in 1779 he established a prize-medal “for success in mechanics” at the Academy of Arts. Marillier Clément-Pierre– one of the best professional illustrators in Paris in the last third of the 18th century. He took part in illustrating several dozen editions of various books, usually fiction, earning himself a reputation as a master of elegant decorative compositions. Marillier's work is characterized by a combination of rocaille and neoclassical artistic traditions.
D "Exile Antoine Francois (1697-1763), fr. writer, abbot P.'s famous novel "The History of the Chevalier des Grieux and Manon Lescaut" (1733) is dedicated to the theme of the tragic love of a nobleman and a courtesan. The first edition of the novel caused such a storm of indignation on the part of the aristocrats and clergy that in 1734 the edition of the book was confiscated and publicly burned.
(Source: Dictionary of Sexual Terms)
Synonyms:See what “Prevost” is in other dictionaries:
Surname Prevost (French Prévost) surname. Notable speakers: Prévost, André (1934 2001) Canadian composer. Prevost, Andre French tennis player, summer bronze medalist Olympic Games 1900. Prevost, Antoine Francois (1697... ... Wikipedia
- (from Latin praepositus chief) official in France 11th-18th centuries. Since the 11th century, provost has been the name of a royal official who had judicial, fiscal and military powers within the administrative judicial district, which was divided into... ... Political science. Dictionary.
- (French, from Latin praepositus foreman, a person placed in charge of something). An ancient French name for certain persons in judicial administration. Dictionary foreign words, included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. PREVO actually... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
provost- uncl., m. prévôt m. In France 11th-18th centuries. royal official who held until the 15th century. in the administrative judicial district under his jurisdiction, judicial, fiscal and military powers, since the 15th century he performed only judicial functions. SES. He is King Philip... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
- (from Latin praepositus chief) in France 11th-18th centuries. royal official who held until the 15th century. in the administrative judicial district under his jurisdiction by judicial, fiscal and military authorities, from the 15th century. performed only judicial functions... Big encyclopedic Dictionary
- [re], uncl., m... Russian word stress
- (French prévôt, from Latin praepositus chief), in France in the 11th–18th centuries. royal official who held until the 15th century. in the administrative judicial district under his jurisdiction by judicial, fiscal and military authorities, from the 15th century. performed only judicial... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Noun, number of synonyms: 1 official (80) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary
D Exile (Antoine Francois Prevost d Exiles) wonderful French. writer (1697 1763), son of the king's attorney; even as a child he attracted attention with his brilliant abilities; For 16 years he was a novice with the Jesuits. then moved to military service … Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
Prevost- (from Latin praepositus chief; French prevot) in medieval France an official, initially the ruler of a seigneur in the entire seigneury or a separate part of it. From the 11th century (when the royal domain was divided into prevostships) P. royal official, ... ... Encyclopedia of Law
I Prevost d Exiles Antoine Francois (1.4.1697, Eden, Artois, 25.11.1763, Courteuil, near Chantilly), French writer. In 1713 he graduated from the Jesuit college and later became an abbot. In the novels “Notes and Adventures of a Noble Man... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Books
- The story of travels in general to all the edges of the earth's circle, the works of M. Prevost, abridged by the latest arrangement through M. La Harpe, a member of the French Academy. Part 1., Prevost, The book is a reprint edition of 1782. Despite the fact that serious work has been done to restore the original quality of the publication, some pages may... Category: Library Science Publisher: Book on Demand, Manufacturer: Book on Demand,
- Abbot Prevost. Manon Lescaut. Choderlos de Laclos. Dangerous Liaisons, Abbé Prevost. Choderlos de Laclos, Without dust jacket. The book contains two masterpieces of French prose of the 18th century, which are brought together by the fact that each of the writers (Abbé Prévost and Choderlos de Laclos) became famous as an author... Category: Classic and modern prose Series: Library of World Literature Publisher:
The story takes place during the Regency era (1715−1723), when the morals of French society were characterized by extreme freedom. Under the cheerful and frivolous regent Philippe d'Orleans, France immediately began to react to the "lenten" spirit that reigned under the elderly king. French society breathed more freely and gave free rein to its thirst for life, fun, and pleasure. In his work, Abbe Prevost treats the theme of fatal, all-consuming love.
