Psychology of influence on humans. Psychological tricks: how to influence people

Man is a social creature, and each of us often has to communicate with people. We are constantly faced with the need to convince friends, colleagues of something, to influence our significant other, or to please someone. Of course, it would be great to just wave a magic wand and get your way. The most interesting thing is that such a magic wand exists. And it really works, its name is psychology, or the science of the soul. It makes it possible to penetrate into the depths of the mechanisms that control our actions and understand the root cause of any action. Let's try to lift the veil of secrecy and figure out what it is to manipulate peopleand how to learn it.

You need to understand that “manipulating people” is a very broad concept. You can ask to bring you a chocolate bar from the kitchen, thereby influencing the person. But today I propose to consider ways to solve more complex problems. Such methods can be divided into two large groups:

• Work on yourself. It's about getting yourself into the right state. For example, by cultivating good mood and confidence, you will easily win sympathy in the team or attract the attention of the opposite sex.

• Working with an object. This is the very psychology of influencing people. At this stage, you directly influence people, starting from their individual characteristics. For example, in order to influence a guy in solving some issues, a girl often only needs regular flirting.

Let's start, of course, with the first one. After all, before you provide psychological impact on a person, we must learn to influence ourselves by developing certain skills. This work involves the formation and retention of the necessary internal state, skills development planning

Mindfulness

If you want to know how to influence people, then the first skill that you should develop in yourself, and without which you simply cannot move on, is awareness. Of course we're talking about not about the philosophical meaning of the term, but rather about its narrow meaning, in the context of communication with people. Remember how often there are situations when you say something without thinking, and then replay the conversation in your head and find a more correct version of what could have been said. Does this happen often? Imagine how many unpleasant situations could be avoided if we were able to find this “most correct answer” during the conversation, when it is still relevant.

The conclusion is simple: in order to move on and understand how to influence people, we must stop communicating automatically. Every word we say, every glance must be thought out and have its own purpose. Tell me – “difficult”? Yes, but only at first. And then it becomes a very interesting activity. Besides, you always need to put in at least a little effort. Make a firm decision to “get involved” in your next conversation. You must start an internal dialogue - evaluate what the interlocutor says, how he speaks (fast, slow, calm). Think right during the conversation, what will you say and, most importantly, why? What goal do you want to achieve as a result? Try to guess the reaction of your interlocutor. It is not as difficult as it might seem, moreover, it is very interesting.

Play, manipulate phrases, it's not exact science, it needs to be felt. Impact on humans is a delicate process, and practice is the best assistant. And to gain some time during the conversation, ask questions more often. Most of all, people love to talk about themselves, play along with them, thereby you arouse sympathy for yourself and get time to analyze the flow of the conversation. Mindfulness is the first tool you need in your work.

Important: do not utter rash words, stay focused on the conversation.

Internal state in progress influence on a person

Working on your inner state plays a huge role not only in communicating with people, but also in life in general. A good mood gives a significant advantage in solving any problem. Moreover, it gives energy and inner strength for any action. And self-confidence allows you not only to generate ideas in time, but also to simply magically attract the right people and a favorable situation. It may seem like magic, but the law of attraction really works, including when communicating with people. Everyone, men and women, is drawn to confident people who radiate optimism. Such people enjoy themselves, trying to get a little magic.

Therefore, your task is to cultivate in yourself:

• Ease - nothing should disturb you or put pressure on you. (To know, .
• – help yourself with any thoughts, but maintain this state.
• Concentration– all unnecessary thoughts need to be discarded, this is garbage that only gets in the way. Concentrate on communication and on preparing for it.

Important: a good mood and confidence can be turned on at will, the main thing is to know how.

Planning

You will have to get used to this, because as the Latin proverb says, victory loves preparation. Your actions towards a person must be clearly planned. What might this look like? It's simple - you should always think through topics for conversation, moreover, it is advisable to rehearse them. For example, on a date with a girl, this will allow you to avoid awkward silence, because one topic will immediately give way to another and you will not let your companion get bored.

It is important to analyze what you plan to say. Figure out what associations your words will evoke in your interlocutor. Be very careful about this. In fact, a significant part of the attitude towards you is based on a subconscious reaction, and therefore try to make sure that your visual image and what you say, every word you say, always evokes the reactions that people like.

Important: each word evokes a certain association and reaction.

