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Professional standards in the practice of vocational education. Professional standards - concept and application

Professional standards in our country are developed in accordance with clause 1 of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7. 2012 No. 597 “On measures to implement the state social policy", according to which by 2015 at least 800 professional standards should be developed and approved. Currently, the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation has approved 14 professional standards, incl. in such professions as teacher, specialist in medical and social examination, welder, specialist in working with families, etc. And in total in 2013 there should be more than 300 of them.

What is a professional standard

In December 2012, changes were made to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation: Chapter 31 was supplemented with Article 195.1. The concept of employee qualifications, professional standards, according to which:

Professional standard - this is a characteristic of the qualifications necessary for an employee to carry out a certain type of work professional activity, A

Employee qualification- this is the level of knowledge, skills, professional skills and experience of the employee.

The procedure for the development, approval and application of professional standards is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Why are professional standards needed?

Professional standards apply:

employers- during formation personnel policy and in personnel management, when organizing training and certification of workers, developing job descriptions, pricing work, assigning tariff categories to employees and establishing remuneration systems, taking into account the peculiarities of the organization of production, labor and management;
educational organizations vocational education — in the development of professional educational programs;
in the development of federal state educational standards for vocational education.

The professional standard for a teacher is designed to:

determine the required qualifications of the teacher;
provide the necessary training for teachers to obtain high results from their work;
ensure the necessary awareness of the teacher about the requirements placed on him;
promote the involvement of teachers in solving the problem of improving the quality of education.

Structure of the teacher’s professional standard

The professional standard of a teacher was developed on the basis of the “Layout of a Professional Standard”, so when you get acquainted with it, its form may seem unusual to educators.

The professional standard of a teacher contains a description of the labor functions of teachers - teachers, educators, including mathematics teachers (module “Subject teaching. Mathematics”) and Russian language teachers (module “Subject teaching. Russian language”), and consists of 4 sections:

I.. General information.

II. Description of labor functions included in the professional standard (functional map of the type of professional activity).

III. Characteristics of generalized labor functions.

IV. Information about the organizations that developed the professional standard.

Contents of the teacher’s professional standard reflects:

education;
educational work;
development (personal qualities and professional competencies necessary for a teacher to carry out developmental activities);
professional competencies of a teacher, reflecting the specifics of work in an elementary school;
professional competencies of a preschool teacher (educator), reflecting the specifics of work at the preschool level of education;
professional competencies of a teacher, reflecting the specifics of a teacher’s work in primary and secondary schools;
professional competencies of a teacher, reflecting the specifics of the work of a Russian language teacher;
professional competencies of a teacher, reflecting the specifics of the work of a mathematics teacher.

Description of generalized job functions includes the name of the function, skill level, possible job titles, education, training and experience requirements practical work, and special conditions permission to work. Generalized labor functions are divided into separate labor functions.

Characteristics of specific labor functions contain a description of labor actions, necessary skills and knowledge, etc.

The developer of the professional standard for teachers is the State Budgetary educational institution of the city of Moscow Education Center N 109, and the responsible organization-developer is the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education of the city of Moscow "Moscow City Psychological and Pedagogical University".

This professional standard for a teacher is mandatory for use by educational organizations, organizations carrying out educational activities, by rendering educational services for basic general education programs in the field of preschool and primary general education, basic general and secondary general education.

In the future, it is planned to expand the scope of application of the teacher’s professional standard by introducing specialties: teacher additional education, teacher of the vocational education system, educational psychologist, special teacher (defectologist), tutor, etc.

Reference

The teacher’s professional standard uses the following abbreviations:

OKZ – All-Russian classifier classes.

EKS– Unified qualification reference book, approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated August 26, 2010 N 761n “On approval of the Unified qualification directory positions of managers, specialists and employees, section “ Qualification characteristics positions of education workers" (registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on October 6, 2010 N 18638).

OKVED— All-Russian classifier of types of economic activity.

OKSO— All-Russian classifier of specialties by education.