By the will of the writer, the story is told on behalf of the gentleman des Grieux. At the age of seventeen the young man completes the course philosophical sciences in Amiens. Thanks to his origin (his parents belong to one of the most noble families of P.), brilliant abilities and attractive appearance, he wins over people and acquires a true devoted friend at the seminary - Tiberzh, who is several years older than our hero. Coming from poor family, Tiberzh is forced to accept ordination and remain in Amiens to study theology. Des Grieux, having passed the exams with honors, was going to return to his father to continue his studies at the Academy. But fate decreed otherwise. On the eve of parting with the city and saying goodbye to his friend, a young man meets him on the street beautiful stranger and starts a conversation with her. It turns out that the girl’s parents decided to send her to a monastery in order to curb her penchant for pleasure, so she is looking for a way to regain her freedom and will be grateful to anyone who will help her with this. Des Grieux is overcome by the charm of the stranger and readily offers his services. After some deliberation, the young people find no other way but to escape. The plan is simple: they will have to deceive the vigilance of the guide assigned to watch Manon Lescaut (that is the name of the stranger), and head straight to Paris, where, at the request of both lovers, the wedding will take place immediately. Tiberge, privy to his friend's secret, does not approve of his intentions and tries to stop de Grieux, but it is too late: the young man is in love and is ready for the most decisive actions. Early in the morning, he delivers a carriage to the hotel where Manon is staying, and the fugitives leave the city. The desire to get married was forgotten in Saint-Denis, where the lovers broke the laws of the church and became spouses without any hesitation.
In Paris, our heroes rent furnished rooms; des Grieux, filled with passion, forgot to think about how upset his father was by his absence. But one day, returning home earlier than usual, des Grieux learns about Manon’s betrayal. The famous tax farmer, Monsieur de B., who lived next door, was probably not paying the girl a visit for the first time in his absence. The shocked young man, barely coming to his senses, hears a knock on the door, opens it and falls into the arms of his father’s lackeys, who are ordered to deliver the prodigal son home. In the carriage, the poor man is at a loss: who betrayed him, how did his father know where he was? At home, his father tells him that M. de B., having struck up a close acquaintance with Manon and learned who her lover is, decides to get rid of his rival and in a letter to his father reports about the young man’s dissolute lifestyle, making it clear that drastic measures are necessary. Thus, Mr. B... provides Father des Grieux with a treacherous and disinterested service. The Cavalier des Grieux loses consciousness from what he heard, and when he wakes up, he begs his father to let him go to Paris to his beloved, since it is impossible for Manon to cheat on him and give her heart to another. But the young man has to spend a whole six months under the strict supervision of servants, while the father, seeing his son in constant melancholy, supplies him with books that help calm his rebellious soul a little. All the feelings of a lover come down to alternating hatred and love, hope and despair - depending on the form in which the image of his beloved is drawn to him. One day Tiberj visits a friend, cleverly flatters his good character and persuades him to think about giving up worldly pleasures and taking monastic vows. Friends go to Paris, and de Grieux begins to study theology. He shows extraordinary zeal, and soon he is congratulated on his future rank. Our hero spent about a year in Paris without trying to find out anything about Manon; This was difficult at first, but Tiberj’s constant support and his own reflections contributed to victory over himself. Last months studies proceeded so calmly that it seemed that just a little more - and this captivating and insidious creature would be forgotten forever. But after an exam at the Sorbonne, “covered with glory and showered with congratulations,” de Grieux unexpectedly visits Manon. The girl was eighteen years old, she became even more dazzling in her beauty. She begs to forgive her and return her love, without which life is meaningless. Touching repentance and oaths of fidelity softened the heart of de Grieux, who immediately forgot about his life plans, about the desire for fame, wealth - in a word, about all the benefits worthy of contempt if they are not associated with his beloved.
Our hero follows Manon again, and now Chaillot, a village near Paris, becomes the haven of lovers. Over two years of communication with B... Manon managed to extract about sixty thousand francs from him, on which the young people intend to live comfortably for several years. This is the only source of their existence, since the girl is not from a noble family and she has nowhere else to expect money from, and des Grieux does not hope for the support of her father, since he cannot forgive him for his connection with Manon. Trouble comes suddenly: a house in Chaillot burned down, and during the fire a chest of money disappeared. Poverty is the least of the challenges awaiting de Grieux. Manon cannot be counted on in times of trouble: she loves luxury and pleasure too much to sacrifice them. Therefore, in order not to lose his beloved, he decides to hide the missing money from her and borrow it from Tiberge for the first time. A devoted friend encourages and consoles our hero, insists on breaking up with Manon and without hesitation, although he is not rich himself, gives des Grieux the necessary amount of money.
