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What can diabetics eat. What you can and cannot eat with diabetes mellitus: a list of foods and diet options

Diabetes is a very serious and dangerous disease that requires constant treatment. Together with the use of drug therapy, patients should lead a healthy lifestyle, give up addictions, and play sports. It is equally important to know what you can eat with diabetes mellitus, and what products should be discarded altogether.

If there is a significant deterioration in well-being, malaise, constant and, moreover, insatiable thirst, xerostomia, frequent urination, itching of the skin, especially in the feet and groin, you should immediately contact an endocrinologist and undergo an examination. This symptomatology signals the development of diabetes.

The disease is certainly dangerous and serious, but it is not a sentence. Many people live with the disease. In order to normalize health, maintain normal blood sugar levels and eliminate unpleasant symptoms, you should follow a special diet and know what you can eat with diabetes.

Pathology can develop in both an adult and a child. Often, the disease is diagnosed in pregnant women. With the right treatment and a healthy diet, the disease can be kept under control.

What can you drink with diabetes

Most patients try to monitor their diet. They do not eat junk food and try to make their food as healthy and balanced as possible. But not everyone follows what drinks they drink. Diabetics should not drink alcoholic beverages, store juices, strong tea, kvass, sweet soda.

If you feel like drinking, you should give preference to the following drinks:

still mineral water or purified water;
unsweetened juices;
jelly;
compotes;
weak teas;
green tea;
herbal decoctions and infusions;
freshly squeezed juices (but only diluted);
fat-free fermented milk products.

Doctors advise patients not to consume coffee. But scientists have proven that coffee is rich in useful and necessary substances, including antioxidants, that help prevent the development of tumors. They are rich in grains and linoleic acid, which prevents the development of heart attacks, strokes and other cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore, you can drink coffee with sugar sickness, the main thing is that the coffee is natural and without sugar.

Basic rules for a healthy diet

Every diabetic, without exception, should know what to eat in the presence of diabetes mellitus. Eating all food in a row is fraught with a deterioration in overall well-being.

Any diet, including sugar sickness, has its own characteristics and rules.

Diet therapy is supposed to:

limiting the consumption of carbohydrate products;
decrease in calorie intake;
the use of fortified food;
five to six meals a day;
meals at the same time;
enrichment of the diet with natural vitamins - vegetables and fruits (with the exception of sweet ones, especially persimmons and dates);
eating food in small portions;
elimination of long intervals between meals;
drawing up a menu taking into account the GI of products;
minimizing salt intake;
refusal to eat fatty, spicy, spicy, fried foods;
refusal to use alcohol and sweet soda, as well as semi-finished products and fast food;
replacement of sugar with natural sweeteners: fructose, sorbitol, stevia, xylitol;
eating boiled, baked in the oven and steamed food.

The right diet is the key to good health

Diabetics, regardless of the type of disease, should follow a correct and healthy diet:

To keep insulin normal at all times, you need to have a full breakfast.
Every meal should start with a vegetable salad. This contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes and the correction of mass.
The last meal should take place no later than three hours before bedtime.
The food you eat should be at a comfortable temperature. You can eat warm and moderately cool foods with diabetes mellitus.
Liquids can be drunk either half an hour before meals or after 30 minutes. Do not drink water or juices during your meal.
It is important to stick to the regimen. Eating food five to six times a day helps prevent a sharp increase in blood glucose levels.
The diet should be enriched with lean fish, dairy products with a low percentage of fat, vegetables and fruits, cereals.
Diabetics should give up sugar and any products containing it.
The optimal daily caloric intake is 2,400 kcal.
It is also important to monitor the chemical composition of the dishes. The share of complex carbohydrates in the daily diet is 50%, proteins - 20%, fats - 30%.
One and a half liters of purified or non-carbonated mineral water should be consumed per day.

GI (glycemic index) - what is it

Each product has its own GI. Otherwise, it is called the "grain unit" - XE. And if the nutritional value determines how much nutrients will be converted into energy for the body, then GI is an indicator of the digestibility of carbohydrate products. It indicates how quickly carbohydrate products will be absorbed, while increasing blood sugar levels.

What can diabetics eat, following the diet and table number 9

Many patients, hearing the word "diet", regard it as a sentence. They believe that their diet will be limited to a minimum. In fact, this is far from the case. Diet therapy for a disease means limiting the calorie intake, the consumption of complex carbohydrates and the elimination of simple carbohydrates. Food can be both curative and tasty at the same time. You just need to know what diabetics can eat.

Eating the right food will help both in weight management and in maintaining normal insulin levels.

Patients are allowed to consume the following products:

Of bread. It is preferable that it is black bread or products that are intended for diabetics. The daily norm is 300 g. The use of grain, whole grain and "Borodino" bread is also allowed.
Soups. It is advisable that the first courses are cooked in vegetable broths.
Lean meat (veal, beef, rabbit, chicken) and fish: pike perch, carp, cod. Any cooking method, only frying is excluded.
Eggs and scrambled eggs. You can eat no more than one egg per day. Abuse of this product is fraught with increased cholesterol levels.
Dairy products (low-fat milk, cottage cheese, kefir, yogurt, fermented baked milk, natural yoghurts).
Cheese (unsalted and low-fat).
Berries and fruits: grapefruit, raspberries, apples, kiwi. Their consumption helps not only to increase sugar, but also to lower the level of bad cholesterol.
Vegetables: cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, herbs.
Honey (limited).
Drinks: juices, herbal preparations, mineral water.

All these products can be eaten by diabetics. But the main thing is to observe the measure in everything. Food should not be greasy. You should also not drink alcohol.

Approved products for people with insulin-dependent form

Pathology of the first type or insulin-dependent diabetes, characterized by severe symptoms, an acute course and accompanied by increased appetite. In addition to using insulin, it is important to know what diabetics can eat. A well-formulated diet is the best way to maintain health and wellness.

The dietary diet of diabetics with the first type of pathology is similar to the diet of patients with the second type. It is allowed to use: non-carbonated mineral water, seafood and low-fat fish, oat and buckwheat cereals, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, boiled eggs, dietary meat.

Table number 9 for pathology

Patients are most often prescribed adherence to dietary table number 9. The diet involves six meals a day, the exclusion of fatty foods, fried foods, spicy, smoked foods, salty foods and sweets. The energy value of the daily diet should not exceed 2500 kcal. Diabetics can eat food prepared in any way, except for frying.

What not with diabetes: allowed and prohibited foods, sample menu

Every person suffering from a serious illness should know what is wrong with diabetes. The abuse of harmful products is fraught with a worsening of the condition.

Products provided in the list should be discarded:

Sahara. It is recommended to replace with sweeteners.
Baking. Such food is strongly discouraged. In addition to being rich in sugar, they are also high in calories, which does not have a very good effect on blood glucose levels.
Fatty meat and fish products.
Smoked food and canned food. Such products have a high glycemic index.
Animal fats, mayonnaise.
Dairy with a high percentage of fat.
Semolina and cereal-based products, as well as pasta.
Vegetables. Certain vegetables cannot be eaten with diabetes, but if it does not work out, you should limit their consumption as much as possible: potatoes, fried zucchini.
Sweet fruit.
Drinks: sweet soda, concentrated or store juices, compotes, black strong tea.
Snacks, sunflower seeds, chips.
Sweets. With any type of diabetes, in particular with gestational diabetes, the use of ice cream, jam, milk chocolate is prohibited.
Alcoholic drinks.

Permitted and prohibited products: table

Proper nutrition along with insulin administration is the key to well-being. The patient should adhere to a diet, as well as apply medications, all his life. This is the only way to maintain normal blood sugar levels. What you can and cannot eat with diabetes mellitus can be seen in the table.

Eating is allowed:

purified water or mineral water;
weak tea, coffee;
mushrooms;
green peas;
radish;
radish;
turnips;
green beans;
greenery;
carrots;
beets;
eggplant;
pepper;
cabbage;
cucumbers;
tomatoes.

Allowed use:

berries;
fruit;
soups;
croup;
of bread;
legumes (peas, beans, lentils);
potatoes;
honey;
low-fat cheeses;
dairy products with a low percentage of fat;
lean boiled sausage;
meat and fish products.