And also the concepts:

competence– ability to apply knowledge, skills and experience in work activities;

labor function – component type of labor activity, which is an integrated and relatively autonomous set of labor actions determined by the technological process and presupposing the presence of the necessary knowledge and skills (competencies) to perform them;

working conditions— a combination of production environment factors and technological process that affect the performance and health of the employee.

TEACHER

Professional standard for a teacher Contents

1 area of use.

2. Purpose of application.

3. Terms and definitions as applied to the teacher.

4.1. Part one: training.

4.2. Part two: educational work.

4.3. Part three: development (Personal qualities and professional competencies necessary for a teacher to carry out developmental activities).

4.4. Part four: professional competencies of a teacher, reflecting the specifics of work in an elementary school.

4.5. Part five: professional competencies of a preschool teacher (educator), reflecting the specifics of work at the preschool level of education.

5. Methods for assessing the fulfillment of the requirements of a teacher’s professional standard.

6. Final provisions. Applications:

Appendix No. 1. An expanded, future-oriented list of ICT competencies of a teacher, which can be considered as criteria for assessing his activities only when necessary and sufficient conditions are created.

Appendix No. 2. Psychological and pedagogical requirements for teacher qualifications.

Appendix No. 3. Part A. Professional standard for teachers of mathematics and computer science.

Part B. Professional standard for Russian language teachers.

Professional standard for a teacher (Concept and content) Introduction

Teacher - key person reforming education. “In the matter of teaching and upbringing, in the entire school business, nothing can be improved without going past the head of the teacher” (K.D. Ushinsky). In a rapidly changing open world, the main professional quality that a teacher must constantly demonstrate to his students is the ability to learn. Readiness for change, mobility, the ability to take non-standard work actions, responsibility and independence in decision-making - all these characteristics of the activities of a successful professional fully apply to a teacher. Acquiring these valuable qualities is impossible without expanding the space of pedagogical creativity. The work of a teacher should be freed from petty regulation and freed from total control.

The existing cumbersome qualification characteristics and job descriptions, which fetter the teacher’s initiative, burden him with formal requirements (for example, prescribing the preparation of educational programs) and additional functional responsibilities that distract from direct work with children, do not meet the spirit of the times.

The professional standard of a teacher, which should replace the obsolete documents that until now regulated his activities, is intended, first of all, to liberate the teacher and give a new impetus to his development.

Federal Law No. 273-FZ of December 29, 2012 “On education in Russian Federation"(hereinafter referred to as the Federal Law) refers preschool education to one of the general levels. In addition, in the Federal Law, along with such functions as child care and supervision, preschool organizations are assigned

the obligation to carry out educational activities allocated as a separate service. In accordance with the law, today any school has the right to implement preschool education programs. Hence the need arises for a unified approach to the professional competencies of preschool teachers and teachers.

According to the levels of education that determine the specifics of pedagogical activity, the following specialties are distinguished: preschool education teacher (educator), primary, secondary and high school teacher. In the future, it is planned to expand the scope of application of the professional standard of a teacher by introducing specialties: teacher of additional education and teacher of the vocational education system. Taking into account the need to work in educational organizations with children who have developmental problems and disabilities, it is planned to consider the introduction of additional specialties: educational psychologist, special teacher (defectologist) operating in a general preschool institution and a public school, tutor providing individual support and accompanying a disabled child, etc. Thus, the professional standard of a teacher is an open document that can be supplemented and expanded.

The world is changing, children are changing, which, in turn, puts forward new requirements for the qualifications of a teacher. But one cannot demand from a teacher what no one has ever taught him. Hence , the introduction of a new professional standard for a teacher should inevitably entail a change in the standards of his training and retraining in higher education and in advanced training centers.

Expanding the boundaries of a teacher’s freedom, the professional standard simultaneously increases his responsibility for the results of his work, placing demands on his qualifications and offering criteria for its evaluation.