Manon introduces his lover to his brother, who serves in the king’s guard, and Monsieur Lescaut persuades de Grieux to try his luck at the gambling table, promising, for his part, to teach him all the necessary techniques and tricks. Despite all his disgust for deception, cruel necessity forces the young man to agree. Exceptional dexterity increased his fortune so quickly that two months later he rented a furnished house in Paris and began a carefree, luxurious life. Tiberzh, who constantly visits his friend, tries to reason with him and warn him against new misfortunes, since he is sure that the ill-gotten wealth will soon disappear without a trace. Tiberge's fears were not in vain. The servants, from whom their income was not hidden, took advantage of the gullibility of their owners and robbed them. Ruin leads the lovers to despair, but des Grieux is even more horrified by Manon’s brother’s proposal. He talks about Mr. de G... M., an old sensualist who pays for his pleasures without sparing money, and Lesko advises his sister to come to him for support. But the cunning Manon comes up with more interesting option enrichment. The old red tape invites the girl to dinner, where he promises to give her half of her annual allowance. Charming lady asks if she can bring her boyfriend to dinner younger brother(referring to de Grieux), and, having received consent, rejoices. As soon as at the end of the evening, having already handed over the money, the old man started talking about his love impatience, the girl and her “brother” were blown away by the wind. Mr. de G... M... realized that he had been fooled and had both swindlers arrested. Des Grieux found himself in the Saint-Lazare prison, where he suffered terribly from humiliation; the young man is unable to think about anything for a whole week except his dishonor and the shame that he brought upon the whole family. Manon's absence, anxiety about her fate, fear of never seeing her again were the main subject of the prisoner's sad thoughts. When de Grieux learns that his beloved is in the Asylum (a place of detention for public women), he becomes furious and decides to escape from prisons. With the assistance of Mr. Lesko, our hero finds himself free and begins to find ways to free his beloved. Pretending to be a foreigner, he asks the gatekeeper of the Shelter about the rules there, and also asks to characterize the authorities. Having learned that the boss has an adult son, de Grieux meets with him and, hoping for his support, tells the whole story of his relationship with Manon. Mr. de T... is touched by the frankness and sincerity of the stranger, but the only thing he can do for him for now is to give him the pleasure of seeing the girl; everything else is not in his power. The joy of the meeting of lovers who had experienced a three-month separation, their endless tenderness for each other, touched the servant of the Shelter, and he wanted to help the unfortunate. After consulting with de T. about the details of the escape, de Grieux frees Manon the next day, and the shelter guard remains as his servant.
On the same night, Brother Manon dies. He robbed one of his friends at the card table, and he asked to lend him half of the lost amount. The squabble that arose over this turned into a fierce quarrel and subsequently into murder. The young arrive in Chaillot. Des Grieux is preoccupied with finding a way out of lack of money, and in front of Manon he pretends that he is not short of money. The young man arrives in Paris and once again asks Tiberge for money, and, of course, receives it. From his devoted friend, des Grieux went to Mr. T., who was very happy with his guest and told him the continuation of the story of Manon’s kidnapping. Everyone was amazed to learn that such a beauty decided to run away with the shelter servant. But what won’t you do for freedom! So des Grieux is above suspicion and has nothing to fear. Mr. de T., having learned the whereabouts of the lovers, often visits them, and their friendship with him grows stronger day by day.
One day, young G.M., the son of worst enemy, that old libertine who imprisoned our heroes. M. de T. assured de Grieux, who was already grabbing his sword, that he was a very sweet, noble young man. But subsequently des Grieux is convinced of the opposite. G. M. Jr. falls in love with Manon and invites her to leave her lover and live with him in luxury and contentment. The son surpasses his father in generosity, and, unable to withstand the temptation, Manon gives up and moves to live with G. M. De T., shocked by the treachery of his friend, advises de Grieux to take revenge on him. Our hero asks the guards to arrest G.M. on the street in the evening and hold him until the morning, while he himself, meanwhile, indulges in pleasures with Manon in the vacated bed. But the footman who accompanied G.M. informs the old man G.M. about what happened. He immediately goes to the police, and the lovers end up in prison again. Father des Grieux seeks the release of his son, and Manon faces either life imprisonment or exile to America. Des Grieux begs his father to do something to mitigate the sentence, but receives a decisive refusal. The young man does not care where to live, as long as he is with Manon, and he goes with the exiles to New Orleans. Life in the colony is miserable, but only here our heroes find peace of mind and turn their thoughts to religion. Having decided to get married, they admit to the governor that they used to deceive everyone by introducing themselves as spouses. To this, the governor replies that the girl should marry his nephew, who has been in love with her for a long time. Des Grieux wounds his opponent in a duel and, fearing the governor's revenge, flees the city. Manon follows him. On the way, the girl falls ill. Rapid breathing, convulsions, pallor - everything indicated that the end of her suffering was nearing. At the moment of death, she speaks of her love for des Grieux.