It is forbidden to eat:

alcoholic beverages;
grapes;
bananas;
persimmons;
dates;
sweets (ice cream, jam, candy, cookies;
Sahara;
seeds;
canned food;
smoked and sausage products;
fatty meat and fish products;
fatty dairy products;
animal fats.

How to replace harmful products

Patients are prohibited from eating high-calorie foods, since such products provoke the progression of the disease and the deterioration of the effect of drugs.

Harmful products can be replaced with useful ones of suitable composition:

White bread can be replaced with rye flour products.
Sweets and desserts - berries and diabetic desserts.
Animal fats - vegetable fats.
Fatty meat products and cheeses - low-fat products, avocados.
Cream - low-fat dairy products.
Ice cream - hard cheeses, seafood, legumes.
Beer - fermented milk products, beef, eggs.
Sweet soda - beets, carrots, legumes.
Sausage - dairy products.

Approximate weekly menu

You can make a menu for every day or for the whole week on your own, taking into account what you can and cannot with diabetes. Below is an approximate menu for the week.

The first day.

Morning meal: salad with cucumber and cabbage, oatmeal, weak tea.
Snack: apple or kefir.
Lunch meal: vegetable soup, zucchini casserole, compote.
Snack: cottage cheese casserole.
Evening meal: buckwheat porridge, boiled chicken fillet, juice.

Second day.

Breakfast: milk pumpkin porridge, jelly.
Snack: biscuit biscuits.
Lunch: lean borscht, millet porridge with baked pollock fillet, green tea.
Snack: curdled milk.
Dinner: marrow stew, kefir.

Day three.

Morning meal: boiled egg, cheese sandwich, coffee.
Snack: baked apple.
Lunch meal: fish soup, buckwheat porridge, steamed chicken meatballs, tomato juice.
Snack: orange.
Evening meal: milk rice porridge, boiled shrimp, fermented baked milk.

Day four.

Breakfast: Omelet, cheese sandwich, tea.
Snack: salad with tomatoes, cucumbers and bell pepper.
Lunch meal: skits, baked fish, compote.
Snack: raspberry jelly.
Evening meal: boiled turkey, tomato juice.

Day five.

Morning meal: baked pumpkin, apple compote.
Snack: one apple.
Lunch: mushroom soup, oatmeal, carrot juice.
Snack: kefir.
Dinner: lazy cabbage rolls, yogurt.

Sixth day.

Morning meal: cottage cheese, coffee.
Snack: apple juice and biscuits.
Lunch meal: soup with chicken pieces and buckwheat, baked hake, compote.
Snack: vegetable salad.
Evening meal: steamed beef cutlet, oatmeal, carrot juice.

Seventh day.

Breakfast: pumpkin porridge, green tea.
Snack: Any permitted fruit.
Lunch meal: soup with rice, peppers stuffed with chicken, tomato juice.
Snack: vegetable salad, cheese sandwich.
Dinner: buckwheat porridge, stewed cabbage, kefir.

There can be six meals. But the main thing is that the last meal should be no later than three hours before bedtime.

Diet therapy for diabetes is not difficult, but necessary. The list of permitted products is not small, so the diet will not be monotonous. The main thing to understand is that a healthy diet with an ailment is the key to well-being and maintaining normal blood sugar levels.

Correct, rational and carefully balanced diet is a key factor in maintaining systemic stable compensation of carbohydrate metabolism. Unfortunately, at the moment there are no effective drugs that could completely relieve a person of diabetes, therefore it is the diet, along with the correct daily regimen and, if necessary, taking medications, can help the patient to live life comfortably and without fear for health.

Health food

Doctors have known about the need for a diet in diabetes mellitus for a long time - it was medical nutrition in the pre-insulin era that was the only effective mechanism to combat the problem. The diet is especially important for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, where the likelihood of coma with decompensation and even death is high. For diabetics with the second type of disease, nutritional therapy is usually prescribed for weight correction and a more predictable stable course of the disease.

Basic principles

The basic concept of a therapeutic diet for any type of diabetes is the so-called bread unit - a theoretical measure of the equivalent of ten grams of carbohydrates. Modern nutritionists have developed special sets of tables for all types of products, indicating the amount of XE per 100 grams of product. Every day, a patient with diabetes is recommended to take products with a total "value" of 12-24 XE - the dosage is selected individually, depending on the body weight, age and level of physical activity of the patient.
Keeping a detailed food diary. All consumed foods must be recorded so that, if necessary, the nutritionist can make a correction to the nutritional system.
Multiplicity of receptions. Diabetics are recommended to eat 5-6 times. At the same time, breakfast, lunch and dinner should account for 75 percent of the daily ration, the remaining 2-3 snacks - the remaining 25 percent.
Individualization of medical nutrition. Modern science recommends individualizing classic diets, adjusting them to the patient's physiological preferences, regional factors (a set of local dishes and traditions) and other parameters, while maintaining a balance of all components of a balanced diet.
Equivalence of replacement. If you change your diet, then the selected alternative products should be as interchangeable as possible in terms of calorie content, as well as the ratio of proteins, fats, carbohydrates. The main groups of components in this case include products containing predominantly carbohydrates (1), proteins (2), fats (3) and multi-component (4). Substitutions are possible only within these groups. If the replacement occurs in (4), then nutritionists make adjustments to the composition of the entire diet, while replacing the elements from (1), it is necessary to take into account the equivalence in terms of the glycemic index - this can be helped by the XE tables described above.

Foods strictly prohibited in diabetes mellitus

Modern dietetics, armed with advanced diagnostic methods and studies of the effect of substances and products on the body, in recent years has significantly narrowed the list of absolutely prohibited foods for patients with diabetes. At the moment, dishes based on refined refined carbohydrates, sweets and sugar, as well as products containing refractory fats and a lot of cholesterol are absolutely contraindicated.

There is a relative prohibition on white bread, rice and semolina porridge, as well as pasta - they can be used strictly limited. In addition, regardless of the type of diabetes, alcohol is completely contraindicated.

In some cases, strict adherence to the diet for type 2 diabetes helps to completely compensate for carbohydrate metabolism and not to use drugs. For diabetics with type 1 and other types of diabetes, nutritional therapy is considered and is an important element of the complex therapy of the problem.

Types of diabetes diets

Classic... This type of nutritional therapy was developed back in the 30s and 40s of the twentieth century and is a balanced, albeit strict type of diet. Its striking representative in domestic dietetics is "Table number 9" with numerous, later variations. It is this type of nutritional therapy that is suitable for almost all diabetics with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Modern... The principles of individualization and the peculiarities of the mentality of certain social groups gave rise to a variety of different menus and modern diets, with less strict prohibitions on certain types of products and taking into account new properties discovered in the latter, which made it possible to introduce previously conventionally prohibited products into the daily diet. The main principles here are the factor of the use of "protected" carbohydrates containing a sufficient amount of dietary fiber. However, it should be understood that this kind of medical nutrition is selected strictly individually and cannot be considered as a universal mechanism for compensating for carbohydrate metabolism.
Low carb diets... Designed primarily for type 2 diabetics with increased body weight. The main principle is to exclude as much of the consumption of foods high in carbohydrates as possible, but not to the detriment of health. However, it is contraindicated for children; it also cannot be used for people with renal problems (nephropathies of late stages) and for diabetics with type 1 diabetes and severe hypoglycemia.
Vegetarian diets... Experimental studies at the turn of the 20th century showed that vegan diets, with an emphasis on significantly reducing the intake of foods rich in fat, not only contribute to weight loss, but also reduce. A large amount of whole vegetation, rich in dietary fiber and fiber, in some cases turns out to be even more effective than the recommended specialized diets, especially since a vegetarian diet implies a significant reduction in the total calorie content of the daily diet. This, in turn, significantly reduces the risk of metabolic syndrome in pre-diabetic conditions, is able to act as an independent prophylactic agent and effectively fight against the appearance of diabetes.

Menu for every day

Below, we will look at the classic dietary menu for type 1 and type 2 diabetics, which is optimal for patients with mild to moderate diabetes mellitus. In the case of severe decompensation, addiction and hyper- and hypoglycemia, an individualized dietary regimen should be developed by a nutritionist taking into account human physiology, current health problems and other factors.