Taking into account the different levels of qualifications of the country's teachers, a procedure for the gradual, stage-by-stage introduction of a professional teacher standard is envisaged.

Not only the qualification levels of teachers differ, but also the conditions in which they carry out their professional activities. Therefore, within the framework of the professional standard of a teacher, it is envisaged to introduce a regional and school component, taking into account both regional characteristics (the predominance of rural schools, the work of a teacher in a metropolis, mono-ethnic or multi-ethnic composition of students, etc.) and the specifics of educational programs implemented at school (mathematics lyceum , inclusive school, etc.). Filling out the regional and school components of the teacher’s professional standard will require the combined creative efforts of teachers, administrators, the parent community, and the expert community and must be accepted and approved by consensus.

The desire to achieve consensus in society on the issue of introducing a professional teacher standard is embedded in the process of its development, testing and implementation, starting with a broad discussion of the draft document, ending with determining the final dates for its introduction.

To ensure effective public control at all stages of work on a professional standard, it is proposed to fully use the mechanisms of state and public management. For this purpose, it is planned to create an independent public association “Professional Standard of Teacher - 2013”, endowing it with the necessary rights and powers.

Why do we need a professional teacher standard?

The standard is a tool for implementing education strategies in a changing world.

The standard is a tool for improving the quality of education and bringing domestic education to the international level.

The standard is an objective measure of a teacher’s qualifications.

The standard is a means of selecting teaching staff for educational institutions.

The standard is the basis for the formation of an employment contract that fixes the relationship between the employee and the employer.

The need to fill the teacher’s professional standard with new competencies:

Working with gifted students.

Work in the context of implementing inclusive education programs.

Teaching Russian to students for whom it is not their native language.

Working with students with developmental problems.

Working with deviant, dependent, socially neglected and socially vulnerable students with serious behavioral problems.

Requirements for the professional standard of a teacher

The standard should:

Comply with the structure of a teacher’s professional activity.

Do not turn into an instrument of strict regulation of the teacher’s activities.

Free the teacher from performing unusual functions that distract him from performing his direct duties.

Encourage the teacher to search for non-standard solutions.

Comply with international standards and regulations.

Comply with the requirements of relevant ministries and departments, on which the calculation of length of service, calculation of pensions, etc. depend.

Characteristics of the standard

The professional standard of a teacher is a framework document that defines the basic requirements for his qualifications.

The nationwide framework of the standard can be supplemented by regional requirements that take into account the sociocultural, demographic and other characteristics of a given territory (megacities, areas with a predominant rural population, monoethnic and multiethnic regions impose their own specifics on the work of a teacher).

The professional standard of a teacher can also be supplemented by the internal standard of an educational institution (similar to the standard of an enterprise), in accordance with the specifics of the educational programs implemented in this institution (school for the gifted, inclusive school, etc.).

The professional standard of a teacher is level, taking into account the specifics of the work of teachers in preschool institutions, primary, secondary and high schools.

Considering the special place and role in general secondary education of such subjects as mathematics and the Russian language, and the mandatory requirement of passing them in the form of the Unified State Exam for all school graduates without exception, the appendices to the document separately highlight the professional standards of teachers in these specialties.

The professional standard of a teacher reflects the structure of his professional activity: teaching, upbringing and development of the child. In accordance with the strategy of modern education in a changing world, it is significantly filled with psychological and pedagogical competencies designed to help the teacher in solving new problems facing him.

The standard puts forward requirements for the personal qualities of a teacher, inseparable from his professional competencies, such as:

willingness to teach all children without exception, regardless of their inclinations, abilities, developmental characteristics, or disabilities.

The professional standard of a teacher performs the functions, called upon:

Overcome the technocratic approach in assessing the work of a teacher.

Ensure a coordinated increase in teacher freedom and responsibility for the results of their work.

Motivate teachers to continually improve their skills.

