Thick high thickets stretch for kilometers. Meshcherskaya side (13 pages)

Solotcha. Solotchinsky monastery. About Pinery, lily of the valley and strawberry meadows, about Pine cones and the Lesnaya Skazka cafe.
Solotcha is located 25 km from Ryazan. You need to leave the city along Yesenin Street. The only thing, auto travelers - be aware that the section of Yesenin Street from Teatralnaya Square is one-way. This means that instead of driving directly and quickly out of the city to Solotcha, you need to spend time taking a detour along the side and incomprehensible streets. The road to Solotcha is good.
To understand what Solotcha is, it would be nice to take off and look at it from top to bottom. And see underneath the blue thread of the river and the sea of ​​pine caps. This is for those who have developed spatial imagination.

Those who perceive the world more through feelings, it is better to imagine how pine trunks smell in the sun. How the rustling blows of pine cones sound against the springy mossy-grassy fur coat of the earth or against your hair. Like huge lily of the valley thickets hug the legs of pine giants. Clouds of strawberry flowers are smiling at the sun through dry pine needles. And even better - jump on a bike and break the enveloping pine air with speed. Or just fill yourself from head to toe with it while slowly sailing along the turns of stitch paths. Or, wearing shorts, swimsuits, carelessly rush somewhere deep into the countless pine row - there is also a cool river, and even dunes, and you can see the tangled roots of pine trees growing on a high bank-cliff. In Solotchinsky Bory - sanatoriums and rest houses are hiding.

For those who love facts, here's the information: Solotcha is the land of the immense forests of Meshchera. (In the word "Meschera" the stress is on the last syllable). Meshchera since ancient times was divided between the three principalities into Moscow, Vladimir and Ryazan. The marshes stretch for kilometers. And the forests of Meshchera are dense, dense and mysterious. They say there are places where time stops ...
We are going here to see Solotchinsky convent, which, if described in one word, it will be - warmth. If a few, then I will add - silence and joy. The monastery is located right in the center of Solotcha. Solotcha is a small, very small town. It could be called a large village, but this is hindered by the central concreted square, still headed by Ilyich, with stunted unkempt plantings in the flower beds. View of the statue hollows the monastery wall. We parked. We entered.

Solotchinsky Monastery - founded 10 years after the Battle of Kulikovo (in 1390) by Prince Oleg Ryazansky. Here he took monastic vows and schema, and after another 12 years (in 1402) he found his last resting place. For some reason, I often come across discrepancies - in one place they write that the Pokrovsky monastery (in the name of the Intercession Holy Mother of God), in another, that - Nativity of the Mother of God (in the name of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos). I did not find the details. Apparently, when there was his re-consecration.
The first temple of the monastery, erected under Prince Oleg, was indeed Pokrovsky, stood on the banks of the Oka, and later the tomb of Prince Oleg (in the schema of Joachim) and his wife, Princess Efrosinya (in monasticism Eupraxia) was installed in it.

In the 16th century. a beautiful white-stone Cathedral of the Nativity was built (in the center). His style is Old Russian.
In the 17th century. the Spiritual Church (in the name of the Holy Spirit) with the Refectory (left), the Holy Gates with the gateway Church of the Baptist (in the name of John the Baptist), as well as the Bell Tower and cells (left) are being completed. Build by Yakov Bukhvostov. Style - Naryshkin Baroque. Decorates with tiles - Stepan Polubes (if not himself, then his workshop). Particularly beautiful tiled figures of the four evangelists are located on the gateway church.
In the 18th century. the sandy coast slid along with a fragment ( N-Z angle) of the monastery. The river bank was fortified, and the prince's relics were transferred to the Nativity Cathedral.
The territory of the monastery is quite large, with a minimum of asphalt paths (in my opinion, only one). The rest of the space is covered with velvet low grass, trees, and behind the fence there are nuns' beds and beds. There is also a booth offering fresh cottage cheese and milk. The ancient Nativity Cathedral is closed. We just bypassed it.

The entrance to the Dukhovskaya church is decorated with birches - recently Trinity was celebrated. My husband stayed to photograph the tiles on the snow-white walls of the church, I climbed the wooden steps and went inside. The main feeling is comfort, Sun rays pushed the walls of an already large volume of internal space. The nuns went about their business, completely oblivious to me. I put down the candles and suddenly I saw the image of the Mother of God, from which my tears almost flowed. She held the baby's pen raised to her lips. Such a motherly gesture - as if she were kissing her. And this completely led away from the canons. First you see the mother and the baby, then you only understand that this is the Mother of God and the baby Jesus. I asked what the icon was called. - "Comforter" - they answered me. She is on the right. The left, too, attracted the attention of two unusual image Mother of God... One snow-white, decorated with pearls - "Vladimirskaya". Nearby is a very dark face, shimmering in gold - "Iverskaya".

We drove a little further and stopped at a bright blue church in honor of the Kazan Mother of God. Here, among the bright flower beds, there is a monument to Nicholas the Wonderworker - a figure with hands raised up on the globe. One sculpture is located in hot Turkey in the city of Demre. The second, a copy of it, is in Russia, in Ryazan Solotcha. Delivered here in 2006. The sculptor is Raisa Lysenina. To the question "Why here in Ryazan and why a copy?" - the answer is this: in the Turkish homeland, this monument to Nicholas the Wonderworker used to stand in the center of the city, and then, for some reason, was dismantled and moved closer to the ruins of the temple where the saint served. Moreover, without a globe, which the Turks have "lost" somewhere ... For some reason, Santa Claus stands in its former place ... Therefore, it was here on Ryazan land that people made such a decision - to recreate a copy of it and install it again ...
“… The Lord speaks from the throne, opening the window for paradise:“ O my faithful slave, Mikola, go around the Russian land. Protect the people who have been tormented by grief there in black troubles. Pray with him for victories and for their poverty-stricken comfort "...". S. Yesenin

The day was approaching the middle and we wanted to satisfy not only curiosity, but also our daily hunger. There were few options, most likely just two roadside cafes that we saw on the way to Solotcha. One on the right, the other on the left. The preference was given to the second option, called "Lesnoye", which was located right in pine forest... Literally. One pine tree even grew from the roof (apparently, they decided to leave it, not chop it down, and thus built it into the room). I would also like to note that the pine forest in Solotch is what a forest - this is such a height, this is such a width. Ship! It is not for nothing that Solotcha is called “the gateway to the Meshchera,” Meshchera forests have always been the image of a dense, dense, impenetrable forest. So we immediately decided that we would sit in the air. We walked around the cafe on the left and chose a cozy wooden table under an umbrella. While waiting for the order, we walked a little through the forest, among the pine trees. Beauty! I was shocked by the huge lily of the valley plantations, which spread out in a flat carpet under the pine trunks. That which blooms and smells fragrant here in spring is probably called paradise lily of the valley. The pines squeaked, grumbled, the wind got stuck in their tenacious needles and, breaking free, resentfully plucked round cones from the pine curls and threw them down. Everything we ordered was delicious (okroshka, shashlik, salads), although the service was very slow. The main thing here is to enjoy the pine grace.

We noticed, by the way, that on a very bumpy road into the forest, various cars were driving and driving, loaded with vacationers. There, behind it, the river and the beach begin. It is a pity that we ourselves did not see this. We read later that here it is very Beautiful places... We believe!
And although we were in a hurry to Staraya Ryazan, which was the next item on our program, the magnetism of pines and roast june day put us an invisible barrier. We braked sharply along the beautiful pine wall and rushed into the sun-hot forest. Dense verticals of straight red trunks ruffled the landscape before their eyes. Thick air filled his lungs. A thick sun shone through the pine clouds. The feet were stroked by smooth dry moss, dotted with thick freckles of blooming strawberries. We, as true residents of the metropolis, tried to get absolute pleasure from this 15-minute gift. We lay down, rolled around, ran, abandoned cones, peered at the strawberry faces, pensively paused ... And drove on.
“… The unmown meadows are so fragrant that the head becomes foggy and heavy from habit. For kilometers, there are dense, tall thickets of chamomile, chicory, clover, wild dill, carnations, coltsfoot, dandelions, gentian, plantain, bluebells, buttercups and dozens of other flowering herbs. In the grasses, meadow strawberries ripen for mowing ... ”. K. Paustovsky, " Meshcherskaya side»
It should also be noted that there are many sanatoriums in the Solotchinsky pine forests. And also - mass cottage construction begins here. Cunning builders lure potential buyers with picturesque quotes from Paustovsky, so they copied the address from one billboard: vboru.ru. The writer rented a dacha in Solotcha, and for a reason, but Pozhalostin's house. Here he wrote "Meshcherskaya side". In my opinion, although with all due respect, this story was written by Paustovsky a little hard. And another interesting detail - look on the map - beyond Solotcha, through one village, there is the village of Laskovo. It is a pity that we did not go there. There is a chapel in honor of Saint Fevronia, a girl, daughter of a forester from Laskovo, who cured the Murom prince Peter and became his wife. July 8 - now in Russia at last (!) Is officially recognized as the Day of Love - so strong that Peter and Fevronia had it.

To be continued.
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There are a lot of lakes in the meadows. Their names are strange and varied: Tish, Byk, Hotets, Romoina, Kanava, Staritsa, Muzga, Bobrovka, Selyanskoe Lake and, finally, Langobardskoe.