For three months the young man was bedridden by a serious illness, his disgust for life did not weaken, he constantly called for death. But still healing came. Tiberge appears in New Orleans. A devoted friend takes de Grieux to France, where he learns of his father's death. The expected meeting with his brother completes the story.
Retold
I. A.–F. Prevost. The story of the Chevalier de Grieux and Manon Lescaut"
The originality of the genre: the tradition of knightly, picaresque and gallant romance in Prevost’s novel.
Composition. Archetypal plot. Outline the compositional features of the novel.
Define the role of the narrator in the novel. Is he an eyewitness to the lovers' story? Why do you think this is important to understanding the characters and what happened to him?
Specifics of the chronotope. The road motif as a means of organizing space. Spatial oppositions city/village, France/America, Paris/New Orleans. Analyze a fragment of the novel about the life of the gentleman and Manon in America.
Character system. Principles of character modeling in a rococo novel. The originality of the characters of the Chevalier des Grieux and Manon Lescaut. Function of minor characters.
Function of detail and mythological subtext.
The concept of love in the novel.
Complete and short name novel: reasons and meaning of reduction.
II. S. De Laclos. Dangerous ties
1. The circumstances of the appearance of the novel.
2. Specifics of composition and narration. The novel in letters as the leading genre of literature of the 18th century. Implementation of the traditions of the genre in “Dangerous Liaisons”.
3. Methods of constructing an image: the collision of self-characteristics and characteristics of third parties - functions, results.
4. Ways of presenting events: the clash of first-person information and indirect evidence is the problem of truth.
5. Traditions of character types in the images of de Merteuil (villain), Valmont (debaucher), de Trouvel ( loving woman), Cecilia (innocent victim).
6. Theme of libertines and libertenism.
III. Comparison of the novels by A.–F. Prevost “History of the Chevalier de Grieux and Manon Lescaut”
and P.F. A. Choderlos de Laclos " Dangerous ties»
Scientific literature:
1. Vipper Yu. Two masterpieces of French prose of the 18th century // Vipper Yu. B. Creative destinies and history. (About Western European literature of the 16th - first half of the 19th century). M., 1990. pp. 239-261. Text for mandatory note-taking!
Available on the Internet: http://www.philol.msu.ru/~forlit/Pages/Biblioteka_Vipper_XVIII.htm
2. Kozhinov V. Roman Prevost as a mature example of the genre // Origin of the novel. Theoretical and historical essay. M.: Soviet Writer, 1963. http://svr-lit.niv.ru/svr-lit/kozhinov-proishozhdenie-romana/roman-prevo.htm
3. Grib V.R. Abbot Prevost and his “Manon Lescaut” // Grib V.R. Favorite Works. M., 1956.
4. Zababurova N.V. French psychological novel (Enlightenment and Romanticism). Rostov-on-Don, 1992.
Practical lesson 3
Gothic literature at the turn of the centuryXVIII – XIXcenturies and in the era of romanticism
The origins of the Gothic novel genre in late XVIII century.
Gothic roots.
Reasons for the development of motifs and themes associated with otherworldly, mystical phenomena, the creation of an atmosphere of “horror and mystery” in early literary Gothic.
The phenomenon of H. Walpole.
The rise of the Gothic genre: Gothic as a phenomenon of mass culture.
Horrible, playful, moralistic in the novel by M.G. Lewis “The Monk”.
Gothic in Mary Shelley’s novel “Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus”: chronotope, plot development, specifics of narrative construction (a set of texts).
Theme of forbidden knowledge.
Rationalization of the Gothic borderlands of life and death in E.A. Poe’s short stories “The Fall of the House of Usher”, “Breathless”, “The Black Cat”, “Buried Alive”, “The Oblong Box”, “The Truth About What Happened to Monsieur Waldemar "
Scientific literature
Zalomkina G.V. Gothic myth. Samara, 2010. Sections:
Introduction. pp. 6 – 19.
1.2. Gothic as a phenomenon of collective consciousness in turn of the XVIII– XIX centuries pp. 71 – 80.
1.3.1. Fantastic: teetering on the edge. pp. 90 – 101.
1.4.2. Game rationality in line with gender issues. pp. 129 – 139
2.1.1. Rationalization of the Gothic borderland of life and death. pp. 161 – 168.
Text for mandatory note-taking!Available for sale.
Vatsuro V.E. Gothic novel in Russia. M: New Literary Review, 2002.
Gothic tradition in Russian literature / Ed. N.D.Tamarchenko. M.: Ross. state humanist univ., 2008.
Zalomkina G.V. Poetics of space and time in the Gothic plot. Samara, 2006.
Practical lesson 4