Professional standard of a teacher

1. Application area. The sphere of preschool, primary and general secondary education. The professional standard of a teacher can be applied:

a) when applying for a job in a general education institution for the position of “teacher”;

c) when carrying out certification of teachers of educational institutions by regional executive authorities exercising management in the field of education;

d) during the certification of teachers by educational organizations themselves, if they are given the appropriate powers.

Scientific and technological progress, the development of production and technology, as well as the changing labor market require the constant development of professional skills and competencies of the employee. Qualification reference books, in turn, are gradually becoming outdated: either they do not contain new professions at all, or their descriptions do not correspond to reality. This is precisely what determines the need to change the current qualification system, or rather, the replacement of the Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory of Work and Professions of Workers (UTKS) and the Unified Qualification Directory of Positions of Managers, Specialists and Employees (USC) with a system of professional standards. In this article we will try to answer the most pressing questions regarding the application of professional standards.

What is a professional standard?

The concepts of “employee qualification” and “professional standard” are defined in Art. 195.1 Labor Code Russian Federation. According to this article employee qualifications- this is the level of knowledge, skills, professional skills and experience of the employee.

In its turn, professional standard- this is a characteristic of the qualifications necessary for an employee to carry out a certain type of professional activity.

Let us note that previously the legislation lacked the concept of a professional standard, and this made it difficult to develop and implement professional standards in practice.

For employers, the professional standard will be the basis for establishing more specific requirements when performing an employee’s job function, taking into account the specifics of the organization’s activities.

The provisions of the relevant professional standards must be taken into account when forming federal state educational standards for vocational education. In this way, the problem that appears in the last years the problem is when a graduate educational institution has some professional skills, but the employer requires completely different ones.

From the history of professional standards in Russia

The emergence of professional standards is not a new thing, invented specifically in Russia, as many write, but an established world practice. The most advanced experience today in terms of professional standards is in the UK.

For the first time, the topic of professional standards in Russia arose in 1997, when this term was officially used in the Program of Social Reforms in the Russian Federation for the period 1996-2000, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 26, 1997 No. 222. Federal ministries and departments were then included in their programs for the development of professional standards. Over the next ten years, the task changed its formulation and was set over and over again by the country's leadership, but no tangible actions were taken to solve it, until in 2006, on the basis of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RSPP), the National Agency for the Development of Qualifications appeared. It was this agency that developed the first layout of the professional standard in 2007. In 2007-2008 the first professional standards appeared.

In 2010, following a meeting of the State Council of the Russian Federation and the Commission for Modernization and technological development economy of Russia, a list of instructions of the President of the Russian Federation was created. It established the deadlines for the preparation of a modern reference book and the development of professional standards in high-tech industries. About two years were allotted to complete both tasks.

In 2011, the Government of the Russian Federation established the Agency for Strategic Initiatives (ASI), which began developing road map“Creation of a National System of Qualifications and Competencies.” After this, the Plan for the Development of Professional Standards for 2012-2015 was approved. Experts from the Ministry of Labor prepared and approved the next layout of the professional standard and developed regulatory documents, methodological recommendations, etc. The first standards were adopted only on October 30, 2013. By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2012 No. 597 “On measures for the implementation of state social policy,” the Government of the Russian Federation was given the task of developing and approving at least 800 professional standards by 2015. “As of December 30, 2014, 403 professional standards were approved by orders of the Ministry of Labor,” says a message posted on January 24, 2015 on the website of the Government of the Russian Federation.

Where can I find information about professional standards?

The implementation of professional standards in an organization is a multi-level process that begins with studying the text of the standard in order to determine the scope of activity and, accordingly, the positions to which it applies. We will talk about how to implement professional standards and what the consequences of refusing to use their provisions may be in the article below.

How to implement a system of professional standards?

On July 1, 2016, a system of professional standards began to operate in the Russian Federation. After studying legislative framework On this topic (including Articles 195.1-195.3 and 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), many employers, for whom the provisions of the standards are mandatory, have a logical question: how are professional standards implemented at the enterprise?