Base:

Protein - 85-90 grams (sixty percent of animal origin).
Fat - 75–80 grams (one third of vegetable basis).
Carbohydrates - 250-300 grams.
Free liquid - about one and a half liters.
Salt -11 grams.

The food system is fractional, five to six times a day, the daily maximum energy value is no more than 2400 kcal.

Prohibited Products:

Meat / culinary fats, sharp sauces, sweet juices, pastries, rich broths, cream, pickles and marinades, fatty meats and fish, canned foods, salted and saturated cheeses, pasta, semolina, rice, sugar, jams, alcohol, ice cream and sweets sugar-based, grapes, all raisins and bananas with dates / figs.

Allowed foods / meals:

Flour products - rye and bran bread is allowed, as well as non-tasty flour products.
Soups - optimal for medical nutrition are borscht, cabbage soup, vegetable soups, as well as stews in low-fat broth. Sometimes okroshka.
Meat. Low-fat varieties of beef, veal, pork. Limited chicken, rabbit, lamb, boiled tongue and liver are allowed. From fish - any low-fat varieties boiled, steamed or baked without vegetable oil.
Milk products. Low-fat cheeses, dairy products without added sugar. Limited - 10% sour cream, low-fat or semi-fat cottage cheese. Eat eggs without yolks, as a last resort, in the form of omelets.
Cereals. Oatmeal, pearl barley, beans, buckwheat, yachka, millet.
Vegetables. Recommended are carrots, beets, cabbage, pumpkin, zucchini, eggplants, cucumbers and tomatoes. Potatoes are limited.
Snacks and sauces. Fresh vegetable salads, tomato and low-fat sauces, horseradish, mustard and pepper. Limited - squash or other vegetable caviar, vinaigrette, jellied fish, seafood dishes with a minimum of vegetable oil, low-fat beef jellies.
Fats - limited vegetable, butter and ghee.
Other. Sugar-free drinks (tea, coffee, rosehip broth, vegetable juices), jellies, mousses, fresh sweet and sour non-exotic fruits, compotes. Very limited - honey and sweets with sweeteners.

Individual components of the menu below are subject to replacement in accordance with the principles of equivalent replacement within the above groups.

Monday

We will have breakfast with two hundred grams of low-fat cottage cheese, to which you can add some berries.
The second time we have breakfast with one glass of one percent kefir.
We have lunch with 150 grams of baked beef, a plate of vegetable soup. For garnish - stewed vegetables in the amount of 100-150 grams.
Have an afternoon snack with fresh cabbage and cucumber salad, seasoned with a teaspoon of olive oil. The total volume is 100–150 grams.
We have dinner with grilled vegetables (80 grams) and one medium baked fish weighing up to two hundred grams.

Tuesday

We have breakfast with a plate of buckwheat porridge - no more than 120 grams.
The second time we have breakfast with two medium-sized apples.
We have lunch with a plate of vegetable borscht, 100 grams of boiled beef. You can drink food with compote without added sugar.
Have an afternoon with a glass of rosehip broth.
We have dinner with a bowl of fresh vegetable salad in the amount of 160-180 grams, as well as one boiled lean fish (150-200 grams).

Wednesday

We have breakfast with cottage cheese casserole - 200 grams.
Before lunch, you can drink a glass of rosehip broth.
We dine with a plate of cabbage soup, two small fish cakes and a hundred grams of vegetable salad.
Have an afternoon snack with one boiled egg.
We have dinner with a plate of stewed cabbage and two medium-sized meatballs, cooked in the oven or steamed.

Thursday

We will have breakfast with an omelet of two eggs.
Before lunch, you can eat a cup of yogurt with minimal fat or unsweetened at all.
We dine with cabbage soup and two units of stuffed peppers based on lean meat and allowed cereals.
Have an afternoon snack with two hundred grams of low-fat cottage cheese and carrots casserole.
We have supper with stewed chicken meat (a piece of two hundred grams) and a plate of vegetable salad.

Friday

We have breakfast with a plate of millet porridge and one apple.
Before lunch, eat two medium-sized oranges.
We have lunch with meat goulash (no more than one hundred grams), a plate of fish soup and a plate of barley.
Have an afternoon snack with a plate of fresh vegetable salad.
We have supper with a good portion of stewed vegetables with lamb, with a total weight of up to 250 grams.

Saturday

We will have breakfast with a plate of bran-based porridge, one pear can be consumed as a bite.
Before lunch, it is permissible to eat one soft-boiled egg.
We dine with a large plate of vegetable stew with the addition of lean meat - only 250 grams.
Have an afternoon snack with a few permitted fruits.
We have dinner with a hundred grams of stewed lamb and a plate of vegetable salad in the amount of 150 grams.

Sunday

We have breakfast with a bowl of low-fat cottage cheese with a small amount of berries - only up to one hundred grams.
For the second breakfast - two hundred grams of grilled chicken.
We have lunch with a plate of vegetable soup, one hundred grams of goulash and a bowl of vegetable salad.
Have an afternoon snack with a plate of berry salad - up to 150 grams in total.
We have dinner with one hundred grams of boiled beans and two hundred grams of steamed shrimp.

Useful video

Nutrition for diabetes

A table of what can and cannot be eaten with diabetes mellitus can greatly facilitate the patient's life, since the data on all products and their combinations have long been calculated by endocrinologists. In addition, with the help of tables, it is easier to independently memorize the indicators of the most common fruits, vegetables and meat in the diet, which is useful for diabetics in any unexpected situations.

Food rules - permitted and prohibited foods

If you know exactly what you can eat with diabetes, the risk of eating a prohibited or hazardous to health product is noticeably reduced, while the daily life of a diabetic is greatly simplified. After analyzing the influence that certain food products have on the patient, scientists have derived the appropriate patterns and created special units of measurement with which you can evaluate any dish on the table. It should be noted that the data obtained are actively used not only by endocrinologists, but also by doctors of other specialties - cardiologists, pulmonologists, gastroenterologists, as well as nutritionists. The result of the work was the systematization and classification of all food and drinks available to a person according to their interaction with the characteristics of the state of the body in diabetes mellitus.

The main criteria by which the product is evaluated are the calorie content and the glycemic index, sometimes replaced by an analogue - a bread unit.

Calorie content, otherwise called energy value, means the amount of energy that a person receives when assimilating food eaten. This indicator is directly related to the subsequent expenditure of energy, so a lack of physical activity with an excess of calories (obtained, for example, from carbohydrates and fats) leads to negative consequences, one of which is obesity. As you know, in type 2 diabetes, this is a significant problem, therefore, appropriate diets are aimed at calculating the calories of the daily diet.

In turn, the glycemic index (GI) directly reflects the effect of the eaten product on the blood glucose level, which is already a more specific analysis of the relationship between the digested food and the diabetic's body. This became possible with the invention of glucometers and similar tests, which make it possible to quickly assess the increase and decrease in sugar concentration after each meal. The starting point in the comparison was the body's response to pure glucose, equated to 100 conventional units. Accordingly, the products were divided into three groups:

low GI: 10-40 points;
average GI: 40–70 points;
high GI:> 70 points.

As for the bread units (XE), this measuring system is based on an approximate estimate of the carbohydrates eaten for a single meal, where the conventional way of counting is white bread, which is strictly prohibited in type 2 diabetes. One such unit is equal to 10-13 grams. net carbohydrates, which, in turn, corresponds to 20-25 gr. of bread.

Based on the above, a list of products was compiled, divided into three groups: permitted, conditionally restricted, prohibited dishes. Also, a table of glycemic indices was created, having studied which, you can easily find out how much a particular meat, fruit, vegetable, cereal or flour product will be harmful or useful in the course of therapeutic treatment of diabetes mellitus. The general principles of product separation are intuitive: high-carbohydrate baked goods and flour products are prohibited, as are any sweets, regular sugar, fatty meats and dairy products (as well as almost any food prepared by roasting, salting or smoking). Accordingly, a diabetic should rely on a variety of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins and fiber, although there are certain limitations - not all plant foods are equally beneficial for the patient's health. To understand all the nuances and details of the correct diet for diabetes, you should consider all food groups separately.