Remember a sexy girl whose blouse emphasizes her appetizing curves. This causes only pleasant reactions in men - such a young lady will always be welcome in a male team. But in the women's they may not meet in the best possible way, because the “competition light bulb” immediately lights up in the subconscious. Therefore, carefully plan your words and actions if you want to effectively manage people. We talk more about how to work on yourself and what factors influence a man’s sympathy in this article.

“The art of war is a science in which nothing succeeds except what has been calculated and thought out” (Napoleon Bonaparte).

How to influence people?

The above recommendations are the basis that should become your essence for life. Only after mastering them, move on to more sophisticated techniques. As you may have guessed, now we will look at some methods of managing people. Conventionally, one can distinguish several types of influence on a person in order to push him to a certain action that you need. Each method requires preparation for the solitaire game to work out.

Arouse sympathy, intimate attraction

Important: girls want love and sex, guys want sex and power.

Get closer, create a feeling of trust

You've probably had episodes in your life when you started to communicate well with someone, found mutual language, felt closeness (friendly). Usually this does not last very long, but the fact itself is important. You appear common topics, secrets, views. This is the ideal condition to provide

During such a period, a person becomes very important to you - let's call it a temporary clouding of reason that everyone has experienced. So, it is precisely this feeling that can be converted into power over an object.

Psychology of people management not very complicated. See how this works at the subconscious level: the object likes the feeling of closeness, which means you want to prolong it, even if you have to pay for it. The brain turns on later. It’s like with love, when the heart thinks, all logical arguments are discarded, just so that now it’s good.

The main thing in everything is to measure the price correctly, go too far and the magic will dissipate.

Step-by-step approach to the goal

The expression “water wears away stones” is perhaps one of the most apt and useful in history. Maybe I'm exaggerating, but judge for yourself - any action, even an insignificant one, but repeated regularly, always leads to the desired result. This applies to anything - sports, work... and influence on a person.

How did court officials intrigue against each other? Over and over again they whispered unpleasant things to the monarch about their competitors, clearly allocated time, and measured the flow of information. They did this easily, unobtrusively, as long as the same thought popped up in the ruler’s head with enviable consistency. Our psyche is structured in such a way that over time, grains (thoughts) sown on fertile soil (subconscious) grow into a bountiful harvest (actions). This is a prime example of how to influence people.

This applies to anything. Do you want to get a promotion, convince a girl of something, or gain authority in the team? Make a clear plan and follow it, but never force things. Gradually, little by little, form in a person a thought, a conviction in something. Approach from afar so that your intentions are not immediately obvious. Speak your thoughts briefly and immediately change the topic before the person has time to really comprehend it. You switched his consciousness to a new object, but the information you said remained in the subconscious. And so on every time until the goal, the truth that you want to convey, becomes the truth for your interlocutor. And when the client is mature, speak directly about what you want... by this moment the object already shares your views.

Use blackmail (fear) and a sense of duty

It’s not the most pleasant method, but today we don’t have white gloves and we can afford a little cynicism. Let's be clear right away, blackmail is based on fear. And the stronger the fear, the easier it is to control a person. But here you need to exercise some caution so as not to go too far - a person driven into a corner is very dangerous, no matter how your influence turns against you. Otherwise, it is an excellent tool of influence.

For many people, a sense of duty is of great importance and this factor should not be underestimated. It is quite possible that you had a situation in your life when you did not want to do something, but did the opposite... because you felt that it was your duty. This method is often used by children, you can try it too.

Press for pity

Imagine a little kitten outside in winter. He is covered with snow, he bows his head, perhaps even cries... no, I’m not insensitive, it hurts me to even imagine this picture. I want to come over and help, right? Anyway, I hope the article is read good people, with a sweet and gentle soul. But let's return to the main thing - pity can motivate you to take action, even if it is not beneficial for the object of influence.

Use pressure

This is a completely indelicate method, unlike all the previous ones. It is aimed at obvious violence against the will, however, it still allows you to exert psychological influence on a person and achieve your goal. To do this, you will need to develop the qualities of a tyrant and simply demand what you want. Not the slightest doubt about your right. Many bosses subconsciously use this method, however, if you stumble upon strong man, you can get serious resistance.

So we have mastered some ways of managing people. Whatever method you choose, do not forget that you always need to start small and very carefully, because many people around you are no stupider than you. And most importantly, know that The best way To achieve something from a person is to be sincere and not play with other people's feelings. After all, in the end, the most important thing is not the goal, but the path. Good luck!