Black bog oaks lie at the bottom of Hotz. There is always a calm in Silence. High shores close the lake from the winds. Beavers were once found in Bobrovka, but now shepherd fry are chasing. The gully is a deep lake with such a capricious fish that only a person with a very good nerves... Bull is a mysterious, distant lake, stretching for many kilometers. In it, shallows give way to whirlpools, but there is little shade on the banks, and therefore we avoid it. Amazing golden lines are found in the Kanava: each such line pecks for half an hour. By autumn, the banks of the Kanava are covered with purple spots, but not from the fall foliage, but from the abundance of very large wild rose berries.

On the banks of the Staritsa there are sand dunes overgrown with Chernobyl and succession. Grass grows on the dunes, it is called the tenacious. These are dense gray-green balls, similar to a tightly closed rose. If you pull out such a ball from the sand and put it with its roots up, it begins to slowly toss and turn, like a beetle turned over on its back, straightens the petals on one side, rests on them and turns over again with its roots to the ground.

In Muzga, the depth reaches twenty meters. Cranes flocks rest on the banks of the Muzga during the autumn flight. The Selyanskoye lake was overgrown with black kuga. Hundreds of ducks nest in it.

How names are grafted! In the meadows near Staritsa there is a small nameless lake. We named it Lombard in honor of the bearded watchman - "Lombard". He lived on the shore of the lake in a hut, guarded cabbage gardens. A year later, to our surprise, the name took root, but the collective farmers remade it in their own way and began to call this lake Ambarskoe.

The variety of grasses in the meadows is unheard of. The unmown meadows are so fragrant that the head becomes foggy and heavy from habit. For kilometers, there are dense, tall thickets of chamomile, chicory, clover, wild dill, carnations, coltsfoot, dandelions, gentian, plantain, bluebells, buttercups and dozens of other flowering herbs. In the grasses, meadow strawberries ripen for mowing.

• 11.

Homogeneous members of the sentence, not connected by unions, are separated by commas: Cold, emptiness, uninhabited spirit meets home(Sol.); Blooming ahead cherries, mountain ash, dandelions, rose hips, lilies of the valley ...(Sol.); The smell of the smoke of the village stoves can no longer be heard. Only silence remains water, thickets, century-old willows(Paust.); Shcherbatova talked about her childhood, about the Dnieper, about how dry, old willows came to life in their homestead in spring(Paust.); Looking at him [Davydov], I remembered about Przewalski about, the ancient explorers of the Gobi and the Sahara, about the generals who lost thousands of armies in the sands, about all the childish romance that was saturated with the desert in my school years(Paust.); Now she wanted to remember this town for the rest of her life, the seating yard with yellow peeling vaults, pigeons in the bazaar, the green sign of the tavern "Tea and Sugar!", Every chip on the humped pavement(Paust.). If the last member of the list joins the union and, then the comma is not put in front of it: He[wind] brings coldness, clarity and some emptiness to the whole body(Paust.); Thick, high thickets stretch for kilometers chamomile, chicory, clover, wild dill, cloves, coltsfoot, dandelions, gentian, plantains, bluebells, buttercups and dozens other flowering herbs(Paust.).

Homogeneous members of the sentence, connected by repeating unions, are separated by commas: None no stormy words, no passionate confessions, no vows, but only heart-breaking tenderness(Paust.); After parting with Lermontov, she could not look either at the steppe, or at people, or at the passing villages and cities.(Paust.).

Homogeneous members of the sentence, fastened by single connecting and separating unions, are not separated by a comma: The motor ship stood across the river and allowed the current to turn it down along the course(Disp.); Will he support Uzdechkin or not?(Pan.). If there is an adversarial conjunction, the comma is put: He caught Fall Leaves gaze, but he didn't stop.(Pan.).

With various combinations of union and non-union combination of homogeneous members of the proposal, the rule is observed - if there are more than two homogeneous members and the union and is repeated at least twice, then a comma is placed between all homogeneous members: From the house, from the trees, and from the dovecote, and from the gallery - from everything, long shadows ran far away(Hound.); It was sad in the spring air, and in the darkened sky, and in the carriage(Ch.). If there are only two homogeneous members, the comma is usually not put (even if the union is repeated twice), especially if their combination is a semantic unity: And day and night, the scientist cat walks around in a chain(NS.). If the separation of homogeneous members of the sentence is especially emphasized, then the comma is put: Everything reminded of autumn: and yellow leaves and fogs in the morning.

With a double repetition of other unions, except and, the comma is always put: And the old man walked around the room and sometimes hummed psalms in an undertone, then he impressively taught his daughter(M.G.); He was ready to believe that he came here at the wrong time - either too late or early(Disp.); From the large room in the "rooms" occupied by officers, one could hear either a friendly laugh, or the sobbing groans of a guitar and discordant singing(Paust.); They [lamps] only illuminated the walls of the cave hall, then the most beautiful stalagmite(Sol.).

Pairwise combining minor members sentences, a comma is placed between pairs (union and acts locally, only within groups): Alleys planted with lilacs and lindens, elms and poplars led to a wooden stage(Fed.); The songs were different: about joy and sorrow, the day passed and the day to come(Geych.); Books on geography and tourist guides, friends and casual acquaintances told us that Ropotamo is one of the most beautiful and wild places in Bulgaria(Sol.).

Note. In sentences with homogeneous members and unions with them, it is possible to use the same unions, according to the different reasons(between different members of the proposal or their groups). In this case, when placing punctuation marks, these different positions of conjunctions are taken into account: ... Everywhere she was greeted cheerfully and friendly and assured her that she was good, sweet, rare(Ch.) - in this sentence unions and cannot be considered repetitive, since they combine different members of the sentence (fun and friendly, met and assured); these are single unions that unite; pairs of different members of the proposal. In the example ... No one else disturbed the silence of channels and rivers, did not cut cold river lilies with a spoon, and did not admire aloud what is best to admire without words(Paust.) The first and unites the word forms of ducts and rivers dependent on the word silence, the second and closes a series of homogeneous predicates ( did not break, did not cut off and did not admire).

Homogeneous members of the proposal, combined in pairs, can be included in other, larger groups, which in turn have unions. Commas in such groups are placed taking into account the entire complex unity as a whole, for example, the opposing relations between groups of homogeneous members of the sentence are taken into account: Father Christopher, holding a wide-brimmed top hat, bowed to someone and smiled not softly and touchingly, as always, but respectfully and tensely, which did not go well with his face(Ch.). Taken into account and different level connecting relations: In them[shops] you will find and calico for shrouds and tar, and candy and borax for exterminating cockroaches - but you will not find anything fresh, hot, nothing healthy!(M.G.) - here, on the one hand, the word forms of calico are combined and tar, candy and borax, and on the other hand, these groups, already as single blocs, constitute a group united by a repeating alliance and; the comma with this combination fixes the division of the first level.

Note. There may be other blocks of homogeneous members of the sentence, not so much structural as semantic, when a group is formed on the basis of semantic unity: The letter was cold; with tears she reread it several times and crumpled and crumpled, but it did not get warmer from this, but only got wet(M.G.) - members of the proposal and crumpled and crumpled as a single whole, formed as a result of the similarity of semantics, they are combined with the predicate re-read a completely different semantic plan, which is why the comma is not put here and conjunctions and are regarded as qualitatively ambiguous: the first and connects the predicate re-read and the combination of crumpled and crumpled, the second and turned out to be inside the combination.

With homogeneous members of the sentence, in addition to single or repeated unions, paired unions can be used, which are divided into two parts, located at each member of the sentence: not so much ... how much, how ... and, not only ... but also, although ... but, if not ... then, not that ... but (but), how much .. so much... A comma is always placed before the second part of such unions: Green loved not so much the sea as the sea coasts he invented ...(Paust.); Fogs in London happen, if not every day, then by all means every other day(Hound.); They say that in summer Sozopol is flooded with holidaymakers, that is, not so much holidaymakers, but holidaymakers who have come to spend their holidays by the Black Sea(Sol.); Mom was not that angry, but she was still unhappy(Kav.).

A semicolon can be placed between homogeneous members of a sentence (or their groups), especially if there are internal highlights: It turns out there are subtleties. First, the fire must be smokeless; secondly, it is not very hot, and thirdly, in complete calm(Sol.). The need for a semicolon is heightened if the clause members are common: Both of them respected him for his excellent, aristocratic manners, for rumors of his victories; because he dressed beautifully and always stayed in the best room in the best hotel; because he dined well in general, and once even dined with Wellington at Louis Philippe's; for the fact that he carried everywhere with him a real silver dressing case and a camping bath; for the fact that he smelled of some extraordinary, surprisingly "noble" perfume; for the fact that he skillfully played whist and always lost ...(T.).

A dash can also be placed between homogeneous members of the sentence - if the adversary union is omitted: Zoya is windy not from mediocrity and depravity - from loneliness, hopeless longing for true love(gas.); Not to the heavens of someone else's homeland - I composed songs to my homeland(N.); with a sharp and unexpected transition from one action or state to another (usually when the predicate denotes a quick change of actions or an unexpected result): Barriers come across him - and they detain him for a long time(Vlad.); He rustled some paper on the table - he rolled up a newspaper, got up and left the compartment(Shuksh.).

Homogeneous members of a sentence, connected without conjunctions, are separated by a dash if they form a gradation series. This is most often seen in header constructs: Word - deed - result(gas.); Teacher - team - personality(Sukhomlinsky); Play - publishing house - stage(gas.).

