What is a bishop's courtyard? Three reasons why patriarchal metochions are proliferating in Russia

Monastery courtyard- “a community of Orthodox Christians, within the jurisdiction of a monastery and located outside it” (excerpt from the charter of the Russian Orthodox Church). Administratively, the metochion is subordinate to the same bishop as the monastery to which it belongs. During divine services, if the metochion is located on the territory of another diocese, in the church of the metochion both the name of the diocesan bishop (the bishop to whom the monastery is subordinate) and the name of the bishop in whose diocese the metochion is located are exalted.

Farmsteads are organized (if we're talking about about city courtyards of monasteries) for collecting donations and income in favor of the monastery and receiving pilgrims, and in rural areas - for the corresponding economic activity.

The compound includes living quarters and a temple. A metochion can be located at a very considerable distance from the corresponding monastery, often in the nearest big city or in the capital.

Local church yard

Trading compound ( merchant's compound) - in medieval cities, a fenced and often fortified place (quarter, street, or part of the city), where out-of-town and foreign merchants usually lived, their goods were stored and sold. The trading courtyard contained hotels, warehouses and shops. A temple was also built here, which was often also a place for storing the most valuable goods, and the priest, as a rule, helped merchants in settlements, sealed agreements, etc. All visiting merchants were subordinate to the elder or consul of the courtyard.

In Russia, courtyards were also called merchant living houses with warehouses, which many provincial and foreign merchants built for themselves in capital cities - something between an embassy and a trade mission. Merchants lived in such farmsteads only when they arrived in the capital from their native provincial or foreign city. As a rule, such farmsteads had a house church. An example of such a courtyard is the Old English Courtyard in Kitai-Gorod.

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Notes

Literature

• Trading compound // Slavic Encyclopedia. XVII century: in 2 volumes / Author-compiler V.V. Boguslavsky. - M.: Olma-Press, 2004. - T. 2 N–Y. - P. 451. - ISBN 5-224-03660-7.
• // Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language: in 4 volumes / author's compilation. V. I. Dal. - 2nd ed. - St. Petersburg. : Printing house M. O. Wolf, 1880-1882.

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An excerpt characterizing the Compound