How to influence the human psyche?

Human psyche- this is one of the secrets inner world of people. The psyche is a “cocktail” consisting of various mental phenomena and mental processes. Want to know specifically what's in this cocktail? Emotions, sensations, imagination, memory... There is no need to list further: you, very soon, will understand everything yourself.

This “cocktail” affects people in different ways. It all depends on the situation and occasion. Very often, the human psyche is used for very selfish purposes. These goals are mainly directed in a “bad” direction. Sometimes it’s the other way around.

Various methods of psychological influence on people

Let's look at everything using examples.

What do you know about " crowd effect"? The name speaks for itself and you can understand what it is even without “deepening”. This effect can be observed when political leaders trying to “win” over to their side as best they can more people. It is thanks to this effect that politicians often achieve incredible success in their activities.

Hypnosis

Its influence on the psyche is limitless. It is used, for example, by the police during interrogation. This is not to say that it is constant, but in special cases, a hypnotic session is irreplaceable in every sense. And now - about a special occasion. Unfortunately, in the criminal world, terribly terrible things happen. I emphasize: terribly scary. Because the word “inhuman” is too soft, sometimes. Here, for example, is such a case. One day, the Goths gathered in a cohort. Let's first clarify who the Goths are, in case you don't know.

G oh - this one is like that youth subculture. Their appearance, sometimes very scary: black nails, black hair, black lipstick, cosmetics…. And pale - pale skin. And their backpacks are in the shape of a coffin... Yes, from the outside it looks intimidating. You've probably seen them. And I was no exception. Quite recently, by the way, I was able to observe them once again. At a bus stop, in the evening, in the summer... I remember this gothic couple: she is in a long black cloak; he has an absolutely incredible hairstyle... In general, it’s better to see it live just once than to read about it. I will not say whether they are worse or better than representatives of this culture. Comparison is not the “prerogative” of this article. I would like to draw your attention to the lines in which I will tell you about Gothic rituals. Or rather, about one of them, which will “discourage” any desire to further learn something about them, and, moreover, to become them. Intrigued? Sorry, I didn't mean to intrigue you. Although…. This is the whole point, the whole process of “involving” you in reading the information. You may have already read what you are about to read once, so I apologize in advance if I repeat myself.

The goths gathered one day at a party. It seemed like it all started out harmlessly. It seemed that nothing foreshadowed any trouble. Everything, indeed, proceeded as it always does at Gothic “meetings.” But then, out of the blue, one of the girls broke one of the rules of this party. I won't say which rule was broken. You can consider that I took an oath of “non-dissemination of Gothic secrets.” In general, it doesn’t matter. The following is important. Because the girl who dared to stumble and broke the rule, she was severely punished. She was simply eaten. Not morally, not with views, but as an ordinary dish…. I see your eyes. I also cried, as if watching a melodramatic series... But a film is one thing, and real life is completely different.

Naturally, these cruel Goths, who are very difficult to call people, were sent to prison for many years. But in order to punish them, I had to use the help of hypnosis. In another case, the psyche and the Goths refused to (actively) admit to what they had done. Thanks to hypnosis, it was possible to ensure that these nonhumans received what they deserved. Of course, the worst punishment for them is the death penalty. But at that time, such a measure of punishment in Russia was abolished.

Yes, a scary topic, but a vital one. Let's talk about films. You can also talk about cartoons. I remembered something, the Japanese cartoon “Pokemon”. Remember this one. Yes, yes, exactly the one in which the famous Pikachu runs. Why am I writing about Pokemon? Don't think that I am one of the fans of this cartoon. But it is with his help that I can show you another example of how you can influence the psyche.

I won’t drag my feet by giving this right to long series like “Santa Barbara.” Let me say briefly: this cartoon “pushed” not a single child to commit suicide. History “remembers” the case when, a little boy, about five years old, after watching “Pokemon”, he jumped out of a seventh floor window. It was not possible to save the boy. The cartoon was stopped showing. However, it was not possible to return the baby.

There is no need to hate the creators of “pocket monsters” (“Pokemon”). When creating this cartoon, they did not set themselves the goal of killing people. Everything turned out completely unexpected. No one could have imagined that this was even possible.

Unfortunately, this “trick” was taken over by other people. They began to make films, the plot of which was planned to destroy the psyche of people. Basically, the plots of the film tell about religious beliefs, “imposing” that this or that faith is the best and only one.