Homogeneous members of the sentence and their various combinations can be parceled, and then the dot sign is used: And then there were long hot months, the wind from the low mountains near Stavropol, smelling of immortelles, a silver crown Caucasus mountains, fights with the Chechens near the forest rubble, squealing of bullets. Pyatigorsk, strangers with whom you had to behave like friends. And again fleeting Petersburg and the Caucasus, the yellow peaks of Dagestan and the same beloved and salutary Pyatigorsk. A short rest, broad ideas and poems, light and soaring into the sky, like clouds over the tops of mountains. And a duel. And the last what he noticed on the ground - simultaneously with Martynov's shot, he fancied a second shot, from the bushes under the cliff, over which he stood(Paust.).

In the presence of generalizing words with rows of homogeneous members of a sentence, punctuation marks depend on the place of generalizing words in relation to the enumeration row.

If generalizing words precede the enumeration, then a colon is placed after them: There were three of them at the reception center, three women: one at the reception of linen, the other at the issue, the third at issuing receipts and receiving money.(Pisces); The ice fisherman can be different: a retired fisherman, a worker and employee fisherman, a military fisherman, a fisherman-minister, so to speak, a statesman, a fisherman-intellectual(Sol.); They wrote a lot about him and everything in different ways: sometimes with delight, reaching worship, then with bewilderment, and then with mockery.(gas.); In this story you will find almost everything I mentioned above: dry oak leaves, gray-haired astronomer, roar of cannonade, Cervantes, people who firmly believe in the victory of humanism, mountain shepherd dog, night flight and much more(Paust.); Just as the magic current is turned on, sounds burst in: voices speaking together, the crackle of a cracked nut, a half-step of carelessly handed forceps(Nab.).

Generalizing words enclosing an enumeration row are separated by a dash: Handrails, compasses, binoculars, all sorts of instruments and even high thresholds of cabins - all this was copper(Paust.); Artists Arkhipov and Malyavin, sculptor Golubkina - all of these Ryazan places(Paust.); And these trips, and our conversations with her - everything was imbued with an aching, hopeless longing(Beck.); And the fact that for the first time I saw a real hardened elk, and that for the first time I would have to destroy a huge Living being, and the fact that it was beautiful, as he walked through the frosty forest - all this made me waste three or four seconds in vain(Sol.); A warm boardwalk surrounded by dry weeds, long days, the thunder of rare shots at wild ducks, five boxes of books (only one of them was read) - all this was left behind, hidden by black water(Paust.).

The colon after the generalizing words before the listing of homogeneous members and the dash after the listing are placed when the sentence does not end with the listing, including when the generalizing word is repeated after the listing: Noisy conversations took place everywhere: in the club, on the streets, on the benches at the gates, in the houses.(Garsh.); Everything: a carriage quickly drove along the street, a reminder of an offense, a girl's question about a dress that needs to be made; even worse, a word of insincere, weak concern - everything painfully irritated the wound, seemed an insult(L. T.); Everything: the sublunary hills, and dark red clover fields, and wet forest paths, and the lush sunset sky - the whole world around me seemed beautiful to me(Sol.). The same with the entry of homogeneous members into one of the parts of a complex sentence: In a few minutes he could draw anything: a human figure, animals, trees, buildings - everything came out in his characteristic and lively(Beck.).

Note... In business and partly scientific speech, the colon can be placed before the listing and without a generalizing word: The meeting was attended by: students, graduate students, teachers.

In artistic and journalistic texts this punctuation mark is extremely rare. It is possible only in a text interspersed with elements of scientific speech in order to warn about the subsequent listing: As evidenced by the sheet-by-sheet "inset inscription" on the book, made after the death of Ibrahim Hannibal, by some miracle she found herself in ... Opochka with the local priest Pyotr Pogonyalov. But the main miracle is not this, but the fact that in the leather cover of the book, the current owner of the book recently discovered twenty-six letters and other original documents of A.P. Hannibal! Among them: "Eestract[concise summary. - S. G.] on the state of the Pskov fortress in 1724 ", a letter from 1756 addressed to the landowner of Opochetsa Vasilisa Yevstigneevna Bogdanova, whom he calls his benefactor, and a letter to Abram Petrovich about buying from her for Petrovsky" nine male and female peasants from the village of Bryukhov "(Geych.); Wed: The great humanists of that time raised their voices against the Turks. Victor Hugo, Charles Darwin, Oscar Wilde, Lev Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, D.I. Mendeleev, V.M. Garshin, V.V. Vereshchagin(Sol.).

Homogeneous members of the sentence can be separated from the generalizing word by a dash (instead of the usual colon in this case), if they perform the function of an application with a refinement value: Therefore, after him[rain] mushrooms begin to climb violently - sticky boletus, yellow chanterelles, boletus, ruddy mushrooms, mushrooms and countless toadstools(Paust.).

If homogeneous terms are in the middle of a sentence and it becomes necessary to present them as an expression of a passing, clarifying remark, a dash is placed on both sides: Anything that could muffle sounds carpets, curtains and upholstered furniture- Grieg removed from the house a long time ago(Paust.); Everyone - and the Motherland, and both Lychkov, and Volodka- white horses, little ponies, fireworks, a boat with lanterns come to mind(H); For everything that exists in nature - water, air, sky, clouds, sun, rains, forests, swamps, rivers and lakes, meadows and fields, flowers and grasses- in the Russian language there are a great many good words and names(Paust.). (Homogeneous members of a sentence act as an insert.)

The general tendency of displacing the colon with a dash has also affected the design of homogeneous members of a sentence with generalizing words: in modern printing practice, a dash is often placed after generalizing words: By noon, the distant jumble of Baku- gray mountains, gray skies, gray houses covered with patches of bright, but also gray sunlight(Paust.). This use of the sign can be recognized as acceptable: This map contains all the signs - a dry pine tree by the road, a boundary pillar, thickets of euonymus, an ant heap, again a lowland, where forget-me-nots always bloom, and behind it a pine tree with the letter "o" carved on the bark - a lake(Paust.); Everything was useful to me - and the Pskov childhood, colored by an unconscious desire to understand and feel spiritual world the older generation, and the Moscow adolescence, when, breaking down and stumbling, I still did not stop listening to the voices coming from this cherished world(Kav.); Along the figure [on the book page] all the names of the philosopher's stone are carefully listed - the great magisterium, the red lion, the only tincture, the elixir of life(Kav.); Everything worried his mind then - and meadows, and fields, and forest, and groves, in the "chapel of an old storm, the noise, the old woman is a wonderful legend."(Geych.); Now we are investigating the so-called induced magnetic fields of the brain, i.e. its magnetic response to a stimulus presented to a person - a sound, a flash of light, a weak electric current(journal); It has been proven that by studying weak physical fields of an organism - magnetic, electric, thermal, acoustic, radio emission - it is possible to obtain interesting information (journal); All these words - and okoy, and stozhars, and lzya, and the verb "september" (about the first autumn colds) - I heard in everyday speech from an old man with a perfect childish soul, a zealous worker and a poor man, but not because of poverty, but therefore, that he was content with the least in his life, from a lonely peasant from the village of Solotchi ...(Paust.); Lucy I forgot everything - both Sundays in the spring, when they were storing firewood, and the fields where I worked, and the fallen Igrenka, and the incident at the bird cherry bush, and much, much more - what happened even earlier, I forgot completely, to the point of emptiness(Disp.); During bad weather, you begin to appreciate simple earthly blessings - a warm hut, a fire in a Russian stove, a squeak of a samovar, dry straw on the floor, covered with a rough row for the night, the lulling sound of rain on the roof and a sweet nap(Paust.); ... I'm looking for a meeting with everything related to Blok, - with people, surroundings, Petersburg landscape(Paust.); Lived there people brown from the sun, - gold diggers, hunters, artists, cheerful vagabonds, selfless women, cheerful and gentle like children, but above all - sailors(Paust.); The hotel smelled like the 17th century - incense, bread, leather(Paust.); Everything that catches the eye, - forest, barge, rows of birches - grew overnight, stretched up and rejuvenated(Lip.); We went for a walk, and I began to tell Valya about everything at once - the Arab rank, the university, the "serapion"(Kav.); And where everything went away so soon - and the hopeless endless darkness in the sky, and rain, and night worries, and fears - it was impossible to imagine(Disp.); In the end, Mityai felt this too, and lagged behind him. Sanya, on this bright morning, was delighted - and the way the raindrops fell from the cedar and splashed on the hut; and then, how peaceful and sad, causing some incomprehensible sweetness in the chest, the fire died down; and that, how stupefying and tart the forest ground smelled after the rain; how more and more the lowlands were bleached where they had to go; and even the way the nutcracker suddenly screamed over their heads(Schedule).

Homogeneous definitions are separated by a comma, heterogeneous ones are not separated. Definitions can be homogeneous or heterogeneous depending on their semantics, location and way of expression.

Definitions-adjectives denoting different signs of an object are not homogeneous: Large glass the doors were wide open(Kav.) - designation of size and material; Former Eliseevsk my dining room was decorated with frescoes(Kav.) - designation of a temporary sign and a sign of belonging; Thick rough the notebook in which I wrote down plans and rough sketches was laid in the bottom of the suitcase(Kav.) - designation of size and purpose; Found in my archive yellow school fluent notebook(Kav.) - designation of color and purpose; The forests, obliquely lit by the sun, seemed to him heaps of light copper ore- designation of weight and material; Our famous and most courageous traveler Karelin gave me a very unflattering written certification(Paust.) - designation of assessment and form; Black bog oaks lie at the bottom of Hotz(Paust.) - designation of color and method of dressing; For tea, the foreman served stringy cherry jam(Paust.) - designation of the property and material of the object; From the corridor we went to narrow stone back stairs(Ex.) - designation of the shape, material and location of the object.

