Essay - studying the history of our country. Essay on the topic “Terrorism as an international problem of our time” Essay on the topic of global terrorism
Explosion at a bus stop. Explosion in the subway. Airplane hijacking. Hostage taking. Numerous victims after a bomb exploded, planted by an unknown person. Panic, screaming, crying. Victims, wounded. This is not the plot of the film, but reality. We hear such and similar messages almost every day in the news and all this is terrorism. It is about terrorism that we will write an essay today.
Terrorism essay on the topic
I would like to start an essay on the topic of terrorism with the very definition of this concept. Terrorism is the intimidation of people through violence and violent actions. Today terrorism in all countries is the number one problem, so this topic is relevant and an essay about terrorism will also be relevant for schoolchildren, because when asking various essays on social topics, it is impossible to pass by an essay about terrorism, or an essay about the fight against terrorism. So we decided to help and write an essay on the topic of Terrorism.
So, terrorism is an evil against humanity, and in the essay I would like to say how difficult and painful it is to see the suffering of people affected by this disaster, that the worst thing is that no one knows and cannot be sure that tomorrow the disaster will not affect specifically him or his family members. But we go down the subway every day, every day we stand at stops waiting for transport, every day we walk in parks, we gather in squares. All these places are under the target of terrorists, because where there are large crowds of people, massive harm can be caused to people. And this is exactly what terrorists need.
Terrorism, in its scale, destructive power, and cruelty, has become a problem for all of humanity. It's a plague modern life, this is the evil that has enslaved the whole world, keeps it in terror and fear, and something needs to be done about it.
Fight against terrorism
It is necessary to fight terrorism and terrorist acts, the state needs to direct all its forces to protect the civilian population, which is innocent of anything, but it is very difficult to eradicate terrorism, especially alone. It is necessary for countries to unite in the fight against terrorism and only in this way, having comprehensively studied the problem, building efficient mechanism in countering terrorist threats, having clarified the nature of the manifestation of terrorism, it is possible, if not to completely eradicate terrorism, which is very difficult and probably impossible, then at least to reduce its manifestation.
The topic of this essay is terrorism, its causes and impact on society. IN
Lately the fear of simply gathering in large groups in places has increased
mass gatherings of people. Most last reason capture serves this purpose
hostages during the screening of the musical “Nord-Ost” at the theater center in Moscow.
People's opinions about what government policy should be in this
direction are also different. On the one hand, many believe that
the only solution may be to strengthen the police regime and actively
anti-terrorist actions. On the other hand, many do not accept such
means that result in the death of civilians. After all, the death of many
hostages, after being released from Nord-Ost, it is not the terrorists’ fault, but
intelligence services
Let's go over the definitions. Terrorism is a type of political extremism in
its most violent form. According to the accepted practice in the American
political science concept, terrorism is “the threat or use of violence
political purposes individuals or groups that act as
side and against the existing government, when such actions
aimed at influencing larger number people than
direct victims."
Terrorism has nihilism as a cultural basis - a rejection of the common
There is poverty in the world, the misery of the masses of the population. This is just a nutrient medium, and
also a convenient excuse. It would be naive to imagine a terrorist as having been driven
to the complete despair and hopelessness of a person who, being no longer in
able to endure the hardships and suffering of their fellows, in a fit of rage
spontaneously grabs the weapon.
Turning points lay the preconditions for extremism by
significantly increase the interest of people experiencing frustration and depression in
historical traditions. Traditionalism, brought to its logical
end, is the main prerequisite for various manifestations of such
radical ideological movement, such as fundamentalism. For example, in
post-Soviet period, positive self-affirmation of Russians was carried out
mainly due to the resuscitation of traditional national values and
symbols, as well as mythologization and glorification of the past of their people. Height
traditionalism strengthens people's desire for cultural isolation,
causes the growth of xenophobia (fear of strangers), causes contradictions in
development, hindering the processes of modernization and globalization.
Unfinished urbanization, specific
forms of industrialization, changes in the ethno-demographic structure of society,
especially in conditions of rapid unregulated migration processes.