Berries and fruits

Despite the fact that all natural plant foods are inherently healthier for diabetes than, for example, meat or dairy products, they should also be assessed according to the glycemic index. Careless hobby for not the most useful fruit can lead to unpleasant consequences, including not only overeating and indigestion, but also a sharp jump in blood glucose. It is important to remember that the table of glycemic indices is compiled with the condition that fruits and berries are in their natural fresh state, that is, without preservation, sugaring, heat treatment and other ways to improve or change the taste and texture.

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So, people with diabetes should remember what you can eat with type 2 diabetes among fruits and berries, and the following representatives of the group are most preferable in this regard:

apricots, cherries, grapefruits, plums, cherries - up to 25 GI;
raspberries, sea buckthorn, peaches, currants, apples, strawberries, pears, oranges - 30–35 GI;
grapes, gooseberries, tangerines, blueberries, blueberries - 40 GI.

It is important to understand that figures so favorable at first glance do not mean that all these fruits and berries can be eaten in unlimited quantities. You should always follow the rate, so it is better to do 200-250 grams per day. one of the types. As for the fruits that are not so preferable for diabetes mellitus, they include kiwi, mango, banana, persimmon, melon, pineapple and watermelon. Their glycemic index varies from 50 to 70 units, which can be attributed to the average, so the use of any of them is quite acceptable, but no more than 100-150 grams. at one time several times a week.

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Vegetables and greens

In an individually tailored diet, diabetics are instructed to give preference to certain foods, avoiding others, but, regardless of each case, the general rule is the mandatory inclusion of greens in the diet. Onions and leeks, parsley, basil, dill, lettuce, spinach, asparagus are all desirable ingredients in any diabetic dish, because, on the one hand, they have a low GI and calorie content, and, on the other hand, are full of vitamins and other organic components. The only condition, as before, is the need to use them exclusively fresh.

Another subgroup of vegetables that can also be included in the diet without a doubt are all types of cabbage: cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts and broccoli. Moreover, even stewing or pickling does not worsen their useful qualities too much, which has a very positive effect on the ability to diversify the diet menu. Other vegetables with a GI of less than 40 include radishes, tomatoes, cucumbers, pickled mushrooms, green and red peppers, garlic, carrots, lentils, and beans.

From this we can conclude that their inclusion in a variety of salads, soups, vegetable stews and other snacks is highly desirable.

At the same time, beets, pumpkins, zucchini and eggplants are conditionally allowed foods - their glycemic index ranges between 50 and 70 points, which allows them to be added to a dish no more than a couple of times a week in limited quantities. Finally, corn and potatoes should be attributed to undesirable vegetables in the diet of a diabetic: they are high-calorie foods with a high carbohydrate content, which adversely affects the course of therapy. In addition, one must understand that corn and potatoes are not eaten raw, and boiling or even more roasting only aggravates their undesirable properties. As a result, stewed potatoes or boiled corn are allowed to be consumed by a diabetic, but only after the permission of a doctor and subject to observation of the patient's condition.

Meat, poultry, fish and seafood

One of the most controversial food groups is represented by all kinds of meat: animals, poultry or fish (as well as other marine life). Contrary to misconceptions, no diabetic diet insists on a vegetarian lifestyle - meat must be included in the patient's diet if you know what you can and cannot eat. The first thing to remember is that any meat is a sufficiently high-calorie food, so there should not be too much of it in the dish, and the energy received should be spent on reasonable physical activity. The second principle is also simple: you only need to choose lean meats, avoiding any skins, veins, greasy layers.

Based on this concept, one can come to a logical conclusion about the meat that diabetic diseases are able to digest without problems:

poultry meat: chicken, turkey (including hearts and ventricles);
rabbit meat;
fat-free veal tenderloin;
lean fish varieties;
seafood: squid, octopus, shrimp.

On the other hand, goose and duck meat is discouraged, as are pork, fatty beef and lamb. A significant role in the final assessment of the harm or benefit of meat is played by the method of its preparation. Frying in oil or smoking is excluded, only stewing, boiling or baking in the oven is allowed. With the right approach, the variety of meat dishes available will turn a blind eye to the prohibitions on other types of meat.

As for meat products such as sausages or sausages, there is no consensus here, because in most cases it is difficult to accurately establish the mass fraction and type of meat that was used in their creation. In any case, it is necessary to refuse dry and uncooked smoked sausages, giving preference to boiled types (the prohibition also applies to smoked fish).

Cereals and cereals

Cereal cereals are another "pillar" in the diet of a diabetic, because their main varieties are delicious side dishes that are a good substitute for traditional potatoes or pasta. In addition, cereals are also rich in micro and macro elements, which, along with vegetables, makes them an integral part of a healthy menu. But even in this case, the choice should be rational, justified from the point of view of the table on the calorie content and the glycemic index of foods.

For example, most of the varieties of peas, beans and other beans fit well into a conservative diabetic diet, although you should not get carried away with them, because they put an increased load on the work of the entire gastrointestinal tract. But semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat porridge are well balanced in all respects, so they can be eaten every day, alternating for a change. The same applies to soybeans, bran and lentils, whose glycemic value does not exceed 20-25 points - for this reason, bran bread, along with rye, is the most preferable in comparison with other varieties. The following types of cereals are more specific:

whole grain couscous - 45 GI;
brown rice - 45 GI;
spelled - 40 GI;
oatmeal - 40 GI;
unpeeled barley - 45 GI.

As for banned cereals and cereals, you need to start with corn grits and, accordingly, flour, whose glycemic index varies between 70 and 80 units. Regular rice and barley are at a similar level as millet, sorghum, and hulled barley. As you can see, the choice of cereals is wide enough to exclude the likelihood of repetition of monotonous cereals every day. This allows you to create an interesting menu, taking into account all the requirements that diabetes mellitus imposes on nutrition.

Dairy products

Dairy products and their inclusion in the diet of a diabetic is also a rather controversial issue, because everyone's favorite cottage cheese, sour cream, milk or butter often contain too much animal fat. As you know, any endocrine disease, including diabetes mellitus, raises the level of harmful cholesterol in the blood, so the use of these products (especially butter) is prohibited in diabetes.

Of what remains in the table of permitted products, only kefir, yogurt and low-fat cottage cheese can be named. Sour cream and milk are allowed only in a very low-fat version, and no more than two to three times a week. It should be remembered that in most diabetic diets, dairy products are included in the menu as an independent and complete meal. For example, a glass of kefir or yogurt replaces an afternoon snack or a second dinner. For this reason, it is not recommended to get involved in dairy products, all the more, any cereals with milk, fruits with cream or ice cream (containing, among other things, a large amount of sugar) should be excluded from the diet.

Confectionery and bakery

With high sugar, baked goods should be served to diabetics in a strictly normalized form, because, along with sweets, they are the main source of carbohydrates in the diet.

Any pastry or puff pastry, as well as ordinary white bread, is strictly prohibited for use: instead of them, the patient is offered rye or bran bread - no more than two small slices for lunch and dinner.

It is forbidden to eat with high sugar and pasta, with the exception of those that were made from whole wheat or soybeans, and then were boiled "al dente" - that is, for only five minutes in water. Of the more specific types of flour products, buckwheat and yeast breads, as well as bread made from sprouted grains, can be noted. The glycemic index of all these products does not exceed 40 units, which is permissible in diabetes mellitus.

As for confectionery, among them are few delicacies that would not harm the health of a diabetic. For example, it is allowed to consume sorbet or dark chocolate without any additives, as well as infrequent inclusion in the diet of cocoa powder, which can replace regular tea. You can also try homemade marmalade or plain biscuits, but any such recipe should necessarily rely on the use of sugar substitutes. The diabetic will have to forget about the following desserts and pastries:

milk chocolate, sweets;
natural honey;
biscuits, cakes, pastries;
sugar and syrups

Also, do not forget that tea for type 2 diabetes should be drunk either without sugar, or with its substitutes. Natural jams and preserves should also be discarded so as not to risk an increase in blood glucose.

Alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks

With alcohol produced in a factory way, everything is simple - its use is strictly prohibited in diabetes, including even low-alcohol drinks. The only available alternative is to make homemade wine or infusions from various fruits and berries, but without using sugar for fermentation: similar recipes can be found if desired. As for soft drinks, in addition to tea, kefir or yogurt, diabetics are allowed to drink mineral water without gas, cocoa and various decoctions, for example, from rose hips.

It is undesirable to use traditional compotes and juices because of the high sugar content in them, especially since you should not drink sweet carbonated waters. Lemon, pomegranate and tomato juices can be called an exception, but naturalness and the absence of any additives such as sweeteners are a prerequisite in this case. From this it follows that it is not recommended to buy store-bought juices; it is better to squeeze vegetables and fruits on your own in a juicer.

Sweet foods and sugar substitutes

With high blood sugar, it is not allowed to cook any meals with the addition of ordinary granulated sugar, because this is fraught with hyperglycemia in a short time. For this reason, as well as in order to combat obesity, endocrinologists insist on the use of sugar substitutes, among which the most popular today are:

sorbitol;
fructose;
xylitol;
stevia;
saccharin;
aspartame;
cyclamate.

The last three relate to synthetic analogs of sugar produced in laboratory conditions. They are not always an effective substitute for beet or cane sugar, especially when preparing sweet dishes, but more importantly, they do not harm the patient's body.

Other foods (eggs, nuts, seasonings, soy)

It remains only to find out that you can not eat with type 2 diabetes mellitus from those foods that do not belong to any of the categories listed above. For example, soy products are welcome on diabetic menus because soy and its derivatives have a low glycemic index and are not high in calories. This applies equally to nuts, with the exception of coconut - walnuts, peanuts, cashews, pine nuts, almonds, pistachios and hazelnuts are rich in minerals and macronutrients with a low GI. However, they need to be eaten in small quantities and after proper processing: peanuts fried in oil will do more harm than good because of the fat.

Seasonings can be eaten with diabetes, but they should be added to dishes carefully, without getting carried away. An excess of seasonings in food unnecessarily irritates the stomach, simultaneously loading the pancreas, which already suffers from diabetes. Finally, chicken eggs are classified as conditionally allowed foods, because egg yolks are undesirable - it is better to give preference to proteins that are neutral from the point of view of diabetes.

It is not difficult to understand nutrition for a diabetic. It is enough to know which foods are available in limited quantities, and which should make up the bulk of the diet. Knowing also about the glycemic index, cooking methods and combinations, you can build quality nutrition aimed at maintaining a stable state.

13 permitted food groups for diabetes
What sweeteners are allowed?
Low glycemic index foods for diabetics
Type 2 Diabetes Food Table
Type 1 diabetes foods
What dairy products can be used for diabetes mellitus?

13 permitted food groups for diabetes

Diabetes imposes serious restrictions on the patient's diet, but the overall list of products is impressive even with strict adjustments to treatment.

The list of permitted products includes:

Lean meat. This is mainly poultry, fish, rabbit. In this case, not only the meat itself plays a role, but also the method of its preparation. The best ways are to stew, bake, boil. Read more about meat allowed for diabetics here. Seafood is also allowed - shrimp, scallop.
Whole grain baked goods. Diabetic bread can be used, but it should be wholemeal bread, enriched with fiber. Rye bread is also allowed.
Some cereals. The best porridge for diabetes is the one made from pearl barley. You can also cook buckwheat or oatmeal. Although their glycemic index reaches 50, in any case, cereals are needed, despite their not low glycemic index. Read more about choosing cereals here.
Any legumes and mushrooms. Vegetable protein is a worthy alternative to meat. Beans, peas and lentils can and should be used in the diet. Mushrooms fit perfectly here.
Hot first courses. Soups and broths are allowed only if they are not excessively fatty or prepared in a vegetarian version.
Some dairy products. Some dairy products are allowed for diabetics. For example, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, fermented baked milk, milk. Eggs are also allowed.
Vegetables. In addition to boiled potatoes, beets, carrots and zucchini, other vegetables can be included in the daily menu, especially if served raw. You can also include greens here.
Fruits and berries with a low glycemic index. Most fruits and berries are allowed, but watch out for their GI.
Wholemeal pasta. Usually, these pasta differ in taste and color, but unlike white pasta, they will not harm the body.
Tea coffee. By themselves, these drinks are almost harmless, unless, of course, you do not exceed the permissible daily allowance. Read about the influence of different types of tea on the body of a diabetic and about many other things in this article. But in any case, sugar cannot be added to the drink.
Soda. Allowed if there is no sugar in them.
Nuts and seeds. Any nuts raw or roasted without salt are allowed.
Special products for diabetics. As a rule, these are adapted products with acceptable sweeteners. However, their quantity should be normalized, since even sugar substitutes cannot be abused.

The healthiest foods for a diabetic are natural, low-carb, plant-based foods. 2/3 of the diet should consist of vegetables, fruits, cereals, nuts, coarse flour products. The second place is occupied by high-quality protein of animal origin, mainly dairy products and poultry. Some sweets are welcome, but homemade vegetarian or diabetic options (store-bought) are considered the best option.

What sweeteners are allowed?

Allowed sugar analogues include:

fructose;
xylitol;
sorbitol;
saccharin;
aspartame.

In limited quantities, sweeteners can be added to drinks, diabetic homemade sweets.

Low glycemic index foods for diabetics

The glycemic index (GI) shows how a particular food will increase blood sugar. There is a product schema, conventionally divided into three categories:

Foods with a high glycemic index - from 70 to 100;
With an average - from 50 to 70;
Low - up to 50.

The most suitable foods for diabetes have a low and rarely an average glycemic index. They are allowed to be included in the daily diet.

A list of low GI foods for diabetics can be viewed in the following table:

Based on it, you can include the following products in your daily menu:

salad and herbs;
tomatoes and cucumbers;
beans, broccoli and all types of cabbage;
mushrooms;
Green pepper;
legumes;
eggplant
pearl barley (sometimes buckwheat, oatmeal);
citrus fruit;
durum wheat pasta (brown and black).

However, when selecting products for GI, you need to know about some of the nuances:

Surely it is rather difficult to indicate the parameters of the GI of each product. For example, for white bread, a glycemic index of 70 is allocated, but if there is no sugar in this bread and all of it is strewn with seeds, then its glycemic index will decrease.
Heat treatment radically changes the glycemic index of the product in some cases. This applies to carrots, beets, pasta and cereals. The longer the heat treatment process, the more the glycemic index of the product will increase.
Pay attention to fiber foods. It guarantees medium and low GI. Bran bread has a GI of 45, and a white loaf has a GI of 85-90. The same applies to cereals: brown rice has a GI of up to 50, and white - 75.

To help you navigate, consider any sugar-rich food to be a high GI food. And if the product or its neighboring products in the dish contain proteins and fats, then the GI will be either medium or low.

Type 2 Diabetes Food Table

To make it easier to navigate what is allowed and what is forbidden in type 2 diabetes, use the table:

	Can	In limited quantities
Bread products and cereals	Rye bread, some cereals	Black bread, pasta	White bread, pastries, rice and regular pasta
Vegetables	Everything except the forbidden	Boiled potatoes and beets, canned vegetables	Fried potatoes, vegetables fried in margarine, boiled carrots, zucchini, pumpkin
Fruits and berries	Fruits and berries with a glycemic index up to 70 and below	Melon, watermelon, bananas	Fruits and berries with added sugar or canned
Condiments	Any natural spices	Homemade sauces	Mayonnaise, ketchup
Broths, soups	Vegetable, low-fat	Broths and soups with cereals	Broths on meat
Milk products	Kefir, fermented baked milk, low-fat milk, low-fat cheese	Yoghurts, feta cheese	Butter, fat cheese, sour cream, condensed milk, heavy cream
Fish with seafood	Fish fillet, shrimps	Fatty fish, oysters, mussels, squids	Canned fish, herring
Meat	Bird, rabbit	Veal, beef	Fat meat
Fats	Olive oil, non-fatty vegetable oil	Unrefined sunflower oil	Lard, margarine
desserts	-	Sweets for diabetics	Sweets with sugar

You can learn more about the type 2 diabetes diet here.