What time of day is it outside the window? I hope it’s not night, because I bet you won’t fall asleep soon. Unless, of course, you are a sensitive or emotional person. Receptive and emotional people, for the most part, are usually representatives of the attractive sex. Men can be “soft” too.

Take care of your psyche! Do not allow experiments to be carried out with her!

Switch:

For example, to take a break from influence at work, we need a vacation. It’s good when a vacation on the Black Sea lasts as long as possible. And in May you can go to Odessa on the seashore, to a hotel surrounded by greenery, a sandy beach and inhaling the aromas of flowering steppes, say: "Anna Maria!".

When you have rested, it would be good to figure out who has a strong influence on you. Let's figure it out.

All ways psychological influence can be divided into several groups, which include various methods of influence:

1. Effect of infection

It implies the transfer of mental and emotional state from one person to another. Typically, the contagion effect occurs unconsciously. This, by the way, is where the well-known expression “infected with laughter” comes from. If a person spends some time among people prone to panic, then soon he himself will involuntarily begin to panic. The same applies to fear, anger and other strong feelings. The transfer of psycho-emotional information acts directly on the subconscious of the person who is “infected”.

2. Suggestion

This method of influence is carried out through words. The carrier information should be as compressed as possible, but very capacious in its information content. Here, the person himself also plays a huge role, trying to instill something in others. He must have a fairly high authority among those inspired and have boundless confidence in himself and in what he says. This method of influence has several forms: hypnosis, suggestion while awake and suggestion during a period of complete relaxation. However, there are people who are very weakly susceptible to any suggestion. Basically, these are those who have experienced some strong shocks in life.

3. Persuasion

This type of influence on people is aimed directly at a person’s consciousness in order to “convey” some specific information to the person’s mind. The effectiveness of such influence depends on the level of intelligence and education of the person being persuaded. Convince simpler than a person with a logical and highly intelligent mind. The hardest thing to apply this method will be on people with low level intelligence and difficult character. Persuasion is based mainly on the logical content of information.

4. Imitation

Imitation usually occurs on a subconscious level. This type of influence is especially strong when the object of imitation is smarter, stronger, or has some other qualities that the suggested person would like to have. He can copy the manner of speaking, habits, clothing and even gait. Such people sometimes themselves do not notice that they are imitating someone, since this is done unconsciously.

Nothing happens “just like that”—emotions do not arise, feelings and sympathies are not born. Whether you feel sad or happy, whether you like it or not - all emotions pass through the subconscious. You don't notice most of what's stored in it, and as a result you think that all feelings are "random."

Now imagine that you know how to plant a thought or feeling in another person's subconscious. There are huge opportunities before you, you just need to practice.

Built-in Commands - Speech Traps

An embedded message is a part of a phrase that is emphasized by intonation or gesture. A person may not pay attention to it, but it has already made its way into the subconscious and settled there.

How it works: you say to your nervous friend: “I had an acquaintance who, even during a search, behaved calm and confident" You pronounce the part of the phrase in italics with a different intonation. The person who is listening to you is thinking about your friend or the search, and at this time the built-in command “calmly and confidently” orders him to behave this way.

Another example: You need to create a friendly atmosphere in the company, make people feel relaxed and comfortable. You begin to tell any story, emphasizing words such as “pleasant”, “relaxed”, “happiness” with intonation. The story could be about your favorite cat, a new movie, or last weekend's adventures. People pick up on positive words and automatically apply them to themselves as a command to relax and be happy. As a result, the atmosphere will become more fun and relaxed.

Rules of hidden influence

Remember, the most important thing about hidden commands is the two levels of perception. Do not combine them in meaning, otherwise your command will only influence consciousness.

The phrase: “Let's relax and have fun now” will not have a strong effect. People will understand your call, it will not penetrate their subconscious, and you will see the same sad faces. And if you tell any story with hidden commands: “Last Friday we relaxed be in a bar on N street, and fun was just beginning,” the mood in the company will gradually improve.

Clear intonation

Change your intonation only on the phrase that needs to be highlighted. All other words surrounding your hidden commands should sound normal, otherwise the effect will be washed out. You can even use short pauses before and after the hidden command.

Attention to words

You need to be extremely careful and attentive with hidden commands. Beware of negative hidden commands, they can not only create Bad mood from a person, but also provide you with antipathy on his part.

Practice with your surroundings - tell a couple of stories and see how the mood of a friend or employee changes.