- Why is this so? asked Pierre.
- Yes, at least about firewood or feed, I’ll report to you. After all, we were retreating from the Sventsyans, don’t you dare touch a twig, or some hay, or anything. After all, we are leaving, he gets it, isn’t it, your Excellency? - he turned to his prince, - don’t you dare. In our regiment, two officers were put on trial for such matters. Well, as His Serene Highness did, it just became so about this. We saw the light...
- So why did he forbid it?
Timokhin looked around in confusion, not understanding how or what to answer such a question. Pierre turned to Prince Andrei with the same question.
“And so as not to ruin the region that we left to the enemy,” said Prince Andrei with malicious mockery. – This is very thorough; The region must not be allowed to be plundered and the troops must not be accustomed to looting. Well, in Smolensk, he also correctly judged that the French could get around us and that they had more forces. But he could not understand,” Prince Andrei suddenly shouted in a thin voice, as if escaping, “but he could not understand that we fought there for the first time for Russian land, that there was such a spirit in the troops that I had never seen, that We fought off the French for two days in a row and that this success increased our strength tenfold. He ordered a retreat, and all efforts and losses were in vain. He didn’t think about betrayal, he tried to do everything as best as possible, he thought it over; but that’s why it’s no good. He is no good now precisely because he thinks everything over very thoroughly and carefully, as every German should. How can I tell you... Well, your father has a German footman, and he is an excellent footman and will satisfy all his needs better than you, and let him serve; but if your father is sick at the point of death, you will drive away the footman and with your unusual, clumsy hands you will begin to follow your father and calm him down better than a skilled but stranger. That's what they did with Barclay. While Russia was healthy, a stranger could serve her, and she had an excellent minister, but as soon as she was in danger; I need my own dear person. And in your club they made up the idea that he was a traitor! The only thing they will do by slandering him as a traitor is that later, ashamed of their false accusation, they will suddenly make a hero or a genius out of the traitors, which will be even more unfair. He is an honest and very neat German...
“However, they say he is a skilled commander,” said Pierre.
“I don’t understand what a skilled commander means,” said Prince Andrey with mockery.
“A skillful commander,” said Pierre, “well, the one who foresaw all the contingencies... well, guessed the thoughts of the enemy.”
“Yes, this is impossible,” said Prince Andrei, as if about a long-decided matter.
Pierre looked at him in surprise.
“However,” he said, “they say that war is like a chess game.”
“Yes,” said Prince Andrei, “only with this small difference that in chess you can think about every step as much as you like, that you are there outside the conditions of time, and with this difference that a knight is always stronger than a pawn and two pawns are always stronger.” alone, and in war sometimes one battalion stronger than the division, and sometimes weaker than the company. The relative strength of the troops cannot be known to anyone. Believe me,” he said, “if anything depended on the orders of the headquarters, I would have been there and made the orders, but instead I have the honor of serving here, in the regiment with these gentlemen, and I think that we really tomorrow will depend, not on them... Success has never depended and will not depend on position, weapons, or even numbers; and least of all from the position.
- And from what?
“From the feeling that is in me, in him,” he pointed to Timokhin, “in every soldier.”
Prince Andrei looked at Timokhin, who looked at his commander in fear and bewilderment. In contrast to his previous restrained silence, Prince Andrei now seemed agitated. He apparently could not resist expressing those thoughts that unexpectedly came to him.
– The battle will be won by the one who is determined to win it. Why did we lose the battle at Austerlitz? Our loss was almost equal to that of the French, but we told ourselves very early that we had lost the battle - and we lost. And we said this because we had no need to fight there: we wanted to leave the battlefield as quickly as possible. “If you lose, then run away!” - we ran. If we hadn’t said this until the evening, God knows what would have happened. And tomorrow we won’t say this. You say: our position, the left flank is weak, the right flank is stretched,” he continued, “all this is nonsense, there is none of this.” What do we have in store for tomorrow? A hundred million of the most varied contingencies that will be decided instantly by the fact that they or ours ran or will run, that they will kill this one, they will kill the other; and what is being done now is all fun. The fact is that those with whom you traveled in position not only do not contribute to the general course of affairs, but interfere with it. They are busy only with their own small interests.
- At such a moment? - Pierre said reproachfully.
“At such a moment,” repeated Prince Andrei, “for them it is only such a moment in which they can dig under the enemy and get an extra cross or ribbon.” For me, for tomorrow this is this: a hundred thousand Russian and a hundred thousand French troops came together to fight, and the fact is that these two hundred thousand are fighting, and whoever fights angrier and feels less sorry for himself will win. And if you want, I’ll tell you that, no matter what it is, no matter what is confused up there, we will win the battle tomorrow. Tomorrow, no matter what, we will win the battle!
“Here, your Excellency, the truth, the true truth,” said Timokhin. - Why feel sorry for yourself now! The soldiers in my battalion, would you believe it, didn’t drink vodka: it’s not such a day, they say. - Everyone was silent.
The officers stood up. Prince Andrei went out with them outside the barn, giving the last orders to the adjutant. When the officers left, Pierre approached Prince Andrei and was just about to start a conversation when the hooves of three horses clattered along the road not far from the barn, and, looking in this direction, Prince Andrei recognized Wolzogen and Clausewitz, accompanied by a Cossack. They drove close, continuing to talk, and Pierre and Andrey involuntarily heard the following phrases:
– Der Krieg muss im Raum verlegt werden. Der Ansicht kann ich nicht genug Preis geben, [War must be transferred to space. I cannot praise this view enough (German)] - said one.
“O ja,” said another voice, “da der Zweck ist nur den Feind zu schwachen, so kann man gewiss nicht den Verlust der Privatpersonen in Achtung nehmen.” [Oh yes, since the goal is to weaken the enemy, the losses of private individuals cannot be taken into account]
“O ja, [Oh yes (German)],” confirmed the first voice.
“Yes, im Raum verlegen, [transfer into space (German)],” Prince Andrei repeated, snorting angrily through his nose, when they passed. – Im Raum then [In space (German)] I still have a father, a son, and a sister in Bald Mountains. He doesn't care. This is what I told you - these German gentlemen will not win the battle tomorrow, but will only spoil how much their strength will be, because in his German head there are only reasonings that are not worth a damn, and in his heart there is nothing that is only and what is needed for tomorrow is what is in Timokhin. They gave all of Europe to him and came to teach us - glorious teachers! – his voice squealed again.
– So you think that tomorrow’s battle will be won? - said Pierre.
“Yes, yes,” said Prince Andrei absently. “One thing I would do if I had power,” he began again, “I would not take prisoners.” What are prisoners? This is chivalry. The French have ruined my house and are going to ruin Moscow, and they have insulted and insulted me every second. They are my enemies, they are all criminals, according to my standards. And Timokhin and the entire army think the same. We must execute them. If they are my enemies, then they cannot be friends, no matter how they talk in Tilsit.
“Yes, yes,” said Pierre, looking at Prince Andrei with sparkling eyes, “I completely, completely agree with you!”
The question that had been troubling Pierre since Mozhaisk Mountain all that day now seemed to him completely clear and completely resolved. He now understood the whole meaning and significance of this war and the upcoming battle. Everything he saw that day, all the significant, stern expressions on faces that he glimpsed, were illuminated for him with a new light. He understood that hidden (latente), as they say in physics, warmth of patriotism, which was in all those people whom he saw, and which explained to him why all these people were calmly and seemingly frivolously preparing for death.
“Take no prisoners,” continued Prince Andrei. “This alone would change the whole war and make it less cruel.” Otherwise we were playing at war - that’s what’s bad, we’re being generous and the like. This is generosity and sensitivity - like the generosity and sensitivity of a lady who becomes sick when she sees a calf being killed; she is so kind that she cannot see the blood, but she eats this calf with gravy with appetite. They talk to us about the rights of war, about chivalry, about parliamentarianism, to spare the unfortunate, and so on. It's all nonsense. I saw chivalry and parliamentarianism in 1805: we were deceived, we were deceived. They rob other people's houses, pass around counterfeit banknotes, and worst of all, they kill my children, my father, and talk about the rules of war and generosity towards enemies. Don't take prisoners, but kill and go to your death! Who got to this point the way I did, through the same suffering...