Type 1 diabetes foods

The best foods allowed for type 1 diabetics include:

cereals (it can be barley porridge, buckwheat, oatmeal, etc.);
baked goods, but without the use of yeast (for example, rye bread);
almost the entire list of vegetables, except for potatoes, boiled carrots, pumpkin, beets, zucchini;
fruits other than sweet ones;
sugar-free drinks (compotes, tea, mineral water, etc.);
soy products (tofu);
nuts and seeds raw.

Processing methods must also be strictly regulated. In particular, forget about fried foods. Steamed, baked dishes are welcome, but fresh or slightly cooked foods are best.

If possible, replace traditional tea with rosehip tea, broths and infusions, as they lower blood sugar levels.

What dairy products can be used for diabetes mellitus?

It is important to understand that dairy products are not completely excluded from the diabetic's menu, rather they are corrected. Dairy products are animal protein, without which diabetics' diet is severely limited.

Consider what is possible with diabetes mellitus from dairy products:

Cow's milk. Of course, regular full-fat milk is not suitable. It is necessary to select one in which there is initially a small fat content. At the same time, you can drink no more than 2 glasses of milk per day. Consider the portions of milk in your meals.
Goat milk. Such milk is possible, but in very limited quantities, meticulously calculating the calorie content and monitoring the sugar level. Milk is fatty, but it helps to strengthen blood vessels.
Kefir, fermented baked milk. Natural yogurt can be added to the same list, but only if it is made at home, and yogurt. These products can have either high or low fat content. You need to choose the latter. It is allowed to use kefir along with fresh berries, thereby making a delicious and natural dessert.
Cottage cheese. Cottage cheese products are perhaps the best possible protein food for a diabetic. A rich list of vitamins and the required amount of protein is a great option for several meals. However, even with cottage cheese, you cannot overdo it and always monitor the total calorie content.
Milk serum. Against the background of a complex of vitamins and nutrients, whey helps to regulate metabolic processes in the body. Its components soothe the nervous system, normalize weight and have a beneficial effect on the immune system.
Milk mushroom. It is also called mushroom kefir. It is easy to prepare at home, does not require serious preparation costs. Mushroom kefir is useful for diabetics, as it lowers blood sugar, normalizes metabolic processes and restores the pancreas.

You can find out about prohibited foods for diabetes here.

Diabetic food is a balanced diet that anyone should adhere to. Knowing about healthy products, you can eat hearty, full-fledged and tasty, and your health will not suffer. The main principle by which products for diabetics are selected is naturalness and a low glycemic index.

Preferential medicines for diabetics

What to eat with diabetes mellitus: how to eat properly for diabetics?

To learn more…

When blood sugar is regularly increased, it is necessary to radically change the nutritional system. For type 2 diabetics, the diet will serve as the main therapy and in old age will save a person from the negative consequences of the "sweet" disease. Often, a person is faced with this type of diabetes after 40 years and then the question arises - what is there with diabetes? First you need to know the principle of choosing products.

There is a special table of foods with a low glycemic index (GI) that do not affect the increase in blood glucose concentration. GI shows how quickly glucose is absorbed into the body from the use of any food or drink. The list of products acceptable in the patient's menu is extensive, which allows you to cook a variety of delicious dishes every day.

Since diet therapy plays an important role in the life of a diabetic, you should thoroughly study the information about what to eat with type 2 diabetes, the list of allowed and prohibited foods, which menu will help reduce the concentration of glucose in the blood.

Glycemic index of foods

With diabetes mellitus, you need to eat foods with a glycemic index up to 49 units inclusive. It is these products that should be included in the patient's daily menu. Food and drinks, whose index ranges from 50 to 69 units, are permissible in the diet up to three times a week, and not more than 150 grams. However, if the disease is in an exacerbation stage, then they will need to be excluded until the state of human health stabilizes.

It is strictly forbidden to eat foods with diabetes mellitus 2 with a high glycemic index, from 70 units and above. They dramatically increase blood sugar, provoking the development of hyperglycemia and other dangerous complications in various body functions.

In some cases, the GI may rise. For example, during heat treatment, carrots and beets lose their fiber, and their index rises to a high, but fresh they have an index of 15 units. It is contraindicated for diabetics to drink fruit and berry juices and nectars, even if they had a low index when fresh. The fact is that with this method of processing, fruits and berries lose fiber, and glucose enters the bloodstream very quickly. Only 100 milliliters of juice can increase the readings by 4 mmol / L.

But GI is not the only criterion for choosing products in the patient's menu. So, you need to pay attention to:

glycemic index of foods;
calorie content;
the content of nutrients.

The choice of products for diabetes according to this principle promises the patient to reduce the disease to "no" and to protect the body from the negative effects of the failure of the endocrine system.

Choice of cereals

Cereals are healthy products that saturate the body with a vitamin and mineral complex and give a feeling of fullness for a long time due to the presence of difficultly digested carbohydrates. However, not all cereals can benefit a diabetic.

You also need to know how to cook them correctly. First, the thicker the porridge, the higher its glycemic value. But it rises by only a few units from the declared indicator in the table.

Secondly, it is better to eat porridge with diabetes mellitus without butter, replacing it with olive oil. If milk grits are being prepared, then the ratio of water and milk is taken one to one. This will not affect the taste in any way, but the calorie content of the finished dish will decrease.

The list of varieties of cereals permissible with diabetes:

barley grits;
pearl barley;
buckwheat;
bulgur;
spelled;
wheat porridge;
oatmeal;
brown (brown), red, wild and basmati rice.

You will have to give up corn porridge (hominy), semolina, white rice. These cereals have a high GI and can cause blood glucose to rise.

Pearl barley has the lowest index, about 22 units.

The varieties of rice indicated in the list have an index of 50 units, while they are much healthier than white rice due to the fact that the grain shell, rich in dietary fiber and minerals, is preserved in such a cereal.

Meat, fish, seafood

These foods are important for diabetes due to the content of easily digestible animal proteins. They provide the body with energy, promote the formation of muscle mass and are involved in the interaction of insulin and glucose.

Patients eat lean types of meat and fish, first removing the remnants of fat and skins from them. You should definitely eat seafood, at least twice a week - there are no restrictions on their choice.

For the preparation of broths, it is better not to use meat, but to add it ready-made to the dish. If, after all, soups are cooked in meat broth, then only on a lean second, that is, after the first boiling of the meat, the water is drained and the process of making the soup begins on the second.

Allowed meats include the following:

chicken;
quail;
turkey;
beef;
rabbit meat
veal;
venison.

Meat products excluded from the diet of patients with diabetes mellitus:

pork;
duck;
mutton;
nutria.

An adult with a "sweet" disease needs to fully saturate the body with iron, which is responsible for the process of hematopoiesis. This element is found in large quantities in by-products (liver, heart), which are not prohibited in diabetes.

With type 2 diabetes mellitus, the body does not receive essential vitamins and minerals due to malfunctioning metabolic processes. Fish will help you get enough phosphorus and fatty acids.

It is boiled, baked, used to prepare first courses and salads. Although endocrinologists insist on choosing lean varieties, fatty fish is occasionally allowed on the menu, since it is rich in fatty acids, therefore it is indispensable for women's health.

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limonella;
perch;
pollock;
Pike;
flounder;
cod;
pollock;
mackerel;
zander.

It is useful to eat boiled seafood at least once a week - shrimp, mussels, squid.

Vegetables

How to feed a diabetic is not an easy question, but patients need to know for sure that vegetables should occupy up to 50% of the total amount of food. They have a lot of fiber, which slows down the absorption of glucose.

You need to eat vegetables for breakfast, lunch and dinner, fresh, salted and thermally processed. It is better to choose seasonal products, they contain more vitamins. In diabetes, the table of vegetables with a low index is extensive and this allows you to prepare many delicious dishes - salads, side dishes, stews, casseroles, ratatouille and many others.

What is prohibited in diabetes is pumpkin, corn, boiled carrots, celery and beets, potatoes. Unfortunately, the favorite potato is unacceptable for a diabetic diet due to the index of 85 units. To reduce this indicator, there is one trick - cut the peeled tubers into pieces and soak in cool water for at least three hours.