Note... As a rule, definitions expressed by a combination of qualitative and relative adjectives (they denote different signs) act as heterogeneous: Behind the church shone in the sun fine clay pond(Boon.). How heterogeneous can be characterized and the definitions expressed quality adjectives different semantic classes: They began to fall to the ground cold large drops(M.G.)

Definitions denoting signs are the same, but referring to different objects, are homogeneous: A talented student who spoke five languages ​​and felt like French, Spanish, German literature at home, he boldly used his knowledge(Kav.).

Homogeneous definitions that express similar features of one object, i.e. characterize the subject on the one hand: Appeared in the mirror self-confident, self-righteous boy(Kav.); It was boring, boring day(Kav.); Lena arranged for her in spacious, empty the room(Kav.); Winter at first swayed reluctantly, like last year, then it burst in unexpectedly, with sharp, cold by the wind(Kav.). The similarity of features can manifest itself on the basis of some generalization of values, for example, along the line of evaluativeness: And this minute discreet, gentle, polite Zoshchenko suddenly said to me with irritation:(Kav.).

Context conditions can bring definitions closer together based on the unity of the sensations they convey (touch, taste, etc.): On a clear, warm morning, at the end of May, in Obruchanovo, they brought two horses to the local blacksmith Rodion Petrov to forge two horses(H); Bliss was cool, fresh, tasty water rolling gently off the shoulders(Kav.).

Entry into synonymous relations is clearly found in artistic definitions, when one or another adjective is used not in a direct sense: It was May - glorious, merry May!(M.G.); In the distance he has already grown into solid, wide sound like rubbing with a huge brush on dry ground(M.G.); I shook the one held out to me big, callous hand(Shol.); Cruel, cold spring kills the swollen buds(Ahm.). The synonymy, and thus the homogeneity, of the definitions is emphasized by the addition of one of them by the compositional union and: In them[songs] prevailed heavy, sad and hopeless notes(M.G.); Such scanty, grayish and deceitful siskin! (M.G.); Burnt, tanned and dusty faces were quite the color of brown rags(M.G.)

Adjective definitions can be combined with participle definitions or participial phrases. The placement of the comma depends in this case on the location of the participial phrase. If the participle turnover is in second place (as if it breaks the close connection between the adjective and the noun), then a comma is put between the definitions: The grove listened and felt something good and strong, this feeling filled her with warmth and light, and even old, covered with gray lichens the branches of the trees whispered of bygone days(M.G.); Small, sometimes drying up in summer rivulet opposite the Mokhovsky farm in swampy, overgrown with alders the floodplain spilled over a kilometer(Shol.); On the other side, in the collective farm shed, was waiting for us old, battered"Jeep" left there in winter(Shol.); In the spring, as soon as the air warms up, and with it our rustic, closed for the winter, frozen for long winter months house, we move to the village(Sol.); The sun gains dull, somewhat silvery Colour(Paust.). (Compare another arrangement of definitions: old branches covered with gray lichens; in some places a small rivulet that dries up in summer; swampy floodplain overgrown with alders; a battered old "jeep"; a village house closed for the winter; a country house frozen over the long winter months.) Thus, the participial turnover before the definition-adjective refers to the following combination of the definition-adjective and the word being defined: Each time it appeared and again drowned in pitch darkness the steppe village leaning against the wide beams(Paust.); One night in early April forty-third floodplain meadows flooded with melt water between Sevsky and Yurasov farms, then further to Sennoye (as you can see, even the name of the village spoke of the richness and rare clouds... (Paust.); Sergey saw white leaves floating in the air notebooks(Sparrow.).

Note... If the participial turnover acquires a clarifying connotation of meaning, it, located between the definition-adjective and the word being defined, is isolated: Brother did not take from her face blue, now as if radiant, huge eye(cf .: ... blue, now like radiant eyes).

A comma is used when combining agreed and inconsistent definitions (the inconsistent definition is placed in the second position): Meanwhile squat with brown walls wintering Klyushins really burned while a slightly dodged seven-line lamp(Bel.); She took off the table thick, fringed tablecloth and bed another, white(Nile.).

The definitions after the word being defined, regardless of their meaning, act as homogeneous: in the postposition, each of the definitions is supplied with an independent logical stress: Word bombastic, fake, bookish acted on him sharply(Boon.).

Note 1... If these definitions are not closely related in meaning to the word being defined, then they simultaneously become separate, as evidenced by the natural pause after the word being defined: The pond shone in the sun, fine, clayey; Drops began to fall on the ground cold, large; They built a house beautiful, two-story.

Note 2... Postpositive definitions in terminological combinations are not separated by commas: early terry aster, wheat winter frost-resistant... In addition, sometimes post-positive definitions in rhythmic (poetic) speech are not separated by commas: And bottomless blue eyes bloom on the distant shore(Bl.).

Definitions related to explanatory relations are separated by commas, although they are not homogeneous, since the second of them reveals the content of the first: He ... stepped gingerly along the gleaming wire with a fresh, fresh sense of delight.(Gran.) - here new in the meaning of "fresh"; without comma, i.e. when the explanatory relations are removed, there will be a new meaning: "there was already a" fresh feeling of delight "and a new one appeared" (there is only one logical stress: new fresh feeling, but new, fresh feeling); “Adopt an orphan,” said a third, new voice.(M.G.) - new definition clarifies definition third; Nature has no more talented and less talented works. They can be divided into those and others only with our human points of view(Sol.); Each seminar had its own, special atmosphere(Kav.); Noticing that he was wearing a light velvet jacket, he thought about it and told him to give himself another, cloth frock coat(Ven.).

Depending on the meaning, non-unionized applications can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. The applications before the word being defined and denoting close features of an object, characterizing it on the one hand, are homogeneous and separated by commas: laureate Nobel Prize, Academician A.D. Sakharov- honorary titles; Doctor of Philology, Professor S.I. Radzig - academic degree and rank; World Cup winner, European champion - sporting titles; Olympic champion, holder of the "golden belt" of the European champion, one of the most technical boxers, candidate of technical sciences, professor- listing of different titles.

If applications designate different signs of an object, characterize it from different sides, then they are heterogeneous and are not separated by commas: First Deputy Defense Minister General of the Army- position and military rank; Chief Designer of the Design Institute for Precast Concrete Engineering Construction Engineer- position and profession; general manager production association candidate of technical sciences- position and academic degree.

When homogeneous and heterogeneous applications are combined, punctuation marks are placed accordingly: Head of the interuniversity department of general and university pedagogy, Doctor of Pedagogy, Professor; Honored Master of Sports, Olympic champion, two-time World Cup winner, student of the Institute of Physical Education; honored master of sports, absolute world champion student of the Institute of Physical Education.

Applications after the word being defined, regardless of the meaning they convey (each of them has a logical stress), are separated by commas, besides, they must be separated: Lyudmila Pakhomova, Honored Master of Sports, Olympic champion, multiple world and European champion, coach; N.V. Nikitin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, laureate of the USSR State Prize, author of the project of the Ostankino television tower; S.P. Korolev, designer of the first rocket and space systems, founder of practical cosmonautics, academician.

Solotcha is located 25 km from Ryazan. You need to leave the city along Yesenin Street. The only thing, auto travelers - be aware that the section of Yesenin Street from Teatralnaya Square is one-way. This means that instead of driving directly and quickly out of the city to Solotcha, you need to spend time taking a detour along the side and incomprehensible streets. The road to Solotcha is good.

To understand what Solotcha is, it would be nice to take off and look at it from top to bottom. And see underneath the blue thread of the river and the sea of ​​pine caps. This is for those who have developed spatial imagination.

Those who perceive the world more through feelings, it is better to imagine how pine trunks smell in the sun. How the rustling blows of pine cones sound against the springy mossy-grassy fur coat of the earth or against your hair. Like huge lily of the valley thickets hug the legs of pine giants. Clouds of strawberry flowers are smiling at the sun through dry pine needles. And even better - jump on a bike and break the enveloping pine air with speed. Or just fill yourself from head to toe with it while slowly sailing along the turns of stitch paths. Or, in shorts, swimsuits, you can carelessly rush somewhere deep into the countless pine row - there is also a cool river, and even dunes, and you can see the tangled roots of pine trees growing on a high bank-cliff. In Solotchinsky Bory - sanatoriums and rest houses are hiding.

For those who love facts, here's the information: Solotcha is the land of the immense forests of Meshchera. (In the word "Meschera" the stress is on the last syllable). Meshchera since ancient times was divided between the three principalities into Moscow, Vladimir and Ryazan. The swamps - mshary - stretch for kilometers. And the forests of Meshchera are dense, dense and mysterious. They say there are places where time stops ...

1

We are going here to see the Solotchinsky nunnery, which, in one word, will be warmth. If a few, then I will add - silence and joy. The monastery is located right in the center of Solotcha. Solotcha is a small, very small town. It could be called a large village, but this is hindered by the central concreted square, still headed by Ilyich, with stunted unkempt plantings in the flower beds. View of the statue hollows the monastery wall. We parked. We entered.

Solotchinsky monastery - was founded 10 years after the Battle of Kulikovo (in 1390) by Prince Oleg Ryazansky. Here he took monastic vows and schema, and after another 12 years (in 1402) he found his last resting place. For some reason, I often come across discrepancies - in one place they write that the Intercession Monastery (in the name of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos), in another, that it is the Nativity of the Theotokos (in the name of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos). I did not find the details. Apparently, when there was his re-consecration.