There is no answer to this question at the level of regulatory acts, since neither the law nor the resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation explaining the procedure for introducing professional standards into the company’s activities has not yet been adopted. At the time of writing, there is only a draft order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation “On approval methodological recommendations on the application of professional standards." This means that each head of the organization in this case needs to develop his own system for introducing the standard, taking into account the requirements of the law.

At the same time, only the provisions of the professional standard approved by order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation and registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation can be used in activities. Draft orders that are posted on the Internet cannot be used, since they do not have legal force(in such a situation, it is recommended to apply the provisions of the unified qualification reference books).

When do off-budget funds and state-owned enterprises need to switch to professional standards?

The legislator allocates extra-budgetary funds and other organizations, the controlling stake of which is in the hands of the state, into a separate group in terms of introducing the provisions of professional standards into their activities. The authority to establish the fact that standards are mandatory for such companies has been transferred to the Government of the Russian Federation, and the opinion of the Tripartite Regulatory Commission must be taken into account labor relations.

On June 27, 2016, Resolution No. 584 of the Government of the Russian Federation was adopted, which establishes the specifics of the application of professional standards in terms of requirements mandatory for use by extra-budgetary funds and state-owned enterprises. In particular, he established a transition period until 2020, during which enterprises must implement professional standards based on a pre-approved plan.

Measures to implement professional standards

The set of measures for the implementation of professional standards includes the following:

Issuing an order to create a commission to introduce professional standards into the company’s activities.
Conducting a commission meeting and drawing up an implementation schedule.
Determining the labor functions of employees and applying the necessary professional standards in accordance with them.
Renaming positions in accordance with the texts of professional standards.
Making changes to job descriptions.
Changing the wage system.
Carrying out activities for retraining and training of employees.
Conducting employee certification.
Carrying out other organizational and staffing activities related to the implementation of professional standards.

Step-by-step algorithm for introducing professional standards since 2016

Now let's talk about each of the stages of implementing professional standards in more detail.

Don't know your rights?

By order, the head of the enterprise appoints a commission from among the employees, which will be responsible for the implementation of professional standards in the organization. In addition to indicating the members of the commission, the order must specify the powers of each of them and the deadlines for completing the work. It is advisable to include working group HR department employees, economists, lawyers and persons responsible for occupational safety and health at work, that is, those employees who, one way or another, will continue to use professional standards in their activities.
The first meeting of the commission is held, at which the scope of work is determined and a step-by-step plan is drawn up for the introduction of professional standards at the enterprise. The legislator does not approve the form of the plan, so it can include any provisions that the commission deems necessary. This document reflects intermediate tasks for introducing professional standards, specifies specific deadlines for completing the work, and assigns persons responsible for the implementation of plan items (all of them must be familiar with the document before signing). After drawing up the plan, it is approved by the head of the organization.
To correlate the texts of professional standards and the labor functions specified in them with the positions that exist at the enterprise, the staffing table approved in the organization and the sections of the corresponding 3 professional standards are compared. We remind you that the name of the profession in the standard may not always coincide with the name of the position in the schedule. For example, in staffing table Many enterprises have the position of HR department employee, and the professional standard states that a HR specialist is engaged in this type of activity.
To bring job titles into line with the texts of professional standards, if work in them involves the provision of benefits or the imposition of restrictions, the manager must exclude the old position from the staffing table and introduce a new one. In this case, an additional agreement to the employment contract is concluded with the employee to change the job title. If for some reason the employee refuses to sign the document and insists on maintaining the previous job title, the employer has the right to take organizational and staffing measures to reduce of this employee due to the fact that the position he held was excluded from the staffing table.
Making changes, if necessary, to job description employee in connection with a change in his job function, is carried out only with the employee’s consent to this. The legislator prohibits changing the duties of an employee unilaterally.
A change in the remuneration system is necessary because the legislator establishes a rule according to which employees performing the same job functions must receive equal pay for this. Thus, if an employer decides to make changes to an employee’s job responsibilities or increase the level of qualification requirements(for example, send him to take advanced training courses), then as the complexity of the work changes, the salary should change accordingly.
If in the professional standard according to a certain type activity, if its use is mandatory, the employee’s qualifications are higher than what he has, the employer has the right to send him to advanced training courses or raise the issue of receiving additional education. The question of at whose expense the training will be carried out is resolved within the framework of negotiations between the parties to the labor relationship or on the basis of the provisions of the local acts of the enterprise. As a rule, if we're talking about on payment for training by the employer, a student agreement is concluded with the employee, under the terms of which he is obliged, after receiving education, to work for a certain time in the company; otherwise, tuition fees will be charged.
Certification of employees is not necessary when introducing professional standards into the activities of an organization, but is necessary so that the employer can determine the qualifications of employees and understand whether their knowledge and skills correspond to the positions they occupy. Based on the results of the certification, an employee who fails to pass it can be transferred to another position or fired.
The issue of holding other organizational events is raised when they arise. For example, if an employee works in a certain position and his duties, according to the provisions of the professional standard, cover two groups of positions, the employer must increase the scope of work or expand the service area. If the employee is in work time along with the main job responsibilities performs additional generalized labor functions of another professional standard, then the latter are formalized as a combination of positions.