List of approved products:

zucchini, eggplant, squash;
leeks, onions, purple onions;
all varieties of cabbage - white cabbage, red cabbage, Chinese, Beijing, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, kohlrabi;
legumes - peas, beans, asparagus, chickpeas;
garlic;
green, red, bulgarian and chili;
any varieties of mushrooms - oyster mushrooms, butter, chanterelles, champignons;
radish, Jerusalem artichoke;
a tomato;
cucumber.

You can add herbs to food, their index is not higher than 15 units - parsley, dill, basil, cilantro, lettuce, oregano.

Fruits and berries

What to feed those with type 2 diabetes for dessert? Fruits and berries will help to solve this issue. The most useful natural desserts without sugar are prepared from them - marmalade, jelly, jam, candied fruits and much more.

Those with diabetes mellitus must be fed fruits daily, they will increase immunity, help normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract. But be careful with this type of food, because with their increased consumption, blood glucose can rise.

In type 2 diabetes, a number of berries and fruits should be excluded due to their high GI. You also need to know how many times and in what quantity it is allowed to accept these products. The daily rate will be up to 250 grams, it is better to plan a meal in the morning.

A complete list of "safe" products for diabetes mellitus:

apples, pears;
blueberries, blackberries, mulberries, pomegranates;
red, black currant;
strawberries, strawberries, raspberries;
Cherry;
plum;
apricot, nectarine, peaches;
gooseberry;
all types of citrus fruits - lemon, orange, tangerines, grapefruit, pomelo;
rosehip, juniper.

What foods cause an increase in blood glucose:

watermelon;
melon;
persimmon;
banana;
a pineapple;
kiwi.

The above describes all permitted and prohibited foods for diabetes mellitus of any type.

Healthy recipes

Diabetics with the first and second type can cook these recipes daily. All meals are composed of low GI products, which allowed them to be used in diet therapy.

The most common question is if diabetes mellitus is what to eat for snacks, because the food should be low in calories and, at the same time, satisfy the feeling of hunger. Usually, they eat vegetable or fruit salads, fermented milk products, and diet bread sandwiches for an afternoon snack.

It also happens that there is no time to fully eat all day, then high-calorie nuts, but at the same time with a low GI, will come to the rescue - cashews, hazelnuts, pistachios, peanuts, walnuts and pine nuts. Their daily rate will be up to 50 grams.

Salads that reduce the concentration of glucose in the blood can be prepared from Jerusalem artichoke (earthen pear). For the "summer mood" salad, you will need the following ingredients:

two Jerusalem artichokes, about 150 grams;
one cucumber;
one carrot;
daikon - 100 grams;
a few sprigs of parsley and dill;
olive oil for salad dressing.

Rinse Jerusalem artichoke under running water and rub with a sponge to remove the peel. Cut the cucumber and Jerusalem artichoke into strips, carrots, rub the daikon like a Korean carrot, mix all the ingredients, salt and season with oil.

Having made such a salad once, it will forever become a favorite dish for the whole family.

Also, this diet is suitable for those whose non-insulin-dependent diabetes was caused by overweight. If the patient still experiences a feeling of hunger, then you can expand the menu with the help of light snacks (food prefix), for example, 50 grams of nuts or seeds, 100 grams of tofu cheese, tea with diet breads would be a good option.

First day:

Serve for breakfast a vegetable stew for type 2 diabetics and a slice of rye bread, coffee with cream.
snack - tea, two diet bread, 100 grams of tofu cheese;
lunch - pea soup, boiled chicken, barley, cucumber, jelly on oat flour;
snack - two dietary loaves, 50 grams of slightly salted red fish, coffee with cream;
dinner - milk oatmeal with dried apricots, 150 grams of cherries.

Second day:

breakfast - stewed cabbage, liver cutlet, tea;
snack - fruit salad (apple, strawberry, orange, pomegranate), the portion will be 200 - 250 grams;
lunch - soup with wheat groats, pasta casserole from durum wheat with chicken, tomato, coffee with cream;
snack - 50 grams of walnuts, one apple;
dinner - steamed limonella, buckwheat, tea.

Third day:

breakfast - seafood and vegetable salad, a slice of rye bread, tea;
snack - 200 grams of any fruit, 100 grams of low-fat cottage cheese;
lunch - borscht on tomato without beets, basmati rice pilaf, herbal decoction;
snack - vegetable salad with Jerusalem artichoke, coffee with cream;
dinner - an omelet with vegetables, a slice of rye bread, tea.

Fourth day:

breakfast - barley porridge, boiled beef, cabbage salad, tea;
snack - 150 grams of cottage cheese, pear;
lunch - hodgepodge, vegetable stew, turkey cutlets, a slice of rye bread, tea;
snack - an apple, two fructose cookies, coffee with cream;
dinner - milk oatmeal with prunes and dried apricots, a handful of cashews or other nuts, tea.

In order to bring blood sugar back to normal, in addition to the nutrition correctly selected by the endocrinologist, devote time to exercise therapy for diabetes mellitus of any type. Regular moderate exercise is excellent at fighting high blood glucose levels. If there is an exacerbation of the course of the disease, then sports should be agreed with a doctor.

The video in this article provides information on diet # 9 for high blood sugar.

Stabilizes sugar levels for a long time
Restores the production of insulin by the pancreas

To learn more…

Source: zdor.diabet-lechenie.ru

Content

When diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, a person should eat according to a specific menu. This disease belongs to common endocrine abnormalities; patients of different ages and genders suffer from it. What can you eat with different types of diabetes, what foods are allowed to eat so that the sugar level does not rise? If you adhere to specific nutritional principles and know what is recommended and what is forbidden to eat, then a stable, good health is guaranteed for a diabetic.

Nutrition principles

An ailment provoked by a deficiency of insulin (a protein hormone) is called diabetes mellitus. The main sign of endocrine disease is an increase in blood sugar. The rest of the symptoms include: metabolic disorders, damage to the nervous system and blood vessels, other systems and human organs. There are two main types of endocrine pathology:

Insulin-dependent diabetes or type 1 disease is often diagnosed in children and young people. With this type of disease, there is a complete insulin deficiency caused by malfunctions of the pancreas.
Insulin-independent type (type 2) is more common. It is characterized by a relative lack of the hormone. The disease is inherent in obese people of both sexes. The age of patients with the second type is more than forty years.
Diabetes of the gestational type (can occur during the period of gestation).

There are simple dietary rules:

Fractional food. You need to eat 4-6 times a day in small doses. There is a short break between meals.
It is forbidden to eat sugar. Any confectionery is excluded. The amount of carbohydrates will also have to be reduced.
Doctors advise consuming the same amount of calories / carbohydrates with meals. It is recommended to write down this information in a diary, this will simplify the task of a correct diet.
Another rule is the introduction of an increased norm of proteins into the diet. Such a diet contributes to the provision of the necessary "building material" for the regeneration of damaged tissues.
Carbohydrate reserves are replenished through cereals, vegetables, unsweetened fruits, baked goods. It is advisable to choose such foods rich in fiber and dietary fiber.
Endocrinologists recommend not to abuse fried foods, strong meat broths and similar foods.

What is a unit of bread

A conditional measure of food consumed equal to 12 grams of carbohydrates is a bread unit (XE). It was developed by German nutritionists to roughly estimate the amount of carbohydrates in each individual food. It is advisable for a sick person to have a special table with him. It determines the number of carbohydrates in the product and the number of bread units per day.

Using these tips, you can quickly and easily create a treatment menu. You can calculate the amount of XE in any product using a simple scheme, without using tables. Often, food packages indicate how many carbohydrates are in one hundred grams of a product. When this number is found, it must be divided by 12. The result is the number of bread units in 100 grams of the selected product.

Diet

In case of illness, it is necessary to determine in advance which diet for diabetes mellitus will help maintain normal health. Adhering to a certain diet, cooking according to "diabetic" recipes and following the advice of a specialist is the key to excellent health. Diet therapy is developed by an endocrinologist. This exercise is tailored to the specific type of ailment.

Diet for type 2 diabetes

The endocrinologist prescribes an individual menu for each patient with the second type of disease. True, there are general principles of food consumption. The type 2 diabetic diet is a balanced diet with the correct ratio of nutrients:

fats - up to 30 percent;
complex carbohydrates - 5 to 55 percent;
proteins - 15-20 percent.