The first temple of the monastery, erected under Prince Oleg, was indeed Pokrovsky, stood on the banks of the Oka, and later the tomb of Prince Oleg (in the schema of Joachim) and his wife, Princess Efrosinya (in monasticism Eupraxia) was installed in it.

In the 16th century. beautiful white stone built Cathedral of the Nativity (in the center). His style is Old Russian.

1

In the 17th century. being completed Spiritual Church(in the name of the Holy Spirit) with the Refectory(left), Holy gates with the gateway Church of the Forerunner(in the name of John the Baptist) , as well as the Bell tower and cells(left). Build by Yakov Bukhvostov. Style - Naryshkin Baroque. Decorates with tiles - Stepan Polubes (if not himself, then his workshop). Particularly beautiful tiled figures of the four evangelists are located on the gateway church.

In the 18th century. the sandy shore has slid along with a fragment (northwest corner) of the monastery. The river bank was fortified, and the prince's relics were transferred to the Nativity Cathedral.

The territory of the monastery is quite large, with a minimum of asphalt paths (in my opinion, only one). The rest of the space is covered with velvet low grass, trees, and behind the fence there are nuns' beds and beds. There is also a booth offering fresh cottage cheese and milk. The ancient Nativity Cathedral is closed. We just bypassed it. The entrance to the Dukhovskaya church is decorated with birches - recently Trinity was celebrated. My husband stayed to photograph the tiles on the snow-white walls of the church, I climbed the wooden steps and went inside. The main feeling is coziness, the sun's rays pushed the walls of an already large volume of internal space. The nuns went about their business, completely oblivious to me. I put down the candles and suddenly I saw the image of the Mother of God, from which my tears almost flowed. She held the baby's pen raised to her lips. Such a motherly gesture - as if she were kissing her. And this completely led away from the canons. First you see the mother and the baby, then you only understand that this is the Mother of God and the baby Jesus. I asked what the icon was called. - "Comforter" - they answered me. She is on the right. On the left, two unusual images of the Mother of God also attracted attention. One snow-white, decorated with pearls - "Vladimirskaya". Nearby is a very dark face, shimmering in gold - "Iverskaya".

We walked around the church a little more. The territory of the monastery still requires and requires labor. There were few tourists besides us. Then they asked an elderly nun where the monument to Nicholas the Wonderworker is located, which is a copy of the sculpture in Demre (Myra of Lycia) - the Turkish city where the saint was born. It turned out not here, that is, not in the monastery. Necessary behind the square go onto the road and drive a little. This is the village part of Solotcha. On this street on the right we saw a carved house with a mezzanine - Museum of Professor Ivan Petrovich Pozhalostin(1837-1909, 72 years old) of the famous copper engraver. It's a mistake to think that you don't know him - remember the classic black-and-white portrait of Nekrasov, http://www.artsait.ru/art/p/pojalostin/main.htm- This is the work of Pozhalostin, who was called "an outstanding master of classical engraving." With this method of engraving - on a copper plate with an obliquely sharpened steel graver (chisel), the master cuts out strokes or "creates an image with combinations of parallel and intersecting lines and points." And when printing, it fills them with paint. Rembrandt in Holland, Goya in Spain - they were also engravers. Pozhalostin created about 70 engraving portraits, "which brought to us the appearance of the best people of the 19th century." But the unequal competition of engraving with cheaper methods of artistic reproduction led to the elimination of this trend in the Imperial Academy of Arts and the artist's retirement. He left St. Petersburg for his native Solotcha. We did not go to his Museum (76 Poryadok str., Http://www.museum.ru/M1593) for two reasons - because of the lack of time and because of the feedback from people who had been there and called the exposition "very scarce" ... (You can read about Pozhaostin and look at his portrait here http://ryazhsk.ru/content/view/25/).

We drove a little further and stopped at a bright blue churches in honor of the Kazan Mother of God... Here, among the bright flower beds, stands monument to Nicholas the Wonderworker- a figure with hands raised up on the globe. One sculpture is located in hot Turkey in the city of Demre. The second, a copy of it, is in Russia, in Ryazan Solotcha. Put here in 2006. Sculptor - Raisa Lysenina. To the question "Why here in Ryazan and why a copy?" - the answer is this: in the Turkish homeland, this monument to Nicholas the Wonderworker used to stand in the center of the city, and then, for some reason, was dismantled and moved closer to the ruins of the temple where the saint served. Moreover, without a globe, which the Turks have "lost" somewhere ... For some reason, Santa Claus stands in its former place ... Therefore, it was here, on Ryazan land, that people made such a decision - to recreate a copy of it and install it again ...

“… The Lord speaks from the throne, opening the window to heaven:“ O my faithful servant, Mikola, go around the Russian land. Protect the people who have been tormented by grief there in black troubles. Pray with him for victories and for their poverty-stricken comfort “…”. S. Yesenin

The day was approaching the middle and we wanted to satisfy not only curiosity, but also our daily hunger. There were few options, most likely only two roadside a cafe that we saw on the way to Solotcha. One on the right, the other on the left. The preference was given to the second option, called "Forest", which was right in the pine forest. Literally. One pine tree even grew from the roof (apparently, they decided to leave it, not chop it down, and thus built it into the room). I would also like to note that the pine forest in Solotch is what a forest - this is such a height, this is such a width. Ship! It is not for nothing that Solotcha is called “the gateway to the Meshchera,” Meshchera forests have always been the image of a dense, dense, impenetrable forest. So we immediately decided that we would sit in the air. We walked around the cafe on the left and chose a cozy wooden table under an umbrella. While waiting for the order, we walked a little through the forest, among the pine trees. Beauty! I was shocked by the huge lily of the valley plantations, which spread out in a flat carpet under the pine trunks. That which blooms and smells fragrant here in spring is probably called paradise lily of the valley. The pines squeaked, grumbled, the wind got stuck in their tenacious needles and, breaking free, resentfully plucked round cones from the pine curls and threw them down. Everything we ordered was delicious (okroshka, shashlik, salads), although the service was very slow. The main thing here is to enjoy the pine grace.

2.3. Punctuation marks for homogeneous members of a sentence

2.3.1. Homogeneous members, connected and not connected by unions

1. Homogeneous members of the sentence, not connected by unions, are separated by commas: Cold, emptiness, uninhabited spirit meets the house (Sol.); Ahead are the blossoming of cherries, mountain ash, dandelions, rose hips, lilies of the valley ... (Sol.); The smell of the smoke of the village stoves can no longer be heard. Only the silence of water, thickets, age-old willows remains (Paust.); Shcherbatova talked about her childhood, about the Dnieper, about how dry, old willows came to life in their estate in the spring (Paust.); Looking at him [Davydov], I remembered about Przhevalsky about the ancient explorers of the Gobi and the Sahara, about the generals who lost many thousands of armies in the sands, about all the childish romance that was saturated with the desert in my school years (Paust.); Now she wanted to remember this town for the rest of her life, the seating yard with yellow peeling vaults, pigeons in the bazaar, the green sign of the tavern "Tea and sugar!", Every chip on the humped pavement (Paust.). If the last member of the list is joined by a union and, then a comma is not put in front of it: It [the wind] brings coldness, clarity and some emptiness to the whole body (Paust.); For kilometers, there are dense, tall thickets of chamomile, chicory, clover, wild dill, carnations, coltsfoot, dandelions, gentian, plantains, bluebells, buttercups and dozens of other flowering herbs (Paust.).

2. Homogeneous members of the sentence, connected by repeating unions, are separated by commas: There were no stormy words, no passionate confessions, no oaths, but only a heart-breaking tenderness (Paust.); After parting with Lermontov, she could not look either at the steppe, or at people, or at passing villages and cities (Paust.).

3. Homogeneous members of the sentence, fastened by single connecting and dividing unions, are not separated by a comma: The motor ship stood across the river and allowed the current to unfold it downstream (Rasp.); Will he support Uzdechkin or not? (Pan.). In the presence of an adversarial conjunction, a comma is put: He caught the eye of the Falling Leaves, but did not stop (Pan.).

4. With various combinations of union and non-union combinations of homogeneous members of the sentence, the rule is observed - if there are more than two homogeneous members and the union is repeated at least twice, then a comma is placed between all homogeneous members: From the house, from the trees, and from the dovecote, and from the gallery - long shadows ran far from everything (Gonch.); It was sad in the spring air, and in the darkening sky, and in the carriage (Ch.). In the presence of only two homogeneous members, the comma is usually not put (even if the union is repeated twice), especially if their combination is a semantic unity: And day and night, the scientist cat walks around in a chain (P.). If the separation of homogeneous members of the sentence is especially emphasized, then a comma is put: Everything reminded of autumn: both yellow leaves and fogs in the morning.

With a two-fold repetition of other unions, except for and, the comma is always put: And the old man walked around the room and then hummed psalms in an undertone, then impressively taught his daughter (MG); He was ready to believe that he came here at the wrong time - either too late or early (Rasp.); From the large room in the "rooms" occupied by the officers, one could hear either friendly laughter, or the sobbing groans of the guitar and discordant singing (Paust.); They [lamps] only illuminated the walls of the cave hall, or the most beautiful stalagmite (Sol.).

5. When pairing the secondary members of the sentence, a comma is placed between pairs (the union also acts locally, only within groups): Alleys planted with lilacs and lindens, elms and poplars led to a wooden stage (Fed.); The songs were different: about joy and sorrow, the past day and the day to come (Geych.); Books on geography and tourist guides, friends and casual acquaintances told us that Ropotamo is one of the most beautiful and wild places in Bulgaria (Sol.).