The main conclusion made by scientists long ago: terrorism arose along with the media and
inextricably linked with them. Modern terrorism - brother television. He
would not make sense if television did not convey its results to every
house. Today Russian television is an accomplice of terrorists, it is thoughtful and
creatively does exactly what terrorists need - talks about them and
shows the results of their activities.
This leads to interesting mass behavior effects. One has been installed for a long time
of media phenomena - the fame created with their help does not have a plus sign or
"minus". That's why terrorists become TV characters like
and athletes or show business stars, and heroes are usually imitated. From here -
epidemics of imitative behavior sweeping society almost immediately
after high-profile events widely covered by the media.
Thus, the problem of determining the role and place of the media in the fight against terrorism
(and the position of a “third-party observer” is unlikely for them in crisis situations
appropriate) requires the participation in its resolution of both editors and journalists, and
lawyers, in the end - the whole society, which is now increasingly becoming
collective hostage in the hands of terrorists.
If the media did not cover so-called “symbolic” acts, then such
the shares would lose all meaning.
In addition to mass imitation, widespread coverage of terrorist activities in the media
causes other socio-psychological effects. For example, Bin Laden
Today he has become one of the world-class sex symbols.
The work of the media in covering the actions of terrorists is fraught with other dangers:
· A kind of “glorification” of criminals and their actions (in
depending on the place given to them in publications)
· Danger of causing imitators to become active
· Possible impact interviews with criminals conducted by the police
negotiation
· Interviewing child victims of terrorists
· Constant declassification of deployment, strength and equipment
police trying to resolve the incident
· Unnecessary trauma to the victims' loved ones
Potential impact on upcoming litigation
Of course, terrorist organizations existed long before the advent of
television and media in general mass media- then the number of people
those who read newspapers were generally insignificant. And in those days terrorists took into account
demonstration effect: they sought to influence not so much
population as a whole, how many for the state, more precisely for its ruling circles,
whom they declared war on. This is explained by the fact that “old” terrorism
had a class or pseudo-class, rather narrow political character:
Suffice it to recall the Russian Narodnaya Volya and Socialist Revolutionaries. After the First World War
war, ethnic motives of terrorism came to the fore.
A striking example terrorism, which has a strong ethnic overtones, can serve
“time of unrest” (Troubles), as they call it in Northern Ireland lasting there
decades of internecine war, in which with cruelty and mercilessness
the so-called paramilitaries on both sides are killing each other - Catholic
Irish Republican Army and Protestant Loyalist units.
Fear of terrorism is actively used to infiltrate mass consciousness
"the image of the enemy." For example, the image of “Islamic terror” serves to encourage
unification of the West as a counterweight to the South-Eastern “Terrorist Threat”. WITH
with its help they simultaneously split and Islamic world, dividing its states into
"terrorist" and "non-terrorist".
Fear of Terror is an Effective Tool in the Fight for Change
public opinion in favor of expanding the intelligence services, their powers and
financing.
In the West they are increasingly saying that terrorism is an inevitable reverse
side of increasing civil liberties, which it is desirable to limit.
The term “police democracy”, which appeared in the West, is quickly losing its popularity
society its negative meaning against the backdrop of fear skillfully whipped up by the media.
The process of group manipulation is divided into three stages:
· The first stage is “emotional actualization of xenophobia.” Such
psychological treatment carried out with the help of special literature and
media, is aimed at touching the most
sensitive strings of the human psyche, affecting honor and personal
the dignity of each representative of a given religious group or ethnic group.
· The second stage is “practical orientation of groups.” Mass consciousness
(“compatriots” or “co-religionists”), fueled by the propaganda of the “folk
indignation", is directed towards specific achievements with the help of attractive
political goals, programs.
· The third stage – goals planned for implementation, specific program
installations and practical steps must be morally sanctioned
dominant in this environment public opinion, after which any shares
this national movement, even if they are associated with inevitable
riots and bloodshed will certainly be perceived as morally
justified, meeting the highest interests of the nation or confession.
It is this type of terrorism that goes beyond local boundaries that is recognized today,
perhaps the main danger threatening humanity in the coming century.