The diabetic's daily diet includes the following foods:

moderate amounts of vegetable fats;
fish, seafood;
fiber (vegetables, fruits, herbs).

Nutrition for type 1 diabetes

A dietary diet for a sick person allows you to achieve positive results in treatment. The diet for insulin-dependent diabetes has several features:

Treatment with a specific meal plan is based on glucose control.
It is forbidden to eat before bedtime.
The maximum allowed calorie content is 3000 kcal per day.
The diabetic (man or woman) is obliged to eat small portions (at least 6 times).
It is imperative to count the number of XE (bread units). Diabetics are allowed no more than 8 bread units per meal.
It is recommended to give up sugar. An alternative to sucrose is special sweeteners (for example, fructose).
If symptoms develop, eat less jam, honey, and baked goods.

What can you eat

A therapeutic diet is necessary to improve health in general, to reduce the risks of the appearance of pathologies caused by the disease. In order to feel good and not aggravate the disease, you need to find out from the doctor what foods you can eat. Different categories of food, the specifics of their use and the allowed amount are discussed below.

Bread

People who have problems with insufficient insulin should use baked goods with caution. Many are interested in what kind of bread can you eat with diabetes? There are certain medical guidelines in this regard. It is allowed to include black bread, whole grain products, with bran in the diet menu. It is forbidden to eat buns, white bread, rolls and other pastries. The norm of flour products that can be eaten per day is from 200 to 350 grams.

Fruits and vegetables

The daily menu should always contain healthy fruits and vegetables for diabetes. Such products are a "storehouse" of fiber and a variety of vitamins. People with an insulin deficiency need to keep a close eye on serving size to avoid gaining weight. There are almost no restrictions on vegetables, but it is worth limiting the amount of fruits with a high content of carbohydrates and starch (potatoes, beets, carrots, beans, green peas, chickpeas).

It is allowed to cook dishes from the following vegetables:

tomatoes;

sweet salad peppers;
eggplant;
cauliflower, white cabbage;
cucumbers;
turnip;
zucchini;
pumpkin;
celery, parsley, dill, onion.

Fruits and berries can be eaten fresh. Some diabetics prefer cooking stewed fruit, fruit drinks, jelly. When choosing these healthy products, it is advisable to buy varieties with a minimum sugar content. It is more reasonable to give preference to products that are completely free of sucrose. What can you eat with diabetes? Options for berries and fruits allowed for endocrine disease:

raspberries;
currant;
cranberry;
plum;
peach;
Apple;
pear;
Cherry;
citrus fruits (orange, pomelo, lemon, grapefruit).

Meat and fish

The human diet must be complete, contain the necessary nutrients. For example, meat and fish with diabetes are natural sources of protein, which is considered mandatory for a sick person's menu. Meat products allowed with a lack of insulin:

lean poultry (chicken, turkey);
varieties of meat with a low lipid content (veal, rabbit meat).

Fish is much more important for a diabetic, because its nutritional value is much higher. Doctors strongly recommend eating different types of fish, all types of seafood. It will not be superfluous to prepare any dishes from these products. It is advisable to use moderately fatty varieties of sea and river inhabitants:

pollock;
flounder;
carp;
mullet;
trout;
crucian carp;
shellfish;
squid;
shrimp;
fish fat;
lean fish soups with spices.

Dairy products

For any degree of endocrine disease, it is recommended to use milk. You need to know what dairy products can be used for diabetes. Cow's milk should be low-fat, one or two glasses may be allowed (daily rate). Fermented baked milk, kefir, yogurt with low fat content are absorbed by the body faster than milk, so they are allowed to be eaten in unlimited quantities.

Cereals

Every diabetic is allowed to eat a variety of cereals every day. The most "popular" and useful of them are: oatmeal for diabetes, "Hercules", pearl barley, bulgur, buckwheat. It is advisable to remove white rice from the diabetic's menu, it contains a lot of starch (an alternative is the brown parboiled variety). Semolina and couscous should also not be included in the diabetic's menu. Before preparing a dish of cereals, it is worth finding out if it can be eaten in the presence of an endocrine disease.

Low glycemic index foods for diabetics

The main metric that has been used to compile the lists of allowed food for a diabetic is the glycemic index (GI). This value gives information about the level of glucose in human blood, after eating a certain food. The higher this index, the more harmful the product is in the presence of diabetes. Before preparing food, you need to study the data from a special table. Products for diabetics are classified as follows (glucose index - 100):

Low glycemic index (less than 30%). This food segment is allowed for all people with diabetes, there are no restrictions.
Medium GI (30 to 70%). Such food can also be eaten, but the sick person must take the index into account when calculating the insulin dose.
High GI (approximate index - 70-90%). It is advisable to exclude from the diet or significantly reduce the volume of their consumption.

Glycemic table of foods for diabetics

A person with problems in the endocrine part can independently paint a diet for a week or more. The table of carbohydrates in foods for diabetics will help him with this. Let's start with vegetables:

The product's name	Glycemic index
Basil or parsley
Lettuce leaves
Fresh tomatoes



Fresh cabbage
Sauerkraut
Leek
Bell peppers


Eggplant caviar
Vegetable stew (or vinaigrette)
Boiled beets
Mashed potatoes
Fried potatoes

GI of fruits and berries:

Name

Grapefruit

Strawberry
Red currant
Black currant




Strawberry

Orange


Mandarin

Grape

Glycemic index for a diabetic milk:

Name
Low fat milk
Soy milk
Low fat kefir
Low-fat cottage cheese
Natural milk
Curd (9%)
Fruit yogurt
Sulguni cheese
Processed cheese
Curd
Sour cream (20%)
Cream (10%)
Ice cream
Condensed milk

Drinks also have their own glycemic index:

Name
Tomato juice
Carrot juice
Ground coffee
Natural coffe
Soda
Grape juice
Grapefruit juice
Apple juice
Orange juice

Fruit compote

Other products:

The product's name
Boiled crayfish
Seaweed
Crab sticks

Egg (1 piece)

Walnut


Seeds (sunflower)

Dark chocolate

What drinks can you drink

A clear sign of the disease is considered to be severe dryness in the mouth. Thirst constantly torments a person with diabetes. Many endocrinologist patients are forced to drink up to 6-10 liters of fluid per day. Given the presence of such an unpleasant problem, it is necessary to remember well which drinks for diabetes effectively quench thirst. Here is a small list of permitted drinks:

Plain, purified water. If the water is bought in a store, then you should carefully study its composition.
Store-bought diet lemonade or its homemade version with a sweetener.
Mineral water.
Warm or cold tea.
A variety of sugar-free fruit juices.

Sugar substitutes for diabetes

A person suffering from a lack of insulin should not eat foods with fast-digesting carbohydrates. For example, you need to exclude sucrose from the daily menu. Instead of sugar, you can use sweetener tablets for diabetes. They are classified into natural (energy-identical to glucose) and artificial (non-nutritive substances). The first group includes:

xylitol;
fructose;
sorbitol.

Second group:

aspartame;
cyclomat;
acesulfame potassium.

What not to eat with diabetes

Endocrine abnormalities are a serious, dangerous problem, so you need to know in advance what foods should not be eaten with diabetes. Below is a list for diabetics that will help you eat properly and avoid complications of the disease:

Doctors categorically prohibit eating sweets: cakes, sweets, pastries, and so on. It is known that their taste is based on sugar, which is always present in the composition of confectionery, and this component is dangerous to the patient's health. Allowed to eat pastries and other delicacies prepared using sweeteners. You can learn how to make sweets for diabetics at home via the Internet.
The diagnosis implies the complete exclusion of fried, spicy and smoked foods.
You cannot eat muffins, fried potatoes, white rice.
Sausages should not be added to the diabetic's diet.
It is forbidden to eat fatty mayonnaise, butter, margarine.
Rice, semolina, pasta should be removed from the daily menu.
Another contraindicated ingredient for the patient is home preservation.

Video: food for diabetes

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can diagnose and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Diabetes mellitus diet - diet menu and glycemic index of allowed foods in the table

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