Note. In sentences with homogeneous members and unions with them, it is possible to use the same unions, set on a different basis (between different members of the sentence or their groups). In this case, when placing punctuation marks, these different positions of conjunctions are taken into account: ... Everywhere she was greeted cheerfully and friendly and assured her that she was good, sweet, rare (Ch.) - in this sentence, conjunctions should not be considered repetitive, since they unite different members of the proposal (cheerfully and friendly, met and assured); these are single unions that unite; pairs of different members of the proposal. In the example ... No one anymore broke the silence of channels and rivers, did not cut off cold river lilies with a spoon, and did not admire aloud what is best to admire without words (Paust.) The first and unites the word forms of channels and rivers dependent on the word silence, the second and closes a number of homogeneous predicates (did not break, did not cut off and did not admire).

6. Homogeneous members of the proposal, combined in pairs, can be included in other, larger groups, which in turn have unions. Commas in such groups are placed taking into account the entire complex unity as a whole, for example, the opposing relationships between groups of homogeneous members of the sentence are taken into account: Father Christopher, holding a wide-brimmed top hat, bowed to someone and smiled not softly and touchingly, as always, but respectfully and tensely, which did not go very well with his face (Ch.). The different level of connecting relations is also taken into account: In them [shops] you will find calico for shrouds and tar, and candy and borax for exterminating cockroaches - but you will not find anything fresh, hot, nothing healthy! (M.G.) - here, on the one hand, the word forms calico and tar, candy and borax are combined, and on the other, these groups, already as single blocks, constitute a group united by a repeating union and; the comma with this combination fixes the division of the first level.

Note. There may be other blocks of homogeneous members of the sentence, not so much structural as semantic, when the group is formed on the basis of semantic unity: The letter was cold; she re-read it with tears several times and crumpled and crumpled, but it did not get warmer from this, but only got wet (M.G.) - the members of the sentence both crumpled and crumpled as a whole, formed as a result of the similarity of semantics, are combined with the predicate re-read of a completely different semantic plan, which is why the comma is not put here and the conjunctions are considered as qualitatively ambiguous: the first connects the predicate re-read and the combination of crumpled and crumpled, the second turned out to be inside the combination.

7. With homogeneous members of the sentence, in addition to single or repeated unions, paired unions can be used, which are divided into two parts, located at each member of the sentence: not so much ... how much, how ... and, not only ... but and, although ... but, if not ... then, not that ... but (but), as far as ... so much. A comma is always placed before the second part of such unions: Green loved not so much the sea as the sea coasts invented by him ... (Paust.); Fogs in London happen, if not every day, then by all means every other day (Gonch.); They say that in summer Sozopol is flooded with holidaymakers, that is, not so much holidaymakers, but holidaymakers who have come to spend their holidays by the Black Sea (Sol.); Mom was not that angry, but she was still unhappy (Kav.).

8. Between homogeneous members of the sentence (or their groups), a semicolon can be put, especially if there are internal allocations: It turns out that there are subtleties. First, the fire must be smokeless; secondly, it is not very hot, and thirdly, in complete calm (Sol.). The need for a semicolon is heightened if the members of the sentence are common: Both respected him for his excellent, aristocratic manners, for rumors of his victories; because he dressed beautifully and always stayed in the best room in the best hotel; because he dined well in general, and once even dined with Wellington at Louis Philippe's; for the fact that he carried everywhere with him a real silver dressing case and a camping bath; for the fact that he smelled of some extraordinary, surprisingly "noble" perfume; for the fact that he skillfully played whist and always lost ... (T.).

9. Between homogeneous members of the sentence, a dash can also be placed - when the adversary union is skipped: Zoya is windy not from mediocrity and depravity - from loneliness, hopeless longing for true love (gas.); Not to the heavens of someone else's homeland - I composed songs to my homeland (N.); with a sharp and unexpected transition from one action or state to another (usually when the predicate denotes a quick change of actions or an unexpected result): When he comes across barriers, they detain him for a long time (Vlad.); He rustled some paper on the table - a newspaper or something, rolled up, got up and left the compartment (Shuksh.).

10. Homogeneous members of a sentence, connected without conjunctions, are separated by a dash if they form a gradation series. Most often it is observed in heading constructions: Word - deed - result (gas); Teacher - collective - personality (Sukhomlinsky); Play - publishing house - stage (gas).

11. Homogeneous members of the sentence and their various combinations can be parceled, and then the dot sign is used: And then there were long hot months, the wind from the low mountains near Stavropol, smelling of immortelles, the silver crown of the Caucasus Mountains, fights with the Chechens near the forest blockages, the screeching of bullets. Pyatigorsk, strangers with whom you had to behave like friends. And again fleeting Petersburg and the Caucasus, the yellow peaks of Dagestan and the same beloved and salutary Pyatigorsk. A short rest, broad ideas and poems, light and soaring into the sky, like clouds over the tops of mountains. And a duel. And the last thing he noticed on the ground was that simultaneously with Martynov's shot, he fancied a second shot from the bushes under the cliff over which he was standing (Paust.).

2.3.2. Homogeneous terms with generalizing words

1. In the presence of generalizing words with rows of homogeneous members of a sentence, punctuation marks depend on the place of generalizing words in relation to the enumeration row.

If generalizing words precede the enumeration, then a colon is put after them: There were three of them at the reception point, three women: one at the reception of linen, the other at issue, the third at issuing receipts and receiving money (Pisces); The ice fisherman can be different: a retired fisherman, a fisherman-worker and employee, a military fisherman, a fisherman-minister, so to speak, a statesman, a fisherman-intellectual (Sol.); They wrote about him a lot and all in different ways: sometimes with enthusiasm reaching the level of worship, sometimes with bewilderment, and sometimes with mockery (gas.); In this story you will find almost everything that I mentioned above: dry oak leaves, a gray-haired astronomer, the roar of cannonade, Cervantes, people who firmly believe in the victory of humanism, a mountain shepherd dog, a night flight and much more (Paust.); Just as the magic current is turned on, sounds burst in: voices speaking together, the crackle of a cracked nut, a half-step of carelessly handed forceps (Nab.).

The generalizing words that conclude the enumeration series are separated by a dash: Handrails, compasses, binoculars, all sorts of instruments and even high thresholds of the cabins - all this was copper (Paust.); Artists Arkhipov and Malyavin, sculptor Golubkina - all of these Ryazan places (Paust.); And these trips, and our conversations with her - everything was imbued with an aching, hopeless longing (Bek.); And the fact that for the first time I saw a real hardened moose, and the fact that for the first time I would have to destroy a huge living creature, and the fact that it was beautiful, as he walked through the frosty forest - all this made me waste three or four seconds. (Sol.); A warm wooden house surrounded by dry weeds, long days, the thunder of rare shots at wild ducks, five boxes of books (only one of them was read) - all this was left behind, hidden by black water (Paust.).

A colon after generalizing words before listing homogeneous members and a dash after the listing are placed when the sentence does not end with the listing, including when the generalizing word is repeated after the listing: Everywhere: in the club, on the streets, on benches at the gates, in houses noisy conversations (Garsh.); Everything: a carriage quickly drove along the street, a reminder of an offense, a girl's question about a dress that needs to be made; even worse, the word of insincere, weak sympathy - everything painfully irritated the wound, seemed an insult (L. T.); Everything: the sublunary hills, and dark red clover fields, and wet forest paths, and the lush sunset sky - the whole world around me seemed beautiful to me (Sol.). The same when homogeneous members entered one of the parts of a complex sentence: In a few minutes he could draw anything: a human figure, animals, trees, buildings - everything came out in his characteristic and vivid way (Bek.).

Note... In a business and partly scientific speech, a colon can be placed before the listing and without a generalizing word: The meeting was attended by: students, graduate students, teachers.

In fiction and journalistic texts, such a punctuation mark is extremely rare. It is possible only in a text interspersed with elements of scientific speech in order to warn about the subsequent listing: As evidenced by the sheet-by-sheet "inset inscription" on the book, made after the death of Ibrahim Hannibal, she somehow miraculously found herself in ... Opochka with the local priest Pyotr Pogonyalov. But the main miracle is not in this, but in the fact that twenty-six letters and other authentic documents were recently discovered in the leather cover of the book by its current owner! Among them: “Eestrakt [condensed presentation. - SG] about the state of the Pskov fortress in 1724 ", a letter from 1756 addressed to the landowner of Opochetsa Vasilisa Evstigneevna Bogdanova, whom he calls his benefactor, and a letter to Abram Petrovich about buying from her for Petrovsky" nine male and female peasants from the village of Bryukhov ”(Geych.); Wed: The great humanists of that time raised their voices against the Turks. Victor Hugo, Charles Darwin, Oscar Wilde, Lev Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, (Sol.) Spoke out in defense of the Bulgarians.

2. Homogeneous members of the sentence can be separated from the generalizing word by a dash (instead of the usual colon in this case), if they perform the function of an application with the meaning of a refinement: Therefore, after it [rain] mushrooms begin to climb violently - sticky boletus, yellow chanterelles, boletus, ruddy mushrooms, mushrooms and countless toadstools (Paust.).