Compound

Compound

1. House in the city with outbuildings, owned by a person permanently residing in another place, and serving for temporary stops and storage of goods. The courtyard of a Moscow merchant in Irbit.

2. Inn.

3. A city church with a dormitory for monks, belonging to a country monastery.

Dictionary Ushakova. D.N. Ushakov. 1935-1940.

Synonyms:

See what "MATCHION" is in other dictionaries:

Compound- (Antonovka, Russia) Hotel category: Address: Fiftieth Army Street 6 A, Antonovka, Russia ... Hotel catalog

Wed. a visiting inn, a visiting hut, with a bridge for horses and carts; hotel; in Moscow, many inns have retained the old name of the courtyard. | A house with all the space and amenities of a merchant, a factory owner, for visiting, for parking his convoys, for... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Cm … Synonym dictionary

Compound- (Velikiye Luki, Russia) Hotel category: Address: Moscow Riga Highway 467 km, Velikiye Luki, Ross... Hotel catalog

Compound, I, born. pl. riy, Wed 1. Same as inn (obsolete). Stop at point 2. Hotel, preferably. for clergy (with a church, chapel) belonging to a bishop or monastery. Bishop's item 3. Yard and vegetable garden, farm at... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

courtyard- courtyard, family pl. farmsteads (wrong farmsteads) ... Dictionary of difficulties of pronunciation and stress in modern Russian language

courtyard- Residential house with outbuildings in cities pre-revolutionary Russia, owned by a nonresident person or a monastery and intended for the temporary stay of people and storage of goods [Terminological dictionary of construction... ... Technical Translator's Guide

- ... Wikipedia

courtyard- COMPOUND1, I, Wed A complex of buildings (temple, residential and ancillary buildings) belonging, together with the territory on which they are located, to a church organization or a monastery, located far from it. The conversation jumped in different directions about old... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns

Compound- a territory, usually in a large city (often in the capital), owned by a monastery and located outside it. The monastery itself can be in a rural area, abroad, etc. In fact, the courtyard is a small independent monastery,... ... Orthodoxy. Dictionary-reference book

Books

• Kholushino Compound, Boris Ekimov, Boris Ekimov is the author of several books, his stories are often published in Moscow magazines and newspapers. One of these stories - “Kholushino Compound” - caused lively debate among readers and... Publisher: Soviet writer. Moscow,
• At the Trinity on Samotek... Metochion of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra in Moscow, Team of authors, The publication tells about the metochion of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, about its past and present state and what it is like remarkable place will appear, if God pleases, in... Publisher:

Many parishioners of the St. Nicholas Church, and simply residents of the city, far from the church, have recently seen the inscription “Bishop’s Compound” near the main entrance to the cathedral. What does this mean? Have there been any changes in the cathedral? What are they connected to? Requesting clarification new status cathedral our correspondent Olga MIKHAILOVA turned to my father Mikhail SAMOKHIN, rector of the Church of the Intercession, dean of the Northern Karachay-Cherkess district, head of the missionary department of the Pyatigorsk and Circassian diocese.
- Father Mikhail, what is the bishop’s courtyard and what does the new status of St. Nicholas Cathedral mean?
- A cathedral is considered a bishop's courtyard if it serves as a residence for the bishop and is directly subordinate to him. The capital of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is the second titular city of the Pyatigorsk and Circassian diocese, and the Bishop has repeatedly emphasized how significant our city is for him. There is a temple with this status in Pyatigorsk, and there should be one in Cherkessk. And therefore, the St. Nicholas Cathedral was given the high status of a bishop's courtyard; Bishop Theophylact of Pyatigorsk and Circassia himself became its rector.
- Has anything changed in the temple due to the change in status?
-The high status of the cathedral as the residence of the bishop means that the temple has become the main temple of the republic, which implies the revival of spiritual life in the parish. For this purpose, the bishop redistributed responsibilities among the priests of the cathedral. Archpriest Valentin Korneev was appointed keymaster, that is, deputy rector of the St. Nicholas Cathedral of Bishop Theophylact of Pyatigorsk and Circassia. Thanks to this, Father Valentin will be able to fully concentrate on organizing liturgical, educational, missionary, and outreach activities, without being distracted by the everyday needs of the church. They will be handled by the newly appointed treasurer of the cathedral, Priest Sergius Kuznetsov. He, Father Sergius, was also appointed director of the St. Sergius Orthodox Gymnasium.
- I would like you to tell us more about the new priest.
- Father Sergiy Kuznetsov is a native of Murmansk, but since 1986 his family moved to Nalchik. From 1988 to 1992 he studied at the Nalchik Music School, where he qualified as a choral conductor, music teacher and solfeggio teacher. Later he studied with Valery Kaytsukov at the North Caucasus Institute of Arts, in the department of Academic Singing. On February 15, 1994, he was ordained a deacon. In 1997 he was appointed full-time deacon of the Archangel Michael Cathedral in Pyatigorsk, and since 1999 - full-time deacon of St. Nicholas Cathedral in the city of Kislovodsk. In 1998 - 2002, Father Sergius was educated at the Stavropol Theological Seminary. In 2002, he was transferred as a full-time deacon to the Cathedral of St. Simeon the Stylite in Nalchik. In 2004, he was ordained to the priesthood and appointed full-time priest of the cathedral, St. Simeon the Stylite. Father has four children.
- At the beginning of September, the grand opening of the new building of the St. Sergius Orthodox Gymnasium took place in Cherkessk, where the Head of Karachay-Cherkessia Rashid Temrezov and the mayor of Cherkessk Ruslan Tambiev presented the Bishop of Pyatigorsk and Cherkessk Theophylact with a symbolic key to the new building. Are you satisfied with the new premises?
- Yes, definitely. Previously, the Orthodox Lyceum was located in the building of a former nursery on Leonova Street, 10. This building was not very suitable for educational institution, in connection with which it was decided to move the lyceum to a spacious room adapted for the educational process next to the Church of the Intercession. The St. Sergius Orthodox Gymnasium is now located in the old building of secondary school No. 11 on Kochubeya Street, 28. The gymnasium is designed for 100 children. We are sincerely grateful to the Head of the Republic Rashid Temrezov and the mayor of the city Ruslan Tambiev, who invariably respond to our needs with great understanding.
- What is the difference between an Orthodox gymnasium and a regular one?
- The Orthodox gymnasium is an elementary comprehensive school, in which the educational process is divided into two parts. In the first half of the day, schoolchildren are taught in accordance with federal educational standards in all subjects provided for by the program primary school. In the afternoon, with the consent of the parents, students of the gymnasium are offered a number of subjects of an ethnocultural orientation - church singing, Church Slavonic language and the basics Orthodox culture. At this stage, the clergy of the Pyatigorsk and Circassian diocese are involved in the educational process. And very soon at the base high school No. 11 there will be an educational and methodological center that will specifically deal with issues of spiritual and moral education of children and adolescents.
- You spoke about the revival of spiritual life, but when will believers see the bishop in their courtyard again?
- Literally in a few days, on Intercession, October 14, Vladyka will be in the republic. In the village of Kavkazsky, where we were recently allocated a plot of land, he will lay the foundation stone for a new temple. And this will be another step in revitalizing spiritual life in the republic.