Just don’t expect miracles - if your friend’s wife left and took away half of the furniture, your story with the “relaxation and joy” command is unlikely to make him incredibly happy.

Hidden psychological influence on a communication partner in order to achieve beneficial behavior from him is called manipulation. In communication with their own kind, without realizing it, people often use manipulative methods, especially when they want to achieve something from another person. Since everyone understands the concept of “manipulation” differently, let’s consider what manipulation is.

As mentioned above, manipulation is a hidden psychological effect. In conclusion, I will say that the topic of manipulation in communication, of course, is not exhausted by this publication and will be continued. To illustrate the concept of manipulation, let's give an example. IN in this case This is an example of manipulation of a person’s need to look beautiful in the eyes of the object of affection. You are sitting in a summer cafe with a girl whom you are courting and having small talk with her about life and love. And then a pretty teenage girl (or an equally pretty grandmother) comes up to you with a bouquet of flowers and offers you to buy them. Do you think this is an ordinary, slightly intrusive offer to buy or manipulation? Answer: manipulation. Why? Because there is a hidden calculation here that you will be embarrassed to refuse to buy flowers for this girl (and who else!?) in front of the girl herself. After all, she will think that you feel sorry for the flowers for her, and you will feel like a miser and a fool for a whole hour. Therefore, it is often easier for a man to pay off his awkwardness and not spoil the evening. This is what we are counting on.

Thus, the difference between manipulation and other methods of influence is that during manipulation, in addition to an obvious and open motive ( trade offer), there is a hidden motive, calculation, subtext (he will be embarrassed to look stingy).

An example of manipulation in trading. In a store, a buyer chooses a product, hesitantly looking at cheaper and more expensive items.
Salesman:- This model is better, but it is perhaps a little expensive for you.
Buyer:- That's what I'll take.

On external level the seller stated some true facts: high quality things and low financial capabilities of the buyer. The hidden meaning of this manipulation is the calculation of the buyer’s desire to at least look respectable in front of the seller (and therefore, to some extent, in front of himself). The buyer took expensive thing, stroking his pride and wiping (as it seems to him) the seller’s nose.

There are not only one-time manipulative actions, but also entire long-term manipulative games. I will give an example of a manipulative game from the practice of police officers and investigators. Now you will have to imagine yourself detained at the police station. Here is one of effective ways To obtain testimony from a detainee (or money for freedom) is a game of “good and evil cop.” First, an “evil” investigator talks to the detainee - speaking in a raised tone, he threatens and paints gloomy pictures of your future stay within the walls of law enforcement. After you are fairly frightened, a “kind” investigator intervenes in the case, reproaches the “evil” one for his incontinence, sympathizes with the detainee, and offers to resolve the case in an amicable, kind way. Aggressive and benevolent communication styles alternate several times until the detainee matures. What is the manipulative meaning of such a game? The fact is that you are led to the idea that it is better to accept the lesser of evils, i.e. “good” policeman and enter into an alliance with him.

Such a manipulative game creates the feeling that you can get away with little loss by agreeing with a good and polite policeman, until the evil and cruel one becomes active again. As a result, the detainee gives evidence or pays off. Which is what is required of him. By the way, one policeman can combine both of these roles - the meaning of the game remains the same.

The benefits of manipulation can be not only material, but also psychological: increased attention significant people, acquiring higher authority and respect, etc.

For example, behind sparkling jokes addressed to other people there is usually just such a hidden meaning, hiding behind the external desire to simply have fun and entertain comrades. A person who makes jokes at the expense of others, as a rule, does not see any other opportunity to gain authority in the company and uses this method that has been practiced for himself. The fact that at the same time he hurts others, reduces their authority, he either does not realize or neglects this insignificant fact. Thus, jokes about other people are also manipulative.

This begs the question. How to evaluate the phenomenon of manipulation: with a plus sign or with a minus sign? Is it good or bad? Use it in life or eradicate it? This begs the answer. If I manipulate, it’s good, if I’m manipulated, it’s bad. Joke. In fact, manipulation is neither good nor bad. In general, this phenomenon is neutral. At its core, manipulation is a tool that can be used for various purposes.

Depending on what hands it is in. Just as a knife can serve both as a tool for surgical operations and as a murder weapon. If you are faced with manipulation, then to assess a specific situation, I suggest relying on two criteria.