If homogeneous members are in the middle of a sentence and it becomes necessary to present them as an expression of a passing, clarifying remark, a dash is placed on both sides: Everything that could muffle sounds - carpets, curtains and upholstered furniture - Grieg removed from the house long ago (Paust.); Everyone - the Motherland, both the Lychkovs, and Volodka - recalls white horses, little ponies, fireworks, a boat with lanterns (Ch.); For everything that exists in nature - water, air, sky, clouds, sun, rain, forests, swamps, rivers and lakes, meadows and fields, flowers and grasses - in the Russian language there are a great many good words and names (Paust. ). (Homogeneous members of a sentence act as an insert.)

3. The general tendency of displacing the colon with a dash sign also affected the design of homogeneous members of a sentence with generalizing words: in modern printing practice, a dash is often placed after generalizing words: By noon, a distant heap of Baku began - gray mountains, gray skies, gray houses, over the dull water, covered with patches of bright, but also gray sunlight (Paust.). This use of the sign can be recognized as acceptable: All the signs are drawn on this map - a dry pine tree by the road, a boundary pillar, thickets of euonymus, an ant heap, again a lowland, where forget-me-nots always bloom, and behind it a pine tree with the letter "o" carved on the bark - a lake (Paust.); Everything was useful to me - both the Pskov childhood, colored with an unconscious desire to understand and feel the spiritual world of the older generation, and the Moscow adolescence, when, breaking down and stumbling, I still did not stop listening to the voices coming from this cherished world (Kav.); Along the figure [on the page of the book] all the names of the philosopher's stone are carefully listed - the great magisterium, the red lion, the only tincture, the elixir of life (Kav.); Everything then worried his mind - and meadows, and fields, and forest, and groves, in the "chapel of an old storm the noise, the old woman's wonderful legend" (Geich.); Now we are investigating the so-called induced magnetic fields of the brain, that is, its magnetic response to a stimulus presented to a person - a sound, a flash of light, a weak electric current (journal); It has been proven that by examining the weak physical fields of the body - magnetic, electric, thermal, acoustic, radio emission - it is possible to obtain interesting information (zh.); All these words - and okoy, and stozhars, and lzya, and the verb "september" (about the first autumn colds) - I heard in everyday speech from an old man with a perfect childish soul, a zealous worker and a poor man, but not out of poverty, but therefore, that he was content in his life with the least, from a lonely peasant from the village of Solotchi ... (Paust.); Lyusya forgot everything - both Sundays in the spring, when they were storing firewood, and the fields where she worked, and the fallen Igrenka, and the incident at the bird cherry bush, and much, much more - what happened even earlier, she completely forgot, to the point of emptiness (Rasp.) ; During bad weather, you begin to appreciate simple earthly blessings - a warm hut, a fire in a Russian stove, a squeak of a samovar, dry straw on the floor, covered with a rough row for the night, the lulling sound of rain on the roof and a sweet nap (Paust.); ... I am looking for a meeting with everything that was associated with Blok - with people, the situation, the Petersburg landscape (Paust. ); There lived people brown from the sun - gold diggers, hunters, artists, cheerful vagabonds, selfless women, cheerful and gentle as children, but above all - sailors (Paust.); The hotel smelled like the 17th century - incense, bread, leather (Paust.); Everything that catches the eye - a forest, a barge, rows of birches - has grown overnight, stretched upward and rejuvenated (Lip.); We went for a walk, and I began to tell Valya about everything at once - the Arab rank, the university, "serapion" (Kav.); And where everything went so soon - and the hopeless endless darkness in the sky, and rain, and night worries, and fears - it was impossible to imagine (Rasp.); In the end, Mityai felt this too, and lagged behind him. Sanya, on that bright morning, was delighted - and the way the raindrops fell from the cedar and splashed on the hut; and then, how peaceful and sad, causing some incomprehensible sweetness in the chest, the fire died down; and that, how stupefying and tart the forest ground smelled after the rain; how more and more the lowlands were bleached where they had to go; and even how suddenly the nutcracker screamed over their heads in an unexpectedly bad voice, frightening them (Rasp.).

2.3.3. Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions

Homogeneous definitions are separated by a comma, heterogeneous ones are not separated. Definitions can be homogeneous or heterogeneous depending on their semantics, location and way of expression.

1. Definitions-adjectives denoting different features of an object are not homogeneous: Large glass doors were wide open (Kav.) - designation of size and material; The former Eliseevskaya dining room was decorated with frescoes (Kav.) - a designation of a temporary sign and a sign of belonging; A thick draft notebook, in which I wrote down plans and rough sketches, was laid at the bottom of the suitcase (Kav.) - a designation of size and purpose; In my archive I found a yellow school notebook, written in fluent handwriting (Kav.) - designation of color and purpose; The forests, obliquely illuminated by the sun, seemed to him to be heaps of light copper ore — a sign of weight and material; Our well-known and most courageous traveler Karelin gave me a very unflattering written certification about Kara-Bugaz (Paust.) - designation of assessment and form; At the bottom of Hotz lie black bog oaks (Paust.) - designation of color and method of dressing; For tea, the foreman served a viscous cherry jam (Paust.) - designation of the property and material of the object; From the corridor we came out onto a narrow stone back staircase (Ven.) - a designation of the shape, material and location of the object.

Note... As a rule, definitions expressed by a combination of qualitative and relative adjectives (they denote different signs) act as heterogeneous: A shallow clay pond glistened in the sun behind the church (Bun.). Definitions expressed by qualitative adjectives of different semantic classes can also be characterized as heterogeneous: Cold large drops began to fall on the ground (MG).

2. Definitions denoting signs are the same, but referring to different subjects, are homogeneous: A talented student who spoke five languages ​​and felt at home in French, Spanish, German literature, he boldly used his knowledge (Kav.).

3. Homogeneous definitions that express similar signs of one object, that is, characterize the object from one side: A self-confident, self-satisfied boy (Kav.) Appeared in the mirror; It was a boring, tiring day (Kav.); Lena settled her in a spacious, empty room (Kav.); Winter at first swayed reluctantly, like last year, then it burst in unexpectedly, with a sharp, cold wind (Kav.). The similarity of signs can manifest itself on the basis of some generalization of meanings, for example, along the line of evaluativeness: And at that moment the restrained, soft, polite Zoshchenko suddenly said to me with irritation: - You cannot go into literature, pushing your elbows (Kav.).

4. The conditions of the context can bring the definitions closer together on the basis of the unity of the sensations transmitted by them (touch, taste, etc.): On a clear, warm morning, at the end of May, in Obruchanovo, two horses were reforged to the local blacksmith Rodion Petrov (Ch.) ; The bliss was cool, fresh, tasty water, gently rolling off the shoulders (Kav.).

5. Entry into synonymous relations is clearly revealed in artistic definitions, when this or that adjective is not used in a direct sense: It was May, - glorious, cheerful May! (M.G.); In the distance it has already grown into a solid, wide sound, similar to the rubbing of a huge brush on dry ground (MG); I shook the big, callous hand extended to me (Shol.); A cruel, cold spring kills overflowing buds (Ahm.). The synonymy, and thus homogeneity, of the definitions is emphasized by the addition of one of them with a compositional union and: Heavy, dull and hopeless notes predominated in them [songs] (MG); Such a scanty, grayish and deceitful siskin! (M.G.); The weary, tanned and dusty faces were quite the same color as the brown rags (M.G.).

6. Definitions-adjectives can be combined with definitions-participles or participial phrases. The placement of the comma depends in this case on the location of the participial phrase. If the participle turnover is in second place (as if it breaks the close connection between the adjective and the noun), then a comma is placed between the definitions: The grove listened and felt something good and strong, this feeling filled it with warmth and light, and even the old tree branches covered with gray lichen whispered about the past days (MG); A small, in places drying up in summer rivulet opposite the Mokhovsky farm in a swampy floodplain overgrown with alders overflowed for a whole kilometer (Shol.); On the other side, in the collective farm shed, an old, battered "jeep" was waiting for us, left there in the winter (Shol.); In the spring, as soon as the air warms up, and with it our country house, closed for the winter, frozen during the long winter months, we move to the village (Sol.); The sun acquires a dull, somewhat silvery color (Paust.). (Compare another arrangement of definitions: old branches covered with gray lichens; in places a small rivulet that dries up in summer; swampy floodplain overgrown with alders; a battered old "jeep"; a village house closed for the winter; a country house frozen over the long winter months.) the turn before the definition-adjective refers to the following combination of the definition-adjective and the word being defined: Each time, a steppe village, leaning against the wide ravines, appeared and sank again in the pitch darkness (Paust.); On one of the nights in early April 1943, floodplain meadows flooded with melt water between the Sevsky and Yurasov farms, then further to Sennoye (as you can see, even the name of the village spoke of the richness and clouds ... (Paust.); Sergei saw white sheets of a notebook floating in the air (Sparrow).

Note... If the participial turnover acquires a clarifying connotation of meaning, it, being located between the definition-adjective and the defined word, separates itself: Her brother did not take his blue, now as if radiant, huge eyes from her face (cf .: ... blue, now as if radiant eyes).

7. A comma is put in a combination of agreed and inconsistent definitions (the inconsistent definition is placed in the second position): Meanwhile, in the squat, with brown walls of the Klyushins' wintering house, a slightly ducked seven-line lamp (Bel.) Was really burning so far; She took off a thick fringed tablecloth from the table and laid another, white (Nil.).

8. The definitions after the word being defined, regardless of their meaning, act as homogeneous: in the postposition, each of the definitions is supplied with an independent logical stress: The word pompous, false, bookish acted on him sharply (Bun.).