XII. Monasteries

1. A monastery is a church institution in which a male or female community lives and operates, consisting of Orthodox Christians who have voluntarily chosen the monastic way of life for spiritual and moral improvement and joint confession of the Orthodox faith.

2. The decision on the issue of opening monasteries belongs to the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' and the Holy Synod on the proposal of the diocesan bishop.

In accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the relevant country, the monastery can be registered as a legal entity.

3. Stavropegial monasteries are proclaimed by the decision of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' and the Holy Synod in compliance with the canonical procedure.

4. Stavropegic monasteries are under the superior supervision and canonical management of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' or those Synodal institutions to which the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' blesses such supervision and management.

5. Diocesan monasteries are under the supervision and canonical control of the diocesan bishops.

6. If one, several or all inhabitants of the monastery leave its composition, they do not have the right and cannot make any claims to the property and funds of the monastery.

7. Enrollment in the monastery and dismissal from the monastery are carried out by orders of the diocesan bishop upon the proposal of the abbot (abbess) or vicar .

8. Monasteries are governed and live in accordance with the provisions of this Charter, the Civil Charter, the “Regulations on Monasteries and Monastics” and their own Charter, which must be approved by the diocesan bishop.

9. Monasteries may have courtyards. A metochion is a community of Orthodox Christians within the monastery and located outside it. The activities of the monastery are regulated by the Charter of the monastery to which this monastery belongs, and by its own civil charter. The metochion is under the jurisdiction of the same bishop as the monastery. If the metochion is located on the territory of another diocese, then during the service in the church of the metochion both the name of the diocesan bishop and the name of the bishop in whose diocese the metochion is located are exalted.

10. If the monastery decides to leave the hierarchical structure and jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church, the monastery is deprived of confirmation of belonging to the Russian Orthodox Church, which entails the cessation of the monastery’s activities as a religious organization of the Russian Orthodox Church and deprives it of the right to property that belonged to the monastery on the basis of ownership, use or other rights legally, as well as the right to use the name and symbols of the Russian Orthodox Church in the name.

Compound - a church institution, which is the representative office of one church -sche-st-va (or a separate arch-rei) on the canonical territory of another church-society (for example, a representative Sta-vi-tel-st-vo of a local church on the canonical territory of another local church, representative the representative office of a diocese in another diocese, the representative office of a mo-na-sty-rya).

In Russia, Podvorye is the first-to-be-named courtyard for those who come to the capital or other large foreign city. country ambassadors or ar-khie-re-ev. The courtyard is an exception to the predominantly ter-ri-to-ri-al-no-go principle of location according to -st-church-vey, its kind-of-ana-lo-giya according to ex-ter-ri-to-ri-al-no-sti in inter-people's law . The courtyard usually includes a temple, a plot of land, in the vicinity of the typ-pa - also an archbishop's house, a mo-na She-she cells, other residential and economic buildings.