First. What is the motive and desired result of the author of the manipulation? If this is not only a benefit to yourself, but also a desire for good to you, then this deserves, if not a positive assessment, then at least leniency. For example, parents often manipulate their children, forcing them by hook or by crook to go to bed on time, do exercises, go to school, etc. They do this not only for their own sake, but also for the sake of the future good of their child, who is not yet able to appreciate this care.

Second. It happens that the hidden motive for manipulation is not particularly hidden. And then the object of application of this manipulation has a true, and not an imposed, choice. American writer and psychotherapist E. Byrne gives the following example of a flirting game: Cowboy: Would you like to see the stables? Girl: Oh, I’ve loved stables since childhood! Although we seem to be talking about stables (and here we would be talking about the theater), both understand the inner meaning of the game. And the girl, choosing an excursion to the stables, guesses about the content of this excursion. And since she has this understanding, and no one forced her to respond to advances, it means that she consciously entered into this game, and, therefore, there is nothing bad here.

If you take a closer look, you and I live in a world of manipulations, and you shouldn’t be afraid of them, but you should be able to understand them well and use knowledge about them to benefit yourself and other people. All this is also one of the halves of the game called “life” and this game can also be entertaining.

How can you neutralize the effect of manipulation if your plans do not include “falling for” it?

First. Understand, see, realize the hidden motive of communication in your partner. This is possible if you are attentive, have psychological experience and trust your intuition. By micromovements of the eyes, minimal facial expressions, intonations of voice, gestures and subtle body movements, a psychologically competent person can guess the presence of falsehood in a person’s actions and speech. To put it simply, whether he is being disingenuous or not. If you guess that maybe not everything is clear, then the next step is to understand what he really wants. To do this, put yourself in his place - what would you do, how would you behave, what ideas would you try to implement? The fact is that we are all very similar (no matter how much you want to believe in your own uniqueness) and what you come up with, most likely he came up with it too. Scroll through the possible options and insight may come to you. I won’t say that it’s so easy to penetrate the consciousness of another person, but life in general is not an easy thing.

Second. If manipulation presupposes the presence of an ulterior motive and this is its main weapon, then neutralizing the weapon will be lighting, clarifying the ulterior motive in your communication. Figuratively speaking, “flashing with a flashlight” deprives the manipulation of its hidden meaning. That's what makes her a manipulation. For example, if a person directs his humor at you in public, ridicules you or your values, and you guessed in whose eyes he wants to rise, you can calmly tell him: “I understand that you really want to seem witty in the eyes of Marina - we already We appreciated your humor, it’s great, thank you.”

When the meaning is revealed, there is nothing left to hide, the game loses its continuation and meaning. However, if you have guessed the content of the manipulative game that is being played with you, you do not have to stop it immediately. Indeed, in this case you have trump cards in your hands: your opponent does not yet know that you have already guessed hidden meaning. You can use this trump card like hockey players use a numerical advantage.

Let's consider a real situation from real life. Surely people have ever approached you on the street with a “gift” from the company. Very cheerful, starting with the words “Hello!”, they solemnly announce that in honor of the 500th anniversary of their generous company, you will receive a wonderful set for free in this bag, along with the bag itself. And they hand it to you! A few more seconds of optimism and charm and you are already beginning to believe in this miracle. But it turns out that in order for you to finally take ownership of all the rich contents of this bag, a mere trifle is needed. Pay for just one thing from this wealth. Some measly (compared to the contents) a few hundred rubles. For those who didn’t guess, then, of course, it turns out that the cost of the goods is much lower than this “pathetic” amount. But that will happen later!

So, one is already mine life scientist a friend did the following trick. At the words “You get this as a gift,” he accepted the bag, but did not stand, as expected according to the script, breathing excitedly, but with the words “Thank you!” cheerfully walked into the crowd on the way to the metro. After a couple of seconds, which it took for the schemer to come to his senses, it was already too late to catch up with the happy owner of the gift from the company. The most interesting thing is that there is nothing to condemn him for - it’s a gift, rich companies have their own quirks and refusing a gift is inconvenient and even impolite... Keyword here - “hidden”. During manipulation, the external meaning of words, addresses or actions in relation to another person does not coincide with the internal meaning. The external meaning of words, as a rule, is innocent, not containing any infringement of the needs of another person, but the internal meaning carries content that leads this person to what the author of the manipulation wants from him. It turns out that the person being manipulated does what his communication partner needs, as if he chose it himself. In reality, he was gently led to this choice, and this choice of his is not free and unconscious.

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