Note 1... If these definitions are not closely related in meaning to the word being defined, then they simultaneously become separate, as evidenced by the natural pause after the word being defined: A pond shone in the sun, shallow, clayey; Drops began to fall on the ground, cold, large; They built a beautiful two-storey house.

Note 2... Postpositive definitions in terminological combinations are not separated by commas: early terry aster, frost-resistant winter wheat. In addition, sometimes post-positive definitions in rhythmic (poetic) speech are not separated by commas: And bottomless blue eyes bloom on the distant shore (Bl.).

9. Definitions connected by explanatory relations are separated by commas, although they are not homogeneous, since the second of them reveals the content of the first: He ... cautiously walked along the shining wire with a new, fresh feeling of delight (Gran.) - here a new meaning " fresh"; without a comma, that is, when the explanatory relations are removed, there will be a new meaning: "there was already a" fresh feeling of delight "and a new one appeared" (there is only one logical stress: a new fresh feeling, but a new, fresh feeling); - Shelter an orphan, - entered the third, a new voice (MG) - the new definition explains the definition of the third; Nature has no more talented and less talented works. They can be divided into those and others only from our, human point of view (Sol.); Each seminar had its own special atmosphere (Kav.); Noticing that he was wearing a light velvet jacket, he thought about it and ordered to give himself another, cloth coat (Ven.).

2.3.4. Homogeneous and heterogeneous applications

1. Depending on the meaning, applications that are not connected by unions can be homogeneous and heterogeneous. The appendices in front of the defined word and designating close signs of the subject, characterizing it on the one hand, are homogeneous and separated by commas: Nobel Prize laureate, academician - honorary titles; Doctor of Philology, Professor - academic degree and title; World Cup winner, European champion - sports titles; Olympic champion, holder of the "golden belt" of the European champion, one of the most technical boxers, candidate of technical sciences, professor - a list of different titles.

If the appendices designate different signs of an object, characterize it from different sides, then they are heterogeneous and are not separated by commas: First Deputy Defense Minister General of the Army - position and military rank; Chief Designer of the Design Institute for Construction Engineering for Precast Concrete Engineer - position and profession; general director of the production association, candidate of technical sciences - position and academic degree.

2. With a combination of homogeneous and heterogeneous applications, punctuation marks are placed accordingly: head of the interuniversity department of general and university pedagogy, Doctor of Pedagogy, Professor; Honored Master of Sports, Olympic champion, two-time World Cup winner, student of the Institute of Physical Education; honored master of sports, absolute world champion student of the Institute of Physical Education.

3. The appendices after the word being defined, regardless of the meaning they convey (each of them has a logical stress), are separated by commas, besides, they must be separated: Lyudmila Pakhomova, Honored Master of Sports, Olympic champion, multiple world and European champion, coach; , Doctor of Technical Sciences, laureate of the USSR State Prize, author of the project of the Ostankino television tower; , the designer of the first rocket and space systems, the founder of practical cosmonautics, academician.

2.4. Punctuation marks for repeated members of a sentence

1. A comma is placed between the repeated members of the sentence. The repetition of the members of the sentence is associated with the strengthening of their meaning; so, repetition can:

1) emphasize the duration of the ongoing action, state: Food, food in an open field; bell ding-ding-ding ... Scary, scary involuntarily among the unknown plains! (NS.); Swam, floated in the dark blue vague depths foamed by the wind clouds (Shol.);

2) express the perseverance of the request, a strong manifestation of the sign: - Please, please, come back; “I smelled, smelled death. She broke off again and nodded. - I sensed, I sensed (Rasp.);

3) point to big number objects or phenomena: Midnight trolleybus, rush along the street, spinning along the boulevards to pick up everyone who crashed at night, crashed (Ok.); On the Smolensk road - forests, forests, forests. On the Smolensk road - pillars, pillars, pillars (approx.);

4) to indicate a high degree of the trait: Darling, darling! .. He loved the peasant! .. (Shuksh.); Why are you walking, my son, lonely, lonely? (OK.);

5) reinforce the stated statement or denial: No, no! Not a word about this today (Cool.); - So, so, - Maxim nodded (Shuksh.);

7) to emphasize the intensity of the sign, the phenomenon: There was a thick, succulent meadow grass (Sol.).

2. Duplicate members of a sentence with particles, unions, used in the connecting meaning, are separated by a dash: Leave - and quickly leave.

The same when repeating with an expanded characteristic: At the foot of the fences, the last ones bloom in the dust yellow flowers- those modest autumn flowers of roadsides and wastelands that do not even have a name. Maybe they have a name, but no one knows it, except for botanists (Paust.).

In the absence of a sharp pause, a comma is also possible: You, and only you, are capable of this; We need facts, and only facts.

3. A comma is not put if there is a particle not or like this with a repeating member of the sentence: Work is work; No, no, no; Drive like this; Time is not time, but it is necessary to do; Valeria looked at me again and said nothing: tomorrow is like that tomorrow (Sol.); Everything is at hand in our village: a forest is a forest, a river is a river (Sol.). Such combinations are perceived as whole turns of speech. However, a repeating predicate with a particle can be thought of in such a way and dismembered: - Well! He suddenly exclaims with an unexpected burst of energy. - Get together, so get together (Kupr.); Well, it will be, thanks! I did it, I did it (Chuck.).

4. Duplicate members of a sentence can form Difficult words and written with a hyphen (usually with one logical stress): - Eh, men, men! - said Nazarka contritely (Cool.); Clean, clean I lie in the influx of dawn (Ok.). Such words mean the highest degree manifestations of the sign, the continuity and intensity of the action being performed and the action limited to any length of time, white-white ("very white"), ran-ran and choked ("ran continuously"), no-no, and even look ("from time to time time, occasionally "), stood for a while and left (" for a while ").

5. Interrogative-relative pronouns and adverbs with the meaning of indeterminacy are written through a hyphen (as a rule, when opposed): To whom, but he has known everything for a long time; Where, where, and in our region there are magnificent lakes.

Note... When repeating pronouns and adverbial words with prepositions, a comma is put: In what, in what, and in this case, he ate the dog; Already at whom, at whom, but at his house everything is in order; What, what they just did not talk about when they met!

2.5. Punctuation marks for isolated members of a sentence

2.5.1. Punctuation marks with separate identifying phrases

Stand-alone and non-stand-alone agreed definitions

Agreed definitions, single or as part of attributive phrases, are expressed by concordant parts of speech - adjectives and participles. Isolation or non-isolation of agreed definitions depends on the location in relation to the defined word, on the way of expressing the defined word, on the degree of prevalence of the definition, on the presence of additional meanings that complicate the definition.

1. Commas are used to distinguish attributive phrases (definitions expressed by a participle or an adjective with dependent words) after the noun being defined: Pebbles crunched underfoot, with a dull sheen reminiscent of the skin of a snake thrown off (Leon.); Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, who was still crossing Siberia on horseback at the end of the last century on a trip to Sakhalin, got bored until the Yenisei itself (Rasp.); The master, who was dozing on the grass, stood up and nodded (Hall); After the death of Pushkin, the billiards, which had become completely dilapidated, was sent back to the barn (Goych.); A child, beloved and the only one, Svetka connected the family for some time (Ast.); In the hard grass, similar to the wool of a goat, lilac low flowers bloomed between the low wormwood (Tsv.); In our yard, covered with straw, chickens roam and always give way (Tsv.); Dust, pink from the flash of lightning, swept along the ground (Paust.).

Note... Post-positive phrases are not isolated if the noun they define necessarily needs a definition: He could hear things rather unpleasant for himself if Grushnitsky had recently guessed the truth (L.); - the combination could hear things inferior in meaning.

2. The definitive turn before the noun being defined and having no additional meaning is not separated from the word being defined: They quickly turned around on the barnyard covered with earth and, not paying attention to the shelling, rushed along the gravel road (Bull.); The silence of that night was filled with the music of the unborn Tchaikovsky (Hall); In this box, Yazykov then kept his souvenirs from Trigorskoye, letters to him from Pushkin and Osipov-Wulf, and the autograph of poems given to him by Pushkin "A green oak near the sea ..." (Geych.).

A prepositive turnover, complicated by an additional adverbial connotation of meaning, stands out; in this case there is a pause before the noun being defined, and the turn itself is intonationally separated from the name; Wed: A house surrounded by a green hedge attracted our attention (a pause after the word house, included in the definitional phrase “A house surrounded by a green hedge”). - Surrounded by a green hedge, the house was not visible from afar (a pause before the word house; the definition is complicated by the circumstantial meaning: since it was surrounded by a green hedge). Wed See also: Beetroot soaked in rain and seized by frost did not succumb to pitchfork (Sparrow) - definitions are included in a single syntagma with the word being defined (pause after the noun Buraki). - Moistened with rain and seized by frost, the beetroots did not succumb to the pitchfork - the definitions, having received additional causal meaning, broke away from the word being defined, acquiring intonation and semantic independence (a pause before the noun Buraki); Harvested underground, the harvest promised a well-fed winter (Tsv.). - Harvested underground, the harvest promised a well-fed winter. In the first case, the determinative turnover is included in a single syntagma with a definable name, a pause after the word harvest. In the second case, the turnover harvested underground stands apart, in isolation from the name (a pause before the name), such a turnover acquires an additional causal connotation of meaning (Since it was removed underground, the harvest promised a well-fed winter). Isolation makes it possible to change the whole meaning of the statement: in the first case, without isolation, it is stated that harvested crop, in itself, promises a well-fed winter; in the second case, an additional meaning arises - the harvest itself is not a guarantee of a cold winter, one must be able to preserve it.