The metochions of local churches are taken from the ancient practice of representation for a temporary or permanent Yan-noy os-no-ve one of the local churches on the territory of others for co-operation with the can-no-nic society through-slan-ni-kov - apok-ri-sia-ri-ev (Greek αποϰρισιαριος) or le-ga-tov. In the case of a hundred-year-old pre-sta-vi-tel-st-va, the Slan would often be in mo-na-sta- re - me-to-he (Greek μετοχιον), who was in the canonical power of the Church, at the head of his representatives -vi-te-lay. In the era-hu os-man-sko-go-vla-dy-che-st-va(from the 15th-16th centuries) eastern pat-ri-ar-ha-you established their own farmsteads at other churches, especially often in Russia for the purpose of ra de-gentle help. The farmsteads also serve as a place to locate pa-lom-nikovs. The metochions are located in the jurisdiction of their governing bodies of the local church, and are also dependent on the Church, on the ka-no-nic territory in which they are located; for example, when ras-ho-zh-de-niy God-serve-zheb-no-go ka-len-da-rya in the courtyard, drink-re-la-et-sya local ka-len-dar -ny style. The elements of the dual jurisdiction of the monastery you-ra-zha-yut-sya in the fact that for God-serving in the church of the monastery the in the name of both churches standing before them. Nowadays, not in Moscow, there are the farmsteads of Alek-san-d-riy-sko-go, An-ti-ohii-sko-go, Ie-ru-sa-lim-sko-go , Serbian and Bulgarian pat-ri-ar-ha-tov, Right-glorious Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia and Law -glorious church in America. On the basis of mutual relations, the Russian Orthodox Church has, headed by its representatives, metochions at the same churches.

Diocesan metochions in the towns of one local church were usually established in cities where There were cathedrals in front of local churches, most often in capital cities. Similar farmsteads exist in Kon-stan-ti-no-po-le, in Russia - in Moscow and St. Petersburg. hey, earlier, probably, it’s the same in Kiev, the capital of Kievan Rus. For example, in Moscow there were Kru-titskoe pod-vo-rye, Ryazan-skoe, Vyat-skoe, Pskov-skoe, Ko-lo-menskoe and other dioceses farmsteads; in St. Petersburg in the si-no-distant era there were farmsteads of the ar-khie-re-evs who were members of the Holy -tey-she-go Si-no-da or pri-sut-st-vuyu-shi-mi in Si-no-de.

The most widespread countries are the Mon-Styr farmsteads, which existed already in Byzantine times; they perform different functions: they help to develop a problem, they co-create sacrifice for their mo-na-sty-rays (especially when they live in remote and small-on-se- flax places, and the farmstead - in urban centers). Sometimes the metochion becomes a mo-na-stair, which is not within the jurisdiction of that Local Church, on a ca-no- nic territory to which it is open (for example, the Moscow courtyard of Pan-te-lei-mo-no-va mo-na-sta-rya, standing , like other mo-na-sty-ri on Athos, in the jurisdiction of Kon-stan-ti-no-pol-skogo pat-ri-ar-ha-ta). The activity of the mo-na-styr-th courtyard reg-la-men-ti-ru-et-sya with its mo-na-sty-rya. The courtyard is located in the jurisdiction of the same ar-khie-rey as the mo-na-styr. In the event that the metochion is located on the territory of another diocese, then for God's sake the service in the church of the metochion voz-no-sit-sya both the name of the diocese of ar-khie-rey, and the name of ar-khie-rey, on the territory of the diocese of something on -walks under the river.

In the Russian Right-to-Glorious Church, since the 1990s, the status of pat-ri-ar-shih metochions also have separate parishes, management of which ry-mi os-sche-st-v-la-et on-signed pat-ri-ar-khom rector without for-mi-ro-va-niya at-hod-go councils and other bodies of the local government. In this respect, their status is close to the status of the metochion of local churches, in which they are also not pre-smatic ri-va-et-sya formation of the organ-ga-new of the self-government.