And we have to admit that in this area terrorist activities
prevails what is commonly – and incorrectly – called “Islamic
terrorism." Using this formulation is approximately the same as calling
colonization of Africa in the 19th century. "Christian colonization" on the grounds that
the colonial states were Christian.
The vast majority of people know nothing at all about Islam, and interest in
This religion, for obvious reasons, has recently been growing rapidly, and increasingly
a myth is spreading about special belligerence, almost even bloodthirstiness
Islam, which supposedly demands from its followers a merciless fight against
“infidels,” that is, with people of other faiths.
It is wrong to blame Islam for crimes allegedly committed in the name of this
religion. And yet - the fact remains: the most ruthless, massive,
"global-scale" acts of terror are committed by people calling themselves
Muslims, and are justified by the teachings of Islam.
In the late 70s - early 80s, there was a trend in the Muslim world towards
strengthening the positions of Islamic extremism and fundamentalism, which in general was
due to the general politicization of Islam (as well as the Islamization of politics).
The strengthening of the position of Islam in the countries of the Muslim East also contributed to
a number of objective factors:
1) Special role played by changes in the geopolitical situation in the world as a whole
after the collapse of the world socialist system and the USSR. Strengthening the US position in
as the only world "hegemon" have also become a kind of
a catalyst for a departure from European models and a search for ways to create an original
development.
2) Conflict various types civilizations - Muslim and European,
manifested itself in almost all spheres of Muslim society and showed
the impossibility of blindly copying Western society on Islamic soil.
Historically, most countries in the Middle East are currently experiencing
difficult stage. The recent experience of the past decades has shown the inconsistency
borrowing both “capitalist” and “socialist” paths
development, the unacceptability of their mechanical copying.
3) Current socio-economic situation in the countries of the Arab East
characterized by a number of common features: agricultural overpopulation and availability
large quantity not involved in agriculture working hands;
too rapid urbanization of cities at the expense of people from villages;
inability to provide jobs to the urban population, rising unemployment;
strong wealth stratification in society.
Speaking about modern “Islamic” terrorism and its threat, it is necessary
emphasize that the main and immediate reason for the development of terrorism in
Union. As a result of the collapse of the USSR with the bankruptcy of ideas that preceded it
socialism in many states of the Near and Middle East (Egypt, Iraq,
Syria, Libya, Afghanistan, etc.), ideological vacuum there, and then in
Muslim regions of Russia quickly began to be filled with Islam. Last
appears primarily in its most militant form - in the form of radical
Wahhabism, demanding with the help of a “holy war” to return the Muslim world to
caliphate. Recording the intensification of Islam in the Muslim East and Russia,
experts note that Islam, which is characterized by a hostile attitude towards
liberal values and which can only lead to tyranny and impoverishment,
seeks to fill the vacuum left by the collapse of communism.
The main goal of Islamic radicalism is to change the place and role of religion
in the life of society, as a result of which representatives of this movement reject
dominant ideology political practice existing secular
regime and state structure as not corresponding to the norms
Muslim religion.
Thus, Islamic extremists pursue the following goals: establishing
in society the foundations of the Islamic theocratic state, an introduction to
social practice of Sharia norms and, finally, the restoration of the caliphate in
as a single public education all Muslims.
As evidenced by extensive world practice, radical Islam is not
will stop within the fixed boundaries of the geographical residence of a certain
communities of Muslims, because for them cherished dream is to unite
of the entire Muslim Ummah of the world within the framework of a single political state
formation - caliphate. In this case, the process seems inevitable
“spreading” of Islamic radical ideology and practice to others
“Muslim” territories, both within Russia, the CIS and other states
In journalism and scientific literature Attempts to directly link
the rise of political extremism with poverty, social disadvantage and
low cultural level of certain regional, ethnic or religious
groups. However, in closed, stagnant societies, such as the Bushmen of the South
Africa or among the Mayan Indians in Mexico, who are in extreme low levels
economic and social development there's nothing like political
extremism, and even more so terrorism. However, these phenomena are noticeable in
societies that have embarked on the path of transformation, and are concentrated in social
layers of society, characterized by a bizarre combination of traditional and new
features of culture, incomplete change in status and living conditions. Manifestations
extremism grows during periods of begun but not completed historical
Now a special, new function of terrorist acts is emerging. Classical
terrorism has always been a form of blackmail of the authorities or the world community and openly
(and even demonstratively) put forward his demands, for example, to pay a ransom,
release like-minded people from prisons, stop hostilities, etc. But in
Lately, anonymous terrorist acts have been increasingly committed with
implicit goals. One of them may be consolidation or expansion of one’s own
ranks in response to provoked acts of retaliation. In this case, the state
(or a group of states), carrying out such actions, plays according to the scenario,
imposed on him (or them) by extremists.
According to Huntington, " the main problem, facing the West is not
Islamic fundamentalism is Islam, a different civilization, the peoples of which
convinced of the superiority of their culture and depressed by the fact that their power is much greater
below. And the problem for Islam is the West, another civilization whose people
are convinced of the universal nature of their culture and believe that their
superior, albeit diminishing power imposes on them the duty
spread this culture throughout the world."
materials from the book by S. Kara-Murza “Manipulation of Consciousness” M., 2001)
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relationship. – 2002. – No. 3.
3. Pain E. A. Social nature of extremism and terrorism//Public
science and modernity. – 2002. - No. 4.
4. Khoros V. “Crown,” “roots” and “climate” of terrorism // World Economy and
international relationships. – 2002. – №3.
5. Khlobustov O. Media and violence in
society//Power. – 1999. - No. 10.
6. Rybakov V. On the issue of terrorism, or two sides of the same coin //
World economy and international relations. – 2002. – No. 3.
Every year, terrorist attacks (acts of terrorism) become more organized and more brutal towards the civilian population. Terrorists use various types of explosives and materials in their acts, modern weapons and ammunition, etc. At the same time, terrorist organizations carefully conceal their activities, and in connection with this, a system of companies, funds and banks operates as a cover.
These organizations also have their own training camps for new terrorists, underground medical bases for treatment and warehouses where they store weapons and ammunition, explosives, uniforms, medicines and other equipment.
I share scientific approach, that, despite a significant number of international legal acts (according to experts, there are 27 global and regional agreements) and international organizations and bodies coordinating the fight against international terrorism, a universal international legal act, which would unambiguously characterize this socially dangerous and complex socio-political phenomenon, define not only the concept, legally significant features, but also give an accurate legal description, assessment and legal responsibility for this type of crime, and also allowed for joint and effective actions on combating terrorism.
Countering terrorism should become one of the most important tasks for international organizations and all interested states of the world community.
The main international legal acts aimed against terrorism include:
- Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure aircraft (1970).
- UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents (1973).
- European Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism (1977).
- UN Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism (1994) and others.
It is generally accepted that the world's leading organization, including the one coordinating the fight against international terrorism, is the UN. On General Assembly and the UN Security Council regularly discusses the problems of combating terrorism and adopts relevant resolutions. Within the UN from among specialized organizations The role of the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) is best known, and a specialized Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC) of the UN Security Council has been created.
As the facts show, terrorist acts are committed in different countries world, both in underdeveloped countries - Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, etc., and in highly industrialized countries - the USA, France, Israel, etc.
Acts of terrorism are also committed in Russia, examples of this include: explosions in the Moscow metro on March 29, 2010, where 41 people were killed and 88 people were injured; On January 24, 2011, a suicide bomber detonated a bomb at Moscow's Domodedovo Airport, killing 37 and injuring 130 people.
On modern stage development Russian state, its society, as well as the world community as a whole, faces quite acute problems of preventing and combating terrorism, as well as improving forms of international legal cooperation and interaction with other states.
In my opinion, the complex modern situation in the fight against terrorism in Russia constantly requires, following the example of foreign countries(Türkiye, Israel, France, etc.), tightening measures of civil and criminal liability, as well as a special procedure for conducting criminal proceedings against persons involved in terrorist activities
Terrorism today is one of the most complex problems for the global community.
Terrorism has a global spread, which threatens the lives of many people, regardless of their country of residence, and only on the basis of international legal acts and decisions of international organizations, joint and coordinated actions of all interested states can help cope with this complex socio-political and social crisis. dangerous phenomenon in the world, affecting the lives of every inhabitant of our planet.
Currently, terrorism equally threatens public, national and international security and is a well-organized form of influence on organs state power from international terrorist and extremist organizations in order to destabilize the control system. It is impossible to cope with this kind of threat through one-time force actions. A long-term, coordinated strategy is needed international cooperation.
For success in confrontation modern terrorism We need joint efforts of the entire world community, coordination of actions at the global, regional and national levels.
Cooperation between states in the fight against international terrorism is based on fundamental principles international law, which are enshrined in the Declaration of Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation between States in accordance with the UN Charter.
International legal cooperation in the fight against terrorism is developing quite dynamically. However, its potential has not yet been exhausted and has a significant reserve. To improve the effectiveness of anti-terrorist cooperation, it is necessary to continue to improve the legal framework and give it a truly universal character.
It is also important to expand the circle of participants in existing international anti-terrorism treaties. It is absolutely clear that the joint efforts of states and international organizations can give effective results in the fight against terrorism. And it is also very important to prevent the use of interference of one country in the internal affairs of another under the pretext of support for terrorism by that country.
List of sources used
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2. Zhdanov Yu. N., Lagovskaya E. S. European criminal law. M., 2014.
3. Akkaeva Kh. A. New trends in legislation on extremism and terrorism in Russian Federation// Historical, philosophical, political and legal sciences, cultural studies and art history. Questions of theory and practice. 2015. No. 10-2 (60). pp. 16-18.
4. Kanunnikova N. G. Foreign experience counteraction international extremism and terrorism // Legal science and law enforcement practice. 2014. No. 3 (29). pp. 163-168.
5. Chumakova A. S., Buzinova A. A. On the issue of terrorism in modern conditions// Volga region pedagogical search. 2013. No. 1 (3). pp. 137-139.
Essay on the topic “Terrorism as international problem modernity" updated: April 7, 2019 by: Scientific Articles.Ru
Terrorism is a word that evokes horror, fear and sympathy at the same time. Remembering the footage of terrorist attacks broadcast on television, the mixture of feelings is overwhelming. Two contradictory attitudes arise towards the person who committed this crime, or, more precisely, a terrible act. These are: pity and hatred. The first feeling arises from the realization that this person is just a pawn and that many people are behind the terrorist acts. The second is because he still did it and not from the trajectory planned for him. But as they say, it’s good to judge from the outside, but if all the grief touched, then the opinion would be completely different.
Problems of terrorism - as a factor putting pressure on society
Terrorism is, first of all, a problem not of one country, but of the entire world community. Since terrorist attacks are happening all over the world. As a result, many people die, many families suffer, as well as the infrastructure of cities. But eradicating terrorism is a very difficult task, and while there is crime in the world, it is becoming practically impossible to solve. Since the main income of terrorists is in the underground arms market and narcotic drugs.
One more significant problem terrorism is the involvement of children in this activity. They are trained from birth for their mission. It's no secret that a child comes under less suspicion, so it's easier for him to get in, because searches at train stations are mainly carried out on adults.
Fighting a global problem - terrorism
IN modern world there is a fierce struggle with terrorist organizations To achieve success in which, many methods are used. Fighting only through military action will not give the desired result, because if one extremist group is destroyed, another will form in its place. Therefore, both political and economic and information methods are used against terrorists. The creation of certain units whose activities combine the fight against terrorists and criminals. One of these well-known organizations is Interpol (International). From a political point of view, one can note the introduction of bills restricting or prohibiting the carrying of weapons. Information methods are, first of all, anti-terrorist propaganda, because it is not for nothing that terrorism is presented in all its colors on TV, on the Internet and in newspapers.
Terrorism is the most terrible manifestation of extremism, which does not leave the majority indifferent.