Implementation plan for professional standards

Since the requirements for the form and content of the plan are not established by law, we can offer you an approximate list of tasks reflected in the document:

Clarification of the list of professional standards that need to be applied at the enterprise (this is done by correlating the labor functions specified in the standards with the types of activities that the company is engaged in). The list must be agreed upon with the head of the organization.
Reconciliation of employee positions indicated in the staffing table with the names of accepted standards. The result of these actions of the commission must be reflected in the protocol containing the decision to rename positions (if necessary).
Checking employee labor agreements and local regulations of the enterprise.
Making changes to employment contracts and local documents and their subsequent submission to the head of the company for approval.
Drawing up lists of questions for certification in accordance with the provisions of the professional standard for each specific type of activity.
Checking employee compliance with standards.
Drawing up a report on the implementation of the plan and submitting it to the head of the organization for review.

This is only an approximate version of the plan for introducing the professional standard. It may well be supplemented with other items at the discretion of the head of the organization and members of the commission.

Some questions from the practice of introducing professional standards at an enterprise

As practice has shown, when introducing professional standards at enterprises, controversial issues often arise. Let's look at some of them.

What to do if the name of the position in the professional standard differs from its name in the qualification directories?

Only the Government of the Russian Federation can provide clarification on this issue, but so far there is no such document. The issue can be resolved in 2 ways:

Request information from the territorial division of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation.
Use the provisions of the professional standard if this does not contradict the law. For example, if we are talking about the issue of early retirement of a pension, then the competent authority will take into account reference books establishing qualifications. That is why employers in such positions should study the regulatory framework for assigning early pensions. The main thing is not to forget that if occupying a certain position involves the availability of benefits or the introduction of restrictions, then its name should sound exactly as indicated in the professional standard.

Can an employer fire an employee if his qualifications do not meet the level specified in the professional standard?

In this case, the employee can be dismissed only on the basis of the certification results. Without this, only the following options are possible:

Transfer to another position (for example, if there is not enough experience to occupy a position in accordance with the provisions of the standard).
Sending an employee for training or advanced training. In some cases specified regulations, the employer is obliged to conduct retraining or provide advanced training for certain categories of employees at his own expense. For example, as is the case with medical workers who must confirm their qualifications every 5 years.

Note: an employee who does not have the necessary professional education or has not undergone training in a profession (position, specialty), when required by the terms of the professional standard, may be assigned more high level qualifications, if the certification results confirm that he has the required level of knowledge and practical experience.

If the employer does not implement the provisions of the professional standard into the activities of the organization, with the mandatory indication of this by the legislator, what responsibility will he bear?

Provisions of Art. 5.27 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation for this violation of labor legislation provides for a fine: